Academic literature on the topic 'Cervical nerve stimulation'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Cervical nerve stimulation.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Journal articles on the topic "Cervical nerve stimulation"
1
Janes, R. D., D. E. Johnstone, J. C. Brandys, and J. A. Armour. "Functional and anatomical variability of canine cardiac sympathetic efferent pathways: implications for regional denervation of the left ventricle." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 64, no. 7 (July 1, 1986): 958–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y86-165.
Full textAbstract:
To further elucidate the functional anatomy of canine cardiac innervation as well as to assess the feasibility of producing regional left ventricular sympathetic denervation, the chronotropic and (or) regional left ventricular inotropic responses produced by stellate or middle cervical ganglion stimulation were investigated in 22 dogs before and after sectioning of individual major cardiopulmonary or cardiac nerves. Sectioning the right or left subclavian ansae abolished all cardiac responses produced by ipsilateral stellate ganglion stimulation. Sectioning a major sympathetic cardiopulmonary nerve, other than the right interganglionic nerve, usually reduced, but seldom abolished, regional inotropic responses elicited by ipsilateral middle cervical ganglion stimulation. Sectioning the dorsal mediastinal cardiac nerves consistently abolished the left ventricular inotropic responses elicited by right middle cervical ganglion stimulation but minimally affected those elicited by left middle cervical ganglion stimulation. In contrast, cutting the left lateral cardiac nerve decreased the inotropic responses in lateral and posterior left ventricular segments elicited by left middle cervical ganglion stimulation but had little effect on the inotropic responses produced by right middle cervical ganglion stimulation. In addition, the ventral mediastinal cardiac nerve was found to be a significant sympathetic efferent pathway from the left-sided ganglia to the left ventricle. These results indicate that (i) the stellate ganglia project axons to the heart via the subclavian ansae and thus effective sympathetic decentralization can be produced by cutting the subclavian ansae; (ii) the right-sided cardiac sympathetic efferent innervation of the left ventricle converges intrapericardially in the dorsal mediastinal cardiac nerves; and (iii) the left-sided cardiac sympathetic efferent innervation of the left ventricle diverges to innervate the left ventricle by a number of nerves including the dorsal mediastinal, ventral mediastinal, and left lateral cardiac nerves. Thus consistent denervation of a region of the left ventricle can not be accomplished by sectioning an individual cardiopulmonary or cardiac nerve because of the functional and anatomical variability of the neural components in each nerve, as well as the fact that overlapping regions of the left ventricle are innervated by these different nerves.
2
Furukawa, Y., Y. Hoyano, and S. Chiba. "Parasympathetic inhibition of sympathetic effects on sinus rate in anesthetized dogs." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 271, no. 1 (July 1, 1996): H44—H50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1996.271.1.h44.
Full textAbstract:
The intracardiac parasympathetic neural elements that control sinus rate are found in the fatty tissue overlying the atrial junctions of the right pulmonary veins of mammalian hearts. We refer to these nerves as the sinus rate-related parasympathetic nerves (SRRPN). Thus, to elucidate the role of SRRPN, we studied the effects of cervical vagus stimulation on the positive chronotropic responses to cardiac sympathetic nerve stimulation and isoproterenol infusion before and after the SRRPN were removed in the open-chest anesthetized dog heart. Before SRRPN denervation, cervical vagus stimulation suppressed the sinus rate and the positive chronotropic response to sympathetic nerve stimulation or isoproterenol infusion. After SRRPN denervation, cervical vagus stimulation hardly decreased the sinus rate. On the other hand, even after SRRPN denervation, cervical vagus stimulation suppressed the rate increased by sympathetic stimulation. Cervical vagus stimulation also attenuated the sinus rate increased by isoproterenol. The inhibition by vagus stimulation of the chronotropic response to sympathetic stimulation was greater than that of the response to isoproterenol. The attenuation by cervical vagus stimulation was abolished by atropine. These results suggest that 1) a small number of vagus nerves to the sinoatrial nodal area different from the SRRPN decrease the sinus rate increased by adrenergic interventions and 2) the same activation that causes relatively small effects on sinus rate is capable of causing much larger changes in sinus rate during increased sympathetic tone or in the case of beta-adrenoceptor agonist treatment in the heart in situ.
3
Dylewska, K., G. Sahin, and J. G. Widdicombe. "Asymmetric reflex responses of the nasal and tracheal vasculatures of the dog." Journal of Applied Physiology 75, no. 5 (November 1, 1993): 2157–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1993.75.5.2157.
