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Journal articles on the topic 'Cervical vertebrae'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 July 2025

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1

Dr.NainaWakode and Santosh Wakode Dr. "COMPARISON OF MORPHOMETRIC PARAMETERS BETWEEN SYNOSTOSIS VERTEBRAE AND NORMAL VERTEBRAE WITH ITS CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE." International Journal of Medical Research and Pharmaceutical Sciences 4, no. 8 (2017): 20–28. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.846753.

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<strong>Objective: </strong>Vertebral synostosis results in disturbance in postural biomechanics causing early degenerative changes like osteophytes formation, neurological deficits and disc prolapse in the advance age. The present study was aimed to assess the incidence of vertebral synostosis in eastern region of India and to see the comparisons of morphometric parameters between synostosis vertebrae and normal vertebrae. <strong>Material & Method</strong>: In present study, we observed a total of 1506 fully ossified vertebrae <strong>Results:</strong> Case 1: Incomplete fusion of 6<sup>

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Pateliya, Urmila, and Sunita Gupta. "INCIDENCE AND MORPHOLOGY OF ACCESSORY FORAMEN TRANSVERSARIUM IN TYPICAL CERVICAL VERTEBRAE." International Journal of Advanced Research 12, no. 08 (2024): 445–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/19271.

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Introduction: Cervical vertebrae shows presence of foramen transversarium on transverse process. It is formed by the fusion of the costal element with the true transverse process of cervical vertebrae. the vertebral artery, vertebral vein,and sympathetic nerves passes through the foramen. In seventh cervical vertebrae passes vertebral vein. These foramina shows variations in size, shape and number. Variation of these foramina may lead to many symptom. Material and Method: Our study include 440 typical cervical vertebrae from various medical collage of Gujarat. All these vertebrae observed macr

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Rakesh Ranjan, Md. Zahid Hussain, Soni Kumari, Vijay Kumar Singh, and Rashmi Prasad. "The morphology and incidence of the accessory foramen transversarium in human dried cervical vertebrae as well as their clinical significance in the Eastern Indian population." Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 13, no. 8 (2022): 47–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v13i8.43777.

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Background: A characteristic feature of the cervical vertebrae (C1–C7) is the presence of a foramen tranversarium on the transverse process. The cervical vertebrae are the smallest in size as compared to the thoracic and lumbar vertebrae and are characterized by a foramen in each transverse process, which is not found in any other vertebra. Except for the seventh cervical vertebra, which transmits only the vertebral vein, this foramen transmits the vertebral artery, vein, and sympathetic nerves (a branch from the cervicothoracic ganglion) in all cervical vertebrae. Any deviation in the develop

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4

Murugan, Magi, and Suman Verma. "A study on variations of foramen transversarium of cervical vertebrae." National Journal of Clinical Anatomy 03, no. 01 (2014): 04–07. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1700714.

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Abstract Background and aims: Foramen transversarium of cervical vertebra is a bony enclosure for the vertebral artery. These foramina are known to exhibit variations in size, shape and may be multiple in number or absent. The aim of this study is to record these variations of foramen transversarium of cervical vertebrae. Material and methods: This study was carried out on 150 cervical vertebrae available in the department of anatomy at Pondicherry Institute of Medical Sciences. Results: Among 150 cervical vertebrae, 19 vertebrae were found to possess double foramina transversaria. Among these

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Rathnakar, Pretty, and Remya K. "STUDY OF ACCESSORY FORAMEN TRANSVERSARIA IN CERVICAL VERTEBRAE." Journal of Health and Allied Sciences NU 03, no. 04 (2013): 097–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1703711.

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AbstractThe cervical vertebrae presents foramen transversaria in each transverse process. In all but the seventh cervical vertebra, the foramen normally transmits vertebral artery and vein and a branch from the cervicothoracic ganglion.140 cervical vertebrae were studied. Variations were noticed in the number of foramen transversarium unilaterally and bilaterally. Variations in foramen transversarium may indicate the variation in course of vertebral arteries

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Mridul, Tripathi, Kumar Sudele Dilip, and R. Choudhary Gunwant. "Study of Foramen Transversarium: A Morphological Variation." International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 16, no. 12 (2024): 178–81. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14591349.

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<strong>Background:</strong> Foramen transversarium (FT) is the special foramen located on the cervical vertebrae’s left and right transverse processes (C1 to C7) containing the vertebral vessels and sympathetic plexus.<sup>1-3</sup> It is an important and noticeable feature of the cervical vertebrae that occupies the sympathetic fibers, vertebral vein (VV), and vertebral artery (VA). Foramen transversarium gives passage to vertebral artery, vertebral vein and sympathetic plexus from inferior cervical ganglion while C7 vertebra transmits only the vein. The vertebrae of the cerv

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Zehtabvar, Omid, Ali Reza Vajhi, Amir Rostami, et al. "Morphometric and Normal 2D CT Anatomic Study of the Vertebral Column of the European Pond Turtle (Emys orbicularis)." Iranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine 17, no. 1 (2023): 53–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.32598/ijvm.17.1.1005235.

