Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Chabal'

Entre 1848 et 1914, un groupe de peintres exerça une « mainmise » sur la Manufacture de Beauvais. Pierre-Adolphe Badin et son fils, Jules, Pierre-Adrien Chabal-Dussurgey et Jules Diéterle en furent tour à tour les administrateurs et les principaux cartonniers. Chacun était issu d’une formation différente, de la plus courue à la moins reconnue : des Beaux-arts de Paris à l’école de l’industrie. Malgré la diversité de leur parcours, la Révolution de 1848 les rassembla au sein des Manufactures nationales, où ils participèrent à la régénération des arts décoratifs français. Il s’agit de comprendre les choix esthétiques de la Manufacture à travers deux niveaux d’analyse : celui des individus et de leur réseau, en les resituant ensuite dans le contexte plus général de l’industrie textile de la seconde moitié du XIXe siècle
Between 1848 and 1914, a group of painters had a “stranglehold” on the Beauvais tapestry Manufacture. Pierre-Adolphe Badin and his son, Jules, Pierre-Adrien Chabal-Dussurgey and Jules Diéterle were in turns the managers and the main cartoon painters of this manufacture. They all came from different backgrounds: two of them attended the Fine Arts School of Paris, while the others ones were trained in the industry. Despite the diversity of their artistic careers, the French Revolution of 1848 brought these painters together within the National Manufactories, where they contributed to the revival of the French decorative arts. The aesthetic choices of the Beauvais Manufacture will be analyzed through the lens of these individual people and their network, while taking into account the global context of the textile industry during the second half of the nineteenth century

The Swedish curriculum for the upper secondary school has been through a major change in the new corriculom that came in 2011 together with the new law concerning the Swedish schoolsystem (SFS 2010:800). The process behind these documents has been the main purpose and goal of this study. This has taken the form of a discourse analysis of all the material that led to the making of the current curriculum and the law concerning the Swedish school system. The discourse analysis looked after mechanisms of exclusion in both the process and the finished products of the two documents and also focused to see if there were any ethnocentric features present. The result shows that the curriculum together with the Swedish law concerning the school system is in a paradoxical relationship where Swedish teachers have to be inclusive in the pupils right to express different opinions, and at the same time be exclusive as only democratic values as is tradition in the west are to be accepted. At the same time there are some ethnocentric features present regarding how these democratic values should be thought, as it says it should follow western humanism and Christian ethics and values. These paradoxical and ethnocentric elements who are found within these documents show that some people may be excluded and that teachers may have to sacrifice either the students right to express themselves or their cultural differences or sacrifice the core values from whom the teachers are forced to abide to.

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Comunicação e Expressão. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Literatura
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O estudo da poética de Chacal, neste trabalho que ora se apresenta, se realiza a partir dos periódicos em que o poeta carioca colaborou e/ou editou durante os mais de 40 anos de carreira. Lendo as revistas Navilouca, Polem, Malasartes, Almanaque Biotônico Vitalidade, Bando e O Carioca, juntamente com os livros Posto 9, Uma história à margem e a vida é curta pra ser pequena, revelou-se uma moldura da poética de Chacal: a busca pela consagração, o diálogo com a tradição literária e a formação de sua Biblioteca, até então sempre negada pelo poeta e pela crítica. Com o estudo destes periódicos, que são de diferentes décadas, é possível ler grande parte da produção poética de Chacal a partir de seus diálogos com outros poetas e estéticas, traçando um percurso do não-lugar, mas que, ainda assim, estabelece sua Biblioteca.
The study of Chacal's poetics presented in this dissertation issue from the idea of reading it by periodicals in which the brazilian poet have collaborated and/or edited during his more than 40 years of career. Therefore, the literary magazines Navilouca, Polem, Malasartes, Almanaque Biotônico Vitalidade, Bando and O Carioca, herewith the books Posto 9, Uma história à margem and a vida é curta pra ser pequena, revealed a frame of Chacal's poetics: the search for acclaim, the contact with the literary tradition and the generation of his Library, before denied by the poet and the critic. Hence, the periodicals' study with these literary magazines, that are from different decades, allows the reading of most Chacal's poetics by his contacts with another poets and aesthetics, positioning himself in a "non-place", however, even so, establishes his own Library.

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This dissertation proposes to analyze Belvedere, poetic anthology of Chacal. The objectives are to show in the perspective taken by I lyrical, poetic aspects of resistance in the lyricism of Chacal, as well as reflect on the poetic devices of this resistance. To achieve these objectives, was selected the following issue: how the Chacal's poetry reveals production demonstrating the strength of his generation? How is the relationship between modernism of 22 and the so-called "marginal poetry" of the poetry of Chacal? For treatment of the problem, we select the hypoteses -as resistance poetry the poetic chacaliana reflect the angustias and the wishes of his generation; the poetic chacaliana, to engage in dialogue with the modernism of 22 objective, a relationship between literature and life and points to a lyric poetic. The theoretical foundation about the resistance relies on the conceptions of Alfredo Bosi, the critical concepts in, Antonio Candido, Heloísa Buarque de Hollanda and Hugo Friedrich. Among the conclusions, emerge: the poetry chacaliana acts as resistance to repressive society and homogenizing, acting as front this resistance can retrieve; the marks of modernism of 22 incorporate his poems dose of lyricism
Esta dissertação se propõe a analisar Belvedere, antologia poética de Chacal. Tem como objetivos evidenciar, na perspectiva assumida pelo eu lírico, aspectos de resistência poética no lirismo de Chacal, assim como refletir sobre os recursos poéticos dessa resistência. Para atingir tais objetivos selecionou-se o seguinte problema: Como a poesia de Chacal revela uma produção que evidencia a resistência de sua geração? Como se reveste a relação entre modernismo de 22 e o denominado caráter marginal da poesia de Chacal? Para tratamento do problema, selecionou-se as hipóteses: como poesia de resistência, a poesia chacaliana reflete as angústias e os desejos de sua geração; ao empreender diálogo com o modernismo de 22, objetiva uma relação entre literatura e vida e aponta para uma poética lírica. A fundamentação teórica acerca da resistência se apóia nas concepções de Alfredo Bosi, os conceitos críticos em textos de Antonio Candido, Heloísa Buarque de Hollanda e Hugo Friedrich. Entre as conclusões, ressaltam-se: a poesia chacaliana atua como resistência à sociedade repressiva e homogeneizante, como frente de atuação dessa resistência recupera as marcas do modernismo de 22 e incorpora em seus poemas certa dose de lirismo

Inspirée par un premier travail clinique effectué au Service Universitaire de l'Enfant et de l'adolescent (SUPEA) auprès d'adolescents français auteurs de passages à l'acte sexuels et en rupture avec les bases d'éducations familiale-culturelle, cette étude soutient la thèse selon laquelle il existe des processus culturels en œuvre dans les pathologies de l'agir tel que le passage à l'acte ; et l'efficacité du processus thérapeutique du sujet auteur de passage à l'acte nécessite la prise en compte de ces processus culturels. Cette thèse est illustrée par quatre vignettes cliniques présentant quatre sujets Gabonais auteurs de passages à l'acte divers (abus sexuels, meurtres ou assassinats), détenus à la prison centrale de Libreville au Gabon dont deux hommes, une femme et une adolescente majeure. Chacun de ces passages à l'acte est sous-tendu par une histoire ou une croyance culturelle
The present work is inspired by a first clinical work carried out at the University Service of Children and Teenagers (SUPEA). The work dealt with sexually active french teenagers who were in basic rupture with family and cultural education. This study advocates the thesis that cultural processes do take part in acting pathologies and the theurapeuthic process requires to take into account some cultural factors

Malcohn de Chazal (1902-1981) is little known abroad and misunderstood by his compatriots in Mauritius. Man of letters and theatre, poet and painter, sometime philosopher and prolific columnist, Chazal was an agricultural engineer by training but worked for the telecommunications department. This thesis attempts to synthesise these multiple incarnations by putting together the salient aspects of his literary biography and the extensive detailed of his bibliography in particular : published books, newspaper and journal articles, book reviews, prefaces, unpublished works, correspondence, radio and television programmes. This task was complicated by an author who was at the same time egocentric and fiercely timid: Yet it fills a sizeable void in this field of study. The response of his critics in books and articles forms the second half of the bibliography; prefaces, critical books, academic works, -dictionary entries, catalogues and prefaces of exhibitions, and economic tracts. A renewed interest in Chazal in Mauritius and in France has relaunched study of the author, and encouraged publishers to reprint long forgotten works. It is hoped that this thesis will become a powerful research tool with its succinct biography, and in particular because of its complete bibliography. The newspaper and journal articles are classified chronologically by title and by alphabetical order of the newspaper or journal. A thematic classification of Chazal's articles with accompanying notes, as well as purely chronological classifications of all newspaper and journal articles facilitate the work of the researcher. The appendices are further augmented by a list of articles whose details have not been checked; an inventory of published works and articles of Chazal in mauritian archives and libraries (including useful information on these places); a list of authors and. books cited in Chazal's articles; a lexicon of titles, and names of people and places in Mauritius. This is followed by a detailed list of sources used in this thesis. The practical aspects of this study must be emphasised : from its presentation of Chazal's works to that of his critics, from its summary of Chazal studies to its projections of what still needs to be done. The confused reader will have a point of reference, and the initiated researcher will find a more useful guide within these pages than what is currently available. The study reflects this author's own difficulties, and tries to lighten the load of others by resolving a goo4 number of these issues. The thesis underlines Chazal's literary output by providing an accessible biography and a classified bibliography, while merely sketching his artistic career. The ultimate goal is to render author and work more accessible. While we are made aware of the paucity of research, the road ahead is rich with unexplored topics of study.

El proyecto promoverá el desarrollo de una cultura de la naturaleza que valorice el patrimonio natural del Chile central, exhibiendo sus especies y sus ecosistemas, promoviendo su estudio y difundiendo su importancia, incentivando su conservación y su cultivo con fines culturales, científicos, ornamentales y recreativos, y así motivar conductas y actitudes más sustentables entre la población urbana en beneficio de la comunidad nacional y global

This case study assesses the educational needs of the teachers, students and women of a remote, isolated school community in Azad Kashmir, Pakistan. It also addresses the cultural, social and religious obstacles that girls, women and teachers face, while identifying appropriate recommendations for girls, women and teachers to improve their level of, and access to, educational opportunities. The methodology and data collection included formal and informal interviews, surveys and field notes gathered over a two-year period. The results of this study are shared in a narrative analysis of the experiences of teachers, young women and girls in the Seri Valley School community. Barriers to female education have great consequences for family and community health, potential home and community income, and the following generation's educational opportunities. As this study shows, even when girls are allowed to attend primary school, there are still many barriers that keep them from continuing on to higher education. Those barriers are: a shortage of well-educated female teachers, a supportive community that is open to girls continuing their education, and the significantly important approval of the influential male in the family allowing the girl or woman to continue her education. A result of these barriers is that female students in rural, isolated regions of Pakistan rarely go on to middle or high school for their education, therefore not improving the level of education for the population of female teachers and the future generation of girls. Breaking this cycle of depriving girls an education equal to boys needs to start with the community supporting access to schools, educating families about the benefits and importance of educating the female population, and providing opportunities for female teachers to continue their education and professional development.

