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Journal articles on the topic 'Cervical ectopia cordis'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 7 June 2025

Last updated: 17 July 2025

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1

Rahman, Md Hamidur, Mahmuda Hassan, Kona Chowdhury, and Abdul Quddus. "Ectopia Cordis." Journal of Nepal Paediatric Society 36, no. 2 (2016): 184–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnps.v36i2.14807.

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Ectopia Cordis is a rare congenital anomaly characterized by partial or complete displacement of the heart outside the thoracic cavity. Usually ectopiacordis is associated with other multiple anomalies and intra cardiac defects. The five main ectopic positions are adjacent to the thorax approximately 60%, abdominal is 15-30%, thoraco-abdominal is 7-18%, cervical is about 3% and least is the cervicothoracic. We are reporting a case of ectopiacordis of abdominal type. This is the first reported abdominal ectopia cordis case in Bangladesh.

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2

Caliskan, N., E. Forrez, N. Van Roy, and S. Roels. "Abdominal ectopia cordis in an aborted calf without chromosomal aberrations." Vlaams Diergeneeskundig Tijdschrift 90, no. 4 (2021): 178–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.21825/vdt.v90i4.20710.

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Ectopia cordis is a rare congenital heart disease characterized by partial or complete displacement of the heart out of the thoracic cavity. Apart from cattle, the condition has also been described in humans and is frequently associated with Cantrell’s pentalogy. It is classified into five types: cervical, cervicothoracic, thoracic, abdominal and thoracoabdominal. The prognosis is poor and ectopia cordis may be linked to the presence of unbalanced chromosome alterations. In this report, a case of abdominal ectopia cordis is described in an aborted calf, in which no unbalanced structural chromosomal variants could be identified.

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3

Jezek, J., A. Domanjko Petric, T. Paller, and J. Staric. "Cervical ectopia cordis in a calf: a case report." Veterinární Medicína 61, No. 4 (2016): 224–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/8824-vetmed.

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4

García-Muñoz, Iván, Efrén Flores-Álvarez, Javier González-Peña, Miguel Ángel Chagolla-Santillán, Iliana Acevedo-Bañuelos, and Elena Rocha-Peña. "Ectopia Cordis: reporte de un caso." Lux Médica 10, no. 30 (2015): 43–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.33064/30lm2015757.

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La ectopia cordis es una posición anómala en la cual el corazón se ubica de forma parcial o total fuera de la cavidad torácica. Su tasa de incidencia es extremadamente baja, representa el 0.5% de las cardiopatías de tipo congénito. El corazón puede ubicarse en la región cervical, torácica, abdominal o torácico-abdominal. El pronóstico a corto plazo es malo debido a las malformaciones asociadas. Presentamos el caso de una paciente recién nacida, a quien se le diagnosticó malformación congénita cardíaca de tipo ectopia cordis desde la gestación, al nacimiento se confirmó un defecto del tipo torácico con exposición total de la masa cardiaca. LUXMÉDICA AÑO 10, NÚ- MERO 30, MAYO-AGOSTO 2015, PP 43-47

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5

Hiraga, T., M. Abe, K. Iwasa, K. Takehana, and A. Tanigaki. "Cervico-pectoral Ectopia Cordis in Two Holstein Calves." Veterinary Pathology 30, no. 6 (1993): 529–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030098589303000606.

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Two Holstein calves affected with cervico-pectoral ectopia cordis, a male (No. 1) delivered stillborn and a female (No. 2) died 1 hour after birth, were examined macroscopically and radiographically to assess the severity and elucidate the teratogenesis of the anomaly. The heart of one calf was covered by the intact pericardium and skin and displaced to the caudalmost portion of the ventrocervical region, just cranial to an enlarged thoracic inlet. The cranial vena cava and the vena azygos were duplicated. The sternum was bilaterally divided into two parts fused only at the xyphoid process and was semicircular. The heart of the other calf, covered solely by the pericardium, was exposed ventrally from an oval opening in the body wall just cranial to a defective Y-shaped sternum. In both calves, the arterial branching pattern from the aortic arch was intermediate between the patterns of the dog and pig, and in each case a single pulmonary vein emptied into the left atrium. Pronounced or slight torticollis, cleft palate, and abnormalities in the urogenital system were also found. From an embryological perspective, cervical and pectoral ectopia cordis have a common pathogenesis; the cervical type occurs at a slightly earlier fetal stage than the pectoral type.