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Background: European pond turtle is one of the two species of freshwater turtles in Iran. Regarding clinical examinations and diagnostic imaging techniques, it is necessary to have complete anatomical information on this turtle. Objectives: This study provided complete morphometric and normal two-dimensional computerized tomographic scanning information of the vertebrae of European pond turtles. Methods: Ten European pond turtles were used in this study. Computerized tomography (CT) scans were taken from each anesthetized turtle. Then, morphometric parameters were measured in the CT scans of t

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Dias, Fernanda Gosuen Gonçalves, Vinícius Thomaz da Silva Almeida, Victória Marques Russo Ramos, et al. "Comparison between cervical vertebrae of man and of the domestic animals." Cuadernos de Educación y Desarrollo 16, no. 2 (2024): e3159. http://dx.doi.org/10.55905/cuadv16n2-020.

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Anatomy is the science that studies the form, architecture and structure of living beings, and the modality that explores the morphological differences between species is called comparative anatomy. Among the bone structures that make up the axial skeleton of individuals, the cervical vertebrae stand out, considered odd and irregular bones. Given the relevance of cervical vertebrae, the objective of the present study was to compare such bone elements in humans and domestic animals (dogs, horses and cattle) and, nevertheless, highlight the structural similarities in these different species in t

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Satish, Kumar Harioudh, Gopal Tailor Krishna, V. Motagi Manjunath, Kumar L. Sarda Swapnil, and Rishi Prisha. "A Study of Presence of Accessory Foramina Transversaria in Dry Human Cervical Vertebrae." International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 16, no. 7 (2024): 1358–63. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13207270.

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<strong>Introduction</strong><strong>:</strong> Unique feature of cervical vertebra is the presence of foramen transversaria, which is present in the transverse process of the vertebra and transmits vertebral vessels and autonomic nerves. However sometimes there may be presence of accessory foramen usually seen behind the foramen transversaria knows as accessory foramen transversaria (AFT). The present study was aimed to find out the incidence of (AFT) and to study the morphometry of Accessory Foramina Transversaria in dry human cervical vertebrae. <strong>Methodology</strong><strong

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S, Kaur. "Study of Morphometric Analysis of Foramen Transversarium and Uncinate Process and Clinical Relevance in Typical Cervical Vertebrae." Journal of Human Anatomy 8, no. 1 (2024): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/jhua-16000198.

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The foramen transversarium differentiates the cervical vertebrae from the other vertebrae of the spinal column. From the first part of the subclavian artery, the vertebral artery arises and passes through the foramen transversarium. FT protects the vertebral artery. The medial boundary of the luschka joint is a safe sight to protect the vertebral artery. The Uncovertebral Joint, also known as the Luschka Joint, is a joint that was formed by the Uncinate Process between the cervical vertebra bodies. These joints form the medial border of an intervertebral foramen in the cervical area below C-2

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Skriabin, E. G., A. N. Bukseev, P. B. Zotov, M. A. Akselrov, and A. A. Kurmangulov. "Uncomplicated fractures of the cervical vertebrae in children and adolescents." Genij Ortopedii 27, no. 6 (2021): 700–708. http://dx.doi.org/10.18019/1028-4427-2021-27-6-700-708.

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Introduction Various aspects of uncomplicated fractures of the cervical vertebrae in children and adolescents remain topical. Purpose To study incidence, character and type of uncomplicated fractures of the vertebrae of the cervical spine in children and adolescents. Materials and methods Out of 1000 children who had uncomplicated vertebral fractures, 27 (2.7 %) people were diagnosed with fractures at the cervical level. There were more boys among the injured – 77.77 % of the injured. 29.63 % of the patients were under the age of 12, and 70.37 % of – aged 12–17. Traditional methods for emergen

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G, Prabavathy, Sadeesh T, and Jayaganesh J. "Morphometry of foramen transversarium of cervical vertebrae and its clinical significance in South Indian population." Indian Journal of Clinical Anatomy and Physiology 7, no. 4 (2021): 338–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.ijcap.2020.071.

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Literature shows multiple variations within the foramen transversarium of the cervical vertebrae. To study the morphometry of foramen transversarium of the cervical vertebrae on both sides. The foramen transversarium of three-hundred-fifty dry human cervical vertebras of unknown age and sex was studied. The dimensions of the main foramen and the incidence of accessory foramen transversarium were measured and tabulated. Among 350 vertebrae studied, the accessory foramina was noted in 66 (19%) vertebrae. On 21 (6%) vertebrae the accessory foramen was noted on both sides of the vertebra and in th

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Pellakuru, Saavi Reddy, Ahmed Saad, Karthikeyan P. Iyengar, et al. "A novel approach to identifying C2 and C3 block vertebrae." Journal of Craniovertebral Junction and Spine 16, no. 1 (2025): 72–76. https://doi.org/10.4103/jcvjs.jcvjs_163_24.