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A presente dissertação tem como objetivo realizar uma abordagem do livro intitulado Uma história à margem, do poeta brasileiro Chacal. Como se trata de uma narrativa pertencente às escritas de si, nosso objetivo recai em apontar o modo como o autor se constrói ao longo do texto. Para tal, busca-se verificar objetivos que movimentam sua escrita. Temos como hipótese que, ao adotar a postura de um memorialista, Chacal assume para si um papel preponderante dentro do cenário não só da poesia surgida na década de 1970, como do ambiente contracultural da mesma época, tornando-se uma espécie de porta-voz de sua geração. Outro ponto ressaltado é o fato de que, paralelamente ao memorialista, vemos a construção de um sujeito antropófago, um herdeiro da antropofagia oswaldiana. Alguém que se mostra aberto ao outro, em comunhão com o outro, com a disposição para encontro, em movimento e em busca da produção do novo a partir dessas relações.
L‘objectif de ce mémoire est l‘étude du livre Uma historia à margem, du poète brésilien Chacal. Puisqu‘il s‘agit d‘um récit mémorialistique , s‘inscrivant dans les écritures de soi, nous analysons comment l‘auteur se construit tout au long du texte. Pour ce faire, nous cherchons à vérifier sa posture en tant que mémorialiste et aussi les buts qui guident son écriture. L‘hypothèse que nous avançons est que, lorsqu‘il adopte la posture d‘un mémorialiste, Chacal se donne un rôle prépondérant aussi bien dans le contexte de la poésie de la décennie 1970, que dans l‘ambiance de cette époque dominée par la contreculture. Il devient ainsi en quelque sorte un porte-parole de sa génération. Un autre point mis en évidence dans ce travail est le fait que, parallèlement au mémorialiste, on observe dans son récit la construction d‘un sujet anthropophage, un héritier de l‘anthropophagie d‘ Oswald de Andrade, c‘est-à-dire un sujet ouvert à l‘autre, en communion avec l‘autre, disposé à le rencontrer, toujours en mouvement et à la recherche de la production du nouveau à partir des rapports qu‘il entretient avec cet autre.

Este estudo tem por objetivo refletir sobre uma figura literária pouco estudada, Manuel Pinheiro Chagas (1842-1895), escritor português considerado pela crítica principalmente como romancista histórico. Ao eleger o romance histórico como narrativa romântica, parece que Chagas tenta disputar espaço com o romance realista/naturalista, mesmo depois da consolidação do Realismo. Por meio da análise de quatro de seus romances, A virgem Guaraciaba (1865), A máscara Vermelha (1873) e a sua continuação O juramento da Duquesa (1873), e A descoberta da Índia. Contada por um marinheiro (1890), verificamos como o projeto literário deste escritor, que se inicia com a efabulação da História, vai convergindo para um realismo pouco romantizado, que ele denominou de estudo histórico romântico.
This study is intended to reflect about the literary understudied character, Manuel Pinheiro Chagas (1842-1895), portuguese writer considered by public opinion mainly as historical novelist. Choosing the historical novel as romance narrative, seems that Chagas tries to establish space with the realistic/naturalist novel, even after the Realism consolidation. Analyzing four of his novels, A virgem Guaraciaba (1865), A máscara Vermelha (1873) and its continuation O juramento da Duquesa (1873), and A descoberta da Índia. Contada por um marinheiro (1890), we could verify how the literary project from this author, that initiates itself with the history creation, starts to converge to a type of less romanticized realism, that he defines as romantic historical study.

A presente investigação constitui um estudo de caso sobre a tripanossomíase americana, conhecida como doença de Chagas, em seus aspectos epistemológicos e sociais, articulados através da análise de diferentes valores envolvidos nas pesquisas sobre essa enfermidade. Na elaboração de uma biografia procuramos enfatizar dois aspectos dessa patologia. Por um lado, que a tripanossomíase americana pode ser interpretada como um agente histórico, na medida em que a identidade dessa entidade nosológica não pode ser dissociada de sua caracterização científica e social, tampouco reduzida a apenas uma dessas dimensões. Por outro lado, colocar a doença como protagonista dessa história nos permite evidenciar de que modo o predomínio da narrativa das instituições médicas e científicas legitimou a invisibilização da perspectiva das pessoas afetadas por essa patologia. A primeira parte da tese está centrada sobre a faceta científica e médica da doença, a qual permitiu que a nova patologia humana fosse estabelecida como um fato. Com relação aos aspectos sociais da doença, estes são focalizados na segunda parte da tese, onde examinamos as ideias envolvidas nas representações dos trópicos e das populações rurais como sinônimos de atraso.
The present investigation is a case study of American trypanosomiasis, known as Chagas disease, in its epistemological and social aspects, articulated through an analysis of the different values involved in research on this disease. In the elaboration of a biography, we aim to emphasize two aspects of this pathology. On the one hand, American trypanosomiasis can be interpreted as a historical agent, to the extent that the identity of this nosological entity cannot be dissociated from its scientific and social characterization, nor can it be reduced to just one of these dimensions. On the other hand, to put the disease as the protagonist of this history allows us to show the ways in which the predominance of medical and scientific institutions narrative has legitimated the invisibility of the perspectives of the ones affected by this pathology. The first part of this thesis is centered on the scientific and medical facet of the disease, which allowed the new human pathology to be established as a fact. The social aspects of the disease will be focalized in the second part of the thesis, where we examine the ideas involved in representations of the tropics and of rural populations as synonyms of backwardness.

La enfermedad de Chagas es una zoonosis muy compleja, también conocida como Tripanosomiasis Americana, causada por la infección del protozoo Trypanosoma cruzi (WHO, 2006). En el mes de abril de 1909, Carlos Chagas (1878-1934), investigador del Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), descubre al agente causal de esta enfermedad en el interior de Minas Gerais (Brasil), denominándolo Trypanosoma cruzi, en homenaje al maestro Oswaldo Cruz y al insecto que lo transmitía (triatomino conocido como “barbeiro”), que también había sido identificado por él a fines de 1908 (Kropf, 2006). La existencia de la enfermedad de Chagas humana es un hecho puramente accidental, en la medida en que el hombre fue entrando en contacto con los focos naturales, provocando desequilibrios ecológicos, forzando a los triatominos infectados a ocupar viviendas humanas. De esta manera, se produce el proceso de la domiciliación, en donde el insecto encuentra refugio y suficiente alimento en la sangre humana y la de los animales domésticos (WHO, 2006).
Trabajo de suficiencia profesional

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This study aims an analysis of the work of Ricardo Chacal considering the relationship between the poetic form and the representation of the city, established in the author’s poetry. This selection was imposed from the reading of Chacal’s complete poetry, a long-living work. One evidenced that the city and the relations with the urban space appear as a possible outliner of his search for an artistic expression. From this perception the hypothesis arose that the several faces of the city makes a promising interpretive entrance of his poetry, forming a trail of understanding of a work that begins in the decade of 1970 and continues until the current days. How that dialogue with the metropolis is built and in what measure it determines the linguistic materiality of the poetry of Chacal were the questions that propelled this study. The corpus of the research is composed of twelve poems: “Hóspede do planeta ” (1972), “Jazidas de titânio em Mato Grosso” (1975), “Na jaula do aparelho” (1983), “A coisa e o nome” (2002), “À rua” (2002), “Cidade” (2002), “Mameluco” (2002), “Ruas” (2002), “CEP 20.000” (2002), “SPO3MA” (2007), “New York” (2007) e “Edificações” (2012). To develop this work, we based ourselves on texts of Viktor Chklovski, Octavio Paz and Viviana Bosi about the poetics; Fernanda Medeiros concerning the Chacal’s critical fortune end poetics; and Renato Cordeiro Gomes about literature and city. This dissertation is divided into three chapters: the first one focuses on the relationship between poetry and city; the second brings artistic references that make up the aesthetic project of the poet; and the third is intended to analyze the corpus
Este estudo propõe uma análise da obra de Ricardo Chacal em torno da correspondência entre a forma poética e a representação da cidade, presente na poesia do autor. Tal recorte impôs-se a partir da leitura das poesias completas, obra intensa e longeva. Constatou-se que a cidade e as relações com o espaço urbano surgem como um possível delineador de sua busca por uma expressão artística. A partir dessa percepção, levantou-se a hipótese de que as várias faces da cidade constituem uma promissora entrada interpretativa de sua poesia, formando uma trilha de entendimento de uma obra que se inicia na década de 1970 e continua até os dias atuais. Como esse diálogo com a metrópole é construído e em que medida ele determina a materialidade poética da poesia de Chacal foram as questões que impulsionaram este estudo. O corpus da pesquisa está composto por doze poemas: “Hóspede do planeta ” (1972), “Jazidas de titânio em Mato Grosso” (1975), “Na jaula do aparelho” (1983), “A coisa e o nome” (2002), “À rua” (2002), “Cidade” (2002), “Mameluco” (2002), “Ruas” (2002), “CEP 20.000” (2002), “SPO3MA” (2007), “New York” (2007) e “Edificações” (2012). Para desenvolver este trabalho, nos apoiamos principalmente, mas não apenas, em textos de Viktor Chklowski, Octavio Paz e Viviana Bosi para discutir a poética; Fernanda Medeiros, no que diz respeito à fortuna crítica e à poética de Chacal; e Renato Cordeiro Gomes sobre literatura e cidade. A dissertação está dividida em três capítulos: o primeiro foca a relação entre poesia e cidade; o segundo traz referências artísticas que compõem o projeto estético do poeta; o terceiro é destinado à análise do corpus

La qualité esthétique et l'ampleur de l'œuvre de Maurice Chabas (peinture de chevalet et art monumental) ainsi que le mouvement de pensée auquel il a participé ont cristallisé notre intérêt pour un artiste important et injustement oublié du symbolisme. Maurice Chabas poursuivit tout au long de son œuvre une quête spirituelle qu'il traduisait par des tableaux empreints d'une harmonie noble et sereine. L'imagination et le désir d'innovation de Maurice Chabas le mèneront à diversifier sa technique, par ailleurs habile, en usant d'une purification et d'une simplification de la forme. L'œuvre, dans un premier temps académique, se rallia aux tendances symbolistes, proche de Puvis de Chavannes. Maurice Chabas fut un fervent défenseur des Rose+Croix et exposa à tous leurs salons. Par la suite, l'artiste fut tenté par les techniques néo-impressionnistes et synthétiques. A la fin de sa carrière, sa peinture devient de plus en plus éthérée, lumineuse et colorée ; ceci le conduit à se tourner vers l'abstraction qui se prête, selon, lui naturellement à la communication des mystères de la religion chrétienne. Un des premiers objectifs de cette thèse (première partie) a été d'établir la biographie de Maurice Chabas, une étude de ses principes artistiques théoriques et une analyse de son œuvre. Nous nous sommes référés aux lettres personnelles et aux écrits de l'artiste ainsi qu'aux articles de presse et catalogues d'expositions pour éclairer sa personnalité et la portée de son œuvre. La seconde partie de la thèse a consisté à effectuer un recensement le plus exhaustif possible des différents tableaux, commandes et écrits illustrés par Maurice Chabas. Cette recherche compose le catalogue raisonné de l'artiste (903 numéros dont 873 illustrés)
The aesthetic quality and the extent of the work accomplished by Maurice Chabas as well as his evolution of thinking have focused our interest for this important artist, unfairly forgotten in the symbolist movement. All through his artwork, Maurice Chabas searched a spiritual quest which he translated through his paintings into a noble and serene harmony. His imagination and desire to innovate led him to diversify his technique through a purification and simplification of the form. At the beginning, his work was academic but expressed rapidly symbolic tendencies reminding Puvis de Chavannes. Maurice Chabas was a fervent defendant of the Rose+Croix. He participated in all their art exhibitions. Later, the artist was also tempted to investigate the techniques of impressionism and synthetic art. At the end of his career, his work became gradually more esotheric, bright and colourful. This style of work conducted him to abstraction which (he thought) will provide the ways to the "mysteries" of the Christian religion. One of the primary objectives of this thesis has been to establish a biography of Maurice Chabas. Our aim was also to provide a study of his theoritical artistic principles and an analytical investigation of his work. To highlight the personality of Maurice Chabas and the magnitude of his work, we currently referred to his personal documents, press artcles and exhibitions catalogues. The second part of this thesis is aiming to establish, to the largest possible extent, an inventory of his paintings, work orders and writings. This study is covered by the reasoned catalogue of the artist

This research focused on a micro-analysis of intrapersonal conflicts that originated from an upbringing of Chabad-Lubavitch, a spiritual branch of Judaism. The cultural stress and uncertainty of how to be labeled within a Chabad-Lubavitch framework is also explored from an insider’s perspective through autoethnography, which provided unrestricted access to intrapersonal conflicts, and reduced the risk of psychologically harming other Lubavitchers. Field theory, human needs theory, uncertainty-identity theory, culture-stress theory, and communication accommodation theory provided an interdisciplinary theoretical foundation to analyze the manifested intrapersonal conflicts. The collected data consisted of culture and family diagrams, recorded intrapersonal conflicts, archival materials, and a supplementary reflexive journal. This analytical autoethnography expands social science research through the data analysis and findings, which discusses how originating from a culture of Chabad-Lubavitch has impacted the past, present, and potential future of intrapersonal conflicts. Cultural customs, private and public life perceptions, historical trauma, and environmental stressors were noted as significant factors that contributed to intrapersonal conflicts. The recommendations of this study include possible approaches to reframing intrapersonal conflict that may contribute to cultivating internal peace for members of this community experiencing cultural stress.

