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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Cerebrovascular accident (stroke)

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Academic literature on the topic 'Cerebrovascular accident (stroke)'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 12 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Cerebrovascular accident (stroke)"

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Eastwood, M. R., S. L. Rifat, H. Nobbs, and J. Ruderman. "Mood Disorder Following Cerebrovascular Accident." British Journal of Psychiatry 154, no. 2 (February 1989): 195–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.154.2.195.

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Depression appears to be common after stroke, and therefore may have a bearing upon rehabilitation. To examine whether the depression is due to a specific brain lesion, or is reactive to the consequent disability, this study looked at the frequency and associations of depressed mood in a stroke rehabilitation unit in-patient population, unselected for site of lesion. Depression affected 50% of the patients; history of previous psychiatric disorder and cerebrovascular accident appeared to be important risk factors. There were hemispheric differences in the relationships between measures, with both the site-of-lesion and reactive viewpoints being upheld.

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Rowe, Fiona J., David Wright, Darren Brand, Carole Jackson, Shirley Harrison, Tallat Maan, Claire Scott, et al. "Profile of Gaze Dysfunction following Cerebrovascular Accident." ISRN Ophthalmology 2013 (October 10, 2013): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/264604.

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Aim. To evaluate the profile of ocular gaze abnormalities occurring following stroke. Methods. Prospective multicentre cohort trial. Standardised referral and investigation protocol including assessment of visual acuity, ocular alignment and motility, visual field, and visual perception. Results. 915 patients recruited: mean age 69.18 years (SD 14.19). 498 patients (54%) were diagnosed with ocular motility abnormalities. 207 patients had gaze abnormalities including impaired gaze holding (46), complete gaze palsy (23), horizontal gaze palsy (16), vertical gaze palsy (17), Parinaud’s syndrome (8), INO (20), one and half syndrome (3), saccadic palsy (28), and smooth pursuit palsy (46). These were isolated impairments in 50% of cases and in association with other ocular abnormalities in 50% including impaired convergence, nystagmus, and lid or pupil abnormalities. Areas of brain stroke were frequently the cerebellum, brainstem, and diencephalic areas. Strokes causing gaze dysfunction also involved cortical areas including occipital, parietal, and temporal lobes. Symptoms of diplopia and blurred vision were present in 35%. 37 patients were discharged, 29 referred, and 141 offered review appointments. 107 reviewed patients showed full recovery (4%), partial improvement (66%), and static gaze dysfunction (30%). Conclusions. Gaze dysfunction is common following stroke. Approximately one-third of patients complain of visual symptoms, two thirds show some improvement in ocular motility.

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BUZZO (PRIHOI), Elena Lăcrămioara. "Speech therapy in stroke (cerebrovascular accident- CVA)." Revista Română de Terapia Tulburărilor de Limbaj şi Comunicare 1, no. 1 (October 15, 2015): 41–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.26744/rrttlc.2015.1.1.06.

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Gupta, Gaurav, Saurabh Kishor, and Aditya Kumar. "Serum uric acid, lipid profile and alkaline phosphatase levels in ischemic cerebrovascular accident patients." International Journal of Advances in Medicine 8, no. 8 (July 23, 2021): 1171. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20212862.

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Background: Stroke or cerebrovascular accident (CVA) is noted as the second cause of mortality, especially in the elderly population. Recent studies indicated that higher concentrations of uric acid are involved in various vascular diseases. The findings of previous investigations suggest that, elevated serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels may have a pathophysiological character in the occurrence of atherosclerotic vascular disease (AVD) of the heart and brain. This study evaluated the association between serum uric acid (SUA) levels, serum lipid levels, serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels, and changes in ischemic cerebrovascular accident patients.Methods: All patients with Ischemic cerebrovascular accident age >50 years were included based on their clinical, laboratory, and radiological findings (including computed tomography (CT)/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)) those admitted in our hospital. As control group 200 healthy individuals matched for sex and age were recruited from the same demographic area.Result: Multiple logistic regression analysis findings proposed four components as significant predictors in ischemic cerebrovascular accident (serum uric acid, serum ALP, LDL and HDL. In this study, it was found, that patients with ischemic cerebrovascular accident had significant difference (p<0.001) in serum uric acid and serum ALP than normal patients (non-ischemic cerebrovascular accident patients).Conclusions: Patients with ischemic cerebrovascular accident had significant difference (p<0.001) in SUA and serum ALP than normal patients (non-ischemic cerebrovascular accident patients). High SUA levels were observed to be associated significantly with ischemic stroke. On the basis of our study design, we cannot clarify that the elevated levels are the risk of ischemic stroke and it requires further studies.