Full textAbstract:
Both sides of the nasal vasculature of the dog in vivo were perfused separately, with measurement of vascular resistance responses to stimulation of various nerves. Stimulation of the central end of a cut superior laryngeal nerve caused an ipsilateral vasodilation (-4.98%) and a contralateral vasoconstriction (+3.96%), the difference being statistically significant (P < 0.01). Stimulation of a glossopharyngeal nerve caused vasodilation on both sides, the ipsilateral (-17.52%) being greater than the contralateral (-6.33%) response (P < 0.05). Mechanical stimulation of the nasal mucosa caused little ipsilateral change (+0.47%) and a weak contralateral vasoconstriction (+3.78%; P < 0.01). Stimulation of the central end of a cervical vagus nerve caused vasodilations on both sides, the ipsilateral (-9.75%) being greater than the contralateral (-5.73%) change (P < 0.05). With bilateral perfusions of the cervical tracheal arteries, stimulation of a superior laryngeal nerve caused vasodilation on both sides, the ipsilateral (-10.1%) being greater than the contralateral (-7.4%) response (P < 0.05). Stimulation of the central end of a vagus nerve caused vasoconstrictions on both the sides, the ipsilateral (+37.4%) being greater than the contralateral (+10.8%) change (P < 0.05). Thus various nervous inputs from the nose, pharynx, larynx, and vagal distribution cause asymmetric vascular responses both in the nose and in the cervical trachea.
4
Padmanaban, Varun, Russell Payne, Karen Corbani, Sheena Corl, and Elias B. Rizk. "Phrenic Nerve Stimulator Placement via the Cervical Approach: Technique and Anatomic Considerations." Operative Neurosurgery 21, no. 3 (March 2, 2021): E215—E220. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ons/opab047.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract BACKGROUND Diaphragmatic pacing via phrenic nerve stimulation can help improve breathing and facilitate mechanical ventilation weaning in patients with respiratory failure secondary to brainstem injury, high cervical spinal cord injury, or congenital central hypoventilation. Devices can be placed utilizing several techniques; however, nuances regarding placement are not well published. OBJECTIVE To describe our experience with phrenic nerve stimulator placement via the cervical approach with a focus on surgical anatomy, variations, and technique. METHODS Placement of phrenic nerve stimulator via a cervical approach is described in detail. RESULTS Successful placement of phrenic nerve stimulator without complication. CONCLUSION The cervical approach for the placement of a phrenic nerve stimulator is a safe and effective option for patients. Detailed knowledge of anatomy and anatomic variations is required. Potential advantages and disadvantages are discussed.
5
Hertelendy, Zsolt I., DG Patel, and Kenneth A. Skau. "Progressive and concurrent deterioration of vagus-stimulated and hypoglycemia-induced glucagon secretion in streptozotocin-diabetic rats." Acta Endocrinologica 126, no. 1 (January 1992): 80–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/acta.0.1260080.
Full textAbstract:
The effects of left cervical vagus nerve stimulation on glucagon secretion were studied in streptozotocin-diabetic and age-matched control adult male rats. At two-week intervals, after the induction of streptozotocin-diabetes, streptozotocin-diabetic and age-matched control rats were anesthetized with chloral hydrate (350 mg/kg, ip). Left cervical vagus nerves were electrically stimulated via a Grass stimulator with 5-volt monophasic pulses of 3 msec duration at a frequency of 20 Hz for 1, 2, and 4 min. Arginine-induced glucagon secretion was also determined. Vagus nerve-stimulated (2 and 4 min) glucagon secretion deteriorated as the duration of streptozotocin-diabetes increased. Glucagon secretion in response to vagus nerve stimulation was virtually absent by 12 weeks of streptozotocin-diabetes. However, arginine-induced glucagon secretion was unaffected. Subsequent experiments showed that the defect in glucagon secretion from vagal stimulation occurred concurrently with that seen from insulin-induced hypoglycemia. These results indicate that the impaired hypoglycemia-induced glucagon secretion in long-term streptozotocin-diabetic rats may be correlated with the deterioration of the parasympathetic nervous system transmission in streptozotocin-diabetes.
6
Schirmer, Clemens M., Jay L. Shils, Jeffrey E. Arle, G. Rees Cosgrove, Peter K. Dempsey, Edward Tarlov, Stephan Kim, et al. "Heuristic map of myotomal innervation in humans using direct intraoperative nerve root stimulation." Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine 15, no. 1 (July 2011): 64–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2011.2.spine1068.