El trabajo de investigación que ahora presento como Tesis Doctoral se remonta, originariamente, al año 1980, momento aquel en que me ocupaba y preocupaba la tarea de buscar un tema sobre el cual realizar la Tesis de Licenciatura. Subsisten los motivos que entonces impulsaron mi primera aproximación al quehacer de Rosa Chacel: la posibilidad de acercarme, desde sus libros, a uno de los periodos culminantes de nuestra literatura; ahondar en el alumbramiento y génesis de una obra nacida con el siglo y que, en su lento y dificultoso germinar, se abría a hechos y fenómenos claves de nuestro Tiempo y de nuestra Historia.

Y, no menos importante, el vacío bibliográfico que, todavía hoy -y a diferencia de lo ocurrido con la obra de otros prosistas de la generación-, existe. En los panoramas e historias de la literatura española del siglo XX, el nombre de Rosa Chacel ocupaba escaso número de páginas; a veces, tan sólo unos breves párrafos. Y siempre, y en todos ellos, unos cuantos adjetivos de muy mala fortuna bastaban, al parecer, para dar cuenta de una obra literaria que empieza ahora a valorarse en términos más justos. Sin embargo, a pesar de este reciente interés, se sigue careciendo de un trabajo amplio que estudie y explique una obra que ya no es una página en blanco de nuestra literatura. Tal es el propósito de este trabajo.

En su fase previa, este trabajo incluía un estudio de la época y de la generación a que pertenece la autora, y limitaba el análisis de la obra chaceliana a los títulos publicados hasta 1936. Sin embargo, después de 1980 Rosa Chacel nos entregó cinco nuevos volúmenes, además de numerosas colaboraciones en diarios y revistas. Este factor, unido a la progresiva aparición de trabajos sobre la generación o la época, me decidió a centrarme exclusivamente en la obra de la autora, y dentro de ella, en las novelas, la faceta más destacada de la creación chaceliana.

En el primer capitulo -"Rosa Chacel"- me propongo trazar el perfil biográfico de la escritora, atendiendo a las experiencias y hechos culminantes de su vida que, de una u otra forma, marcarán su impronta en el quehacer literario de Rosa Chacel: la infancia vallisoletana; la aurora vanguardista; el cinematógrafo y el psicoanálisis; el magisterio de Ortega, Unamuno, Juan Ramón o Valle-Inclán; el viaje a Europa; el clima generacional; la República y la Guerra Civil; el exilio; la reanudación del oficio de escribir; los primeros retornos; la progresiva recuperación de un espacio; el posterior y definitivo afincamiento en Madrid. Y junto al itinerario vital, el literario, pues es en este capítulo inicial donde incluyo el estudio de la obra no novelística de Rosa Chacel, atendiendo al orden cronológico de las distintas entregas.

En el capítulo segundo analizo los dos primeros escritos de Rosa Chacel: los relatos "Chinina Migone" y "Juego de las dos esquinas". La brevedad de ambos textos me permite realizar un estudio detallado y minucioso de los aspectos sintáctico, verbal y semántico, de los mecanismos que operan en la prosa chaceliana y definen su textualidad. A la vez, muestro cómo en ellos se encuentran ya núcleos embrionarios de temas y personajes que tendrán un desarrollo en obras posteriores, mostrando esa "honda lejanía" de donde proviene una obra forjada a golpes de intelecto, voluntad y memoria.

El tercer capítulo aborda el estudio de "Estación. Ida y vuelta", libro que se enmarca dentro de una tendencia novelística bien definida, por pertenecer, originariamente, a la proyectada colección "Nova Novorum". Debido a ello, y porque el texto lo permite, presto especial atención a los aspectos formales, a las ideas que sobre la novela -siguiendo a Ortega- se discuten y realizan en el propio texto narrativo.

"Teresa" pertenece a otro proyecto de la época: la colección de "Vidas españolas e hispanoamericanas del siglo XIX". Por ello, el análisis de la obra viene precedido de un estudio sobre el revitalizado género biográfico que, en nuestro panorama literario, tiene lugar durante la década de los años veinte.

Los siguientes capítulos abarcan cada una de las novelas restantes: "Memorias de Leticia Valle", "La sinrazón", "Barrio de Maravillas" y "Acrópolis". Los dedicados a las dos últimas novelas habrán necesariamente de reescribirse cuando aparezca el tercer volumen de la trilogía que integran.

Por último, un apartado -"Final"- dedicado a sintetizar y valorar la aportación de Rosa Chacel a la literatura española contemporánea.

Esta presentación no debe concluir sin antes expresar mi gratitud a la Dra. Raquel Asún, profesora y amiga, cuya orientación ha sido decisiva en el inicio y la continuación de mi trabajo. A Rosa Chacel, que me atendió y escuchó desde el primer momento. Y al Dr. D. Antonio Vilanova, director de mi tesis, por el gran apoyo y estímulo prestados a lo largo de estos años.

Orientador : Marcelo de Carvalho Ramos
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas
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Resumo: Estudamos em uma população de chagásicos, acompanhados clinicamente no GEDOCH (Grupo de estudos de Doença de Chagas) FCM-UNICAMP, a prevalência de hipertensão arterial, bem como a distribuição dos pacientes hipertensos, segundo o grau de acometimento cardíaco que apresentam. Entre 644 portadores de Doença de Chagas, encontramos 168 (26,1%) hipertensos, dos quais 36 não apresentavam alterações clínicas, eletrocardiográficas e radiológicas, 65 apresentavam apenas alterações eletrocardiográficas e 67 tinham evidências de insuficiência cardíaca congestiva e/ou cardiomegalia. Quando comparados a um grupo de hipertensos não chagásicos, observamos que nas faixas etárias mais avançadas concentraram-se os Portadores de Doença de Chagas e hipertensão arterial, com insuficiência cardíaca. Além disso, a hipertensão arterial foi mais freqüente desempenhando entre chagásicos com maior comprometimento cardíaco, efeito agravante na cardiopatia chagásica crônica. Concluímos que, como deve haver relação entre a neuropatia autonômica do chagásico e o comportamento da pressão arterial, faz-se necessário completar esse estudo.
Mestrado
Mestre em Ciências Médicas

Orientador: Julia Ziviani Vitiello
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Artes
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Resumo Esta pesquisa propõe perceber a simbiose entre o artista e sua obra, reconhecendo a proximidade que vida e criação artística podem assumir, convergindo para uma arte autobiográfica. Investiga-se a relação entre dor e arte/ morte e criação como ciclo possível e necessário ao processo criativo. Frida Kahlo é escolhida como artista expoente para suscitar essas questões. A pesquisa mergulha em seu universo para, a partir dele, ver surgir o seu próprio, numa criação em dança. Nasce Entre Chagas e Borboletas. Os intermédios por que ela passa para estruturar-se - o processo criativo - são o material que interage com todos os temas investigados, para registrar o caminho anterior à obra.
Abstract This research propose to sense the symbiosis between the artist and his work, recognising the proximity that life and artistic creation can built, converging to an autobiografic art. Investigating the relation between pain and art, death and creation as a possible and necessary cicle to creative process. Frida Kahlo is chosen as an expoent artist to bring up these questions. The research dives deeply into her universe to, starting from that, built its own universe in a dance creation. Among Wounds and Butterflies born. The inner - ways it passes though to built itself - the creative process - is the material that interacts with all the themes investigated, to register the path before the creation.
Mestrado
Mestre em Artes

Cette thèse de doctorat a pour objectif d'étudier la longue cosmogonie imaginée par le mystique Mauricien Malcolm de Chazal au cours de son œuvre. Elle comporte trois grandes parties distinctes qui s'organisent de la manière suivante : La première partie s'intéresse au mythe de la Lémurie, un continent aujourd'hui englouti. Ce thème, que l'on rencontre souvent dans la littérature de l'océan Indien, marque le début de la recherche métaphysique de Malcolm de Chazal. Cette partie analyse par ailleurs les moyens que le poète a utilisés pour retrouver le passé mythique de son île. La deuxième partie ouvre la réflexion sur l'architecture philosophique et théologique de la cosmogonie ghazalienne. Elle s'intéresse en premier lieu à la figure de Dieu, un Dieu qui se confond avec la divinité judéo-chrétienne. Elle se penche ensuite sur les traces de gnose et de pensées dualistes que l'on peut rencontrer dans certains textes des années 1950. Ce travail est complété par une étude de la christologie ghazalienne : l'on y rencontre les motifs du Logos et de Melchisédeq, témoignages d'une inclination de l'auteur pour un mysticisme chrétien prononcé. Cette deuxième partie envisage enfin le problème du Mal dans la cosmogonie ghazalienne. La troisième partie expose, en se fondant sur les éléments parfois antithétiques mis en lumière au cours des deux parties précédentes, un système cosmogonique ordonné. Puis elle replace le mythe lémurien au sein de ce système en commentant en particulier le "roman mythique" Petrusmok. (Quatrième de couverture)
This doctorate thesis intended study the long cosmogony imagined by the Mauritian mystic Malcolm de Chazal throughout his work. It consists of three main distinct parts which are set out in the following manner: the first part concerns the myth of Lemuria which is now an engulfed continent. This theme, which one frequently encounters in the literature of the Indian Ocean, sets the beginning of the Malcolm de Chazal's metaphysical research. This part also analyses the means the poet used to rediscover the mythical past of his island. The second part opens up a reflection on the philosophical and theological architecture of the Chazalian cosmogony. It first considers the image of god, a god who has similarities with the judeochristian divinity. It then deals with the traces of gnosis and dualist thoughts which can be found in some texts of the fifties. This work is completed by a study of Chazalian Christology: one finds the patterns of logos and Melchisedeq, which assert of the author's penchant for a pronounced Christian mysticism. This second part also deals with the problem of evil in the Chazalian cosmogony. The third part lays out an orderly cosmogonic system on the basis of the frequently contradictory elements brought forth in the two preceding parts. It then replaces the Lemurian myth within this system by commenting on the mythic novel Petrusmok in particular. Volume II 1) synoptic charts of Petrusmok the first part is a summary of the "mythic novel" Petrusmok which is set out in the form of a series of charts and maps. Thanks to this method, the reader has rapid access to the contents of each chapter of the work as well as to the appearing characters. 2) Malcolm de Chazal the original. . . Neither "surrealist" nor "new age", bard and champion of the unique unism. This document is an essay written by René Agnel, a retired pastor of the reformed church of France who corresponded regularly with Christophe Chabbert throughout the making of his doctorate thesis. In this text, the author develops a personal reflection on Chazalian unism in terms of in its relationship with Christianism