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ABSTRACT Background: Congenital block vertebrae (BV) is a common condition resulting from segmentation disorders during embryonic development, leading to the fusion of adjacent vertebrae. BV at C2–C3 (cervical vertebrae 2nd–3rd) level is the most common segmentation anomaly. Labeling this correctly is the requirement for exact labeling of the spine. Diagnosing BV may not be challenging; however, differentiating BV from the long C2 can be tricky. Our study proposes a novel method of recognizing BV by measuring their height to aid in accurately distinguishing BV from normal vertebrae. Methods: T

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Kaushal, Parul, and Subhash Bhukya. "Fusion of C2 and C3: embryological and clinical perspective." Anatomy Journal of Africa 7, no. 2 (2018): 1281–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/aja.v7i2.177636.

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Skeletal abnormalities in the upper cervical region may result in severe neck ache, altered mobility, muscular weakness and sensory deficits. Fused cervical vertebrae (FCV) have been reported in literature, however cases with fused articular facets have scarcely been documented. During routine osteology demonstration, we came across fused axis and the 3rd cervical vertebra. There was complete fusion of the vertebral arch on the left side along with complete fusion between the inferior articular facet of C2 and superior articular facet of C3. There was partial fusion between the bodies of the v

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Orel, A. M., and O. K. Semenova. "Functional division and age differences in cervical spine of males and females." Russian Osteopathic Journal, no. 2 (June 27, 2023): 105–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.32885/2220-0975-2023-2-105-118.

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Introduction. The cervical spine from osteopathy point of view, taking into account spine functional division, includes vertebrae of the cervical-thoracic junction, and the approach requires additional coordination. The X-ray examination experience with the entire spine integrity suggests that both cervical vertebrae and vertebrae of cervical-thoracic junction are the place of the greatest age-related changes. The study of gender difference in cervical spine vertebra positions and its age-related dynamics requires additional attention. The purpose of the work: on the basis of digital radiograp

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Ptashnikov, Dmitriy, Shamil Magomedov, Alexandr Tatarincev, and Sergey Rominskiy. "The role of puncture biopsy in the treatment of pathological fractures of the cervical vertebrae." Problems in oncology 67, no. 2 (2021): 268–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.37469/0507-3758-2021-67-2-268-271.

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The aim is to analyze the data obtained during biopsy of primary and secondary lesions and pathological fractures of the cervical vertebrae and their influence on the tactics of treatment of patients. Evaluation of the effectiveness of biopsy of pathological processes in the cervical vertebrae. Materials. The results of biopsies of 20 patients with lesions of the cervical vertebrae of unknown etiology or with the presence of pathological fractures with compression of the spinal cord and roots by a vertebra or a soft tissue component were analyzed. The following results were obtaine

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Men’shchikova, I. A. "Osteometry of the human spine at the age of maturity in the Ural region." Kazan medical journal 100, no. 4 (2019): 622–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/kmj2019-622.

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Aim. To reveal the patterns of the changes of osteometric characteristics of the adults living in the Ural region. Methods. 56 cadavers of human beings at the age of maturity were analyzed (28 women aged 21 to 55 years, and 28 men aged 22 to 60 years) being the residents of the Ural region. The scheme recommended by the Symposium on Age Periodization at the Institute of Age Physiology in 1969, was used for distribution by age groups. Osteometry and statistical method were used. Results. In the cervical spine, the greatest sagittal size was determined in the spinal process of the VI

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Vetrile, S. T., S. V. Yundin, A. I. Krupatkin, et al. "Condition of Vertebral Arteries in Experimental Modelling of Low Cervical Vertebrae Dislocation." N.N. Priorov Journal of Traumatology and Orthopedics 11, no. 1 (2004): 14–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/vto200411114-19.

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Condition of vertebral arteries in experimental modeling of cervical vertebrae dislocations at C3-C6 level was studied on 20 section-blocks of cervical spine. Vertebral arteries were contrasted and cervical block was fixed using external fixation device. Various types of dislocation and subluxation under X-ray control were produced. Thus, it was possible to observe dynamic picture of vertebral arteries deformation in traumatic cervical vertebrae dislocation. To confirm the results of angiography the cut up of frozen section-blocks in sagittal plane and in vertebral arteries projection as well

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Sihombing, Tessa Rebecca, and Mimi Marina Lubis. "Hubungan tingkat maturitas vertebra servikalis dengan panjang mandibulaRelationship between cervical vertebrae maturity and mandibular length." Jurnal Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Padjadjaran 32, no. 3 (2020): 205. http://dx.doi.org/10.24198/jkg.v32i3.28300.