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Rahman, Md Siddiqur, Md Monowarul Islam, Mohammad Asaduzzaman, Shahana Afroze, Is mot Ara Zannat, and Mohammad Mahbubul Haque. "Voiding Disorders in Patients with Cerebrovascular Accident." Bangladesh Journal of Urology 23, no. 2 (November 15, 2020): 136–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bju.v23i2.50304.

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Background: Cerebrovascular accident often happens in elderly group, frequently causing voiding dysfunction. The aim of the study was to determine the magnitudes of various types of voiding disorders among patients of cerebrovascular accidents attending in Dhaka Medical College Hospital. Methods: It was a cross-sectional study conducted at the department of Urology ofDhaka Medical College Hospital from July 2009 to June 2011. Hundred and eight patients were enrolled in the study. Results: More than 61% subjects were male (n=66).Leading number of patients (45.4%) had three to six months disease duration. In this group 67.3% had overactive bladder, 64.7% had underactive bladder and 24.5% had normal activity of bladder. In patients with irritative symptoms majority had overactive bladder (71.4%) while in patients with obstructive symptoms half of the subjects had overactive bladder (50.0%). Majority of the subjects with DM (71.4%) and HTN (82.6%) had overactive bladder. Seventy percent (n=) subjects with overactive bladder had arterial stroke while around 82% (n=) of the underactive bladder subjects had venous stroke. More than 85% subjects with underactive bladder and around 78% subjects with overactive bladder had infection. Conclusion: Voiding dysfunction is a common sequel of acute stroke and most of the patients with irritative symptoms and about half of the subjects with obstructive symptoms had overactive bladder. Diabetes mellitus, hypertension and arterial stroke were found to be associated with overactive bladder. Bangladesh Journal of Urology, Vol. 23, No. 2, July 2020 p.136-141

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Korolev, M. P., Yu A. Spesivtsev, L. E. Fedotov, A. V. Klimov, I. S. Terekhov, A. N. Kondratyev, and Sh Kh Doniyarov. "Gastroduodenal bleeding in patients with acute cerebrovascular accident." Grekov's Bulletin of Surgery 178, no. 4 (September 9, 2019): 20–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.24884/0042-4625-2019-178-4-20-25.