Full textAbstract:
Object Considerable overlap exists in nerve root innervation of various muscles. Knowledge of myotomal innervation is essential for the interpretation of neurological examination findings and neurosurgical decision-making. Previous studies relied on cadaveric dissections, animal studies, and cases with anomalous anatomy. This study investigates the myotomal innervation patterns of cervical and lumbar nerve roots through in vivo stimulation during surgeries for spinal decompression. Methods Patients undergoing cervical and lumbar surgeries in which nerve roots were exposed in the normal course of surgery were included in the study. Electromyography electrodes were placed in the muscle groups that are generally accepted to be innervated by the roots under study. These locations included levels above and below the spinal levels undergoing decompression. After decompression, a unipolar neural stimulator probe was placed directly on the nerve root sleeve and constant current stimulation in increments of 0.1 mA was performed. Current was raised until at least a 100 μV amplitude–triggered electromyographic response was noted in 1 or more muscles. All muscles that responded were recorded. Results A total of 2295 nerve root locations in 129 patients (mean age 57 ± 15 years, 47 female [36%]) were stimulated, and 1589 stimulations met quality criteria and were analyzed. Four hundred ninety-five stimulations were performed on roots contributing to the cervical and brachial plexus from C-3 to T-1 (31.2%), and 1094 (68.8%) were roots in the lumbosacral plexus between L-1 and S-2. The authors were able to construct a statistical map of the contributions of each cervical and lumbosacral nerve root for the set of muscle groups monitored in the protocol. In many cases the range of muscles innervated by a specific root was broader than previously described in textbooks. Conclusions This is the largest data set of direct intraoperative nerve root stimulations during decompressive surgery, demonstrating the relative contribution of root-level motor input to various muscle groups. Compared with classic neuroanatomy, a significant number of roots innervate a broader range of muscles than expected, which may account for the variability of presentation between patients with identical number and location of compressed roots.
7
Eastwood, P. R., J. A. Panizza, D. R. Hillman, and K. E. Finucane. "Application of a cervical stimulating apparatus for bilateral transcutaneous phrenic nerve stimulation." Journal of Applied Physiology 79, no. 2 (August 1, 1995): 632–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1995.79.2.632.
Full textAbstract:
Transcutaneous bilateral phrenic nerve stimulation (tPNS) is frequently used to assess diaphragmatic function in humans. Commonly, stimulation is performed with hand-held electrodes; however, these are unsuitable for studies requiring repeated PNS and where recruitment of rib cage and neck muscles may shift the probes in relation to the nerves. In this study we describe the design of a cervical neck brace and electrode probes that maintain stimulating electrodes in constant position relative to the phrenic nerves and facilitates studies requiring repeated maximal PNS. The effectiveness of the apparatus was examined by 1) reviewing the reproducibility of the transdiaphragmatic pressure response to 0.1 ms tPNS (PdiT) at relaxed functional residual capacity in four subjects studied on 25 +/- 8 (SD) occasions (> or = 24 h apart) over a 4-yr period, and 2) measuring peak-to-peak amplitude of the left and right diaphragmatic compound muscle action potentials (surface electrodes) during two prolonged studies (38 +/- 9 min) in each subject, when tPNS was performed during repeated submaximal and maximal inspiratory efforts. PdiT was reproducible in each subject when measured repeatedly within a single study [coefficient of variation (CV) of 3.8 +/- 0.8%] and over separate days (CV of 11.5 +/- 3.5%). The peak-to-peak amplitudes of the left and right compound muscle action potentials were also reproducible (CV of 8.4 +/- 4.3 and 8.4 +/- 2.9%, respectively) and independent of the degree of effort. The apparatus appears effective for the maintenance of maximal stimulation under varied conditions for long periods and provides reproducible measurements of PdiT both within and between studies.
8
Nonis, Romain, Kevin D’Ostilio, Jean Schoenen, and Delphine Magis. "Evidence of activation of vagal afferents by non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation: An electrophysiological study in healthy volunteers." Cephalalgia 37, no. 13 (June 26, 2017): 1285–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0333102417717470.
Full textAbstract:
Background Benefits of cervical non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation (nVNS) devices have been shown in episodic cluster headache and preliminarily suggested in migraine, but direct evidence of vagus nerve activation using such devices is lacking. Vagal somatosensory evoked potentials (vSEPs) associated with vagal afferent activation have been reported for invasive vagus nerve stimulation (iVNS) and non-invasive auricular vagal stimulation. Here, we aimed to show and characterise vSEPs for cervical nVNS. Methods vSEPs were recorded for 12 healthy volunteers who received nVNS over the cervical vagus nerve, bipolar electrode/DS7A stimulation over the inner tragus, and nVNS over the sternocleidomastoid (SCM) muscle. We measured peak-to-peak amplitudes (P1-N1), wave latencies, and N1 area under the curve. Results P1-N1 vSEPs were observed for cervical nVNS (11/12) and auricular stimulation (9/12), with latencies similar to those described previously, whereas SCM stimulation revealed only a muscle artefact with a much longer latency. A dose-response analysis showed that cervical nVNS elicited a clear vSEP response in more than 80% of the participants using an intensity of 15 V. Conclusion Cervical nVNS can activate vagal afferent fibres, as evidenced by the recording of far-field vSEPs similar to those seen with iVNS and non-invasive auricular stimulation.