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The main papers published on the last five years on the area of human Chagas disease, mainly on parasitological, serological and therapeutic aspects, reflecting areas of recent involvment of the author, were selected. As a baseline, briefly comments on publications on the last 40 years were included. Parasitemia profile measured by hemoculture during the chronic infection was the subject of the first two. The first (published in 2006) included six hemocultures from each of 27 patients, the last three after specific treatment. Results were compared with those of 13 non treated, infected patients. The supressive effect of benznidazole was demonstrated in 89% of the patients and treatment failure was registered in three cases (11%) during the two year follow-up. In the second paper (2011) a single hemoculture was performed in 152 infected women, 101 pregnant. Parasitemic pregnant women doubled the number of non-pregnant, mainly during the first months of pregnancy. A new ELISA test was developed (2010) by employing two recombinant proteins and two synthetic peptides. Sensitivity was 99.3% on 165 positive sera, and specificity of 100% (216 negatives). A multicentric study was done (2009) with participation of laboratories of North America (Mexico), Central America (Honduras) and South America (Brazil) with 98 serum samples from patients of Mexico employing reagents made from Tc1 and Tc2 strains. Results showed good agreement among laboratories demonstrating the feasibility of using reagents prepared from both types of T. cruzi. In another multicentric study (Bolivia, Argentina and Brazil) xenodiagnosis performed in 17 patients after a 60 days course of allopurinol treatment, remained positive, showing the lack of effect of this drug in the chronic phase. A national serological survey in children born after insecticide spraying (below five years old) with filter paper, involved 104,954 samples, tested with ELISA and indirect immuofluorescence. Only 11 samples (0.01%) were identified as by vector transmission (negative mothers) mainly from the northeast of the country, areas without Triatoma infestans. These findings (2011) confirm the effectivity of house spraying for the control of the disease. As a sub-product of this investigation, an unusual number of cases of congenital transmission (n = 12) was found only in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, where TcV-TcVI circulates. When compared with other states (n=8) the proportion was 10 times higher. This is the first report on geographical differences related to congenital transmission in Brazil. We considered that all these findings contributed significantly to a better knowledge on different aspects of Chagas disease.
Foram selecionados os principais trabalhos publicados nos últimos cinco anos na área de doença de Chagas no homem, com ênfase em aspectos parasitológicos, de diagnóstico sorológico e de tratamento, os quais refletem o foco das investigações do autor neste período. Como embasamento desses estudos foram brevemente comentados artigos publicados nos últimos quarenta anos. O perfil parasitêmico no indivíduo infectado crônico, por meio de hemocultura, foi objeto de dois artigos. No primeiro (publicado em 2006), foi determinada a parasitemia em 27 pacientes, por meio de três hemoculturas seriadas antes do tratamento específico e três após. Os resultados foram comparados com os de 13 pacientes não tratados. O efeito terapêutico do benznidazol no sentido de supressão da parasitemia foi detectado em 89%, enquanto que a falha terapêutica foi comprovada em três casos (11%) nos primeiros dois anos. No segundo (2011), foi realizada hemocultura em 101 gestantes e 51 mulheres não grávidas, todas infectadas. A parasitemia foi o dobro nas gestantes (60,4%), em relação às não grávidas, em particular nos primeiros meses da gestação. Um ensaio imunoenzimático (ELISA) (2010) foi desenvolvido com dois antígenos recombinantes e dois peptídios sintéticos, com sensibilidade de 99,3% (em 165 soros reagentes) e especificidade de 100% (em 216 negativos). Em estudo multicêntrico, com a participação de laboratórios da América do Norte (México), Central (Honduras) e do Sul (Brasil), em 98 amostras de soro de pacientes do México (2009), foi encontrada excelente concordância entre os laboratórios, empregando-se testes sorológicos de diferentes origens (TcI e II), demonstrando que antígenos de diferentes cepas de Trypanosoma cruzi apresentam desempenho similar. Em estudo multicêntrico (Bolívia, Argentina e Brasil) foi demonstrado, por xenodiagnóstico, que o allopurinol não teve efeito parasiticida em 17 pacientes, em comparação com dez não tratados (estudo do Brasil), pela persistência do exame parasitológico positivo em todos os tratados (2007). Em inquérito nacional sorológico em crianças que nasceram após as medidas de controle (abaixo de cinco anos) de toda a área rural do Brasil (n = 104.954) foram encontradas 104 (0,1%) amostras positivas em papel-filtro (ELISA e imunofluorescência indireta), sendo confirmadas com soro apenas 11 de transmissão vetorial (0,01%), todas em municípios sem Triatoma infestans. Este trabalho confirma a efetividade da borrifação com inseticidas no Brasil (2011). Como sub-produto desse trabalho, verificou-se que a transmissão congênita foi 10 vezes superior no estado do Rio Grande do Sul (TcV-VI) com 12 casos, em comparação com outros oito no restante do país, demonstrando pela primeira vez diferenças geográficas no tocante à transmissão vertical no Brasil. Consideramos que os trabalhos apresentados contribuíram efetivamente ao conhecimento de diferentes aspectos da doença de Chagas.

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Medicina, 2008.
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O tratamento das infecções pelo Trypanosoma cruzi tem sido alvo de muitas investigações porque a busca da cura da doença de Chaga tem alta relevância social. Este trabalho teve como objetivo geral avaliar diferentes esquemas terapêuticos na doença de Chagas experimental. Seus objetivos específicos visaram a comparar aspectos clínicos, parasitológicos e sobrevivência nos grupos experimentais e controles, para avaliação do efeito de diferentes esquemas terapêuticos de tratamento e doses dos fármacos utilizados. Esses parâmetros foram usados como critério de avaliação dos esquemas de tratamento com drogas inibidoras de vias metabólicas, envolvidas em divisão e diferenciação celulares, que poderiam impedir a integração do kDNA do T. cruzi no genoma do hospedeiro. Grupos de 20 camundongos BALB/c infectados com Trypanosoma cruzi do estoque Berenice, pesando 20 a 25 g, de ambos os sexos, foram tratados com benzonidazol, nas fases aguda e crônica da infecção. Formaram-se novos grupos também com 20 animais, que receberam benzonidazol, associados com uma, duas ou três drogas. As drogas utilizadas foram praziquantel (inibidor de proteína-quinase), ciprofloxacina (inibidor de topoisomerase) e zidovudina (inibidor da transcriptase reversa). Foi previamente demonstrado que essas drogas inibem a integração do kDNA no genoma de célula hospedeira de mamífero in vitro. De acordo com os parâmetros de avaliação, apenas o grupo de animais tratados na fase crônica da infecção com benzonidazol associado à ciprofloxacina durante 30 dias teve a parasitemia negativada, com decréscimo significativo dos títulos de anticorpos e ausência de amplificação de seqüências de kDNA. O achado sugeriu que o tratamento eliminou a infecção e preveniu as mutações no genoma do hospedeiro. Nos demais grupos experimentais os resultados foram similares àqueles obtidos nos grupos tratados apenas com benzonidazol, pois, não houve negativação das parasitemias e o kDNA podia ser encontrado no genoma dos camundongos testados. Assim somente a associação de benzonidazol com ciprofloxacina na concentração ótima testada, sugeriu a eliminação da infecção, e o kDNA não integrou no genoma dos camundongos. Nos demais grupos experimentais analisados os resultados obtidos, sugerem que as drogas administradas não eliminaram as infecções pelo T. cruzi.
The treatment of the T. cruzi infections has been sought by many investigators because the cure of Chagas disease has high social and economic importance. This work aimed at the use of various therapeutic formulations to treat the experimental Chagas disease in mice. Specifically, it was aimed at the clinical, parasitological and survival aspects related to the T. cruzi infections in experimental and control groups of BALB/c mice. Secondly, this work aimed at to evaluate therapeutic protocols, using different pharmacological compounds. The parameters used to evaluate the therapeutic protocol were the elimination of the parasitic infections and abrogation of the integration of the T. cruzi kDNA minicircle sequences by the administration of inhibitors of metabolic pathways of cell growth and differentiation. Groups of 20 mice of both sexes, weighing 20 to 25 g, received the T. cruzi intraperitoneally and were treated in the acute and chronic phases of the infections. The experimental groups received benznidazole (0.86 mg/day) alone or in association with one, two or three different inhibitors. The inhibitors used were: praziquantel (inhibitor of protein-kinases, 0.93 mg/day), ciprofloxacin (inhibitor of Topoisomerase II, (1.2 mg/day), and zidovudine (inhibitor of reverse transcriptase, 1.2 mg/day). In a previous study, it was shown that these inhibitors prevent the integration of kDNA minicircle sequences into the host mammalian cell in vitro. The drugs were administered by gavage of mice for a period of 15, 30 or 60 days. Following the parameters set for evaluating the effects of each therapeutic regime, only a group of chronically infected mice treated with benznidazole and ciprofloxacin for 30 days eliminated the parasitemia, and showed consistent fall of the specific anti-T. cruzi antibody titers, and abrogated the integration of the kDNA into the mouse genome. This finding has suggested that this therapeutic regime was indeed efficient because it abrogated the infection, the specific antibody titers and the kDNA integrations. However, when half-dose benznidazol and ciprofloxacin were used the mice the infections sere set free. Also in all the other experimental groups the results obtained indicated therapeutic failure, because the results were similar to those obtained with benznidazole alone: the parasitemias were patent and the kDNA was recovered from infected-treated animals. In summary, the administration of benznidazole combined with ciprofloxacin to T. cruzi-infected mice eliminated the infection and kDNA did not integrate into the mouse genome. In relationship to the remaining infectedand treated groups it was observed therapeutic regimes did not eliminate the infections.