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INTRODUCTION. Gastroduodenal bleedings often occurs among patients with cerebrovascular accident (CVA). The frequency, causes and treatment tactics for bleeding from the upper gastrointestinal tract (GIT) in this group of patients have not been sufficiently studied. There were no well established guidelines of treatment for this group of patients, that could be a reason for high mortality. The OBJECTIVE of the study was to improve the treatment outcome of gastroduodenal bleeding cases in patients with cerebrovascular accident (CVA) by using conservative and endoscopic methods that could be used to stop bleeding and developing tactics of treatment in this category of patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS. There were 105 patients with cerebrovascular accident (CVA) and signs of bleeding from the upper gastrointestinal tract in the study. Patients were admitted to the St. Petersburg City Mariinsky Hospital from 2013 to 2018 years. Patients were divided into 2 groups, regarding the type of cerebrovascular accident (CVA): patients with ischemic stroke and patients with hemorrhagic stroke. All patients underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) during 2 hours from identifying the signs of bleeding. RESULTS. In this study, we analyzed medical files and records of patients with diagnosis of ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke, who were admitted to St. Petersburg City Mariinsky Hospital from 2013 to 2018 years. During the observation of patients with diagnosis of ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke, 7483 patients and 1919 patients respectively were treated in the clinic. Among these patients, 58 patients were with diagnosis of acute stroke with ischemic type and 47 patients with acute hemorrhagic stroke in combination with bleeding from upper parts of a GIT. The frequency of the upper GI bleeding was 0.77 % (58 of 7483) in the group with ischemic type of stroke; in the group of patients with hemorrhagic stroke, gastroduodenal bleeding was diagnosed in 2.45 % (47 of 1919) cases. CONCLUSIONS. Endoscopic treatment of gastroduodenal bleeding in cases of ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke was the method of choice. The combined endoscopic hemostasis method was preferred. To achieve hemostasis in cases of superficial lesions of the mucous membrane of the upper gastrointestinal tract and acute ulcers of the gastroduodenal zone in combination with CVA, Argon plasma coagulation (APC) was effective. It was possible to combine APC with other methods of endoscopic hemostasis that improved the results of treatment and reduced the risk of recurrent bleeding. If bleeding was from chronic ulcers of the stomach and / or duodenum, the method of clipping was effective in combination with APC and / or with injection method. When signs of recurrence of bleeding appeared, all patients with CVA should have undergone esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) and hemostasis by endoscopic methods. All patients with CVA and gastroduodenal hemorrhages combination should have undergone anti-ulcer drug therapy.

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Rajesh Kumar, Sonal, and T. A. Vidya. "High sensitivity C-reactive protein level in cerebrovascular accident." International Journal of Advances in Medicine 7, no. 4 (March 21, 2020): 666. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20201120.

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Background: Stroke is the second leading cause of death worldwide according to WHO. High sensitivity C-Reactive Protein (hs-CRP) is an acute phase reactant which is being studied extensively to delineate its role in development of stroke as well as in prognostication. This study was done to assess correlation of hs-CRP with risk factors of stroke and its association with types of stroke and prognosis.Methods: A prospective case control study of 100 patients with acute stroke along with 100 controls was conducted with informed consent. At baseline, hs-CRP levels were measured and Modified Rankin Scale (MRS) was assessed. On day 90 the Modified Rankin Scale was assessed again. Patients were divided into groups based on hs-CRP levels and MRS and the results were analysed.Results: Prevalence of stroke was more in men than women (p=0.0002). Statistically significant difference was found between mean hs-CRP levels in men (4.722±0.8982 mg/L) and women (4.133±0.9446 mg/L) (p=0.005) and between cases and controls (p=0.0003). There was no significant association with type of stroke (p=0.456). Mean total cholesterol levels between cases and controls showed statistically significant difference (p=0.0005). High MRS was significantly associated with high hs-CRP levels (p=0.003). Higher hs-CRP on day 1 correlated with higher MRS on day 90.Conclusions: hs-CRP level is increased in stroke and shows significant association with severity of stroke and prognosis.

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Bhuvaneshwari G and Somiya C. "Effectiveness of dysphagia exercises on swallowing ability among patients with Cerebrovascular Accidents." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, no. 2 (April 4, 2020): 1515–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11i2.2027.

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Cerebrovascular accident (CVA) is one of the foremost reasons leading to mortality and morbidity throughout the world. It is the third biggest killer in India after a heart attack and cancer. It is like a chronic health condition which negatively impacts on quality of life. Dysphagia is one of the most successive side effects in patients with a stroke which is a loss of motion of throat muscles. This condition can disturb the gulping procedure and make eating, drinking, taking prescription and breathing trouble. Dysphagiaexercises are designed toenhancing muscles and coordinatingthe nervesandmuscles involved in swallowing.The pre-experimental design was used with 60 samples who matched the inclusion criteria who were selected by purposive sampling technique.The study aims is to assess the swallowing ability before and after dysphagia exercisesamong patients with cerebrovascular accidents. Demographical variables were collected by using self- structured questionnaires and Modified Mann Assessment of Swallowing Ability Scale.The study uncovered that the pre-test mean swallowing ability score was 42.45 with a standard deviation of 8.63 among the cerebrovascular accident patients. The post-test swallowing ability mean score of 50.54% with a standard deviation of 8.23 among the cerebrovascular accident patients. The study findings concluded thatDysphagia practices which was an effective, inexpensive, simple measure for improving swallowing ability among patients with cerebrovascular accident.