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Pendahuluan: Beberapa tahun terakhir, hubungan antara cervical vertebral maturation (CVM) dengan pertumbuhan mandibula yang dinilai melalui panjang mandibula mendapat perhatian. Pemahaman mengenai pertumbuhan dan perkembangan kraniofasial pasien sangat penting dalam membantu menegakkan diagnosis, merencanakan perawatan, dan keberhasilan perawatan ortodonti. Waktu perawatan ortodonti berhubungan dengan keparahan dan tipe maloklusi yang dikaitkan dengan tingkat maturitas pasien. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis hubungan tingkat maturitas vertebra servikalis dengan panjang mandibul

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Proks, Pavel, Trude Maria Johansen, Ivana Nývltová, Dominik Komenda, Hana Černochová, and Massimo Vignoli. "Vertebral Formulae and Congenital Vertebral Anomalies in Guinea Pigs: A Retrospective Radiographic Study." Animals 11, no. 3 (2021): 589. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11030589.

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The objectives of this retrospective study of 240 guinea pigs (148 females and 92 males) were to determine the prevalence of different vertebral formulae and the type and anatomical localization of congenital vertebral anomalies (CVA). Radiographs of the cervical (C), thoracic (Th), lumbar (L), sacral (S), and caudal (Cd) part of the vertebral column were reviewed. Morphology and number of vertebrae in each segment of the vertebral column and type and localization of CVA were recorded. In 210/240 guinea pigs (87.50%) with normal vertebral morphology, nine vertebral formulae were found with con

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Guthrie, James, and Noel Fitzpatrick. "Surgical Management of Cervical Vertebral Fractures in Two Dogs with Severe Concurrent Vertebral Venous Plexus Hemorrhage." VCOT Open 01, no. 01 (2018): e1-e7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1660828.

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AbstractSurgical repair of fractures and luxations of the cranial cervical vertebrae can be complicated by vertebral venous plexus hemorrhage following fracture fragment manipulation and realignment. Severe hemorrhage is potentially life threatening and may preclude definitive surgical fixation if it cannot be acceptably controlled and interferes with fixation technique. This report describes this scenario and a surgical strategy in two dogs with fractures of the second cervical vertebra. The surgical technique to limit hemorrhage included the insertion of the pins into the vertebrae, placemen

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P, Neelima, and Ravi Sunder R. "OCCIPITALISATION OF ATLAS VERTEBRA AND ITS CLINICAL FRAMES OF REFERENCE- AN ANALYSIS." Journal of Ayurvedic Herbal and Integrative Medicine 1, no. 1 (2021): 58–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/j-ahim.v1.i1.2021.15.

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Vertebral column is made of 33 vertebrae named as cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral and coccygeal vertebrae. Axial skeleton comprises of skull and vertebral column. 12 pairs of cranial nerves and 31 pairs of spinal nerves exit from the central nervous system which control the entire body. Malformations or fusion of vertebrae could be one of the etiologies of nerve compression syndromes. Vital structures emerge out through intervertebral foramina extending from cervical to coccygeal vertebrae. Occipitalisation of atlas, the first cervical vertebra is one of the emergencies leading to wide spec

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Hernández-Gómez, Luis Héctor, Juan Alfonso Beltrán-Fernández, G. Urriolagoitia-Calderón, A. González-Rebatú, M. M. Galán Vera, and G. Urriolagoitia-Sosa. "Biomechanical Characterization of a Cervical Corporectomy Using Porcine Specimens, Following an Experimental Approach." Key Engineering Materials 478 (April 2011): 103–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.478.103.

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In this paper, the interaction among cervical vertebrae, a cervical plate and a bone graft implant, which is developed in a Corporectomy, is analyzed in an experimental form. In the case of specific damaged vertebra, its replacement is one of the alternative solutions. However, the displacement between the vertebral adjacent facets and the bone graft is a critical parameter which has to be evaluated in order to ensure the stability of the spine. Besides, it is advisable to make a precise evaluation of the structural integrity of the arrangement. For this study, porcine cervical vertebrae (C3-C

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Emohare, O., A. H. McGregor, P. Wragg, and W. M. W. Gedroyc. "THE ASSESSMENT OF THE KINEMATICS OF THE CERVICAL SPINE USING OPEN (INTERVENTIONAL) MRI." Journal of Musculoskeletal Research 08, no. 01 (2004): 13–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218957704001193.

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The scope of serial studies into the kinematics of the cervical vertebrae, have been limited by the methods available for imaging. Plain radiography has been one of the main methods by which data has been collected. The widespread use of this method has, however, been restricted by factors including exposure to ionizing radiation and magnification errors. With the advent of Interventional Magnetic Resonance (iMR) scanners, however, the authors sought to determine the utility of an iMR scanner in obtaining functional images of the cervical vertebrae, from which repeatable measurements of verteb

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Tripathi, Alok, Shobhit Raizaday, Hina Kausar, et al. "An osteological study of fusion of cervical vertebrae." Journal of Anatomical Sciences 30, no. 1 (2022): 20–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.46351/jas.v29i1pp20-24.

