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Journal articles on the topic 'Cervical spine dislocation'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2025
Last updated: 6 July 2025

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1

Vetrile, S. T., S. V. Yundin, A. I. Krupatkin, et al. "Condition of Vertebral Arteries in Experimental Modelling of Low Cervical Vertebrae Dislocation." N.N. Priorov Journal of Traumatology and Orthopedics 11, no. 1 (2004): 14–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/vto200411114-19.

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Condition of vertebral arteries in experimental modeling of cervical vertebrae dislocations at C3-C6 level was studied on 20 section-blocks of cervical spine. Vertebral arteries were contrasted and cervical block was fixed using external fixation device. Various types of dislocation and subluxation under X-ray control were produced. Thus, it was possible to observe dynamic picture of vertebral arteries deformation in traumatic cervical vertebrae dislocation. To confirm the results of angiography the cut up of frozen section-blocks in sagittal plane and in vertebral arteries projection as well as visual control (photography of vertebrae dislocation steps) were performed. Results of experimental study allowed to detect peculiarities of vertebral arteries deformations in cervical vertebrae dislocation and to determine the correlation between the degree of vertebrae dislocation and severity of extracranial vertebral artery deformation. It enables to predict the degree of hemodynamic disorders in the system of vertebral arteries, to determine the role of vascular factor in cervical spine injury and to use the differentional approach to the choice of treatment tactics using routine roentgenography.
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2

Barwar, Nilesh. "Spondyloptosis at Subaxial Cervical Spine with Minimal Neurological Compromise and Complete Recovery: A Rare Case Report." Journal of Orthopaedic Case Reports 12, no. 12 (2022): 118–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.13107/jocr.2022.v12.i12.3490.

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Introduction: Subaxial cervical spine (C3-7) injuries are among the most common and potentially most devastating injuries involving the axial skeleton. The treatment of fracture dislocations of the cervical spine still varies. Early operative treatment has gained increasing acceptance. This case report will discuss a case of subaxial cervical spine fracture dislocation and spondyloptosis with minimal neurological compromise and after reduction and stabilization, complete recovery of neurological functional was achieved. Case Report: A 26-year-old male patient presented to emergency department with history of road traffic accident with injury to his neck having complain of severe neck and shoulder pain and weakness in the right upper limb. On clinical and radiological evaluation, it was diagnosed a case of high-grade anterolisthesis C5 over C6 (spondyloptosis) with neurological compromise. Surgical intervention was done within 48 h with complete neurological recovery. Conclusion: Satisfactory clinical and good long-term outcome can be obtained in fracture dislocation of subaxial cervical spine by anterior approach, discectomy, and anterior cervical plating. Keywords: Subaxial spine, spondyloptosis, discectomy, cervical plating.
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3

Ermawan, Rieva, Pamudji Utomo, R. Andhi Prijosejati, and Fanny Indra Warman. "PATIENT SURVIVAL AFTER ANTERIOR APPROACH FOR CERVICAL CORRECTION AND STABILIZATION IN LOWER CERVICAL TRAUMA (FACET JOINT DISLOCATION): REPORT IN 2 CASES." Biomedika 13, no. 2 (2021): 169–75. https://doi.org/10.23917/biomedika.v13i2.13113.

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ABSTRAKDislokasi fecet cervical pasca trauma terjadi sekitar 6.7% dari cedera cervical spine. Dislokasi facet adalah bagian dari cedera cervical tipe fleksi atau distraksi. Cedera fleksi distraksi digambarkan sebagai pergeseran ke anterior dari korpus vertebra akibat tarikan atau pergeseran dari elemen posterior disertai dengan dislokasi atau fraktur faset. Sudah diketahui bahwa dislokasi faset akan merobek kompleks ligamen posterior dan kapsul faset dan memerlukan operasi stabilisasi sebagai terapi definitif. Ada banyak metode untuk stabilisasi dislokasi cervical. Kami melaporkan 2 pasien, keduanya didiagnosa dengan bilateral facet joint dislocation dari VC5-6 yang kami lakukan operasi anterior cervical discectomy dan fusion (ACDF) dengan hasil 5 bulan pasca operasi, pasien masih bertahan hidup dengan kondisi neurologis yang sama seperti sebelum operasi saat pasien datang ke rumah sakit. Keuntungan dari ACDF adalah durasi operasi yang pendek, nyeri paska operasi yang ringan sampai sedang, perdarahan yang sedikit, dan memberikan rasa nyaman untuk anestesi karena posisi opeerasi terlentang dengan pernapasan pasien yang abdominal. Kata Kunci: Dislokasi Faset Servikal,Dislokasi Sendi Faset Bilateral, Anterior Cervical Discectomy Fusion ABSTRACTTraumatic cervical facet dislocations represent 6.7% of substantial cervical spine injuries. Facet dislocations are part of a spectrum of cervical spine flexion / distraction - type injuries. Flexion distraction injuries are described as anterior displacement of the vertebral body due to tensile or shear failure of the posterior elements coupled with facet fractures or dislocations. It is agreed that bilateral facet dislocations (DF3) disrupt the posterior ligamentous complex and facet capsule and require operative stabilization as the definitive treatment. There are some methods to stabilized the dislocated cervical. We report 2 patient, both patients diagnosed with bilateral facet joint dislocation of VC5-6 that we perform anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) with result 5 months follow up, patient survive with neurologist condition same as patient come to hospital. The benefit of ACDF is short length of surgery, mild to moderate postoperative pain, minimal bleeding, and make easy for anesthesia due to supine position with abdominal respiration. Key Words: Cervical Facet Dislocation, Bilateral Facet Joint Dislocation, Anterior Cervical Discectomy Fusion.
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4

Das, Sunil Kumar, Arunkumar Sekar, Srinivas Jaidev, Ashis Patnaik, and Rabi Narayan Sahu. "Contiguous-Level Unilateral Cervical Spine Facet Dislocation—A Report of a Less Discussed Subtype." Journal of Neurosciences in Rural Practice 13, no. 01 (2022): 155–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1742135.