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Cornelis, Cosette, Sanne J. den Hartog, Carla M. Bastemeijer, Bob Roozenbeek, Paul J. Nederkoorn, and Renske M. Van den Berg-Vos. "Patient-Reported Experience Measures in Stroke Care." Stroke 52, no. 7 (July 2021): 2432–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/strokeaha.120.034028.

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Background and Purpose: Patient-reported experience measures (PREMs) assess patients’ perception of health care. We aimed to identify all reported PREMs for stroke care and critically appraise psychometric properties of PREMs validated for patients with stroke. Methods: Studies on the development, validation, or utilization of PREMs for adult patients with stroke were systematically identified. The Consensus-Based Standards for the Selection of Health Measurement Instruments criteria were used to appraise psychometric performance. Results: We included 18 studies, examining 13 PREMs. Two PREMs had been developed for stroke care: Consumer Quality Index: Cerebrovascular Accident and Riksstroke. Consumer Quality Index: Cerebrovascular Accident was given a positive psychometric assessment, but its length and limited language applicability impede clinical implementation. Riksstroke was appraised as doubtful. Eleven PREMs were generic. The psychometric performance of 5 generic PREMS, validated for patients with stroke, received conflicting assessments. Six generic PREMs had not been validated in patients with stroke and were therefore not assessed for instrument performance. Conclusions: Thirteen PREMs have been published for use in stroke care. The stroke-specific Consumer Quality Index: Cerebrovascular Accident has favorable psychometric performance but lacks practical feasibility. Other PREMs have inadequate or unknown psychometric properties. This indicates the need for developing stroke-specific PREMs to support quality improvement and enhance patient-centered care.

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Ramazanov, G. R., T. A. Magomedov, L. T. Khamidova, N. V. Rybalko, S. S. Petrikov, and N. A. Shamalov. "Etiology of Cryptogenic Stroke." Russian Sklifosovsky Journal "Emergency Medical Care" 8, no. 3 (November 6, 2019): 302–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.23934/2223-9022-2019-8-3-302-314.

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Ischemic stroke is a heterogeneous syndrome with a plurality of potential etiological factors. The routine diagnosis does not always allow the cause of acute cerebrovascular accident to be found, in such cases we talk about cryptogenic ischemic stroke, which incidence is 20-40%. The category of patients with cryptogenic stroke was first characterized and assigned to a separate group in the database of the National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Stroke in the USA, and later in the TOAST study. The diagnosis of cryptogenic stroke is usually based on the exclusion of well-known causes of acute cerebrovascular accidents, such as atherosclerosis, cardiac arrhythmias, arterial hypertension. Due to the considerable variability of concepts for cryptogenic stroke, the term ESUS (Embolic Stroke of Undetermined Source) appeared in 2014 and formulated criteria which accurately characterized these patients: non-lacunar cerebral infarction by CT and/or MRI, no atherosclerotic lesion stenosing a stroke-associated artery of more than 50%, no sources of high-risk cardioembolism, no other causes of stroke such as dissection of the artery supplying the area of infarction in the brain, migraine, arteritis. Among the potential causes and sources of cerebral embolism in patients with cryptogenic stroke are heart, veins of lower extremities and pelvis, nonstenosing atherosclerosis of brachiocephalic artery, atheroma of aortic arch, paradoxical embolism non-atherosclerotic vasculopathy, monogenic diseases, hypercoagulable states, and others. We should note that there is a lot of studies on the possible causes of cryptogenic stroke in the available literature, but no common approach to classification of etiologic factors and examination algorythms were developed. The high incidence of cryptogenic stroke, the significant heterogeneity of its etiopathogenetic mechanisms and the need for differentiated approaches to the secondary prevention of this type of acute cerebrovascular accident determine the relevance of further studies in this field.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Cerebrovascular accident (stroke)"

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Laska, Ann Charlotte. "Aphasia in acute stroke /." Stockholm, 2007. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2007/978-91-7357-195-1/.