9
Donegà, Matteo, Cathrine T. Fjordbakk, Joseph Kirk, David M. Sokal, Isha Gupta, Gerald E. Hunsberger, Abbe Crawford, et al. "Human-relevant near-organ neuromodulation of the immune system via the splenic nerve." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 20 (May 10, 2021): e2025428118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2025428118.
Full textAbstract:
Neuromodulation of immune function by stimulating the autonomic connections to the spleen has been demonstrated in rodent models. Consequently, neuroimmune modulation has been proposed as a new therapeutic strategy for the treatment of inflammatory conditions. However, demonstration of the translation of these immunomodulatory mechanisms in anatomically and physiologically relevant models is still lacking. Additionally, translational models are required to identify stimulation parameters that can be transferred to clinical applications of bioelectronic medicines. Here, we performed neuroanatomical and functional comparison of the mouse, rat, pig, and human splenic nerve using in vivo and ex vivo preparations. The pig was identified as a more suitable model of the human splenic innervation. Using functional electrophysiology, we developed a clinically relevant marker of splenic nerve engagement through stimulation-dependent reversible reduction in local blood flow. Translation of immunomodulatory mechanisms were then assessed using pig splenocytes and two models of acute inflammation in anesthetized pigs. The pig splenic nerve was shown to locally release noradrenaline upon stimulation, which was able to modulate cytokine production by pig splenocytes. Splenic nerve stimulation was found to promote cardiovascular protection as well as cytokine modulation in a high- and a low-dose lipopolysaccharide model, respectively. Importantly, splenic nerve–induced cytokine modulation was reproduced by stimulating the efferent trunk of the cervical vagus nerve. This work demonstrates that immune responses can be modulated by stimulation of spleen-targeted autonomic nerves in translational species and identifies splenic nerve stimulation parameters and biomarkers that are directly applicable to humans due to anatomical and electrophysiological similarities.
10
Bose, Bikash, Anthony K. Sestokas, and Daniel M. Schwartz. "Neurophysiological detection of iatrogenic C-5 nerve deficit during anterior cervical spinal surgery." Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine 6, no. 5 (May 2007): 381–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/spi.2007.6.5.381.
Full textAbstract:
Object The incidence of postoperative C-5 spinal nerve root palsy following decompressive cervical spinal surgery has been reported to be as high as 12% for anterior procedures and 30% for posterior procedures. The present study was conducted to document the prevalence of iatrogenic C-5 nerve root deficit during anterior cervical spinal surgery, as well as to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of intraoperative transcranial electrical stimulation (TES)–induced motor evoked potentials (MEPs) and spontaneous electromyographic (EMG) activity for identifying evolving C-5 nerve root impairment. Methods The authors conducted a retrospective study of 238 consecutive anterior cervical spinal procedures performed by a single surgeon at Christiana Care Hospital within a 48-month period. Techniques used to monitor spinal nerve root function included TES-induced MEPs and spontaneous EMG activity from deltoid, biceps, triceps, wrist extensor, and hand intrinsic muscles innervated by the C5–T1 spinal nerve roots. Spinal cord function was monitored by recording TES-induced MEPs from upper- and lower-extremity muscles as well as somatosensory evoked potentials from stimulation of the ulnar and posterior tibial nerves. Conclusions Transcranial electrical stimulation–induced MEPs and spontaneous EMG activity offer complementary information about evolving iatrogenic C-5 spinal nerve root impairment during anterior cervical spinal surgery. The TES-induced MEPs provide prognostic information and show increased sensitivity to C-5 deficit compared with spontaneous EMG activity alone. Monitoring of spinal nerve root function using only EMG activity carries a risk of false-negative findings; without timely warning of impending neurological impairment, timely intervention to prevent permanent deficit cannot occur.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Cervical nerve stimulation"
1
