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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Chaga (African people)

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Academic literature on the topic 'Chaga (African people)'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 28 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Chaga (African people)"

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Lusekelo, Amani, and Victor Mtenga. "Historicity of personal names in Tanzania: the case of the names in the Rombo-Chagga community in Kilimanjaro." International Journal of Modern Anthropology 2, no. 13 (July 7, 2020): 100–121. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijma.v2i13.3.

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The history of African societies, which are mostly oral, could be deciphered through onomastics. This is possible because naming practices, which are elaborate, and personal names, which are meaningful, are cherished in African communities. In most cases, the circumstances at birth, which split into several strands, dictate the choice of the name by the name-givers. Naming practice is an elaborate phenomenon amongst the Rombo-Chagga people of Kilimanjaro in Tanzania on two grounds. On the one hand, clan names are associated with Chagga calendar and socio-economic activities, e.g. Mkenda „born during unlucky days‟. On the other hand, home-names reveal circumstances at birth and historical events within the family and beyond, e.g. Ndekir‟yo„I am cured‟. In addition, amongst the Bantu speaking communities in Sub-Saharan Africa, naming practices have been influenced by Christianization, Islamicization and colonization. The personal names of the Rombo-Chagga people reveal the strands of religious (formal) names and foreign (English or Kiswahili) names, e.g. Barakaeli „God-bless‟.Keywords: Ethnohistory, Personal names, Language-in-contact, Rombo-Chagga, Tanzania

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Mendonça-Junior, Francisco Jaime Bezerra. "Special Issue “Drug Discovery of Antiprotozoal Agents”." Pharmaceuticals 17, no. 2 (January 30, 2024): 176. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ph17020176.

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Protozoal diseases, such as leishmaniasis, malaria, African sleeping sickness, Chagas disease, amoebiasis, giardiasis, cryptococcosis, and toxoplasmosis (among others), affect and/or have the potential to infect more than one billion people worldwide [...]

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Chami, Felix A., and Valence Valerian Silayo. "Neolithic and Early Iron Age Settlements of Mount Kilimanjaro’s Southern Slopes." Utafiti 18, no. 2 (November 3, 2023): 135–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/26836408-15020080.

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Abstract Some received theories argue that the modern Chagga people of Mount Kilimanjaro are recent immigrants; however the findings assembled here suggest otherwise. Archaeological surveys and excavations conducted on the southern slopes of Mount Kilimanjaro have revealed sites of the Early Iron Age (E.I.A.) and the Neolithic period. Thus archaeological analyses demonstrate that the Chagga, as Bantu speakers, are of cultural and genetic affiliation to E.I.A. and the Neolithic people, as has been found in many other parts of East Africa. The ceramic findings detailed here indicate that modern Chagga people living on these sites share a cultural continuity and genetic affinity with human settlements on Kilimanjaro established in prehistory.

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do Valle Moreira, Thales, Luan Carvalho Martins, Lucas Abreu Diniz, Talita Cristina Diniz Bernardes, Renata Barbosa de Oliveira, and Rafaela Salgado Ferreira. "Screening the Pathogen Box to Discover and Characterize New Cruzain and TbrCatL Inhibitors." Pathogens 12, no. 2 (February 4, 2023): 251. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12020251.

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Chagas disease and Human African Trypanosomiasis, caused by Trypanosoma cruzi and T. brucei, respectively, pose relevant health challenges throughout the world, placing 65 to 70 million people at risk each. Given the limited efficacy and severe side effects associated with current chemotherapy, new drugs are urgently needed for both diseases. Here, we report the screening of the Pathogen Box collection against cruzain and TbrCatL, validated targets for Chagas disease and Human African Trypanosomiasis, respectively. Enzymatic assays were applied to screen 400 compounds, validate hits, determine IC50 values and, when possible, mechanisms of inhibition. In this case, 12 initial hits were obtained and ten were prioritized for follow-up. IC50 values were obtained for six of them (hit rate = 1.5%) and ranged from 0.46 ± 0.03 to 27 ± 3 µM. MMV688246 was found to be a mixed inhibitor of cruzain (Ki = 57 ± 6 µM) while MMV688179 was found to be a competitive inhibitor of cruzain with a nanomolar potency (Ki = 165 ± 63 nM). A putative binding mode for MMV688179 was obtained by docking. The six hits discovered against cruzain and TbrCatL are of great interest for further optimization by the medicinal chemistry community.