Cette etude est issue d'une interrogation sur l'usage de la parole et en particulier, celle qui dit "je" et revendique sa subjectivite, dans l'oeuvre de r. Chacel. Le titre est un emprunt a n. Sarraute la relation a l'ecriture de ces deux ecricains offre en effet au lecteur une occasion de discerner des concomitances lexicales et prosodiques entre deux approches singulieres de la voix narrative dazns une premiere partie, ou parcours du journal intime de r. Chacel est etudiee la parole de celle-ci, pour ce qu'elle revele - et ca- che a la fois- de ses projets, de ses rencontres avec d'autres tex tes et d'autres lieux, la "germination" de l'oeuvre et le "tresor cache" dans le dit et le non-dit de l'autobiographie, assumee com- me telle generiquement. La seconde partie analyse certains proces- sus genetiques dans un corpus romanesque qui se presente comme une serie de romans "embryonnaires". Cette incursion dans le laboratoi- re de r. Chacel donne en effet la cle de son choix de la prose, qu'elle appelle "la prose de la vie", choix qui, loin d'exclure la poesie, l'inclut et s'en alimente. Structuree autour du theme de "l'extracontemporaneite", la troisieme partie analyse les para- textes "tardifs" de r. Chacel : comment elle presente a des lecteurs d'aujourd'hui, ou d'un hier tres proche, des textes nés, parfois
This study aims at questioning the use of language in rosa chacel works and especially the language of the subjective "l". The title is taken from a book at nthalie sarraute. Booth women writers have so much in common that the reader will be unabled to perceive similarities in vocabulary and rythm when comparing her two peculiar practices of the narrative voice. In the first part we read r. Chacel's diary, we study her language either for what she reveals -hiding them at the same time - about her projects about the texts she happens to read, places she goes the "work in progress", the "treasure hidden" in her text, which she means autobiographical. The second part is an analysis of some creative processes in her novels which she claims to bear like" embryonic" novels. Intruding into r. Chancel'workshop gives some clues to understand why she cho- se to write prose instead of poetry, the "prose of life" as she names it, far from excluding poetry, contains it and feeds upon it. The third part is devoted to the theme of "extracontemporaneidad" we analize the late "paratexts" or r. Chacel's works, her way of

Tesis para optar al grado de Magíster en Políticas Públicas
En Chile, durante la cuenta pública del 21 de Mayo de 2012 el Presidente de la República Sebastián Piñera anunció la reactivación del proyecto para la construcción del puente sobre el canal de Chacao. En dicha ocasión se señaló que el monto máximo de inversión, US$740 millones, aseguraría la rentabilidad social de proyecto. Para reflotar la idea de construir el puente sobre el canal de Chacao, el Ministerio de Obras Públicas (MOP) realizó durante el año 2012 una evaluación social del proyecto en cuestión (MOP; 2012), donde este informe fue el sustento técnico para que el Presidente anunciara la reactivación de esta iniciativa. El documento contiene básicamente el análisis costo/beneficio ex ante de la situación base optimizada (seguir con transbordadores) versus la situación con proyecto (construcción puente). El resultado de dicho análisis fue: para una inversión de US$864 millones, la TIR del proyecto no alcanza la tasa social de descuento solicitada por el Sistema Nacional de Inversiones (6%) y el VAN es de -1.446.828 UF, por lo cual se propone como alternativa, angostar el tablero del puente para disminuir los costos de construcción y, finalmente, llegar al monto de US$740 millones, punto donde la TIR del proyecto es 6,04% y el VAN prácticamente cero. A partir de lo anterior y de los documentos publicados por el propio MOP, en el presente estudio se realiza un análisis crítico de la evaluación social del proyecto Puente Chacao. En particular, considerando las mismas cifras del MOP, se estima el momento óptimo de ejecución de este proyecto, análisis que no fue realizado por dicha cartera de estado. Los resultados indican que sería socialmente óptimo atrasar el inicio del proyecto al menos hasta el año 2025, para un nivel de inversión de US$740 millones. Y además, se realiza un análisis de sensibilidad para determinar qué nivel de inversión o tráfico justificarían que la construcción del puente comience ahora. Finalmente, se presenta una sección sobre aspectos relevantes en el marco de las políticas públicas al evaluar iniciativas que son reflotadas una y otra vez por un anhelo político, más que por su conveniencia social o económica. En definitiva, es importante definir si vale la pena abrir la discusión sobre la conveniencia económica de un proyecto cuando este adquiere vida propia por la generación de expectativas y voluntad política por parte del ejecutivo.

Tesis (Dr. Medicina)--Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, 2019
La miocardiopatía chagásica crónica es la manifestación clínica más expresiva de la Enfermedad de Chagas. Entre otros factores, la variabilidad genética del paciente podría contribuir al establecimiento de las diferentes formas clínicas, que pueden resultar desde una cardiopatía leve sin consecuencias, hasta la muerte súbita. La presencia de polimorfismos en los genes que codifican proteínas canales se han asociado con distintos disturbios en la conducción eléctrica cardíaca. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue establecer una posible asociación entre los polimorfismos A572D y H558R de genes que codifican proteínas canales de Na+ dependientes de voltaje, como el SCN5A (subunidad α de canal de sodio voltaje dependiente tipo V), con parámetros electrocardiográficos, estructurales y clínicos para establecer un perfil genético de riesgo en pacientes con Enfermedad de Chagas. Para ello se estudiaron 189 pacientes pacientes que concurrieron al consultorio de Chagas ante la sospecha epidemiológica, de los cuales 129 (68,2%) presentaron serología positiva para Chagas y 60 (31,8%) serología negativa. El grupo de serología positiva tuvo una edad media de 62,6 ± 13,78, siendo del género femenino un 65% (n: 84) y del masculino un 35% (n: 45). En un 34,88 % se evidenció PCR positiva (en una única muestra sanguínea). La edad media del grupo con serología negativa fue de 57,53 ± 17,8, con un 66,6% de individuos del género femenino (n: 40) y un 33,4% del masculino (n: 20). No se evidenció diferencia significativa en cuanto a las edades de ambos grupos. Se evaluaron los parámetros clínicos (sintomatología cardiovascular y digestiva, tanto como los antecedentes personales patológicos y epidemiológicos), electrocardiográficos (trastornos del ritmo cardíaco, bloqueos, arritmias, etc.) y ecocardiográficos (dilatación de cavidades, hipertrofia, trastornos de la motilidad parietal, función sistólica y diastólica) en pacientes con serología positiva y negativa. Se realizó la identificación en 95 muestras (70 con serología positiva y 25 con serología negativa) de los polimorfismos A572D y H558R y la detección de ADN de T. cruzi circulante mediante reacción en cadena de la polimerasa y RFLP. Analizamos las frecuencias alélicas y genotípicas comparando individuos seronegativos frente a seropositivos e individuos G1 (sin alteraciones) con los del G2 (alteraciones ECG y/o ecocardiográficas) mediante el análisis de la prueba de χ2 y la regresión logística para calcular los odds ratio (OR) y los intervalos de confianza del 95% (IC) para la relación entre los polimorfismos del gen SCN5A y la susceptibilidad a las características clínicas. Un valor de p <0,05 se consideró estadísticamente significativo. El poder estadístico de nuestro estudio se calculó con la Calculadora de potencia genética para estudios de casos y controles en una etapa. Para el polimorfismo A572D en los pacientes seropositivos la frecuencia de los genotipos fue la siguiente: el 56,7% de los pacientes presentó el genotipo AA, el 35,8% el genotipo AD y el 7,5% DD. En los seronegativos el genotipo homocigota AA también fue el más frecuente (56,5%). En el genotipo más prevalente, las manifestaciones clínicas que se presentaron con mayor frecuencia fueron: las palpitaciones, la disnea, la disnea paroxística nocturna, el angor y el dolor precordial atípico. Dentro de las alteraciones en el electrocardiograma se encontraron: el bloqueo completo de rama derecha, el hemibloqueo anterior izquierdo, el bloqueo AV, la fibrosis, la dilatación de la aurícula izquierda, EV, ESV, QTc prolongado, trastornos en la repolarización ventricular y desviación del eje eléctrico. En el ecocardiograma se objetivó el remodelado concéntrico y la hipertrofia del ventrículo izquierdo, los trastornos de la motilidad parietal, el deterioro de la función sistólica del VI (FE deteriorada), la disfunción diastólica y las valvulopatías. No se puso en evidencia que la presencia del genotipo homocigota o heterocigota confería mayor riesgo al desarrollo de cardiopatía, tanto en serología positiva como negativa. Para el polimorfismo H558R, el 35,7% de los pacientes presentó el genotipo CC, el 48,5% TC y el 15,8% TT. El genotipo TC también se presentó con mayor frecuencia (48%) entre los pacientes seronegativos. En el grupo (TC) con serología positiva predominaron los síntomas y signos de insuficiencia cardíaca descompensada como: los rales crepitantes, la ingurgitación yugular, la hepatomegalia, la ortopnea y el angor; en el electrocardiograma bloqueo de rama derecha e izquierda, HBAI y trastorno de repolarización, mientras que en el ecocardiograma dilatación de cavidades izquierda e hipertrofia. Los pacientes portadores del genotipo CC con serología negativa presentaron mayor número de alteraciones en el Electrocardiograma y Ecocardiograma como: bloqueo AV, arritmias, ESV, QTc prolongado, HVI, dilatación de cavidades izquierdas con deterioro de la función sistólica y trastornos de la motilidad, sin encontrar diferencias significativas entre los grupos. En éste polimorfismo tampoco pudo demostrarse asociación del genotipo con el fenotipo clínico. El análisis de regresión logística mostró que el alelo C en los pacientes seropositivos se asoció significativamente con un mayor riesgo de desarrollar trastornos de conducción intraventricular (OR: 0.37 IC95% 0.17 - 0.85 p: 0.0182) y trastorno de repolarización ventricular (OR: 0.39 IC95% 0.18 – 0.87 p: 0.02117), mientras que los los pacientes seronegativos evidenciaron disfunción diastólica (OR: 10 IC 95% 2 – 49.95 p: 0.0047). Evaluamos si la presencia de ADN de T. cruzi podría conferir más riesgo de mayor sintomatología y trastornos de conducción, como fuera demostrado en trabajos previos, ya que la persistencia del parásito ejerce un estímulo de inflamación crónica y contínua dañando de manera sistemática al miocardio. Los presentes resultados no demostraron mayores síntomas y/o signos en pacientes PCR positivos, hecho que si bien acuerda con lo planteado por el estudio multicéntrico BENEFIT que estableció que realizar el clearence de parásitos mediante tratamiento no mejoró la evolución de la miocardiopatía, puede ser atribuible al número de pacientes estudiados. La mitad de los pacientes con Enfermedad de Chagas exclusivamente, sin comorbilidades, presentó el genotipo heterocigoto para ambos polimorfismos. En el presente trabajo demostramos que pacientes con serología positiva para Enfermedad de Chagas y portadores del alelo C del polimorfismo H558R tienen mayor susceptibilidad para los trastornos de conducción y repolarización del miocardio pudiendo ser utilizado el estudio de éste polimorfismo como posible marcador de aparición y progresión de las manifestaciones cardíacas de la Enfermedad de Chagas (30% de los pacientes infectados) y explicar por qué el resto permanece asintomático, permitiendo establecer un pronóstico y un tratamiento más adecuados para esta patología.
Chronic chagasic cardiomyopathy is the most expressive clinical manifestation of Chagas disease. Among other factors, the genetic variability of the patient could contribute to the establishment of different clinical forms, which can result from mild heart disease without consequences, to sudden death. The presence of polymorphisms in the genes that encode protein channels have been associated with various disturbances in cardiac electrical conduction. The objective of the present work was to establish a possible association between the A572D and H558R polymorphisms of genes that encode voltage-dependent Na+ channel proteins, such as SCN5A (subunit α of sodium channel dependent voltage type V), with electrocardiographic, structural and clinic parameters, to establish a genetic risk profile in patients with Chagas disease. For this, 189 patient patients who attended the Chagas office were studied, of which 129 (68.2%) presented positive serology for Chagas and 60 (31.8%) negative serology. The positive serology group had a mean age of 62.6 ± 13.78, with 65% female (n: 84) and 35% male (n: 45). In 34.88% positive CRP was evidenced (in a single blood sample). The mean age of the group with negative serology was 57.53 ± 17.8, with 66.6% of individuals of the female gender (n: 40) and 33.4% of the male (n: 20). There was no significant difference in terms of the ages of both groups. Clinical (digestive and cardiovascular symptoms, as well as pathological and epidemiological personal history), electrocardiographic (heart rhythm disorders, blockages, arrhythmias, etc.) and echocardiographic parameters (cavity dilatation, hypertrophy, parietal motility disorders systolic and diastolic function), were evaluated in patients with positive and negative serology. The identification of the A572D and H558R polymorphisms and the detection of circulating T. cruzi DNA by polymerase chain reaction and RFLP was carried out in 95 samples (70 with positive serology and 25 with negative serology). We analyze the allele and genotypic frequencies comparing seronegative individuals against seropositive and G1 individuals (without alterations) with those of G2 (Electrocardiographic and / or echocardiographic alterations) by analyzing the χ2 test and logistic regression to calculate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the relationship between SCN5A gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to clinical characteristics. A value of p <0.05 was considered statistically significant. The statistical power of our study was calculated with the Genetic Power Calculator for case studies and controls in one stage. For the A572D polymorphism in seropositive patients the frequency of genotypes was as follows: 56.7% of the patients presented the AA genotype, 35.8% the AD genotype and 7.5% DD. In the seronegative the homozygous genotype AA was also the most frequent (56.5%). In the most prevalent genotype, the most frequent clinical manifestations were: palpitations, dyspnea, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, angor and atypical precordial pain. Among the abnormalities in the electrocardiogram were: complete right bundle branch block, left anterior hemiblock, AV block, fibrosis, left atrial dilation, EV, ESV, prolonged QTc, ventricular repolarization disorders and deviation of the electric axis. The echocardiogram showed concentric remodeling and left ventricular hypertrophy, parietal motility disorders, impaired systolic LV function (impaired EF), diastolic dysfunction and valvular heart disease. It was not shown that the presence of the homozygous or heterozygous genotype conferred greater risk to the development of heart disease, both in positive and negative serology. For the H558R polymorphism, 35.7% of the patients presented the CC genotype, 48.5% CT and 15.8% TT. The CT genotype also occurred more frequently (48%) among seronegative patients. In the group (CT) with positive serology, the symptoms and signs of decompensated heart failure predominated such as: crepitant rales, jugular engorgement, hepatomegaly, orthopnea and angor; in the right and left branch block electrocardiogram, HBAI and repolarization disorder, while in the echocardiogram, left cavity dilatation and hypertrophy. Patients carrying the CC genotype with negative serology had a greater number of alterations in the Electrocardiogram and Echocardiogram such as: AV block, arrhythmias, ESV, prolonged QTc, LVH, dilation of left cavities with impaired systolic function and motility disorders, without finding significant differences between the groups. In this polymorphism, no association between genotype and clinical phenotype could be demonstrated. Logistic regression analysis showed that the C allele in seropositive patients was significantly associated with an increased risk of developing intraventricular conduction disorders (OR: 0.37 95% CI 0.17 - 0.85 p: 0.0182) and ventricular repolarization disorder (OR: 0.39 IC95 % 0.18 - 0.87 p: 0.02117), while seronegative patients showed diastolic dysfunction (OR: 10 95% CI 2 - 49.95 p: 0.0047). We evaluated whether the presence of T. cruzi DNA could confer more risk of greater symptomatology and conduction disorders, as was demonstrated in previous studies, since the persistence of the parasite exerts a chronic and continuous inflammation stimulus, systematically damaging the myocardium. The present results did not show greater symptoms and / or signs in positive Polymerase chain reaction patients, a fact that although it agrees with that proposed by the BENEFIT multicentre study that established that performing clearence of parasites by treatment did not improve the evolution of cardiomyopathy, it can be attributable to the number of patients studied. Half of the patients with Chagas disease exclusively, without comorbidities, presented the heterozygous genotype for both polymorphisms. In the present work we show that patients with positive serology for Chagas disease and presented the C allele of the H558R polymorphism have a greater susceptibility for conduction and myocardial repolarization disorders. The study of this polymorphism could be used as a possible marker of the appearance and progression of the cardiac manifestations of Chagas disease (30% of infected patients) and explain why the rest remain asymptomatic, allowing to stablish a more adequate prognosis and treatment for this pathology.
2021-12-10
Fil: Blasco, Romina. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Cátedra de Física Biomédica; Argentina.