Hammer, Niels, Juliane Glätzner, Christine Feja, Christian Kühne, Jürgen Meixensbeger, Uwe Planitzer, Stefan Schleifenbaum, Bernhard N. Tillmann, and Dirk Winkler. "Human vagus nerve branching in the cervical region." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-161409.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Vagus nerve stimulation is increasingly applied to treat epilepsy, psychiatric conditions and potentially chronic heart failure. After implanting vagus nerve electrodes to the cervical vagus nerve, side effects such as voice alterations and dyspnea or missing therapeutic effects are observed at different frequencies. Cervical vagus nerve branching might partly be responsible for these effects. However, vagus nerve branching has not yet been described in the context of vagus nerve stimulation. Materials and methods: Branching of the cervical vagus nerve was investigated macroscopically in 35 body donors (66 cervical sides) in the carotid sheath. After X-ray imaging for determining the vertebral levels of cervical vagus nerve branching, samples were removed to confirm histologically the nerve and to calculate cervical vagus nerve diameters and cross-sections. Results: Cervical vagus nerve branching was observed in 29%of all cases (26% unilaterally, 3% bilaterally) and proven histologically in all cases. Right-sided branching (22%) was more common than left-sided branching (12%) and occurred on the level of the fourth and fifth vertebra on the left and on the level of the second to fifth vertebra on the right side. Vagus nerves without branching were significantly larger than vagus nerves with branches, concerning their diameters (4.79mm vs. 3.78mm) and cross-sections (7.24 mm2 vs. 5.28mm2). Discussion: Cervical vagus nerve branching is considerably more frequent than described previously. The side-dependent differences of vagus nerve branching may be linked to the asymmetric effects of the vagus nerve. Cervical vagus nerve branching should be taken into account when identifying main trunk of the vagus nerve for implanting electrodes to minimize potential side effects or lacking therapeutic benefits of vagus nerve stimulation.
2
Meyers, Erin Elizabeth. "Afferent vs. efferent cervical vagal nerve stimulation: effects on blood glucose, insulin, and glucagon concentrations in rats." Thesis, University of Iowa, 2016. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/3144.
Full textAbstract:
Cervical vagal nerve stimulation (VNS) has been studied in the context of several conditions including epilepsy and depression. However, its effects on glucose metabolism, and its potentially beneficial effects in type II diabetes, have not yet been evaluated in humans. Efferent parasympathetic activation reduces hepatic glucose release and increases pancreatic insulin secretion, while afferent parasympathetic activation may increase hepatic glucose release and inhibit insulin secretion potentially through sympathetic activation. Thus, the effect of combined afferent and efferent cervical VNS is difficult to predict. We hypothesized that selective efferent VNS would decrease blood glucose concentration [Glu] and that selective afferent VNS would increase [Glu].
To investigate these potentially contrasting effects of efferent vs. afferent parasympathetic signaling, we recorded [Glu] and serum insulin and glucagon levels before and during 120 min of VNS in anesthetized rats. The nerve was left intact for combined afferent and efferent VNS (n=9) or sectioned proximal or distal from the stimulation electrode for selective efferent (n=8) of afferent (n=7) VNS, respectively.
We found that afferent VNS caused a strong and sustained increase in [Glu] (+108.9±20.9% or +77.6±15.4% after 120 min of combined afferent and efferent VNS or selective afferent VNS) that was not accompanied by an increase in serum insulin concentration. Combined afferent and efferent VNS significantly increased serum glucagon concentration (57.6±23.4% at 120 min of VNS), while selective afferent VNS did not increase glucagon levels. Conversely, selective efferent VNS increased [Glu] only temporarily (+28.8±11.7% at 30 min of VNS). This response coincided with a transient increase in serum glucagon concentration at 30 min of VNS (31.6±8.3%) and a strong and sustained increase in serum insulin concentration (+71.2±27.0% after 120 min of VNS).
These findings demonstrate that afferent VNS may increase [Glu] by suppressing pancreatic insulin release, while efferent VNS transiently increases [Glu] by stimulating glucagon secretion before reducing levels to or below baseline values by stimulating the release of insulin. Thus, selective efferent VNS may be potentially effective in the treatment of type II diabetes.
3
"The Effects of Cervical Nerve Stimulation (CNS) on Fall Risk." Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.53827.