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6

HIRAGA, Takeo, and Mitsuo ABE. "Eight calves of cervical ectopia cordis and their sternums." Japanese Journal of Veterinary Science 48, no. 6 (1986): 1199–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1292/jvms1939.48.1199.

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7

Silva, Letícia Ledo, Emanuelly Ledo Silva, Caroline Medeiros Carminatti, Marcos Felipe Teodoro Braga, and Augusto Castelli von Atzingen. "Ectopia cordis e suas especificidades atualmente: uma revisão literária integrativa." Cuadernos de Educación y Desarrollo 16, no. 12 Edição Especial (2024): e6460. https://doi.org/10.55905/cuadv16n12-009.

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Introdução: A Ectopia cordis (EC) é uma doença congênita rara em que o coração se encontra fora da cavidade torácica, total ou parcialmente. Essa é diagnosticada durante o período pré-natal, sendo a cirurgia após o nascimento o tratamento padrão ouro. Objetivos: Realizar uma revisão na literatura sobre a patologia e mecanismos da Ectopia cordis, sua forma de diagnóstico e tratamento. Metodologia: Esta revisão integrativa utiliza-se de artigos gratuitos publicados, entre 2020 e 2024, pelas bases de dados da Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde e PUBMED e dos seguintes Descritores em Ciências da Saúde (DeCS): “Cardiopatias Congênitas”; “Coração”; “Ectopia cordis”. Revisão de literatura: Não existe um consenso sobre a causa da EC. Esta pode ser subdivida em 4 tipos: torácica, abdominal, toracoabdominal e cervical, dependendo de onde o coração encontra-se, sendo a toracoabdominal geralmente associada à Pentalogia de Cantrell. A interrupção da gravidez é permitida nesta condição, cabendo aos pais e médicos decidirem o melhor. Conclusão: Ressalta-se que estudos multicêntricos são indispensáveis para compreensão acerca da etiologia da EC. As formas de tratamento e prognóstico dependem da extensão e gravidade da malformação. Menciona-se a importância do acompanhamento pré-natal rigoroso e a realização dos exames.

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8

UCHIYAMA, Daishi, Reiichiro SATO, Ken ONDA, et al. "Holstein Dairy Cow Surviving Long-Term with Cervical Ectopia Cordis." Journal of the Japan Veterinary Medical Association 67, no. 6 (2014): 405–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.12935/jvma.67.405.

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9

Muhammad, Umar Nisar, Sikander Samer, Akhtar Nadeem, Atanasova Maria-Desislava, and Inkov Ivan. "Pentalogy of Cantrell or Cantrell Syndrome: One in a million disease." International Journal of Medical Reviews and Case Reports 3, no. 7 (2019): 482–85. https://doi.org/10.5455/IJMRCR.Pantalogy-Cantrell-Cantrell-Syndrome.

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Introduction: Pentalogy of Cantrell (PS) or Cantrell Sydrome (CS), first described by Cantrell in 1958, is a rare congenital anomaly characterized by defect in lower sternum, anterior abdominal wall defect, defect in anterior diaphragm, ectopia cordis and congenital heart disease. Case Report: A 12 hours female neonate born to full term primigravida was reffered to us with her heart lying outside the chest and an omphalocele as well. Baby had complete thoracic ectopia cordis, midline anterior thoraco-abdominal wall defect through with liver was protruding which was covered by a membrane. Sternum lower to ectopia cordis was not palpable.Echocardiography showed ASD, VSD ,pulmonary and infundibular stenosis. Child was refered to pediatric cardiac surgeon but died after 36 hours of life. Discussion: Pentalogy of Cantrell (PC) is a rare congential malformation with great variation in expression. Etiology is unkown but defective development of lateral mesoderm with poor differentiation, proliferation and migration during 14-18 days of embryonic life is suggested to be responsible for this anomaly. Other organ system involvement like cleft lip, cleft palate, craniorachischisis, gall bladder agenesis, renal agenesis, adrenal hypoplasia, bladder extrophy, undescended testes, inguinal hernia, polysplenia, club feet, absent tibia, absent radius and hypodactyly have also been reported in literatue. Three types of PC has been described, Class I in which all the five defects are present. Class II has four defects with intracardiac and abdominal defects as essential components. Class III is incomplete disease expression having combination of various defects with sternal defect as an essential component. Early diagnosis with antenatal ultrasound is possible. Ectopia cordis can be partial or complete and its location may be cervical, thoracic, thoraco-abdominal and abdominal. Management of PC is challenging and multidisciplinary. Aim of management is to have a complete survey of other congenital anomalies and closure of defects as early as possible. Overall prognosis is not good. Prognosis depends on type of PC, position of ectopia cordis and intracaridac defects. Conclusion: Pentalogy of Cantrell is a rare condition with high morbidity and mortality. antenatal ultrasound is helpful in early diagnosis. Child must be delivered in a tertiary care hospital where all the facilities are available. Early intervention to cover the exposed organs is necessary to avoid organ injury.