Trypanosoma cruzi, agent de la maladie de chagas, est un parasite tres variable pour beaucoup de parametres biologiques. De plus, les populations naturelles du parasite presentent une structure des populations clonale. L'etude presentee ici a pour hypothese de travail que les divergences phylogeniques, s'etant accumulees entre clones naturels de t. Cruzi, ont un impact important sur la biodiversite de ce parasite. Il existe une forte correlation entre les distances genetiques (divergences phylogeniques) existant entre les clones, et les differentes caracteristiques biologiques. Ce travail souligne l'interet du cadre de genetique des populations dans l'etude de la variabilite genetique des microorganismes, et confirme l'utilite du concept de clone majeur en microbiologie

Previous analytical studies of the Russian-French artist Marc Chagall (Dieckmann 1981; Neumann 1959, 1979; Riedel 1983; Stein 1987) have emphasised the Jungian conceptualisation of archetypal imagery, and utilise Chagall as an artistic exemplar in support of archetypal theory. This study accepts the archetypal model and base for research, and refines the analytical discussion by incorporating Jung's concepts of religion and Individuation and Samuels' (1989:25-7) conceptualisation of the archetypal filter. The study initially defines: (1) The emergence patterns of archetypal imagery in Chagall's oeuvre during his eight decades of artistic development, and (2) Three 'life-time' periods delineated according to the artist's dates of migration and settlement between Russia, France, Germany, and America: Early-Life (1887-1922), Mid-Life (1923-1951), and Later-Life (1952-1985). A correlation is found between the emergence of, and increase in, Chagall's religious transformative imagery during critical periods in the artist's development, and collective 19th and 20th Century historical events in Russia and Europe. Four Chagallian image categories are then identified and examined for their religious and archetypal content: Natal Faith and The Bible; Zoomorphism, Bimorphism, and Anthropomorphism; Hierosgamos and the Alchemical Couple; and Christ and the Crucifixion. These images are significant for: (1) The visual replication of both physical and metaphorical instances of the transformation process, and (2) The presence of a sacredsecular binary. Discussion of Chagall's particular use of the sacred-secular binary within his imagery is augmented by the artist's writing on natal faith, spirituality, and the process and product of art. The argument is made that: visual emergences of religious transformative imagery concordant with critical points in Chagall's individuation development and/or collective change through historical events is suggestive of an archetypal expression. Chagall's artwork and his personal observations form a creative process perspective that is consistent with the expenencmg and expression of the spirit through the interiority of religious attitude.

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A febre tifóide é doença infecciosa de distribuição mundial e, estando estreitamente relacionada com baixos níveis sócio-econômicos, ocorre com maior freqüência nos países em desenvolvimento. Neste trabalho é apresentada a experiência do Instituto Evandro Chagas (IEe) com essa doença desde 1987 até 2004, período no qual se construiu uma casuística de 443 casos, todos diagnosticados por meio do isolamento da Salmonella Typhi no sangue e/ou nas fezes, sendo alguns deles complementados com a reação soro lógica de Widal. Os casos foram procedentes de Belém e do interior do Estado, ora encaminhados ao IEC pelas respectivas unidades do Sistema Único de Saúde para esclarecimento diagnóstico de síndrome febril, a maioria de curso prolongado, aqui designados como "demanda espontânea", ora detectados por ocasião da investigação de surtos ocorridos em localidades do interior. Discutiram-se aspectos relacionados à apresentação clínica, com ênfase às manifestações atípicas; à distribuição por gênero e faixa etária; à sazonalidade; e à distribuição por área de procedência, identificando-se os municípios de maior prevalência, e a distribuição por bairros, em relação aos casos procedentes de Belém. Foram discutidos, também, aspectos relacionados ao diagnóstico laboratorial com ênfase à aplicação dos métodos de cultivo (coprocultura e hemocultura) comparando o rendimento delas em relação ao tempo de doença e a relação dessas provas com a reação de Widal, comparando o valor desta como método auxiliar ou complementar no diagnóstico da doença. As análises estatísticas foram realizadas por meio do programa Bio Estat versão 3.0, aplicando-se o teste do qui-quadrado e teste "G" e a significância estatística foi aceita ao nível de 95%. Os resultados nos permitiram tirar as seguintes conclusões: 1) em situações de normalidade epidemiológica a febre tifóide acomete mais a faixa etária do adulto jovem, enquanto que, nas situações epidêmicas, a faixa etária mais atingida é a infantil; 2) existem homogeneidade entre as amostras provenientes dos casos de surtos e da demanda espontânea quanto à distribuição dos gêneros, sendo que o masculino está mais exposta à febre tifóide; 3) no interior do Estado a doença se mostrou mais freqüente nas regiões onde se concentra maior número de populações ribeirinhas e, em relação à capital, ela mostra a maior prevalência no bairro do Jurunas; 4) a enfermidade tem um perfil sazonal, que mostra a maior ocorrência na segunda metade do ano, favorecida provavelmente por fatores geo-climáticos e culturais; 5) a febre tifóide constitui sério problema de saúde pública no Estado do Pará, confirmando sua estreita relação com os elevados níveis de pobreza; 6) a fórmula leucocitária revelou padrão normal ou leucocitose em maior percentual em relação à leucopenia; 7) na abordagem laboratorial não se deve prescindir dos ensaios que visam ao isolamento em detrimento do teste sorológico, e a coprocultura e a hemocultura devem ser solicitadas em todos os casos sem se levar em conta o tempo de evolução do quadro clínico; 8) em nossa região, nas áreas onde não há disponibilidade das provas de cultivo a reação de Widal pode ser uma alternativa de valor diagnóstico; 9) é enfermidade de curso clínico prolongado e com manifestações clínicas atípicas (pneumonias e hepatite colestática) cujos sinais/sintomas, quando presentes, devem suscitar a suspeita por parte do investigador; 10) nas regiões de elevada endemicidade, a febre tifóide pode causar um impacto negativo na economia tanto pelos custos gerados com exames laboratoriais, tratamento, hospitalizações e eventuais intervenções cirúrgicas, como por afastar o trabalhador do seu posto de trabalho por um período de tempo prolongado.
Typhoid fever is an infection disease of world occurrence, but as it is strictly related with low socioeconomic levels it occurs most frequently in developing countries. In this work we present the experience of Instituto Evandro Chagas (IEC) with that disease since 1987 up to 2004, period in which a number of 443 cases was accumulated, all diagnosed by Salmonella Typhi’s isolation from blood or feces, being some of them complemented with Widal serologic reaction. The case were proceeding from Belém and the municipal districts of Pará state conduced to IEC by the respective Units from Health System for etiologic diagnosis of fever syndrome, most of them of persistent course, here designated as “spontaneous” demand, at that time detected during outbreak investigations occurred in the municipal districts. We discussed aspects related to the clinical presentation, with emphasis to the atypical manifestations, the distribution according to sex and age group, the seasoning, the distribution by origin area, identifying the municipal districts of larger prevalence, and the distribution by districts, in relation to the cases coming from Belém. We also discussed aspects related to the laboratorial diagnosis emphasizing the application of the cultivation methods (coproculture and hemoculture) comparing their performance concerning the time of disease and the relationship of those tests with Widal reaction, by measuring the value of these as auxiliary or complementary method in the diagnosis of the disease. Clinical, epidemiological and laboratorial analyses were made, using Bio Estat version 3.0 program by applying qui-square and G test and the statistic significance was accepted at 95% level. The results allowed us to have the following conclusions: 1) in situations of epidemic normality the typhoid fever affects more the young adult group, while, in the epidemic situations, the affected age group is the infantile; 2) there is homogeneity among the samples from cases of outbreaks and the spontaneous demand according to the gender distribution, but males are more exposed to typhoid fever; 3) in municipal districts of the State the disease was shown to be more frequent in the areas where it concentrates larger number of populations who live near rivers and, in relation to the capital, it showed larger prevalence in jurunas district; 4) the illness has a seasonal profile, which shows the largest occurrence in the second half of the year, probably favored by geo-climatic and cultural factors; 5) the typhoid fever constitutes serious problem of public health en the State do Pará, confirming its narrow relationship with the high poverty levels; 6) the leukocytic formula revealed normal pattern or leucocytosis compared to leucopenia; 7) in the laboratorial approach it should not dispense the assays that seek to the isolation in detriment of the serological test, and the coproculture and the hemoculture should be requested in all the cases without considering the time of evolution of the clinical situation; 8) in our area, where there is not availability of cultivation tests, Widal reaction can be an alternative of value diagnosis; 9) it is illness of persistent clinical course and with atypical clinical manifestations (pneumonias and cholestatic hepatitis) whose sings/symptoms, when presented, should raise the suspicion by the investigator; 10) in the areas high endemicity, the typhoid fever can cause a negative impact in the economy not only for the costs generated with laboratorial exams, treatment, hospitalizations and eventual surgical interventions, but also because it can let the worker to be away from work for a prolonged period of time.