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Mallya, Gerald John. "Phonological Processes in Chagga Nativized Lex-emes Borrowed From Standard Swahili: A Chagga - English Comparative Study." Indonesian Journal of English Language Studies (IJELS) 4, no. 1 (October 29, 2018): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.24071/ijels.v4i1.1635.

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Linguistics as a present study, acts as an instrument towards promoting local languages. This recent study aims at studying some of phonological processes in Chagga language (Particularly Kibosho and Marangu varieties). Chagga is a Bantu language family spoken by Chagga people of Tanzania, south of Mount Kilimanjaro. Borrowing is the act of taking a word or a phrase from one language and used it in another language. The present study is carried out under Generative CV Phonology Theory, developed by linguists, Keyser and Clements in (1983). This theory strives to guide the present study on scrutinize phonological processes with their rules in Kibosho and Marangu varieties. The very study is the phonological type of study which employs qualitative method. The study employs Interview to observe the pronunciation by native speakers, voice note as linguistic variable need for homogenous resemblance of the uttered lexical items and the phonological processes. To answer study question one the study observes there are three major causes of phonological processes in Chagga as in English with very little variations namely: Phonological processes motivated by syllable structure rules [vowel insertion/ epenthesis], Phonological processes in Chagga language affecting syllable [consonant deletion] and Phonological processes motivated by phonemic reasons [cluster tolerance, feature change]. In adhering problem two the study has found similar phonological processes between English and Chagga with very little differences especially on phonemes which undergo the changes hence advocates for further analyses in local African and Asian languages to pursue a similar study or any nearly phonological study in order to preserve and promote local linguistics contents from ones native language.Keywords: Phonological processes, Nativazation, Phonological rules, Chagga languageI

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Soro, N’golo Aboudou. "Les Amazoulous d’Abdou Anta Kâ ou la représentation tragique de la fratrie." Voix Plurielles 10, no. 2 (November 28, 2013): 336–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.26522/vp.v10i2.869.

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Dans Les Amazoulous de Abdou Anta Kâ, Chaka est un « bâtard » devenu le guide de la multitude du peuple Zoulou. Au-delà de l’héroïsme mythique de Chaka qu’elle véhicule, la pièce permet de saisir l’accomplissement du destin glorieux d’un enfant renié par son père, pourchassé par ses demi-frères et qui réussit à s’imposer et à imposer la trajectoire qu’il a voulu donner à l’histoire de son peuple. Cependant, une tension gouverne les relations entre Chaka et son demi-frère. Cette rivalité aboutie à l’assassinat de Chaka. Ce fratricide, source de tragédie précipite Latyr dans la boue de l’histoire. Il est maudit pour son acte ignoble. L’œuvre donne l’occasion au dramaturge de mettre sur les planches la rivalité au sein de la fratrie. Kâ semble poser les problématiques de la fratrie et de la gestion de l’héritage dans la famille polygame africaine. In Abdou Anta Ka’s “Amazoulous”, Chaka is a "bastard" who became the guide of the Zulu multitude people. Beyond Chaka’s mystical heroism carries, the play allows to grasp the glorious destiny fulfillment of a child disowed by his father, chased by his half-brothers and who managed to impose and enforce the path he wanted to his people’s history. However, tension governs the relationship between Shaka and his half-brother. This rivalry resulted in the murder of Shaka. This fratricide, source of tragedy precipitates Latyr in the mud of the history. He is cursed for his ignoble act. The work gives the opportunity to the playwright to put on stage the rivalry among the siblings. Kâ seems to pose the siblings and heritage management in the African polygamous family.

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Gómez i Prat, Jordi, Helena Martínez Alguacil, Sandra Pequeño Saco, Hakima Ouaarab Essadek, Jordi Montero i Garcia, Oriol Catasús i Llena, and Jacobo Mendioroz Peña. "Implementation of a Community-Based Public Model for the Prevention and Control of Communicable Diseases in Migrant Communities in Catalonia." Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease 8, no. 9 (September 14, 2023): 446. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed8090446.