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AbstractUnilateral facet dislocation of subaxial cervical spine trauma is characterized by dislocation of inferior facet of superior vertebra over the superior facet of inferior vertebra. The injury is due to high-velocity trauma and associated with instability of spinal column. Such unilateral facet dislocations occurring at multiple adjacent levels for some reason are not reported or studied frequently. We have reported two cases of multiple-level dislocation of unilateral facets managed in our hospital with a review of available literature. The injury occurs as one side of the motion segment translates and rotates around an intact facet on the contralateral side. The major mechanism of injury is distractive flexion injury with axial rotation component. The injury is associated with instability secondary to loss of the discoligamentous complex. In cases with multiple-level dislocations of unilateral cervical facets, there are multiple mechanisms associated with significant neurological injury and most of them succumb at the site of injury. Only three other cases are available in English language literature. The neurological outcome is invariably poor. Multiple-level facet dislocations of subaxial cervical spine are reported sparsely in literature. We suspect that due to high-velocity nature of these injuries, most of them succumb soon after injury and not often reported. This article reports two cases of contiguous-level unilateral facet dislocation of subaxial cervical spine with associated injuries and the outcomes with review of literature.
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5

Satar, Abdul, Muhammad Zahid Khan, Mohammad Arif, Samir Kabir, and Ihsan Ullah. "PREOPERATIVE CLOSE REDUCTION OF CERVICAL FRACTURE DISLOCATIONS." International Journal of Advanced Research 10, no. 08 (2022): 685–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/15222.

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Study design: Retrospective study. Purpose: To determine Reduction rate of cervical fracture dislocations using preoperative gradual in hospital skull traction. Overview of literature: Cervical spine fracture dislocations are unstable injuries and require surgical intervention and stabilization. The approach may be anterior, posterior or combined. Majority of the surgeons prefer anterior approach after initial close reduction of cervical fracture dislocation. If close reduction preoperatively fails, then posterior direct reduction is needed followed by anterior surgery.In this study we intend to determine the rate of success (reduction) using preoperative gradual traction. Method: This retrospective study was conducted at Spine Unit Hayatabad Medical Complex and Aman hospital Peshawar. All patients with cervical fracture dislocations presented between Jan 2015 & Jan 2019, who underwent cervical traction prior to surgical interventions were included in the study. The demographics, types of dislocation, preoperative traction, duration and neurology of all patients were recorded. The success of reduction using closed in hospital gradual traction was assessed using lateral cervical spine x-rays. Data was assessed using SPSS version 20. Results: A total of 52 patients were included in the study with a mean age of 30.06 years (SD± 8.03). In 35(67.3%) patients the dislocation was bifacetal while in 17(32.7%) it was unifacetal. Successful reduction using gradual in hospital awake traction was achieved in 39(75%) patients while in 13(25%) patients reduction was not achieved. Mean duration of preoperative traction was 3.6 (SD±1.1) days with minimum 2 days and maximum 7 days. Conclusion: Gradual in hospital traction in awake patients is an effective mean of reducing cervical fracture dislocations.
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6

Vetrile, Stepan Timofeyevich, Aleksandr Ilyich Krupatkin, and Sergey Viktorovich Yundin. "SURGICAL TREATMENT OF CERVICAL SPINE INJURIES BY PRIMARY STABLE FIXATION WITH METAL CONSTRUCTIONS." Hirurgiâ pozvonočnika, no. 3 (September 12, 2006): 008–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.14531/ss2006.3.8-18.

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Objective. To study efficiency of primary stable metal constructions and halo-vest for lower cervical spine injuries. Material and Methods. Experience in surgical treatment of 62 patients with various injuries of lower cervical spine has been analyzed and summarized. The patients were grouped according to two main factors causing the injured spine dysfunction: dislocation damages (dislocations, fracture-dislocations), in which compression of neurovascular structures and disturbance of spine support ability are caused by vertebra dislocation; and vertebral body fractures (compression, compression-splintered) in which the compression and disturbance are arising from vertebral body destruction. In the first case a reduction of dislocated vertebra by various methods depending on the duration and rigidity of the injury was performed. In the second case a destroyed vertebral body was resected with subsequent stabilization. Results. The choice of surgical tactics with use of modern metal fixation devices was substantiated for treatment of lower cervical spine injuries. Indications for the application of anterior and posterior stabilizing constructions were determined considering a compression direction of neurovascular structures and a degree of destruction of the spine support columns. An algorithm of surgical treatment was suggested basing on a principle of damage reposition irrespective of injury duration. High efficiency of Halo-traction for treatment of lower cervical spine injuries was proved and its most effective application (combination with various methods of internal fixation) was determined. Conclusion. The application of primary stable metal devices in combination with halo fixation is a method of choice for treatment of lower cervical spine injuries.
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7

Protsenko, A. I., and V. A. Kalashnik. "Surgical treatment of acute cervical spine injuries." N.N. Priorov Journal of Traumatology and Orthopedics 1, no. 3 (1994): 13–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/vto105066.

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The study presents the analysis of surgical treatment efficiency of 330 patients with cervical spine injuries: 199 patients with dislocations, 89 with dislocation fractures, 22 with vertebral body fractures. Worked out treatment tactics with application of modified operative methods from anterior approach (open setting of dislocations and subdislocations followed by spondylodesis, replacement of vertebral body with osseous grafts or implants) enabled to obtain stable positive results in most of the patients as well as to shorten the treatment course duration due to active rehabilitation of patients.
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8

Akhaddar, Ali, and Mohamed Boucetta. "Dislocation of the Cervical Spine." New England Journal of Medicine 362, no. 20 (2010): 1920. http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/nejmicm0908013.