The objective of this thesis is to analyze how existing data can address Chagas disease transmission risk in South America given data availability. A literature review was conducted to determine prominent variables that models use to assist with Chagas disease mitigation efforts, followed by a Web search to collect publicly available spatial data pertaining to these variables. The data were then used to create maps of data availability and in an agent-based model to identify which variables are most associated with disease transmission risk. Data availability varied widely across South America, and model results indicate that datasets related to household size and spatial housing arrangement are most important to Chagas disease infection in urban areas. Governments can use this information to better direct their resources to collect data and control the spread of triatomine vectors and Chagas disease more effectively, and potentially identify more cost-effective strategies for vector elimination.

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências da Saúde. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Pública
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No início de 2005 um fato novo e inesperado ocorreu no Estado de Santa Catarina. Surgiram as primeiras notícias sobre a possibilidade de contaminação da doença de Chagas por uma via pouco usual. Pessoas teriam sido infectadas e algumas mortes ocorridas após a ingesta do caldo-de-cana contaminado pelo protozoário responsável pela doença aguda. Os números de possíveis casos da doença e de vítimas foram aumentando gradualmente, iniciando uma busca incessante do foco inicial da contaminação e, concomitantemente, medidas preventivas para evitar um dano maior foram postas em ação. Em poucos dias o pânico e o medo tomaram conta não só dos catarinenses, mas também dos turistas que por aqui transitaram no fim do verão daquele ano. Turistas e moradores da região buscavam informações e tentavam se assegurar de não terem se contaminado. Através deste estudo objetivamos descrever o episódio tendo como referencial as notícias dos jornais locais impressos na época. Buscamos mostrar como se deu o surgimento do surto na imprensa e como foi esta repercussão em que o medo, real ou não, tomou conta da população e das autoridades na saúde pública. At the beginning of 2005 a new and unexpected fact occurred in the State of Santa Catarina. The first news had emerged informing on the possibility of contamination by Chagas' illness from a very unusual way. Some people would have been contaminated and some resulted in deaths after having ingested broth-of-sugar cane contaminated with the protozoa responsible for the acute form of the disease. The numbers of possible cases of the illness and victims had been gradually increased resulting in incessant search for the source of such contamination and simultaneously, preventive measures were put in action with the intension to reduce harm. In few days the panic and the fear had not only taken over the catarinenses, but also of the tourists who had been transited here at the end of the summer of same year. Tourists and local dwellers sought for information and tried to reassure that they were not contaminated. Through this study we aim to describe the episode at that time having as referential the printed matters' news of local periodicals. We search for evidences to show how the sprouting in the press occurred and how was repercussion in which the fear, real or not, spread all over the population and the public health authorities.

The cardiomyopathy is the main complication of Chagas disease. The baseline electrocardiogram (EKG) can demonstrate a wide range of abnormalities, and it is able to provide valuable clinical information regarding diagnosis and prognosis of this disease. The aim of this paper is to describe the evolution of the electrocardiographic findings after a mean 6.8 year follow up (+- 1.3 years), and make a correlation between the abnormalities that developed during this period and the decrease of the left ventricle ejection fraction (LVEF) of 5 percent or more. Methods: The trial was longitudinal, with prospective data acquisition. We enrolled patients with and without Chagas disease, from 15 to 55 years old, that met the inclusion criteria and did not have any other significant systemic or cardiac disease. The initial total sample consisted of 220 patients 30 in the control group and 190 in the chagasic group, enrolled from 1998 to 1999. 13 deaths occurred, all of them among the chagasic group (7.1% of the chagasic group), and they were not considered for this analysis. The final sample size was 153 patients, with a follow-up rate of 25 / 30 (83%) in the control group and 128 / 177 (72%) in the group with positive serology for Chagas disease. Results: During the follow up, 21 patients (18.7%) in the chagasic group and none of the patients in the control group had a significant decrease in the LVEF of 5% or more (p = 0.024). Over the study time, prolongation of the QRS complex duration, QT and QTc intervals, and increasing prevalence of low voltage on extremity leads were observed in the chagasic group. Only the occurrence of any electrocardiographic change and the prolongation of QRS duration correlate with the decrease of the LVEF of 5% or more. An increase of 0.005 seconds in the QRS complex duration has a sensitivity of 77.8% and specificity of 62.2% to distinguish the patients with a significant decrease of the LVEF. Conclusion: This study describes the follow up of an out-patient sample of chagasic patients, highlighting the importance of the EKG for the clinical management of these patients. The prolongation of the QRS complex e the new onset of electrocardiographic changes can help recognize the patients with a significant decrease in the LVEF.
A cardiopatia é a principal complicação da doença de Chagas. O eletrocardiograma (ECG) basal pode apresentar variada gama de alterações, fornecendo informações clínicas preciosas para diagnóstico e prognóstico. O estudo descreve a evolução eletrocardiográfica de, em média, 6,8 anos (+- 1.3 anos) nessa doença, correlacionando as anormalidades ocorridas no período com queda maior ou igual a 5% da fração de ejeção do ventrículo esquerdo (FEVE). Métodos: Trata-se de estudo longitudinal com coleta prospectiva de dados, tendo sido selecionados pacientes, chagásicos ou não, na faixa de 15 a 55 anos, que preencheram os critérios de inclusão e cuja avaliação inicial não sugeria a presença de outras doenças cardíacas ou sistêmicas significativas. A amostra de base foi constituída inicialmente com 220 pacientes, sendo que 30 eram controles e 190 chagásicos, estudados em 1998 e 1999. Houve 13 óbitos, todos entre os chagásicos (7.1% dos chagásicos), que não foram objeto do nosso estudo. O grupo que constituiu a amostra final do estudo foi de 153 pacientes, reavaliados entre 2004 e 2006, 25/30 (83% de seguimento) do grupo controle e 128/177 (72% de seguimento) do grupo com sorologia positiva para doença de Chagas. Foram identificadas as variáveis eletrocardiográficas associadas com diminuição significativa da FEVE (> ou = 5%). Resultados: Durante o período de seguimento, 21 pacientes do grupo Chagásico (18.7%) e nenhum dos não chagásicos apresentaram queda significativa da FEVE (p = 0.024). Com a evolução do estudo, no grupo dos chagásicos, houve aumento da duração do QRS e do intervalo QT e QTc, assim como na prevalência de baixa voltagem periférica. Apenas a presença de qualquer nova alteração eletrocardiográfica e o aumento na duração do QRS se correlacionaram com diminuição igual ou superior a 5% na FEVE. Um aumento do QRS de 0.005s tem sensibilidade de 77.8% e especificidade de 62.2% para reconhecer os pacientes com queda significativa da FEVE. Conclusão O estudo descreve o acompanhamento de uma amostra ambulatorial de pacientes chagásicos realçando o valor do ECG na condução clínica desses pacientes. O aumento da duração do complexo QRS e o aparecimento de novas alterações no ECG pode auxiliar no reconhecimento dos pacientes com diminuição significativa (igual ou superior a 5%) da FEVE.

Etude critique de la production de l'ecrivain espagnol juan chabas y marti (denia, province d'alicante, 1900 - la havane, cuba, 1954), divisee en deux par- ties, conformement a la biographie de l'auteur : 1900-1936 et 1936-1954. Le premie- re periode comprend l'analyse de ses trois romans (sin velas, desvelada, puerto de sombra et agor sin fin), et des essais publies tant par les quotidiens madrilenes (la libertad, luz), que par les revues litteraires de l'epoque (cervantes, alfar, revista de occidente, la gaceta literaria). On y analyse egalement ses travaux de critique litteraire (vuelo y estilo) et de nature historiographique. Chaque genre etudie est precede d'une introduction cherchant a resituer l'auteur et l'oeuvre dans leur contexte historico-litteraire. Cette premiere partie est completee par un chapitre consacre aux relations de chabas avec les membres de sa propre promo- tion litteraire ("generation de 1927" : r. Alberti, v. Aleixandre, j. Guillen, f. Garcia lorca, p. Salinas, etc. ) ainsi qu'aux etudes critiques que lui consacra chabas. La seconde partie recueille la production de l'auteur durant son exil a cuba, apres la guerre civile espagnole. Une large place est reservee a literatura espa- nola contemporanea (1898-1950) et a l'oeuvre de creation et de critique publiee a titre posthume (fabula y vida et poetas de todos los tiempos). Un autre volume compile toute l7oeuvre poetique de l'auteur, imprimee (espejos, arbol de ti naci- do) et inedite, presentee en edition critique : avec introduction et notes. Repertoires bibliographiques, index et deux appendices avec des textes inedits
Critical study of the production of the spanish writer juan chabas y marti (denia, alicante, 1900 - la habana, cuba, 1954), divided into two parts, according to the biography of the author himself : 1900-1936 and 1936-1954. The first period includes the analisis of his three novels (sin velas, desvelada, puerto de sombra and agor sin fin), and his activity as an essayist in the madrid press as well as in literary reviews of his epoch. This study also covers his critical essays on literature and history. Each studied artistic manner is preceded by an introduc- tion entending to place the author and his work in its historical and literary background. This first part is completed by a chapter on chabas' relationships with the members of his same literary generation and on the critical analisis of chabas of that generation ("generation of 1927" : r. Alberti, v. Aleixandre, j. Guillen, f. Garcia lorca, p. Salinas, etc), the second part includes chabas' work written during exile, after the spanish civil war and highlights more precisely literatura espanola contemporanea (1898-1950) and his creative and critical work published after his death (fabula y vida and poetas de todos los tiempos). In an another se- parated volume, all printed poetical (espejos, arbol de ti nacido) and unpublished work of the author is gathered and presented with a critical edition, an intro- duction and footnotes. Bibliographic catalogues, indexes and unpublished texts

Les propriétés d'un atome de gaz noble (He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe) en interaction avec une matrice de silicium ou de carbure de silicium cubique ont été déterminées à l'aide de simulations numériques ab initio et d'une technique de recherche des points cols, afin de mieux comprendre les premiers stades de la formation de défauts étendus de type bulle dans ces matériaux. Nous avons ainsi obtenu les configurations les plus stables et leurs énergies de formation, de type interstitiel dans un cristal parfait et de type complexe en présence de monolacunes et de bilacunes. Dans un second temps, nos simulations ont permis la détermination des mécanismes de migration des interstitiels de gaz nobles et des complexes, ainsi que les énergies d'activation associées, dans le cas du silicium. En particulier, nous proposons un nouveau mécanisme d'échange pour la migration d'un complexe gaz noble-bilacune. Dans tous les cas, la plupart des résultats s'explique par un effet stérique découlant du caractère inerte des gaz nobles, avec quelques exceptions concernant l'hélium. Enfin, les mécanismes permettant à un atome d'hélium ou de néon de sortir ou d'entrer dans une bulle déjà formée dans le silicium, ont été déterminés en prenant en compte l'influence de la pression et de la température au sein de la bulle. Ces travaux ont permis de montrer la perméabilité de la surface de Si, ainsi que d'estimer une pression interne comprise entre 3 et 6 GPa pour une bulle remplie d'hélium, en accord avec les expériences
The properties of a noble gas atom (He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe) interacting with a silicon or a cubic silicon carbide matrix have been determined using first-principles numerical simulations and a saddle points searching technique, in order to better understand the first steps of the formation of extended defects such as bubbles in these materials. Hence, we have obtained the most stable configurations, interstitials in a perfect crystal and complexes in presence of mono and divacancies, as well as their formation energies. In a second step, our simulations have allowed us to determine the migration mechanisms of noble gas interstitials and of complexes, and the associated activation energies, in the case of silicon. In particular, we propose a new exchange mechanism for the migration of a noble gasdivacancy complex. In all cases, most of our results can be explained by a sterical effect ensueing from the inert character of noble gas, with few exceptions for He. Finally, the mechanisms allowing for a He and Ne atom to enter or escape an already formed bubble in silicon, have been computed taking into account the influence of pressure and temperature into the bubble. These works revealed the permeability of the silicon surface, and indicate that the internal pressure for a He-filled bubble ranges from 3 to 6 GPa, in agreement with experiments