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Introduction: Fusion of vertebral column is a common finding in both radiological studies and in anatomical studies. The present study was focussed only on the fusion of the cervical vertebrae. The present study is to study the morphology of fused cervical vertebrae and its clinical aspect. Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted on 200 dry cervical vertebrae of both the sexes in Department of Anatomy, Subharti Medical College, Swami Vivekanand Subharti University, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh. The bones were carefully studied and digitally photographed. Results: In this study the inci

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Patil, Karthikeya, C. J. Sanjay, K. P. Mahesh, Eswari Solayappan, Christopher Varusha Sharon, and Namrata Suresh. "A cone beam computed tomographic study on foramen transversarium." European Journal of Anatomy 28, no. 3 (2024): 315–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.52083/cjiy2659.

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The foramen transversarium is a vital feature found in the cervical vertebrae of the spine. It serves as a protective passageway for the vertebral artery and vertebral vein, supplying blood to the brain and spinal cord. Any compromise to these structures within the foramen can lead to severe neurological complications, emphasizing its clinical significance. The study was carried out on 83 subjects of typical cervical vertebrae. Among them were 42 males and 41 females. All the foramen transversaria were observed for any anatomical variations. The anteroposterior, transverse diameters of all the

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Mahata, Avisikta, and Vanashri Dhananjay Shinde. "Morphometric Study Of Second Cervical Vertebra- A Dry Bone Study." Journal of Neonatal Surgery 14, no. 7 (2025): 1–8. https://doi.org/10.63682/jns.v14i7.4325.

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Background: Amongst the seven cervical vertebrae, axis is one of the atypical cervical vertebra. Axis vertebra shows unique features, it includes modification of its body to odontoid process or dens, roomy vertebral canal; unique superior articulating facets make it different than others. The head rotates around the dens of an axis along with the atlas vertebra at the atlantoaxial joint, which permits the head to move freely. Functionally cervical vertebrae protect the spinal cord, balance the movement of head and protect the vertebral arteries passing through their foramen transversarium. The

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Sultana, Qudusia, Ramakrishna Avadhani, Varalakshmi KL, and Shariff MH. "VARIATIONS OF FORAMEN TRANSVERSARIUM IN ATLAS VERTEBRAE : A MORPHOLOGICAL STUDY WITH ITS CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE." Journal of Health and Allied Sciences NU 05, no. 02 (2015): 080–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1709822.

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Abstract Introduction: The second part of the vertebral artery along with vertebral venous plexus and sympathetic plexus traverses through vicinity of foramen transversarium of atlas. Derangement of these structures in their course may be seen due to deformities, narrowing and presence of osteophytes in foramen transversarium. Methods: Two hundred foramen transversarium of 100 atlas vertebrae were grossly studied for their variations. Results: Out of hundred atlas vertebrae examined, we found that all the vertebrae had foramina transversaria. Absence of costal element was noticed in five atlas

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M, Lalit. "Study of Morphological Analysis of the Foramen Transversarium and Accessory Foramen Transversarium in Typical Cervical Vertebrae." Journal of Human Anatomy, no. 1 (February 20, 2023): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/jhua-16000184.

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Foramen Transversarium (FT) is present in the transverse process of cervical vertebrae. One FT is present in each transverse process of cervical vertebrae. The vertebral artery, vein, and sympathetic nerves pass through it. The present study was carried out on 100 typical cervical vertebrae on their foramen transversarium regarding their shape and no of FT on transversarium. The oval shape was mostly observed in 45% and 44% on the right and left sides. The accessory foramen transversarium (AFT) was observed in 22 vertebrae among 100 vertebrae. The AFT was mostly observed on the right side.

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Jovevska, Svetlana. "ANATOMICAL VARIATIONS OF ACCESSORY FORAMINA TRANSVERSARIA IN CERVICAL VERTEBRAE." Knowledge International Journal 28, no. 2 (2018): 537–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.35120/kij2802537j.

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Introduction: The cervical vertebrae are cranially placed, moveable vertebrae in the human body. The characteristic feature of these vertebrae are the presence of a Foramen Transversarium (FT) in each lateral mass. A plexus of sympathetic nerves surrounding the Vertebral Artery (VA) and Vertebral Veins (VV) passes through the FT. The variable number and size of FT may lead to clinically significant conditions.It may be due to variable course of the VA which implicates an embryological basis.Aims: The objective of the present study is to find out the incidence of accessory FT in the cervical ve

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Byun, Bo-Ram, Yong-Il Kim, Tetsutaro Yamaguchi, Koutaro Maki, and Woo-Sung Son. "Quantitative Assessment of Cervical Vertebral Maturation Using Cone Beam Computed Tomography in Korean Girls." Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine 2015 (2015): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/405912.