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In high-income countries, migrant populations have a greater epidemiological vulnerability: increased exposure to infectious diseases, difficulties in diagnosis, case follow-up and contact tracing, and obstacles following preventive measures related to cultural and administrative barriers. This study aims to describe the implementation of a community-based program to address these challenges. The target population is the migrant native population from North Africa, South Asia, Sub-Saharan Africa, Eastern Europe, and Latin America resident in Catalonia during 2023. Implementation phases include the identification of the perceived needs, search, recruitment and capacity building of 16 community health workers, and the development of a computer software. From January to June 2023, 117 community-based interventions have been implemented, reaching 677 people: 73 community case and contacts management interventions, 17 community in-situ screenings (reaching 247 people) and 27 culturally adapted health awareness and education actions (reaching 358 people). The program addresses the following infectious diseases: tuberculosis, Chagas disease, hepatitis C, typhoid, scabies, hepatitis B, mumps and tinea capitis. The implementation of a community-based model may be key to improving surveillance communicable diseases, promoting an equitable and comprehensive epidemiological surveillance system.

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Stone, Michael E. "Teaching Relationships between Area and Perimeter with The Geometer's Sketchpad." Mathematics Teacher 87, no. 8 (November 1994): 590–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/mt.87.8.0590.

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The question “What shape will have the largest area for a given perimeter?” identifies an important relationship between area and perimeter that has long been intuitively realized in many cultures. Zaslavsky points out that numerous cultures make practical use of this relationship between area and perimeter: cylindrical houses in West Africa, beehive houses of the Chagga people of Mount Kilimanjaro, and hemispherical igloos of the Eskimo people. While struggling to cope with their environments, all these cultures used available materials to build dwellings with shapes that maximized floor space. Since perimeter is limited by the available materials, determining what shape will have the largest area is very important to people who find materials difficult to work with or hard to obtain. Mathematics is integrally related to social studies and architecture (Zaslavsky 1989, 19). The purpose of this activity is to go beyond intuition and instill a conceptual understanding of relationships between area and perimeter.

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Banerjee, Hiren, Barbara Knoblach, and Richard A. Rachubinski. "The early-acting glycosome biogenic protein Pex3 is essential for trypanosome viability." Life Science Alliance 2, no. 4 (July 24, 2019): e201900421. http://dx.doi.org/10.26508/lsa.201900421.

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Trypanosomatid parasites are infectious agents for diseases such as African sleeping sickness, Chagas disease, and leishmaniasis that threaten millions of people, mostly in the emerging world. Trypanosomes compartmentalize glycolytic enzymes to an organelle called the glycosome, a specialized peroxisome. Functionally intact glycosomes are essential for trypanosomatid viability, making glycosomal proteins as potential drug targets against trypanosomatid diseases. Peroxins (Pex), of which Pex3 is the master regulator, control glycosome biogenesis. Although Pex3 has been found throughout the eukaryota, its identity has remained stubbornly elusive in trypanosomes. We used bioinformatics predictive of protein secondary structure to identify trypanosomal Pex3. Microscopic and biochemical analyses showed trypanosomal Pex3 to be glycosomal. Interaction of Pex3 with the peroxisomal membrane protein receptor Pex19 observed for other eukaryotes is replicated by trypanosomal Pex3 and Pex19. Depletion of Pex3 leads to mislocalization of glycosomal proteins to the cytosol, reduced glycosome numbers, and trypanosomatid death. Our findings are consistent with Pex3 being an essential gene in trypanosomes.

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González-Montero, María-Cristina, Julia Andrés-Rodríguez, Nerea García-Fernández, Yolanda Pérez-Pertejo, Rosa M. Reguera, Rafael Balaña-Fouce, and Carlos García-Estrada. "Targeting Trypanothione Metabolism in Trypanosomatids." Molecules 29, no. 10 (May 9, 2024): 2214. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules29102214.