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9

Gao, Zhong-Ya, Wei-Lin Peng, Yang Li, and Xu-Hua Lu. "Hounsfield units in assessing bone mineral density in ankylosing spondylitis patients with cervical fracture-dislocation." World Journal of Clinical Cases 12, no. 23 (2024): 5329–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.12998/wjcc.v12.i23.5329.

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BACKGROUND Cervical spine fracture-dislocations in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) are mostly unstable and require surgery. However, osteoporosis, one of the comorbidities for AS, could lead to detrimental prognoses. There are few accurate assessments of bone mineral density in AS patients. AIM To analyze Hounsfield units (HUs) for assessing bone mineral density in AS patients with cervical fracture-dislocation. METHODS The HUs from C2 to C7 of 51 patients obtained from computed tomography (CT) scans and three-dimensional reconstruction of the cervical spine were independently assessed by two trained spinal surgeons and statistically analyzed. Inter-reader reliability and agreement were assessed by interclass correlation coefficient. RESULTS The HUs decreased gradually from C2 to C7. The mean values of the left and right levels were significantly higher than those in the middle. Among the 51 patients, 25 patients (49.02%) may be diagnosed with osteoporosis, and 16 patients (31.37%) may be diagnosed with osteopenia. CONCLUSION The HUs obtained by cervical spine CT are feasible for assessing bone mineral density with excellent agreement in AS patients with cervical fracture-dislocation.
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10

Li, Dan, Ke Wang, Chao Dong, Bo Zhou, Lin Gu, and Haoran Yang. "Finite element analysis of the biomechanical effects of anterior and posterior cervical fusion surgery for bilateral cervical dislocation." Molecular & Cellular Biomechanics 21 (May 8, 2024): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.62617/mcb.v21.133.

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Lower cervical spine injuries often manifest as lower cervical vertebral fractures and dislocations, as well as lower cervical facet joint dislocations. Especially in cases of bilateral facet joint dislocations, it is important to rapidly and effectively relieve spinal cord and nerve root compression to prevent secondary spinal cord injury, while also providing reliable and long-lasting stability to the injured segment after surgery. Combined anterior and posterior approaches have the advantages of both pure anterior or posterior approaches, but the actual situation is complex and variable, making systematic theoretical analysis crucial. This study, with bilateral facet joint dislocation of the C6 segment and cervical spinal cord injury as the research background, established a three-dimensional model of the cervical spine C3-C7 after implementing four types of anterior-posterior combined surgeries. The four surgical approaches consist of four combinations: anterior parallel or inclined screw placement combined with posterior Margel or Anderson method screw insertion. Through finite element method, a systematic comparative analysis of the theoretical effects of the four combined surgeries in treating bilateral facet joint dislocation of the cervical spine was conducted. The conclusion was that the variations in the four combined fixation methods have a certain impact on the biomechanical characteristics of the intervertebral disc nucleus. There is a clear mutual influence relationship among anterior and posterior fixation instruments. Based on the model used in this study, it is recommended to use a torque greater than 2.1 nm to tighten the locking nut of the posterior rod to ensure reliable internal fixation.
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11

Daniel, Porcelli, Rodriguez Lisandro, and Nin Fernando. "Atlantoaxial Subluxation with Atlas and Hangman's Fractures: A Case Report." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCE AND CLINICAL RESEARCH STUDIES 03, no. 09 (2023): 1945–48. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8355622.

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Combined dislocation and fracture of the upper cervical spine in adults is a rare condition that may result in devastating consequences. With the increase in road traffic accidents and the improvement in prehospital emergency care, serious injuries of the upper cervical spine are more frequently diagnosed at tertiary care centers. We report a case of a 19-year-old adolescent with dislocation-fracture of the upper cervical spine following a moderate-energy trauma. With early diagnosis and treatment, the patient showed good progress without major complications and 24-month follow-up.
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12

Edeiken-Monroe, B., LK Wagner, and JH Harris. "Hyperextension dislocation of the cervical spine." American Journal of Roentgenology 146, no. 4 (1986): 803–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2214/ajr.146.4.803.

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13

Krishnan, Prasad, and Nabanita Ghosh. "Laryngeal dislocation during cervical spine surgery." Journal of Craniovertebral Junction and Spine 11, no. 1 (2020): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jcvjs.jcvjs_107_19.

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14

Caird, Michelle S., Sudheer Reddy, Theodore J. Ganley, and Denis S. Drummond. "Cervical Spine Fracture-Dislocation Birth Injury." Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics 25, no. 4 (2005): 484–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.bpo.0000158006.61294.ff.

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15

Reindl, Rudy, Jean Ouellet, Edward J. Harvey, Greg Berry, and Vincent Arlet. "Anterior Reduction for Cervical Spine Dislocation." Spine 31, no. 6 (2006): 648–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.brs.0000202811.03476.a0.

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16

Simrod, Eric. "Hyperextension dislocation of the cervical spine." Journal of Emergency Medicine 5, no. 1 (1987): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0736-4679(87)90015-1.

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17

Michel, J., J. Feras, and L. M. Joly. "An undetected cervical spine dislocation fracture." Annales françaises de médecine d’urgence 15, no. 1 (2025): 00. https://doi.org/10.1684/afmu.2025.0632.

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18

Deora, Harsh, Suyash Singh, Jayesh Sardhara, and Sanjay Behari. "A 360-Degree Surgical Approach for Correction of Cervical Kyphosis and Atlantoaxial Dislocation in the Case of Larsen Syndrome." Journal of Neurosciences in Rural Practice 11, no. 01 (2020): 196–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-3402624.