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This study was aimed to examine the correlation between skeletal maturation status and parameters from the odontoid process/body of the second vertebra and the bodies of third and fourth cervical vertebrae and simultaneously build multiple regression models to be able to estimate skeletal maturation status in Korean girls. Hand-wrist radiographs and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images were obtained from 74 Korean girls (6–18 years of age). CBCT-generated cervical vertebral maturation (CVM) was used to demarcate the odontoid process and the body of the second cervical vertebra, based on

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Agarwal, Jolly, Abhinav Kumar, and Mahendra Kumar Pant. "Vertebral synostosis and its clinical importance – A case series." Journal of Anatomical Sciences 32, no. 1 (2024): 38–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.46351/jas.v32i1pp38-44.

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Synostosis/ block vertebrae/ fusion of vertebrae occurs due to congenital fusion or due to spinal diseases like tuberculosis, juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, traumatic conditions. The synostosis may be either complete or incomplete or may be either acquired or congenital. The fused vertebrae function as one vertebra, and are usually asymptomatic until adulthood, where degenerative changes occur, and nerve root compression symptoms are noticed. This study aimed to find incidence of vertebral synostosis in population of Garhwal region of Uttarakhand. In the present study a total of 575 vertebrae

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Danowitz, Melinda, Aleksandr Vasilyev, Victoria Kortlandt, and Nikos Solounias. "Fossil evidence and stages of elongation of the Giraffa camelopardalis neck." Royal Society Open Science 2, no. 10 (2015): 150393. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.150393.

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Several evolutionary theories have been proposed to explain the adaptation of the long giraffe neck; however, few studies examine the fossil cervical vertebrae. We incorporate extinct giraffids, and the okapi and giraffe cervical vertebral specimens in a comprehensive analysis of the anatomy and elongation of the neck. We establish and evaluate 20 character states that relate to general, cranial and caudal vertebral lengthening, and calculate a length-to-width ratio to measure the relative slenderness of the vertebrae. Our sample includes cervical vertebrae ( n =71) of 11 taxa representing all

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Manoj P Ambali and Surekha D Jadhav. "Anatomical Variations of Foramen Transversarium of 7th Cervical Vertebrae and Its Clinical Significance." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, no. 3 (2020): 4902–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11i3.2791.

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Cervical vertebrae have a cardinal part that is a closeness of and through it passes the vertebral course, vertebral vein and sharp plexus of nerves. The vertebral course enters the of C6 and this way, the FT of C7, which transmits just the vein and nerve, might be near nothing or even occasionally absent. A vertebral channel may enter through C7 in 2% cases as necessities be combinations of this may affect the anatomical course of vascular and neural structures, and this way may cause over the top conditions. The explanation behind the investigation was to watch the anatomical mixes in the of

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Rieppel, Olivier. "The skeleton of a juvenile Lanthanotus (Varanoidea)." Amphibia-Reptilia 13, no. 1 (1992): 27–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853892x00201.

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AbstractThe cleared and stained skeleton of a juvenile Lanthanotus bomeensis provides additional evidence for the "cervicalization" of an anterior dorsal vertebra, resulting in the 9 cervical vertebrae thought to be diagnostic of the Varanidae. Lanthanotus shows two complete sternal ribs associated with the vertebral segments 10 and 11, and an incomplete sternal rib associated with the 9th segment; Varanus shows three complete sternal ribs associated with the vertebral segments 10, 11 and 12. The loss of a sternal rib associated with the 12th segment is autapomorphic for Lanthanotus. Nine cerv

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Ray, Saugat, Sanjeev Datana, Balakrishnan Jayan, and Amit Jain. "Cervical vertebral anomalies in patients with obstructive sleep apnea." APOS Trends in Orthodontics 5 (November 20, 2015): 262–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2321-1407.169974.

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Objective The aim of this study was to find an association between the patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and with cervical vertebral anomalies and any further correlation between various anomalies with varying severities of OSA. Materials and Methods The sample consisted lateral cephalograms of 70 subjects who were diagnosed with OSA and 70 other orthodontic patients who were selected as a control group. The lateral radiographs of both cases and controls were traced and findings were recorded. Results In total, 21.42% of subjects in the OSA group and 8.57% in the control group were a

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Jiang, Jingjing. "RESEARCH ON THE IMPROVED IMAGE TRACKING ALGORITHM OF ATHLETES’ CERVICAL HEALTH." Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte 27, no. 5 (2021): 476–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1517-8692202127042021_0115.

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ABSTRACT Objective: With the increasing number and youth of patients with cervical spondylosis, people pay more and more attention to the cervical spine. Early diagnosis, intervention and treatment play an important role in the recovery of cervical spondylosis. With the continuous development of computer technology, the improvement of various modeling theories, and the application of image processing methods in orthopedics, new ideas are opened to observe cervical vertebra motion health. Methods: In this paper, the measurement of cervical motion is achieved by machine vision. A method of param

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Zou, Yi, Li Chen, Tao Wang, et al. "A new metriacanthosaurid theropod dinosaur from the Middle Jurassic of Yunnan Province, China." PeerJ 13 (April 2, 2025): e19218. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.19218.