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Cette Dissertation a pour objetive général le recueillement, à partir de l’étude de quelques langages artistiques (arts plastiques, musique, dance, performance art et happening), de paramètres guidages qui contribuent pour la réalization d’une lecture de la poésie marginal, particulièrement de la production de Charles et Chacal, à ce qui concerne l’usage de l’ordinaire à la facture poétique. Nous cherchons dans ce processus de tracer les procedures utilisés par plusieurs artistes qui ont comme guide le travail avec l’ordinaire, à la fois em termes decontenu, comme le matériaux. En bref, nous objetivons comprendre comment le travail artistique transforme l’ordinaire en extraordinaire. Le processus investigative qui nous adoptons est divisé en trois étapes. La phase iniciale a été la description résumédes mécanismes à travers de quels l’ordinaire est materialisé dans l’ouvrage de quelques artistes, mouvements ou groupes à partir de la modernité littéraire. Pour ça nous outilisons de bibliographie spécifique, comme Goldberg (2007), ), Cohen (2004) e Carlson (2010). À la seconde étape nous traçons un panorama de la poésie marginal (Hollanda (198o); Pereira (1981); Mattoso (1980)), avec accentuation au ordinaire et la rélacionant aux arts au-dessus. À la troisième étape nous nous engageons au étude de l’ouvrage des deux poètes élus, Charles e Chacal, maisnous ne traitons que des oeuvres publiées chez 1971 et 1979, periode de developement et effervescense de la poésie marginal. Ça a été realisé à traves l’analyse de les poèmes, de critiques littéraire, de la situation historique de l’époque, et, surtout, soutenu avec les référenciellesrecueilliés avec l’étude des arts. Comme des résultats nous avons pu observer plusieurs similitudes entre les proceudures utilisés par les artistes travailés et la poésie marginal, et que l’usage de l’ordinaire dans la poésie et les arts était au service d’un idéal : la aproximation entre art et vie.
Esta dissertação tem como objetivo geral o recolhimento, a partir do estudo de algumas linguagens artísticas (artes plásticas, música, dança, performance art e happening), de parâmetros norteadores que contribuam para a realização de uma leitura da poesia marginal, sobretudo a produção de Chacal e a deCharles, no que diz respeito ao emprego do ordinário na fatura poética. Buscamos nesse processo mapear os procedimentos usados por vários artistas que têm como norte o trabalho com o ordinário, tanto no que tange ao conteúdo, quanto a materiais. Visamos compreender como o trabalho artístico transforma o ordinário em extraordinário. O processo investigativo que adotamos está dividido em três etapas. A fase inicial consiste na descrição sumária dos mecanismos pelos quais o ordinário é materializado nas obras de alguns artistas, movimentos, ou grupos a partir da modernidade literária. Para tanto nos valemos de bibliografia específica, como Goldberg (2007), Cohen (2004) e Carlson (2010). Na segunda etapa traçamos um panorama da poesia marginal (Hollanda (1980); Pereira (1981); Mattoso (1980)), dando ênfase ao ordinário e a relacionando às artes supracitadas. Na terceira etapa empreendemos o estudo das obras dos dois poetas eleitos: Chacal e Charles, mas realizando um recorte temporal, tratamos tão somente das obras publicadas entre 1971 e 1979, período de desenvolvimento e efervescência da poesia marginal. Isso foi realizado por meio da análise de poemas, de crítica literária, da situação histórica da época e, sobretudo, com o apoio dos referenciais coletados com o estudo das artes. Como resultados, pudemos observar várias semelhanças entre os procedimentos usados pelos artistas trabalhados e a poesia marginal e que o uso do ordinário nas artes e na poesia estava à serviço de um ideal: o estreitamento dos laços entre arte e vida.

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Um século após a descoberta da Doença de Chagas, essa doença ainda representa uma das mais importantes enfermidades parasitárias que afetam o ser humano. A subfamília dos Triatomíneos tem uma importância médico sanitária, uma vez que estes insetos são vetores do Trypanosoma cruzi, agente etiológico da Doença de Chagas e, também, uma relevância citológica por apresentar características celulares específicas, tais como a “persistência do material nucleolar” na espermatogênese. As células germinativas do reino animal apresentam em seu citoplasma corpos cromatóides, cujo termo em inglês é chromatoid body (CB), que podem se originar de material nucleolar que se fragmenta nas etapas iniciais da espermatogênese e exercem função importante na comunicação celular entre as espermátides durante o processo de espermiogênese. Atualmente, existem poucos estudos sobre o processo de nucleologênese e da formação de CBs, especialmente com ênfase à ultraestrutura das células envolvidas na espermatogênese de triatomíneos. Considerando a importância da Doença de Chagas e do conhecimento da fauna triatomínea, realizamos um levantamento dos pacientes chagásicos e um estudo sobre a biogeografia e as notificações dos triatomíneos da região Noroeste do Estado de São Paulo. Os dados coletados de 1995 a 2009 indicaram 700 indivíduos chagásicos demonstrando a faixa de 0 a 40 anos o que demonstra que a doença pode estar ativa nesta região. Além disso, dos pacientes atendidos com cardiomiopatia 44% eram portadores da Doença de Chagas. Em relação aos triatomíneos notificados e capturados no período de 2004 a 2009, as espécies observadas foram o Triatoma sordida e Rhodnius neglectus, sendo o T. sordida o mais abundante. Além disso, alguns triatomíneos estavam infectados pelo T. cruzi em vários estágios de desenvolvimento...
A century after the discovery of Chagas Disease, it is still one of the most important parasitic diseases affecting humans. The subfamily Triatominae is important for medical health, because these insects are vectors of Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiologic agent of Chagas Disease and also an important cytological relevance because they have specific cell characteristics, such as persistence of nucleolar material in spermatogenesis. The germ cells of the animal kingdom have chromatoid bodies (CBs) in their cytoplasm that can originate from nucleolar material that is fragmented in the early stages of spermatogenesis and play an important role in cellular communication between the spermatids during spermiogenesis. Currently there are few studies on the process and formation of the nucleologenesis CB, especially with emphasis on the ultrastructure of the cells involved in spermatogenesis of insects. Considering the importance of knowledge about the triatominea fauna, we conducted a study on the biogeography and insect reports and a survey of patients with Chagas Disease in the northwestern region of São Paulo state. Data collected from 1995 to 2009 indicated 700 individuals, with Chagas Disease demonstrating a range of 0 to 40 years that shows that the disease may be active in this region. Moreover, the 1150 patients treated with cardiomyopathy 44% are chagasic. Regarding the triatomine noted and captured in the period from 2004 to 2009, the specie were Triatoma sordida and Rhodnius neglectus, with T. sordida being the most abundant. In addition, some triatomine were infected by T. cruzi in several developmental stages. We also analyzed the nucleolar cycle and fibrillarin nucleolar protein expression in CB of spermatogenic cells of Triatoma infestans and Triatoma sordida, using histological, ultrastructural and immunocytochemistry. The results revealed fibrillarin nucleolar protein... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Orientador: Maria Tercília Vilela de Azeredo Oliveira
Banca: João Aristeu da Rosa
Banca: Hermione Elly Melara de Campos Bicudo
Banca: Fernanda Cristina Alcântara dos Santos
Banca: Patrícia Pasquali Parise Maltempi
Resumo: Um século após a descoberta da Doença de Chagas, essa doença ainda representa uma das mais importantes enfermidades parasitárias que afetam o ser humano. A subfamília dos Triatomíneos tem uma importância médico sanitária, uma vez que estes insetos são vetores do Trypanosoma cruzi, agente etiológico da Doença de Chagas e, também, uma relevância citológica por apresentar características celulares específicas, tais como a "persistência do material nucleolar" na espermatogênese. As células germinativas do reino animal apresentam em seu citoplasma corpos cromatóides, cujo termo em inglês é chromatoid body (CB), que podem se originar de material nucleolar que se fragmenta nas etapas iniciais da espermatogênese e exercem função importante na comunicação celular entre as espermátides durante o processo de espermiogênese. Atualmente, existem poucos estudos sobre o processo de nucleologênese e da formação de CBs, especialmente com ênfase à ultraestrutura das células envolvidas na espermatogênese de triatomíneos. Considerando a importância da Doença de Chagas e do conhecimento da fauna triatomínea, realizamos um levantamento dos pacientes chagásicos e um estudo sobre a biogeografia e as notificações dos triatomíneos da região Noroeste do Estado de São Paulo. Os dados coletados de 1995 a 2009 indicaram 700 indivíduos chagásicos demonstrando a faixa de 0 a 40 anos o que demonstra que a doença pode estar ativa nesta região. Além disso, dos pacientes atendidos com cardiomiopatia 44% eram portadores da Doença de Chagas. Em relação aos triatomíneos notificados e capturados no período de 2004 a 2009, as espécies observadas foram o Triatoma sordida e Rhodnius neglectus, sendo o T. sordida o mais abundante. Além disso, alguns triatomíneos estavam infectados pelo T. cruzi em vários estágios de desenvolvimento... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: A century after the discovery of Chagas Disease, it is still one of the most important parasitic diseases affecting humans. The subfamily Triatominae is important for medical health, because these insects are vectors of Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiologic agent of Chagas Disease and also an important cytological relevance because they have specific cell characteristics, such as "persistence of nucleolar material" in spermatogenesis. The germ cells of the animal kingdom have chromatoid bodies (CBs) in their cytoplasm that can originate from nucleolar material that is fragmented in the early stages of spermatogenesis and play an important role in cellular communication between the spermatids during spermiogenesis. Currently there are few studies on the process and formation of the nucleologenesis CB, especially with emphasis on the ultrastructure of the cells involved in spermatogenesis of insects. Considering the importance of knowledge about the triatominea fauna, we conducted a study on the biogeography and insect reports and a survey of patients with Chagas Disease in the northwestern region of São Paulo state. Data collected from 1995 to 2009 indicated 700 individuals, with Chagas Disease demonstrating a range of 0 to 40 years that shows that the disease may be active in this region. Moreover, the 1150 patients treated with cardiomyopathy 44% are chagasic. Regarding the triatomine noted and captured in the period from 2004 to 2009, the specie were Triatoma sordida and Rhodnius neglectus, with T. sordida being the most abundant. In addition, some triatomine were infected by T. cruzi in several developmental stages. We also analyzed the nucleolar cycle and fibrillarin nucleolar protein expression in CB of spermatogenic cells of Triatoma infestans and Triatoma sordida, using histological, ultrastructural and immunocytochemistry. The results revealed fibrillarin nucleolar protein... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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