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AbstractLarsen syndrome is chronic debilitating disease that presents with multiple joint dislocations and severely affects the cervical spine in the form of cervical kyphosis and atlantoaxial dislocation. Children usually present in early with a myriad of deficits, compressive myelopathy being the most common. In addition to a bony compression, there is sometimes a soft tissue component, which is seldom addressed. We present here a case of atlantoaxial dislocation with cervical kyphosis due to Larsen syndrome, and along with our previous experience on syndromic atlantoaxial dislocations, we try to define an algorithm for the treatment approach of these onerous challenges. The importance of early intervention is also emphasized with a literature review of similar cases. In addition to the obvious physical damage, early intervention can also avoid the more sinister socioeconomic face of this debilitating disease.
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19

Ordonez, Bernardo J., Edward C. Benzel, Sait Naderi, and Simcha J. Weller. "Cervical facet dislocation: techniques for ventral reduction and stabilization." Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine 92, no. 1 (2000): 18–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/spi.2000.92.1.0018.

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Object. To demonstrate the safety and utility of one surgical approach, the authors reviewed their experience with the ventral surgical approach for decompression, reduction, and stabilization in 10 patients with either unilateral or bilateral cervical facet dislocation. Methods. Six patients presented with unilateral cervical facet dislocation and four patients with bilateral cervical facet dislocation. There were six male and four female patients who ranged in age from 17 to 72 years (average 37.1 years). The level of facet dislocation was C4–5 in one, C5–6 in four, and C6–7 in five patients. Three patients presented with a complete spinal cord injury (SCI), three patients with an incomplete SCI, three with radicular symptoms or myeloradiculopathy, and one patient was neurologically intact. All patients underwent plain radiography, magnetic resonance imaging, and computerized tomography evaluation of the cervical spine. All patients had sustained significant ligamentous injury with minimum or no bone disruption. All patients underwent ventral decompressive surgery, reduction of the dislocation, and stabilization of the cervical spine. Techniques for performing ventral reduction of unilateral or bilateral cervical facet dislocation are described. Decompression, reduction, and stabilization of the cervical spine via the ventral approach was accomplished in all but one patient. This patient underwent a ventral decompressive procedure and an attempt at ventral reduction and subsequent dorsal reduction and fusion in which a lateral mass screw plate fixation system was used; this was followed by ventral placement of instrumentation and fusion. There were no surgery-related complications. Postoperative neurological status was unchanged in four patients and improved in six patients. No patient experienced neurological deterioration after undergoing this surgical approach. Conclusions. The authors conclude that a ventral surgical decompression, reduction, and stabilization procedure provides a safe and effective alternative for the treatment of patients with unilateral or bilateral cervical facet dislocation without significant bone disruption.
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20

Moiseenko, Vladimir Alekseyevich, and Sergey Valeryevich Arzhanukhin. "BONE REGENERATION AFTER HALO-TRACTION FOR ATLANTO-AXIAL TRAUMATIC DISLOCATION." Hirurgiâ pozvonočnika, no. 3 (August 23, 2005): 033–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.14531/ss2005.3.33-38.

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Objectives. To analyze the outcomes of halo-traction for treatment of the upper cervical spine injuries. Materials and Methods. The outcomes of treatment of 354 patients with the trauma of the cervical spine were analyzed. Out of them 150 patients had injuries of С1–С2 (42,4 %). Bipolar halo-traction was used for treatment of fresh, old and neglected injuries with fragment dislocations in the upper cervical spine. Clinical, radiological and CT examinations of the cervical spine were performed. Results. Bipolar halo-traction was performed in 31 out of 59 patients with transdental dislocations, in 14 out of 26 patients with traumatic spondylolisthesis, and in 9 out of 13 patients with multifocal disorders. Monopolar halo-traction was used in 3 out of 7 patients with С1 Jefferson fractures. Satisfactory results were achieved in 47 out of 48 patients treated by halo-traction. The treatment has failed in one patient with a false joint of the dens and atlanto-axial instability. Conclusions. Bipolar halo-traction is effective for acute monofocal or multifocal injuries of the cervical spine, and for pathological course of bone regeneration after fractures of the upper cervical vertebrae.
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21

Guo, Xinhu, and Hongquan Ji. "Management of Tracheal Perforation following Anterior Cervical Spine Surgery: Report of Two Cases and Review of the Literature." Case Reports in Orthopedics 2022 (April 5, 2022): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/1914642.

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Background. Tracheal perforation is a complication very rare but challenging that follows anterior cervical spine surgery. This article describes the management of tracheal perforation due to instrument failure after anterior cervical spine surgery performed in two patients because of fracture dislocation of the subaxial cervical spine. Case Presentation. Two patients who suffered from a subaxial cervical fracture and dislocation were subjected to anterior cervical spine surgery for fracture reduction and cervical fusion. However, instrumentation failure occurred in both patients, resulting in implant displacement and penetration into the posterior tracheal wall. Revision surgery consisted of fracture reduction, multilevel posterior fixation, and removal of the displaced anterior cervical implants. Tracheal perforation was bypassed by placing a tracheostomy tube in a caudal position for the diversion of the airflow and tracheal hygiene. The thorough debridement and drainage performed in both patients allowed a complete healing of the anterior wound in both of them, with no sign of infection or subcutaneous emphysema, as confirmed by postoperative CT scan and flexible bronchoscopy. Both patients acquired a solid fusion of the cervical spine at last follow-up (16 months and 24 months). Conclusions. The perforation of the trachea after anterior cervical spine surgery due to the displacement of the implants could be managed using posterior cervical instrumentation and fusion, the removal of the anterior implant, debridement and drainage, and the use of a distal bypassing tracheostomy tube.
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22

Liao, Shiyao, Erik Popp, Petra Hüttlin, et al. "Cadaveric study of movement in the unstable upper cervical spine during emergency management: tracheal intubation and cervical spine immobilisation—a study protocol for a prospective randomised crossover trial." BMJ Open 7, no. 8 (2017): e015307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2016-015307.