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Infectious diseases caused by trypanosomatids, including African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness), Chagas disease, and different forms of leishmaniasis, are Neglected Tropical Diseases affecting millions of people worldwide, mainly in vulnerable territories of tropical and subtropical areas. In general, current treatments against these diseases are old-fashioned, showing adverse effects and loss of efficacy due to misuse or overuse, thus leading to the emergence of resistance. For these reasons, searching for new antitrypanosomatid drugs has become an urgent necessity, and different metabolic pathways have been studied as potential drug targets against these parasites. Considering that trypanosomatids possess a unique redox pathway based on the trypanothione molecule absent in the mammalian host, the key enzymes involved in trypanothione metabolism, trypanothione reductase and trypanothione synthetase, have been studied in detail as druggable targets. In this review, we summarize some of the recent findings on the molecules inhibiting these two essential enzymes for Trypanosoma and Leishmania viability.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Chaga (African people)"

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Carr, Elizabeth P. "Community and land attachment of Chagga women on Mount Kilimanjaro, Tanzania /." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2004. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd424.pdf.

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Christian, Elaine. "Shepherds, Servants, and Strangers: Popular Christianity, Theology, and Mission among Tanzanian Lutheran Ministers." Thesis, 2017. https://doi.org/10.7916/D8MK6K7X.

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This dissertation is an ethnographic description of how pastors (and other ministers) in the Northern Diocese of the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Tanzania understand and carry out their ministry: How they reflect, mediate, and influence local Christian practice and identities; how theology and theologizing forms an integral part of their social worlds; and how navigating and maintaining relationships with Christian mission partnerships (including “short-term mission”) becomes an important part of their ministry. Drawing from fieldwork conducted between June 2014 and September 2015, I present an account of Christianity that adds to anthropological scholarship by emphasizing the role of theology as a grounded social practice, and considers the increasingly divergent character of Christian mission and its role in modern Tanzanian Christianity. Additionally, I offer a contribution to existing scholarship on Christianity by focusing on pastors as a central mediating figure in Christianity, showing how, in their work, Christian practice, theology, and mission are experienced in social relationships. I demonstrate how theology and theologizing directly address local negotiations of Christian identity and practice, I examine the articulation between theological debates and Tanzanian experiences of mission, and I describe how mission in Tanzania has been and continues to be contextually understood with reference to the local practice of Christianity.

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Books on the topic "Chaga (African people)"

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Raum, Otto Friedrich. Chaga childhood: A description of indigenous education in an East African tribe. Hamburg: LIT, 1996.

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Mosha, R. Sambuli. The heartbeat of indigenous Africa: A study of the Chagga educational system. New York: Falmer Press, 1999.

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3

Campbell, Eric. The year of the leopard song. San Diego: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1992.

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Campbell, Eric. The year of the leopard song. Walton-on Thames: Nelson, 1993.

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5

Soini, Eija. Changing landscapes and livelihoods on the southern slopes of Mt. Kilimanjaro, Tanzania. Nairobi, Kenya: [World Agroforestry Centre, 2000.

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Nkondokaya, Vincent Geoffrey. Asili ya Waseuta, yaani, Wazigua, Wanguu, Wasambaa, Wabondei, Wakilindi na Waluvu. [Tanga? Tanzania]: Mradi wa Historia ya Makabila ya Mkoa wa Tanga, 2003.

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7

Urio, Aaron. The concept of memory in the Chagga life cycle in relation to Christian Eucharistic traditions. Erlangen: Evangelical Lutheran Mission Publishing House, 1990.

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8

Makule, Alice Oforo. Historia ya makabila ya Mkoa wa Kilimanjaro. [Tanzania]: Mradi wa Historia ya Wachaga wa Mkoa wa Kilimanjaro, 2003.

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Maanga, Godson S. Church growth in Tanzania: The role of Chagga migrants within the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Tanzania. Arusha, Tanzania: Makumira Publications, 2012.

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Lehmann, Steffen. Leipziger Missionare und kolonialer Alltag auf dem "Missionsfeld" am Kilimanjaro 1893-1939. Leipzig: Universität Leipzig, 2003.