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10

Saleena, Resheed, and Annie Varghese Riby. "A Review of Fetal Ectopia Cordis." Research and Reviews: Neonatal and Pediatric Nursing 3, no. 1 (2025): 36–41. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14776664.

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<em>Fetal ectopia cordis is a rare and complex congenital anomaly that carries a high mortality rate. Prenatal diagnosis and multidisciplinary management are crucial for optimizing outcomes. Further research is needed to improve our understanding of this condition and to develop effective management strategies.</em>

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11

Kosovtsova, Elena V., Alexandr V. Pozdnyakov, Nikolay G. Pilyugov, Alexey B. Naumov, and Sergey P. Marchenko. "The modern methods of X-Ray based diagnostic in cases of ectopia cordis associated with pentalogy of Cantrell." Pediatrician (St. Petersburg) 8, no. 4 (2017): 92–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/ped8492-98.

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Pentalogy of Cantrell with ectopia cordis is an extremely rare and lethal congenital anomaly included congenital hearth disease (CHD), midline supraumbilical abdominal wall defect, defect of lower sternum part, deficiency of the anterior diaphragm, a defect in the diaphragmatic pericardium. The complexity of this syndrome is usually incompatible with life. Depending on the location of the protruding heart and on the extent of the body wall defect, ectopia cordis may be grouped into cervical, thoracic, thoracoabdominal, or abdominal types. The heart mostly uncovered, covered with a serous membrane less often, and covered with skin rare. Depending on combination defects pentalogy of Cantrell classified for 3 different classes by Toyama (classified in 1972): 1 class – complete syndrome (all five defects), 2 class – probable syndrome (included intracardial defect and ventral abdominal wall defect) 3 class – incomplete syndrome (with various combinations of defects present, including a sternal abnormality). Presented clinical case newborn pentalogy of Cantrell first Toyama class. We used X-Ray for firstly diagnostic, for visualization CHD was performed CT. For postnatal diagnostic CHD are used Echo and CT. CT allows graphically to see the type of CHD and predict a surgical treatment. The strategy of surgical treatment and further prognose are depend on combination of anomalies within the framework of pentalogy of Cantrell. By CT we determined atresia of the pulmonary artery with major aorto-pulmonary collateral arteries (MAPCA), ventricular and atrial septal defects.

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12

Windberger, Ursula, G. Forstenpointner, F. Grabenwöger, et al. "Cardiac Function, Morphology and Chromosomal Aberrations in a Calf with Ectopia Cordis Cervicalis." Journal of Veterinary Medicine Series A 39, no. 1-10 (1992): 759–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0442.1992.tb00241.x.

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13

Gopal, T., H. W. Leipold, and S. M. Dennis. "Congenital cardiac defects in calves." American Journal of Veterinary Research 47, no. 5 (1986): 1120–21. https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.1986.47.05.1120.

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SUMMARY In a 14-year study of calves with cardiac defects, 36 had 78 congenital cardiac defects: ectopia cordia cervicalis (n = 10 defects), common aortic trunk (n = 3 defects), dextraposed aorta (n = 8 defects), duplicated major trunks (n = 1 defect), hypoplastic aorta (n = 2 defects), interventricular septal defect (n = 11), interatrial septal defect (n = 2), left ventricular hypoplasia (n = 10), patent ductus arteriosus (n = 5), patent foramen ovale (n = 5), right ventricular hypoplasia (n = 10), cor triloculare biatriatum (n = 1), endocardial fibroelastosis with calcification (n = 3), and valvular hematomas (n = 7). All septal defects were high in location and ranged from 5 to 35 mm in diameter. One calf with a septal defect also had bilateral microphthalmia.