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IntroductionEmergency management of upper cervical spine injuries often requires cervical spine immobilisation and some critical patients also require airway management. The movement of cervical spine created by tracheal intubation and cervical spine immobilisation can potentially exacerbate cervical spinal cord injury. However, the evidence that previous studies have provided remains unclear, due to lack of a direct measurement technique for dural sac's space during dynamic processes. Our study will use myelography method and a wireless human motion tracker to characterise and compare the change of dural sac's space during tracheal intubations and cervical spine immobilisation in the presence of unstable upper cervical spine injury such as atlanto-occipital dislocation or type II odontoid fracture.Methods and analysisPerform laryngoscopy and intubation, video laryngoscope intubation, laryngeal tube insertion, fiberoptic intubation and cervical collar application on cadaveric models of unstable upper cervical spine injury such as atlanto-occipital dislocation or type II odontoid fracture. The change of dural sac's space and the motion of unstable cervical segment are recorded by video fluoroscopy with previously performing myelography, which enables us to directly measure dural sac's space. Simultaneously, the whole cervical spine motion is recorded at a wireless human motion tracker. The maximum dural sac compression and the maximum angulation and distraction of the injured segment are measured by reviewing fluoroscopic and myelography images.Ethics and disseminationThis study protocol has been approved by the Ethics Committee of the State Medical Association Rhineland-Palatinate, Mainz, Germany. The results will be published in relevant emergency journals and presented at relevant conferences.Trial registration numberDRKS00010499.
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23

Neha, Sharma, Dey Arijit, Tyagi Swati Swati, Pandit N. Jay, Prasad Kulbhushan, and Gupta K. Sudhir. "Long Drop Suicidal Hanging with Autopsy Finding of Cervical Spine Fracture: A Rare Case Report." Journal of Forensic Chemistry and Toxicology 4, no. 2 (2018): 105–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.21088/jfct.2454.9363.4218.6.

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Cervical fracture is a rare presentation in suicidal hanging but a common finding in judicial hanging where the person is dropped from a calculated height, resulting in fracture dislocation at the level of 2nd-3rd or 3rd-4th cervical vertebrae. In case of long drop hanging cervical fracture with or without dislocation is commonly found; possibly due toa greater tractional force due to longer height of suspension. We describe acase of an average built male weighing 72 kg who hanged himself by jumping off a roof top, with a drop length of 4.14m. On autopsy in addition to common findings of a hanging case, complete transection ofspinal cord and fracture dislocation of cervical vertebrae C2-C3 were found along with hematoma. In this case of long drop hanging, there was fracture of cervical spine with ligature knot being placed at sub-occipital position which is a rare autopsy finding.
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24

Adachi, Koichi, Hiroaki Konishi, Shinichiro Hara, et al. "Anterior Cervical Spine Fusion with ORION Anterior Cervical Plate for Dislocation-Fracture of Cervical spine." Orthopedics & Traumatology 49, no. 3 (2000): 787–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5035/nishiseisai.49.787.

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25

Bartels, Ronald H. M. A., and Roland Donk. "Delayed management of traumatic bilateral cervical facet dislocation: surgical strategy." Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine 97, no. 3 (2002): 362–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/spi.2002.97.3.0362.

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✓ Postinjury cervical spine instability typically requires surgical treatment in the acute or semiacute stage. The authors, however, report on three patients with older (> 8 weeks) untreated bilateral cervical facet dislocation. In two patients they attempted a classic anterior-posterior-anterior approach but failed. The misalignment in the second stage of the procedure could not be corrected, and they had to add a fourth, posterior, stage. To avoid the fourth stage, thereby reducing operating time and risk of neurological damage while turning the patient, they propose the following sequence: 1) a posterior approach to perform a complete facetectomy bilaterally with no attempt to reduce the dislocation; 2) an anterior microscopic discectomy with reduction of the dislocation and anterior fixation; and 3) posterior fixation. This sequence of procedures was successfully performed in the third patient. Based on this experience, they suggest that in cases of nonacute bilateral cervical facet dislocations the operating sequence should be posterior-anterior-posterior.
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26

Kim, Sung-Min, T. Jesse Lim, Josemaria Paterno, Jon Park, and Daniel H. Kim. "A biomechanical comparison of three surgical approaches in bilateral subaxial cervical facet dislocation." Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine 1, no. 1 (2004): 108–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/spi.2004.1.1.0108.

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Object. In bilateral cervical facet dislocation, biomechanical stabilities between anterior locking screw/plate fixation after anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDFP) and posterior transpedicular screw/rod fixation after anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDFTP) have not been compared using the human cadaver, although ACDFP has been performed frequently. In this study the stability of ACDFP, a posterior wiring procedure after ACDFP (ACDFPW), and ACDFTP for treatment of bilateral cervical facet dislocation were compared. Methods. Spines (C3—T1) from 10 human cadavers were tested in the intact state, and then after ACDFP, ACDFPW, and ACDFTP were performed. Intervertebral motion was measured using a video-based motion capture system. The range of motion (ROM) and neutral zone (NZ) were compared for each loading mode to a maximum of 2 Nm. The ROM for spines treated with ACDFP was below that of the intact spine in all loading modes, with statistical significance in flexion and extension, but NZs were decreased in flexion and extension and slightly increased in bending and axial rotation; none of these showed statistical significance. The ACDFPW produced statistically significant additional stability in axial rotation ROM and in flexion NZ than ACDFP. The ACDFTP provided better stability than ACDFP in bending and axial rotation, and better stability than ACDFPW in bending for both ROM and NZ. There was no significant difference in extension with either ROM or NZ for the three fixation methods. Conclusions. The spines treated with ACDFTP demonstrated the most effective stabilization, followed by those treated with ACDFPW, and then ACDFP. The spines receiving ACDFP also revealed a higher stability than the intact spine in most loading modes; thus ACDFP can also provide a relatively effective stabilization in bilateral cervical facet dislocation, but with the aid of a brace.
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27

Merom, Lior, Michael Soudry, and Nahum Rosenberg. "Low Friction Traction for Cervical Spine Dislocation." Open Journal of Clinical Diagnostics 05, no. 03 (2015): 117–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ojcd.2015.53019.