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Ahmed, Niaz. "Blood pressure in acute ischaemic stroke : blood pressure and stress in the acute phase of stroke and influence of initial blood pressure on stroke-outcome /." Stockholm, 2003. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2003/91-7349-700-2/.

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Stavric, Verna. "Muscle power after stroke a thesis submitted to Auckland University of Technology in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Health Science (MHSc), 2007 /." ScholarlyCommons@AUT : Muscle power after stroke, 2007. http://aut.researchgateway.ac.nz/handle/10292/131.

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Sonde, Lars. "Rehabilitation after stroke : effects of length of stay and treatments to facilitate motor recovery after stroke /." Stockholm, 2001. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2001/91-628-4730-9/.

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Koch, Lena von. "Early supported hospital discharge and continued rehabilitation at home after stroke /." Stockholm, 2000. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2000/91-628-4027-4/.

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Medin, Jennie. "Stroke among people of working age : from a public health and working life perspective /." Linköping : Univ, 2006. http://www.bibl.liu.se/liupubl/disp/disp2006/med930s.pdf.

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Crary, Michael A. "Dysphagia and nutritional status following stroke." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2004. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0008951.

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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Florida, 2004.
Typescript. Title from title page of source document. Document formatted into pages; contains 44 pages. Includes Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

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Appelros, Peter. "Stroke severity and outcome : in search of predictors using a population-based strategy /." Stockholm : [Karolinska institutets bibl.], 2002. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2002/91-7349-275-2/.

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Larson, Jenny. "Life situation after stroke : the spouses' perspective /." Stockholm, 2005. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2005/91-7140-457-0/.

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Kouwenhoven, Mathilde Cornelia Maria. "Matrix-degrading metalloproteinases and cytokines in multiple sclerosis and ischemic stroke /." Stockholm : Karolinska Univ. Press, 2001. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2001/91-7349-021-0/.

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Books on the topic "Cerebrovascular accident (stroke)"

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W, Norris John, ed. The acute stroke. Philadelphia: F.A. Davis, 1985.

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Clinical epidemiology of stroke. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1990.

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Stroke-free for life: The complete guide to stroke prevention and treatment. New York: Cliff Street Books, 2001.

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Wiebers, David O. Stroke-free for life: The complete guide to stroke prevention and treatment. 2nd ed. New York: Cliff Street Books, 2002.

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Adams, Harold P. Management of stroke: A practical guide for the prevention, evaluation and treatment of acute stroke. 2nd ed. Caddo, OK: Professional Communications, Inc., 2002.

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The psychiatry of stroke. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press, 1996.

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The psychiatry of stroke. 2nd ed. New York: Haworth Press, 2007.

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Hennerici, M. Stroke. London: Mosby, 2004.

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1948-, McLean Rod, and Kobylinski Barbara A. 1944-, eds. Stroke survivors. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Publishers, 1994.

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Living with stroke: A guide for patients and families. 4th ed. Birmingham, AL: HealthSouth Press, 2010.

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Book chapters on the topic "Cerebrovascular accident (stroke)"

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KHAN, M. GABRIEL. "Stroke/Cerebrovascular Accident." In Encyclopedia of Heart Diseases, 575–79. Elsevier, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-012406061-6/50087-4.

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"Stroke/Cerebrovascular Accident." In Encyclopedia of Heart Diseases, 795–801. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60761-219-3_89.

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Clement, I. "Cerebrovascular Accident/Stroke." In Textbook on Neurological and Neurosurgical Nursing, 439. Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd., 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp/books/12672_112.

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Dowie, Susanna. "Cerebrovascular accident (CVA: stroke)." In Acupuncture, T20—T21. Elsevier, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-443-06867-6.50029-5.

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Harris, Catherine. "Ischemic Stroke/Cerebrovascular Accident." In Adult-Gerontology Acute Care Practice Guidelines. New York, NY: Springer Publishing Company, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/9780826170057.0006e.