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14

Nógrádi, Antal, and András Szabó. "Transplantation of embryonic neurones to replace missing spinal motoneurones." Restorative Neurology and Neuroscience 26, no. 2-3 (2008): 215–23. https://doi.org/10.3233/rnn-2008-00447.

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Loss of spinal motoneurones results in severe functional impairment. The most successful way to replace missing motoneurones is the use of embryonic postmitotic motoneurone grafts. It has been shown that grafted motoneurones survive, differentiate and integrate into the host cord. If grafted motoneurones are provided with a suitable conduit for axonal regeneration (e.g. a reimplanted ventral root) the grafted cells are able to grow their axons along the whole length of the peripheral nerves to reach muscles in the limb and restore function. Grafted motoneurones show excellent survival in motoneurone-depleted adult host cords, but the developing spinal cord appears to be an unfavourable environment for these cells. The long term survival and maturation of the grafted neurones are dependent on the availability of a nerve conduit and one or more target muscles, no matter whether these are ectopic nerve-muscle implants or limb muscles in their original place. Thus, grafted and host motoneurones induce functional recovery of the denervated limb muscles when their axons regenerate into an avulsed and reimplanted ventral root. On the other hand, motoneurone-enriched embryonic grafts placed into a hemisection cavity in the cervical spinal cord induce axonal regeneration from great numbers of host motoneurones, possibly by the bridging effect of the grafts. In this case the regenerating host motoneurones reinnervate their original target muscles while the graft provides few axons for the reinnervation of muscles. These results suggest that reconstruction of the injured spinal cord with embryonic motoneurone-enriched spinal cord graft is a feasible method to improve severe functional motor deficits.

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15

Sheth, Megha M., Yashpal R. Rana, Meet Patel, et al. "A RARE CASE OF COMPLETE ECTOPIA CORDIS WITH COMPLEX CONGENITAL CARDIAC ANOMALIES." PARIPEX INDIAN JOURNAL OF RESEARCH, November 15, 2020, 77–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.36106/paripex/6709843.

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Ectopia cordis is a very rare form of congenital malformation in which the heart is located outside the thorax, partially or totally. This abnormally located heart may be found in different anatomical locations, such as thoracic, abdominal, thoraco-abdominal, cervical or cervicothoracic. In majority, the heart projects outside the chest through a breach in sternum. This unique rare case report presents a male infant born at a peripheral hospital which was later referred to out tertiary care cardiac research institute. In our case thoracic ectopia was associated with complex cardiac anomalies. The baby had good APGAR scores at birth. The baby died 10 days after birth as a result of cardiac failure and septicaemia.

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16

Mithilesh, Arumulla, Hira Muhammed, Yugandhar Samireddypalle, and Nanditha Jangamreddy. "Ectopia Cordis with Omphalocele in First Trimester Pregnancy: A Case Report of Incomplete Type of Pentalogy of Cantrell." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ANATOMY RADIOLOGY AND SURGERY, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.7860/ijars/2024/71423.3017.

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Ectopia Cordis (EC) is a rare congenital malformation in which the heart is located partially or totally outside the thoracic cavity. It results from the failure of migration of the lateral mesoderm into the midline. The four main ectopic positions are cervical, thoracic, thoracoabdominal and abdominal. EC can manifest as an isolated deformity or as part of a broader group of ventral body wall defects affecting the abdomen, thorax, or both. Pentalogy of Cantrell is a well known association that comprises EC, omphalocele (typically supraumbilical), congenital diaphragmatic hernia, sternal cleft and congenital heart disease. A 27-year-old primigravida came for a routine antenatal ultrasound at 13 weeks of gestation. There was no family history of congenital anomalies, genetic abnormalities, or exposure to teratogenic agents. The ultrasound showed a single foetus corresponding to 13 weeks of gestation with an anterior thoracic defect and an extrathoracic heart, along with partial herniation of the liver near the midline in the epigastric region. These findings were confirmed by foetal Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). An unfavourable prognosis for the foetus was explained to the parents, and medical termination of pregnancy was performed. Therefore, prenatal ultrasonographic diagnosis of EC should be followed by a thorough search for associated defects, as the prognosis may vary.

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17

AYDIN, Didar, Kürşat ÖZER, Özlem GÜZEL, et al. "Ectopia Cordis Cervicalis and Its Surgical Treatment in A Holstein Calf." Kafkas Universitesi Veteriner Fakultesi Dergisi, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.9775/kvfd.2013.10254.

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