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Metriacanthosaurid theropods represent a basal-branching lineage of tetanurans. Members of this clade are mainly medium to large-sized and lived in Laurasia during the Middle Jurassic to the Early Cretaceous. In this clade, Sinraptor dongi, Sinraptor hepingensis, and Yangchuanosarus shangyouensis from the Late Jurassic are well represented by the nearly complete specimens, but the incompleteness of Middle Jurassic taxa hinders our knowledge of the origin and early evolution of Metriacanthosauridae. This paper describes a new genus and species of metriacanthosaurids, Yuanmouraptor jinshajiangen

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S, Kaur, Mahajan A, and Lalit M. "Morphometric Study of the Vertebral Body and Pedicle of Typical Cervical Vertebrae Using Radiological Image." Journal of Human Anatomy 9, no. 1 (2025): 1–11. https://doi.org/10.23880/jhua-16000208.

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Introduction: Accurate knowledge of cervical vertebral body dimensions is essential for effective diagnosis and treatment of cervical spine disorders. The anteroposterior diameter is a critical measurement for anterior bicortical screw fixation. Vertebral osteophytes, commonly seen on the anterolateral margins of the lower cervical vertebrae, are age-related degenerative changes that may cause neurovascular compression. Large osteophytes can compress the vertebral artery as it crosses the uncinate process, potentially resulting in dysphagia, sleep apnea, or spinal nerve root compression. Objec

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Nikiforidou, Vasiliki, Stefanos Zaoutsos, Nikolaos Vlahos, and Panagiotis Berillis. "Vertebrae Morphometric Measurement and Ca/P Levels of Different Age European Seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax)." Fishes 5, no. 4 (2020): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fishes5040037.

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The European seabass is one of the most important species of the Mediterranean, specifically Greece. Individuals with different numbers of vertebrae have been reported. This number ranges from 24 to 26 vertebrae. In this study a sample of 73 individual seabass were collected from fish farms and divided into three age groups. The first group included fingerling individuals, the second group, juvenile individuals and the third group, adult individuals. The number and the length of their vertebrae were measured by radiographs. The individuals were divided into subgroups according to their vertebr

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Khan, Maria, Mousomi Tahmina, Kaniz Fatima, Nazia Binte Islam, Isot Jahan, and Nafrina Islam Leeza. "Morphometry of Typical Cervical Vertebrae on Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Adult Bangladeshi People: A Cross-sectional Analytical Study." Scholars International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology 7, no. 08 (2024): 135–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.36348/sijap.2024.v07i08.002.

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Background: Accurate knowledge of cervical vertebral morphometry is crucial for diagnosing pathological conditions and planning surgical interventions. However, data specific to the Bangladeshi population is lacking. Objectives: To determine the morphometric measurements of typical cervical vertebrae (C3-C6) on Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) in adult Bangladeshi people and to analyze potential sex-based differences. Methods: This cross-sectional analytical study was conducted on 70 MRI scans (35 male, 35 female) of typical cervical vertebrae from adult Bangladeshi individuals. Various morpho

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Uygur, Saygi, Irmak Tekeli Barut, Efekan Doruk, et al. "Subaxial Cervical Vertebra Pedicle Anatomy: A Radiological Morphometric Study." Neurological Sciences and Neurophysiology 42, no. 2 (2025): 40–47. https://doi.org/10.4103/nsn.nsn_158_24.

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ABSTRACT Aim: This radiological morphometric study aimed to investigate the morphometry of the pedicles of subaxial cervical vertebrae (C3–C7) and emphasize the importance of preoperative planning to prevent complications during spinal surgery. Materials and Methods: Computed tomography scans of the subaxial cervical vertebrae of 40 patients without cervical pathology were morphometrically evaluated. Key parameters such as pedicle height, pedicle width, pedicle length, pedicle axial angle, pedicle sagittal angle, and vertebral foramen diameter were measured at each vertebral level (C3–C7). Sta

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Batir, Hande Nur Taşdemir, Hatice Güler, Burcu Kamaşak Arpaçay, İzzet Ökçesiz, Halil Dönmez, and Güven Kahriman. "Morphometric Analysis of Subaxial Cervical Vertebra Pedicles in the Turkish Population." Tomography 11, no. 7 (2025): 79. https://doi.org/10.3390/tomography11070079.

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Background/Objectives: One of the surgical interventions applied in the cervical region is the pedicle screw method. The cervical pedicle screw is stronger than any other screw method; however, use of the cervical pedicle screw is limited due to the variability in the anatomy of the cervical vertebrae and the risks to the neurological and vascular structures in this region. This study aimed to determine the morphological features of subaxial cervical vertebrae of the adult Turkish population and to provide guidance for the pedicle screwing method. Methods: In our study, pedicle analyses were e

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Yousuf, Syed Mubashir, Shameema Gulzar, Mohd Saleem Itoo, and Mudasir Ahmad Khan. "Morphometeric study of dens and its clinical importance." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 11, no. 4 (2023): 1268–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20230873.