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Amlong, Corey, and Robert D. Sanders. "Cerebrovascular Disease." In Oxford Textbook of Neuroscience and Anaesthesiology, edited by George A. Mashour and Kristin Engelhard, 289–96. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198746645.003.0024.

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Peri-operative stroke is a rare consequence of surgical intervention and anaesthesia that has profound effect on patient outcomes; incurring a cerebrovascular accident (CVA) in the setting of noncardiac, non-neurologic surgery is associated with an adjusted eightfold increase in mortality. Just as concerning as the high mortality is the degree of disability associated with a cerebrovascular event. Disability from stroke is broad in scope, ranging from mild deficits in cognition or mobility to complete dependence on others for activities of daily living. This chapter on cerebrovascular disease discusses peri-operative considerations (including timing of elective surgery, type of anaesthetic, blood pressure, anaemia, glycaemic control, and anticoagulation), and care of the patient with peri-operative CVA.

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Tozer, Jordan. "Focal Weakness." In Acute Care Casebook, edited by Julie Mayglothling Winkle, 201–6. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190865412.003.0041.

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The case illustrates how to approach the management of intracranial hemorrhage related to severe hypertension. Early recognition is the key initial step, which will mediate downstream management and help distinguish this entity from mimics such as ischemic cerebrovascular accident, encephalopathy, and hypoglycemia. Management of intracranial hypertensive hemorrhage is predicated upon tight blood pressure control, reducing intracranial pressure, and possible neurosurgical intervention. Prognosis is uniformly poor, even when recognized early. Key management issues include the consideration of hypoglycemia in the differential diagnosis, obtaining an emergent noncontrast head computer tomography scan in a patient with stroke-like symptoms, and rapid blood pressure management.

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"Cardiovascular disease." In Oxford Handbook of Nutrition and Dietetics, edited by Joan Webster-Gandy, Angela Madden, and Michelle Holdsworth, 465–86. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199585823.003.0023.

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Classification, prevalence, and contributing causes 466 Cardioprotective diet 470 Familial hypercholesterolaemia 474 Heart failure 476 Refsum's disease 477 Stroke/cerebrovascular accident 478 Hypertension 484 Peripheral arterial disease 486 Cardiovascular disease (CVD) includes the following. • Coronary heart disease: narrowing of the lumen of arteries supplying blood to the heart muscle as a result of atheromatous plaque on the arterial walls. This limits the blood supply to the heart muscle causing pain (angina) and breathlessness on exertion. Damaged plaque leads to a clotting response, which may result in a thrombus detaching from the artery wall and occluding the lumen with subsequent heart muscle death (myocardial infarction)....

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Cohen-Inbar, Or. "Stroke/Cerebrovascular Accidents." In Textbook of Focused Neurosurgery, 405. Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd., 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp/books/12911_24.

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Eckman, Theodore G., and Jianguo Cheng. "Brain Infarction (Thalamus and Brainstem)." In Neuropathic Pain, edited by Justin F. Averna, Alexander Bautista, George C. Chang Chien, and Michael Saulino, 185–92. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190298357.003.0021.

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Central post-stroke pain (CPSP) is a central neuropathic pain condition resulting from lesions of a prior cerebrovascular accident (CVA) mainly affecting the spinothalamocortical tract. About 5%–10% of patients with CVAs develop CPSP. The pain is thought to be secondary to a complex interaction of central disinhibition, central sensitization, and an imbalance of stimuli, although the exact mechanism remains unknown. The pain is located within and associated with sensory dysfunction in a region affected by a prior CVA lesion. The pain is often described as burning, stabbing, and sharp. Allodynia, hyperalgesia, and evoked dysesthesia appear to be major clinical findings for this condition. There are no specific diagnostic criteria for CPSP, and treatment is often difficult. Medications such as tricyclic antidepressants and anticonvulsants are often used. Motor cortex stimulation and deep brain stimulation are active areas of research and offer hope that additional treatment modalities may be identified.

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