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28

Korres, D. S., P. J. Papagelopoulos, H. G. Petrou, et al. "Occult fracture-dislocation of the cervical spine." European Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery & Traumatology 9, no. 3 (1999): 195–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00542592.

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29

RORABECK, C. H., M. G. ROCK, R. J. HAWKINS, and R. B. BOURNE. "Unilateral Facet Dislocation of the Cervical Spine." Spine 12, no. 1 (1987): 23–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00007632-198701000-00004.

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30

Kiwerski, J. "Hyperextension-dislocation injuries of the cervical spine." Injury 24, no. 10 (1993): 674–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0020-1383(93)90319-2.

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31

Maiman, Dennis J., Giancarlo Barolat, and Sanford J. Larson. "Management of Bilateral Locked Facets of the Cervical Spine." Neurosurgery 18, no. 5 (1986): 542–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/00006123-198605000-00005.

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Abstract A total of 28 cases of cervical spine dislocation with bilateral locking of facets treated between 1976 and 1984 were analyzed to determine whether treatment modality had any effect on outcome based on cord or root function. Motor vehicle accidents were responsible for 19 cases; the most common levels of dislocation were C-5, C-6 and C-6, C-7, with 10 each. Twenty patients were admitted with complete myelopathies. Ten patients whose dislocations were successfully reduced with traction had no neurological changes, but 1 reduced elsewhere deteriorated from a C-5 to C-2 level. Eleven of these patients underwent posterior cervical fusions after delays of 1 to 17 days (mean = 6.3); 2 died, and 1 patient achieved slight root return. Seven underwent anterior decompression and fusion or combined anterior and posterior approaches after delays of 9 to 120 days. One patient died in the postoperative period, 1 had substantial recovery of cord function, and 5 had recovery of root function. There was no operation or improvement in 2 patients. Eight patients had incomplete myelopathies; 4 were initially reduced, with 2 improving slightly as a result. Three patients underwent posterior fusions with foraminotomies with minimal improvement. Five had anterior or combined approaches; these patients improved at least one neurological grade each, including 3 who became newly ambulatory. All 24 surviving patients achieved spinal stability, although it occurred slightly earlier in the anterior fusion groups. Surgical approaches designed to provide spinal stability and restore the normal anatomy of the spinal canal and neural foramina may be of functional benefit in the management of these dislocations.
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32

Wiktor, Łukasz, Ryszard Tomaszewski, and Karol Pethe. "Diagnosis and Treatment of Cervical Spine Fractures in Children." Ortopedia Traumatologia Rehabilitacja 26, no. 4 (2024): 143–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0054.8377.

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Background. Cervical spine injuries in children are relatively uncommon and account for approximately 1.5% of trauma admissions. The aim of our study was to determine the incidence and patterns of pediatric cervical spine fractures in a single Trauma Center over the last decade.Material and methods. The hospital’s medical database was queried for data from the period between January 2014 and December 2023. An initial search revealed that 511 patients had been hospitalized with neck injuries in that time frame. Among these records, we identified 24 patients with a fracture of the cervical spine. The inclusion criteria were: (1) age under 18 yo, (2) fracture of the cervical spine (3) follow-up of at least 6 months. A thorough analysis was performed, including injury mechanism, diagnosis, medical procedures and final outcome., A Neck Disability Index (NDI) was assessed for all patients at the six months’ follow-up visit to evaluate treatment outcomes.Results. The study group consisted of 14 boys and 10 girls aged 4.6 to 18 years (average age 14.2). We diagnosed one case of an isolated C1 fracture, six C2 fractures, two C4 fractures, two C5 fractures, two C7 fractures, and nine cases of multiple spinal fractures. Additionally, we diagnosed two cases of cervical spine dislocation: one of right-sided rotational dislocation of C6/C7 and one of complete dislocation of C2/C3. Eight patients were treated surgically by open reduction combined with anterior plate fixation. Four patients were treated using a halo vest. Eleven patients were treated conservatively: six using a Minerva orthosis, four with a cervical-thoracic orthosis, and one with a rigid cervical collar. The highest NDI values were encountered in the group of patients with concomitant intracerebral injury, where the mean value was 18.6/45 (12-26/45). The mean NDI score for the remaining patients was 4/45 (0 - 9/45).Conclusions. 1. The incidence of cervical spine fractures in children is low. 2. Most cervical spine injuries in children are treated conservatively with good outcomes. 3. Both conservative and surgical treatment of cervical spine fractures in children produces good results 4. Computed Tomography remains the gold standard for diagnosing cervical spine fractures in children. 5. The halo-vest in pediatric patients suffering from C2 fractures was well tolerated and provided good outcomes. 6. Surgical treatment of lower cervical fractures by open reduction with anterior fusion is efficient in terms of fusion status and patient satisfaction. 7. Prospective, randomized, multicenter studies are required to assess the epidemiology, methodology, and treatment effects of cervical spine fractures in children.
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Jabbar, Faisal Abdul, Abdul Ali Khan, and Rehana Ali Shah. "LOWER CERVICAL FRACTURE AND DISLOCATIONS." Professional Medical Journal 25, no. 02 (2018): 185–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2018.25.02.440.