Full textAbstract:
abstract: Every year, 3 million older people are treated for fall injuries, and nearly 800,000 are hospitalized, many of which due to head injuries or hip fractures. In 2015 alone, Medicare and Medicaid paid nearly 75% of the $50 Billion in medical costs generated by falls. As the US population continues to age, more adults are beginning to deal with movement related disorders, and the need to be able to detect and mitigate these risks is becoming more necessary. Classical metrics of fall risk can capture static stability, but recent advancements have yielded new metrics to analyze balance and stability during movement, such as the Maximum Lyapunov Exponent (MLE). Much work has been devoted to characterizing gait, but little has explored novel way to reduce fall risk with interventional therapy. Targeting certain cranial nerves using electrical stimulation has shown potential for treatment of movement disorders such as Parkinson’s Disease (PD) in certain animal models. For human models, based on ease of access, connection to afferents leading to the lower lumber region and key brain regions, as well as general parasympathetic response, targeting the cervical nerves may have a more significant effect on balance and posture. This project explored the effects of transcutaneous Cervical Nerve Stimulation (CNS) on posture stability and gait with the practical application of ultimately applying this treatment to fall risk populations. Data was collected on each of the 31 healthy adults (22.3 ± 6.3 yrs) both pre and post stimulation for metrics representative of fall risk such as postural stability both eyes open and closed, Timed-Up-and-Go (TUG) time, gait velocity, and MLE. Significant differences manifested in the postural stability sub-metric of sway area with subject eyes open in the active stimulation group. The additional 8 metrics and sub-metrics did not show statistically significant differences among the active or sham groups. It is reasonable to conclude that transcutaneous CNS does not significantly affect fall risk metrics in healthy adults. This can potentially be attributed to either the stimulation method chosen, internal brain control mechanisms of posture and balance, analysis methods, and the Yerkes-Dodson law of optimal arousal. However, no adverse events were reported in the active group and thus is a safe therapy option for future experimentation.Dissertation/Thesis
Masters Thesis Biomedical Engineering 2019
4
Sadeghlo, Bita. "Design of a Peripheral Nerve Electrode for Improved Neural Recording of the Cervical Vagus Nerve." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/42914.
Full textAbstract:
Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is an approved therapy for patients suffering from refractory epilepsy. While VNS is currently an open loop system, making the system closed loop can improve the therapeutic efficacy. Electrical recording of peripheral nerve activity using a nerve cuff electrode is a potential long-term solution for implementing a closed-loop controlled VNS system. However, the clinical utility of this approach is significantly limited by various factors, such as poor signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the recorded electroneurogram (ENG). In this study, we investigated the effects of (1) modifying the electrode contact dimensions, (2) implementing an external shielding layer on the nerve cuff electrode and (3) exploring shielded bipolar nerve cuff designs on the recorded ENG. Findings from both computer simulations and animal experiments suggest that significant improvements in peripheral nerve
recordings can be achieved.
5
(9178664), Maria I. Muzquiz, and Ivette M. Muzquiz (9178658). "Reversible Nerve Conduction Block Using Low Frequency Alternating Currents." Thesis, 2020.
Find full textAbstract:
This thesis describes a novel method to reversibly and safely block nerve conduction using a low frequency alternating current (LFAC) waveform at 1 Hz applied through a bipolar extrafascicular electrode. This work follows up on observations made on excised mammalian peripheral nerves and earthworm nerve cords. An in-situ electrophysiology setup was used to assess the LFACwaveform on propagating action potentials (APs) within the cervical vagus nerve in anaesthetized Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 12). Two sets of bipolar cuff or hook electrodes were applied unilaterally to the cervical vagus nerve, which was crushed rostral to the electrodes to exclude reflex effects
on the animal. Pulse stimulation was applied to the rostral electrode, while the LFAC conditioning waveform was applied to the caudal electrode. The efferent volley, if unblocked, elicits acute bradycardia and hypotension. The degree of block of the vagal stimulation induced bradycardia
was used as a biomarker. Block was assessed by the ability to reduce the bradycardic drive by monitoring the heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) during LFAC alone, LFAC with vagal stimulation, and vagal stimulation alone. LFAC applied via a hook electrode (n = 7) achieved 86.6 +/- 11% block at current levels 95 +/- 38 uAp (current to peak). When applied via a cuff electrode (n = 5) 85.3 +/- 4.60% block was achieved using current levels of 110 +/- 65 uAp. Furthermore, LFAC was explored on larger vagal afferent fibers in larger human sized nerve bundles projecting to effects mediated by a reflex. The effectiveness of LFAC was assessed in an in-situ electrophysiological setup on the left cervical vagus in anaesthetized domestic swine (n = 5). Two bipolar cuff electrodes were applied unilaterally to the cervical vagus nerve, which was crushed caudal to the electrodes to eliminate cardiac effects. A tripolar extrafascicular cuff electrode was placed most rostral on the nerve for recording of propagating APs induced by
electrical stimulation and blocked via the LFAC waveform.