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Background: The axis vertebra's distinguishing characteristic is the existence of the odontoid process. The axis vertebra's morphology is very different from the morphologies of the other cervical vertebrae. Surgery on the axis vertebrae is exceedingly risky, and dens of axis vertebrae fractures are fairly common. As a result, it is essential to have a good grasp of the anatomical variance before performing the procedure. The study aimed to evaluate the morphometric parameters of the odontoid process of the axis vertebra. The different anatomical parameters of the odontoid process of the verte

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Komala, Wenti, Endah Mardiati, Eky Soeria Soemantri, and Isnaniah Malik. "Physiological maturation stage of cervical vertebrate index in cleft lip/palate and non-cleft lip/palate patients." Majalah Kedokteran Gigi Indonesia 4, no. 3 (2019): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/majkedgiind.28356.

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Cleft lip and palate is one of the most common congenital anomalies. Cleft lip and palate patients encounter growth problems in lip and palate area, although their overall growth and development remains unknown. Cervical vertebral maturation are indicators of physiological maturation used in interceptive treatment and orthognathic surgery. The present study aims to determine physiological maturation stage of cervical vertebrae maturation index in cleft andnon-cleft patients. Lateral cephalogram of 26 cleft patients and 27 non-cleft patients with a range of chronological age from 8-16 years old

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ROMDLON, MAHINDRA AWWALUDIN, Setiadi W. Logamarta, and Yulia Anggraeni. "THE RELATIONSHIP OF CERVICAL VERTEBRAL MATURATION (CVM) STAGE AND ANTEROPOSTERIOR FACIAL DIMENSIONS IN INDONESIAN POPULATION." Berkala Ilmiah Kedokteran Duta Wacana 5, no. 2 (2020): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.21460/bikdw.v5i2.179.

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Background: Growth and development are two different but interrelated and difficult to separate factors. The growth spurt in boys is different from girls. Facial growth is closely related to overall body growth, one of which is the growth of the cervical vertebrae.  Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the anteroposterior dimensions of the face based on the maturation levels of cervical vertebrae in 12-14 years old children. Method: Quantitative research using an analytic observational method with a cross-sectional approach was conducted on 21 boys and 21 girls.

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Lin, Jian-Liang, and Bradley R. Coolman. "Atlantoaxial Subluxation in Two Dogs With Cervical Block Vertebrae." Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association 45, no. 6 (2009): 305–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5326/0450305.

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Atlantoaxial (AA) subluxation is an uncommon disorder that can cause various degrees of neurological deficits in dogs. Block vertebra is a congenital deformation involving the fusion of two or more vertebrae. This report describes two dogs with cervical block vertebrae from C2 to C5 and C2 to C4, respectively. We hypothesize that the fused cervical vertebrae created a “fulcrum effect” at the AA joint and predisposed these dogs to traumatic AA subluxation.

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Mallo, Moisés. "Of Necks, Trunks and Tails: Axial Skeletal Diversity among Vertebrates." Diversity 13, no. 7 (2021): 289. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d13070289.

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The axial skeleton of all vertebrates is composed of individual units known as vertebrae. Each vertebra has individual anatomical attributes, yet they can be classified in five different groups, namely cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral and caudal, according to shared characteristics and their association with specific body areas. Variations in vertebral number, size, morphological features and their distribution amongst the different regions of the vertebral column are a major source of the anatomical diversity observed among vertebrates. In this review I will discuss the impact of those vari

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Shivaleela C, Khizer Hussain Afroze M, Ramesh P, and Lakshmiprabha S. "An Osteological Study of Anatomical Variations of Foramen Transversarium of Cervical Vertebrae and its Clinical Implications." International Journal of Anatomy and Research 9, no. 4 (2021): 8145–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.16965/ijar.2021.171.

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Background: In cervical vertebrae, the costal and transverse elements are connected to each other around the foramen transversarium of the transverse process. The adult cervical vertebrae are characterized by the presence of Foramen Transversarium (FT) in transverse process. These transverse foramina are found to have variations in size, shape and numbers and may be absent, incomplete or duplicate, which may lead to various symptoms. Aim: To study the anatomical variations of cervical vertebrae. Materials and methods: The present observational study was performed on 182 dry human cervical vert

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Kakarlapudi, H., S. Speirs, A. P. Lal, et al. "A 73-Year-Old Male with Cervical Spine Osteomyelitis Presenting as Urosepsis." Clinical Medicine Insights: Case Reports 8 (January 2015): CCRep.S31253. http://dx.doi.org/10.4137/ccrep.s31253.

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Vertebral osteomyelitis is a serious debilitating infection if not detected early. Involvement of cervical vertebrae is usually seen in the presence of specific risk factors. Urinary tract infection commonly spreads to the lumbar vertebrae. This is a case presentation of an elderly male who, in the absence of specific risk factors for cervical osteomyelitis, presented with symptoms of urinary tract infection and was found to have cervical spine osteomyelitis.

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