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Objectives: The aim of our study is to determine the outcome of cervical pediclescrew fixation for fractures/dislocations of the cervical spine at our set up in Karachi, Pakistan.Study Design: A prospective case series. Period: 04 years duration from January 2013 toDecember 2016. Setting: Tertiary Care Centre in Karachi, Pakistan. Method: All the patientswho were included in the study signed a full informed consent. The inclusion criterion was allthe patients who cervical spine fracture/dislocation, presented to us within 24 hours of injuryand were operated at our set up. Data was collected in a predesigned proforma which includeda complete history and physical examination, age, gender, cause of injury, co morbidities, preoperativeradiological findings, past medical and surgical history. Serial X rays, MRI and CTscans were taken at 3, 6, 12 and 24 months post operatively for evaluation of stability, fusion andany complication such as deformity. The American Spinal Cord Injury Association impairmentscale was utilized in all the patients at follow ups to determine the sensory and motor functionimprovement post operatively. Data was analyzed using IBM SPSS for windows version 21.Results: The study population consisted of n= 40 patients of which n= 28 were male andn= 12 were female with a mean age of 45.2 years. The various types of injuries sustained bythe patients were as follows, n= 6 (15%) cases of cases had compression fractures (vertical),n=15 (37.5%) had flexion rotation injury and n=19 (47.5%) had flexion compression fracturesrespectively. While the division of bony injuries in the patient was as follows, n=5 (12.5%) hadcervical spinal burst fracture with dislocation, n= 15 (37.5%) patients had joint facet fracturewith dislocation bilaterally along with compression fracture of the vertebral body, n= 14 (35%)patients had facet joint fracture with dislocation bilaterally and n= 6 (15%) had unilateral fracturedislocation of joint facet. Complications such as injury to the vertebral artery, spinal cord, nerveroot were not observed in any of the patients in this series, all the patients achieved full bonyfusion at the 6 month follow up as observed on radiographic images. We also did not find anyincidence of screw penetration into the pedicle, similarly no incidence of screw breakage orloosening was observed. N=24 patients with incomplete injury of the spinal cord showedimprovements in their ASIA impairment scale, the patients n= 15 who had a complete spinalcord injury failed to show any improvement post operatively, but reported some decrease in painand numbness post operatively. Conclusion: For fractures/dislocations of the cervical spine thecervical pedicle screw is a reliable and effective method and provides good stability and bonyfusion. However the technique is dependent on surgeons experience and the extensive use ofpre-operative imaging to select the best insertion site of the screws as individualized for everypatient accordingly.
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34

Qu, Wei, Dingjun Hao, Qining Wu, Zongrang Song, and Jijun Liu. "Surgical treatment for irreducible pediatric subaxial cervical unilateral facet dislocation: case report." Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics 17, no. 5 (2016): 607–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2015.10.peds15351.

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Unilateral facet dislocation at the subaxial cervical spine (C3–7) in children younger than 8 years of age is rare. The authors describe a surgical approach for irreducible subaxial cervical unilateral facet dislocation (SCUFD) at C3–4 in a 5-year-old boy and present a literature review. A dorsal unilateral approach was applied, and a biodegradable plate was used for postreduction fixation without fusion after failed conservative treatment. There was complete resolution of symptoms and restored cervical stability. Two years after surgery, the patient had recovered range of motion in C3–4. In selected cases of cervical spine injury in young children, a biodegradable plate can maintain reduction until healing occurs, obviate the need to remove an implant, and recover the motion of the injured segment.
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35

Wilberger, James E., Adnan Abla, and Joseph C. Maroon. "Burning Hands Syndrome Revisited." Neurosurgery 19, no. 6 (1986): 1038–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/00006123-198612000-00025.

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Abstract The burning hands syndrome of spinal cord injury was first described in 1977. The syndrome is characterized by burning dysesthesias and paresthesias in the hands and may be associated with either cervical fracture/dislocation or no detectable cervical spine abnormalities. A case of burning hands syndrome without cervical spine injury is presented in which somatosensory evoked potentials and magnetic resonance imaging were used to delineate the pathophysiology of this syndrome.
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36

Zagorac, Slavisa, Aleksandar Lesic, Vesna Bumbasirevic, and Marko Bumbasirevic. "Overlooked dislocation of C6/C7 vertebra with minimal neurologic deficit." Acta chirurgica Iugoslavica 59, no. 3 (2012): 101–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/aci1203101z.

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The beginning of 21 century was marked by an enormous increase in the number of traffic accidents, which led to an increasing number of multiple injured patients with associated injuries, especially injuries of cervical spine, because of its anatomical features. Even in the era of modern diagnostic procedures, cervical spine injuries are still often overlooked, especially in multiple injured patients and unconscious patients, and the consequences of undiagnosed injuries can be fatal. Very often there are ligamentous lesions, which can be detected only by using NMR, while the osteoarticular lesions can be diagnosed through careful clinical examination, X-rays and CT scan. This paper presents the case of female in the middle age with initially missed injury of the lower cervical spine segments, sustained in a car accident as a driver, with excellent results of treatment and complete recovery.
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37

Saleh, Sara, Kyle I. Swanson, and Taryn Bragg. "Successful surgical repair and recovery in a 2-week-old infant after birth-related cervical fracture dislocation." Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics 21, no. 1 (2018): 16–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2017.7.peds17105.

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Cervical spine injuries are the most common spine injuries in the pediatric population. The authors present the youngest known patient who underwent cervical spine fusion to repair birth trauma–induced cervical fracture dislocation, resulting in spondyloptosis and spinal cord injury. A 2-week-old boy was found to have spondyloptosis and spinal cord injury after concerns arose from reduced movement of the extremities. The patient’s birth was complicated by undiagnosed abdominal dystocia, which led to cervical distraction injury. At 15 days of age, the boy underwent successful C-5 corpectomy, with anterior C4–6 and posterior C2–7 arthrodesis, using an autologous rib graft for a C-5 fracture dislocation. MRI performed 2 weeks postoperatively revealed significant improvement in the alignment of the spinal canal. The patient was discharged from the hospital in a custom Minerva brace and underwent close follow-up in addition to occupational therapy and physical therapy. At the latest follow-up 4.5 years later, the patient was able to walk and ride a tricycle by himself. The authors describe the patient’s surgery and the challenges faced in achieving successful repair and cervical spine stabilization in such a young patient. The authors suggest that significant neurological recovery after spinal cord injury in infants is possible with appropriate, timely, and interdisciplinary management.
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38

Nakayama, Tetsuo, and Shigeru Ehara. "Cervical vertebral injuries associated with the ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament: Imaging features." Acta Radiologica Open 6, no. 3 (2017): 205846011769585. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2058460117695855.