Standard pulse stimulation was applied to the left cervical vagus to induce the Hering-Breuer reflex. If unblocked, the activation of the Hering-Breuer reflex would cause breathing to slow down and potentially cease. Block was quantified by the ability to reduce the effect of the Hering-Breuer
reflex by monitoring the breathing rate during LFAC alone, LFAC and vagal stimulation, and vagal stimulation alone. LFAC achieved 87.2 +/- 8.8% (n = 5) block at current levels of 0.8 +/- 0.3 mAp. Compound nerve action potentials (CNAP) were monitored directly. They show changes
in nerve activity during LFAC, which manifests itself as the slowing and amplitude reduction of components of the CNAPs. Since the waveform is balanced, all forward reactions are reversed, leading to a blocking method that is similar in nature to DC block without the potential issues of
toxic byproduct production. These results suggest that LFAC can achieve a high degree of nerve block in both small and large nerve bundles, resulting in the change in behavior of a biomarker, in-vivo in the mammalian nervous system at low amplitudes of electrical stimulation that are within the water window of the electrode.
Books on the topic "Cervical nerve stimulation"
1
Mills, Kerry R. Disorders of single nerves, roots, and plexuses. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199688395.003.0021.
Full textAbstract:
The role of electromyography (EMG) and nerve conduction studies in disorders of single nerve, root, and plexus lesions are discussed. The motor and sensory anatomy underpinning diagnosis is described and a scheme presented showing the key muscles to be examined using EMG to differentiate nerve, plexus, and root lesions. The main causes of mononeuritis multiplex, of either axonal degeneration or demyelinative pathology, are covered, including diabetic neuropathy, vasculitic neuropathy, multifocal motor neuropathy with block, and the Lewis–Sumner syndrome. The confirmatory role of EMG and nerve conduction studies in the investigation of cervical and lumbar radiculopathies is highlighted as is the use of transcranial magnetic stimulation to differentiate cervical radiculopathy with myelopathy from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. The neurophysiological hallmarks of traumatic cervical plexus lesions, including obstetric causes, inherited and acquired brachial neuritis, hereditary liability to pressure palsies, the cervical rib syndrome, and radiation plexopathy are also covered.
2
McClenahan, Maureen F., and William Beckman. Pain Management Techniques. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190217518.003.0011.
Full textAbstract:
This chapter provides a broad review of various interventional pain management procedures with a focus on indications, anatomy, and complications. Specific techniques reviewed include transforaminal epidural steroid injection, lumbar sympathetic block, stellate ganglion block, cervical and lumbar radiofrequency ablation, gasserian ganglion block, sacroiliac joint injection, celiac plexus block, lateral femoral cutaneous nerve block, ilioinguinal block, lumbar medial branch block, obturator nerve block, ankle block, occipital nerve block, superior hypogastric plexus block, spinal cord stimulation, and intrathecal drug delivery systems. The chapter reviews contrast agents, neurolytic agents, botulinum toxin use, corticosteroids, and ziconotide pharmacology and side effects in addition to diagnosis and management of local anesthetic toxicity syndrome. It also discusses indications for neurosurgical techniques including dorsal root entry zone lesioning. In addition, information on radiation safety and the use of anticoagulants with neuraxial blocks is covered.
3
Moore, Michael R., and Ehab Farag. Unstable Cervical Spine and Airway Management. Edited by David E. Traul and Irene P. Osborn. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190850036.003.0012.
Full textAbstract:
In patients with cervical myelopathy, the spinal cord is already compromised to a point at which there is little reserve for surgical maneuvers and the slightest adverse action can result in dramatic consequences. Awake fiberoptic intubation and neurological assessment before induction of anesthesia could be the safest way to avoid waking up the patient before proceeding with surgery in the case of absent motor evoke potentials (MEPs) in spite of increasing the stimulating voltage together with increasing the rate of stimulating pulses. Hypotension is an additional factor, which may lead to irreversible neurologic deficit in a partially compressed but functionally intact spinal cord. Intraoperative neurophysiologic monitoring for cervical myelopathy should include somatosensory evoked potentials, transcranial electric MEPs, and electromyography to provide complementary information and monitor different spinal cord tracts and individual nerve roots.
Book chapters on the topic "Cervical nerve stimulation"
1
Rosenow, Joshua M. "Peripheral Nerve Stimulation—Cervical Syndromes." In Integrating Pain Treatment into Your Spine Practice, 191–97. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-27796-7_17.
Full text
2
Tsui, Ban C. H. "Cervical Plexus Blocks." In Pediatric Atlas of Ultrasound- and Nerve Stimulation-Guided Regional Anesthesia, 241–54. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-79964-3_16.
Full text
3
Nielsen, Thomas N., Johannes J. Struijk, and Cristian Sevcencu. "Stimulation Waveforms for the Selective Activation of Baroreceptor Nerve Fibers in the Cervical Vagus Nerve." In Converging Clinical and Engineering Research on Neurorehabilitation II, 995–99. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-46669-9_161.
Full text
4
Passatore, M., G. M. Filippi, and C. Grassi. "Cervical sympathetic nerve stimulation can induce an intrafusal muscle fibre contraction in the rabbit." In The Muscle Spindle, 221–26. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-07695-6_32.
Full text
5
Weiner, Richard L. "Occipital Neuralgia." In Pain Neurosurgery, 51–64. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190887674.003.0007.
Full textAbstract:
Patients with occipital neuralgia typically complain of intractable, posterior headaches. Prior attempts to treat this condition have traditionally consisted of various strategies to decompress or cut the greater occipital nerve. Some have even advocated the ablation of ganglia or cervical roots that give rise to the occipital nerve. However, such treatments are highly invasive, irreversible, and fraught with failure and complications. Modern strategies employing subcutaneous stimulation of the occipital nerve using linear stimulation arrays are quite effective and lower in invasiveness and risk. This chapter discusses the clinical hallmarks of occipital neuralgia and the technique by which these subcutaneous electrodes are implanted and utilized.
6
"Functional." In Congress of Neurological Surgeons Essent, edited by Ashwini D. Sharan, Ali Rezai, and Jorge F. Urquiaga, 1–25. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780197534342.003.0001.
Full textAbstract:
This chapter discusses pain, movement disorders, epilepsy, dystonia, and neuropsychiatric disorder. The first set of studies examines the efficacy of spinal cord stimulation in managing pain in patients with chronic back pain and extremity pain, chronic pain, and neuropathic pain. The second set of studies evaluates the efficacy of deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus for the management of severe motor complications of Parkinson’s disease and compares it with ablative options such as unilateral pallidotomy. The third set of studies assesses the therapeutic value of nerve stimulation for patients with refractory epilepsy as well as its impact in seizure reduction. The next study explores the safety and efficacy of bilateral globus pallidus pars interna (GPi) stimulation for cervical dystonia, a complex condition that is often refractory to multiple medical and procedural therapies. Finally, the last study determines whether daily left prefrontal repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) safely and effectively treats major depressive disorder.
Conference papers on the topic "Cervical nerve stimulation"
1
Gazi, Asim H., Srirakshaa Sundararaj, Anna B. Harrison, Nil Z. Gurel, Matthew T. Wittbrodt, Amit J. Shah, Viola Vaccarino, J. Douglas Bremner, and Omer T. Inan. "Transcutaneous Cervical Vagus Nerve Stimulation Lengthens Exhalation in the Context of Traumatic Stress." In 2021 IEEE EMBS International Conference on Biomedical and Health Informatics (BHI). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/bhi50953.2021.9508534.
Full text
2
Xie, Chu-hai, Kang-mei Kong, Ji-tian Guan, Ye-xi Chen, and Ren-hua Wu. "Functional MR Imaging of the Cervical Spinal cord by Use of 20Hz Functional Electrical Stimulation to Median Nerve." In 2007 29th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iembs.2007.4353059.
Full text
3
Deva, Anshuj, Sharmila Nageswaran, and S. Vidhya. "Assistive Device for Patients Having Spondylitis and Spondylosis." In 2017 Design of Medical Devices Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dmd2017-3428.
Full textAbstract:
Spondylitis is a very common back and neck ailment that is reported to account for one-third of social problems causing difficulty at work. It is caused due to the inflammation in vertebral joints. Its condition goes undetected until the symptoms, such as that of severe pain, develops. It causes stinging pain which is focused around cervical region of vertebra, the shoulders and the lumbar region of the spine. Accordingly, it is classified into three types: cervical, thoracic and lumbosacral spondylosis. This is different from spondylitis which causes pain due to inflammation. Many existing devices use electric current to bring relief from pain. Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) is one of the most commonly used devices in this aspect. However, though this has been able to bring effective results to its patients, there is a whole lot of controversy in conditions it should be used to treat. Studies have shown these devices to bring relief by suppressing the signals from the brain. They are not advised for patients with pacemakers or any kind of electronically powered implantable devices. They are less effective where the skin is numb or in places where there is decreased sensation. It depends entirely on the working of the nerve beneath the surface and may cause irritation on the skin if the current is too high. Moreover, these devices need to be avoided in area where infection is present. High precaution needs to be taken when working with epilepsy patients and pregnant women; the electrical stimulation can interfere with the fetus development. With such a wide range of drawbacks, there is a need for a mechanical solution which can redress these problems and provide an effective and ergonomic solution. Along with overcoming the present barriers, research has been done to demonstrate the positive effects of vibration in increase of bone density, increase of muscle mass, increase of blood circulation, reduced back pain, reduced joint pain and boost in metabolism. The given paper discusses a device wherein vibrational motors have been incorporated, under the control of a microcontroller, to generate the requisite g-force needed for the purpose of pain alleviation and increase of bone density.