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Background Spinal injuries associated with ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) have been characterized. However, the imaging features of traumatic cervical spine fractures in patients with OPLL have not been assessed adequately. Purpose To characterize the patterns of traumatic cervical spine fractures associated with different types of OPLL. Material and Methods We retrospectively analyzed the patterns of fractures resulting from cervical spine injury in patients with OPLL of different types and assessed the fracture patterns in patients with ankylosed segments. Results Twenty-six patients (23 men, 3 women; median age, 67.0 years; age range, 43–87 years) were included. Fall from a height <3 m was the most common trauma. Contiguous type OPLL was seen in 11 patients (42%), segmental type in 11 (42%), and mixed type in four (15%). Four of the contiguous OPLL and one of the mixed OPLL patients had ankylosed segments. The incidence of cervical fractures was 69% (16/26): seven (64%) in contiguous OPLL, five (46%) in segmental OPLL, and in all four patients with mixed OPLL. Unilateral interfacetal fracture-dislocation was most common (4/16); the others were bilateral interfacetal fracture-dislocation, fractures through the ankylosed segment, transdiscal fractures, isolated facet fractures, and compression fractures. Cervical fractures were exclusively observed in the C4 to C7, except in one case occurred at the C2 level. Conclusion Interfacetal fracture-dislocation in the lower cervical vertebrae constitutes the most common injury resulting from minor trauma.
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39

Gideon, David E., and James C. Mulkey. "Unilateral interfacetal dislocation in the lower cervical spine." Journal of the American Osteopathic Association 88, no. 10 (1988): 1223–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jom-1988-881008.

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40

Charan, Rajat, Santosh Kumar, and Indrajeet Kumar. "MANAGEMENT OF FACET JOINT DISLOCATION OF CERVICAL SPINE." Journal of Evidence Based Medicine and Healthcare 4, no. 42 (2017): 2558–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.18410/jebmh/2017/507.

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41

Hadley, Mark N., Brian C. Fitzpatrick, Volker K. H. Sonntag, and Carol M. Browner. "Facet Fracture-Dislocation Injuries of the Cervical Spine." Neurosurgery 30, no. 5 (1992): 661–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006123-199205000-00001.

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42

Parent, Andrew D., H. Louis Harkey, Dale A. Touchstone, Edward E. Smith, and Robert R. Smith. "Lateral Cervical Spine Dislocation and Vertebral Artery Injury." Neurosurgery 31, no. 3 (1992): 501???509. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006123-199209000-00012.

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43

Hsu, Min-Yang, and Wei-Lung Tseng. "Cervical spine fracture dislocation with mild neurological deficits." BMJ Case Reports 18, no. 1 (2025): e263165. https://doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2024-263165.

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Cervical fracture dislocation often leads to neurological deficits, manifesting with sensory and motor symptoms, which may persist even after surgical intervention. We presented two cases with mild neurological deficits following such injuries. In Case 1, the patient presented with left-hand numbness 1 month after a car accident. Despite this, he exhibited full muscle power in all four limbs. Cervical spine MRI revealed a posterior column tear, facet fracture dislocation and spinal cord indentation at the C5/C6 level. The patient underwent open reduction with anterior and posterior fixation. After surgery, the patient was discharged without neurological deficits. In Case 2, the patient complained of mild right wrist extensor weakness and right shoulder muscle atrophy 2 months after a fall at work. Imaging studies revealed a locked facet at the right C6/C7 level. The patient underwent both anterior and posterior surgical interventions, followed by rehabilitation. By the time of discharge, the patient had regained almost full muscle power in all four limbs.
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44

Karp, Juliana. "Facet fracture-dislocation injuries of the cervical spine." Annals of Emergency Medicine 21, no. 10 (1992): 1295–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0196-0644(05)81775-5.

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45

Ogul, Hayri, and Mecit Kantarci. "Intracranial hypotension secondary dislocation of the cervical spine." Spine Journal 14, no. 6 (2014): 1074. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.spinee.2014.01.023.

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46

Hadley, Mark N., Brian C. Fitzpatrick, Volker K. H. Sonntag, and Carol M. Browner. "Facet Fracture-Dislocation Injuries of the Cervical Spine." Neurosurgery 30, no. 5 (1992): 661–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/00006123-199205000-00001.

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47

Parent, Andrew D., H. Louis Harkey, Dale A. Touchstone, Edward E. Smith, and Robert R. Smith. "Lateral Cervical Spine Dislocation and Vertebral Artery Injury." Neurosurgery 31, no. 3 (1992): 501–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/00006123-199209000-00012.

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48

Jain, A. K., I. K. Dhammi, A. P. Singh, and P. Mishra. "Neglected traumatic dislocation of the subaxial cervical spine." Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. British volume 92-B, no. 2 (2010): 246–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1302/0301-620x.92b2.22963.

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49

Wang, Shenglin, Peter G. Passias, Libin Cui, et al. "Does atlantoaxial dislocation influence the subaxial cervical spine?" European Spine Journal 22, no. 7 (2013): 1603–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00586-013-2742-4.

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50

Al Arabi, K. M., and M. W. Al Sebai. "Bifacetal dislocation following tuberculosis of the cervical spine." Tubercle 72, no. 4 (1991): 294–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0041-3879(91)90057-y.

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