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Book chapters on the topic "Chaga (African people)"

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"The Kinetoplastid Infections: Human African Trypanosomiasis (Sleeping Sickness), Chagas’ Disease, and the Leishmaniases." In Forgotten People, Forgotten Diseases, 81–102. American Society of Microbiology, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/9781555816339.ch7.

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"The Kinetoplastid Infections: Human African Trypanosomiasis (Sleeping Sickness), Chagas Disease, and the Leishmaniases." In Forgotten People Forgotten Diseases, 115–48. American Society of Microbiology, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/9781555818753.ch7.

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Gmelch, George, and Sharon Bohn Gmelch. "In the Shadow of Kilimanjaro." In In the Field, 201–20. University of California Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/california/9780520289611.003.0012.

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This chapter describes the experiences of anthropology students in the East African city of Moshi, Tanzania. Moshi, located on the lower slopes of Mount Kilimanjaro and home to the Chagga people, is a center for mountain climbing and wildlife tourism. The students live with local families and cope with the challenges of life in an developing country--frequent power outages, hazardous traffic, malaria-carrying mosquitos, poverty, and a different sense of time and gender relations—which pose problems for their health, psychological well-being, and research objectives. They adapt and, in the process, reassess some of their own values.

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Phillipson, J. D., C. W. Wright1, G. C. Kirby, and D. C. Warhurst. "Phytochemistry of some plants used in traditional medicine for the treatment of protozoal Diseases." In Phytochemistry of Plants Used in Traditional Medicine, 95–136. Oxford University PressOxford, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198577751.003.0005.

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Abstract There is a need to develop new antiprotozoal drugs which have novel structures and novel modes of action. Protozoa are responsible for several diseases which are of worldwide importance, including amoebiasis, giardiasis, leishmaniasis, malaria, and trypanosomiasis. It has been estimated that some 270 million people are infected with malaria and that approximately half of the world’s population is at risk because they either live in, or visit, areas where the disease is common (Laitman 1990). Three hundred and fifty million are at risk of contracting leishmaniasis, 90 million, Chagas’ disease (Trypanosoma cruzi infections), and 50 million, African sleeping sickness (T. bruce infections) each year (Laitman 1990). Intestinal protozoa including Entamoeba histolytica, the cause of amoebiasis, and Giardia intestinalis, the cause of giardiasis, are responsible for 42 million and 200 million infections annually, respectively (Guerrant 1986; Boreham 1991).

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Fabris, Marcieli, Kaio Maciel de Santiago-Silva, Camilo Henrique da Silva Lima, Marcelle de Lima Ferreira Bispo, and Priscila Goes Camargo. "Anti-trypanosomatid Drugs/Candidates in Clinical Trials: What's New and What's Missing?" In Frontiers in Drug Design and Discovery: Volume 12, 1–63. BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/9789815165258123120002.

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Parasites and infectious agents are responsible for neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) that affect many countries worldwide. At least one NTD is found 149 countries, mostly in low-income countries with poor sanitation, and it impacts over a billion people. According to the World Health Organization, trypanosomiasis is a group of protozoan infections that cause Chagas disease (Trypanosoma cruzi), Human African Trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness - Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense or Trypanosoma brucei gambiense), and Leishmaniasis (Leishmania spp. - Trypanosomatidae family), which are all considered NTDs. It is estimated that approximately 500,000 deaths from NTD infections occur annually worldwide. Despite the many cases associated with NTDs, treatments for most of these diseases are available. However, they are associated with significant adverse effects and a growing number of drug-resistant microorganisms and require parenteral administration. Besides that, many trypanosomatid diseases are zoonotic, making eradication extremely difficult. In this way, despite scientific progress over the years, some drug discovery goals remain unmet, such as the development of new therapeutic classes, reduced toxicity, improved administration regimens, or the development of combination therapies. Therefore, this chapter intends to present the six categories of drugs, i.e., the currently used therapeutic agents, nitroaromatic compounds, azole antifungal, benzoxaboroles, nitrogen heterocycles, and miscellaneous agents in clinical trials for NTDs, focusing on infections caused by trypanosomatids. In addition, the review approach presents the development process of the new drugs or treatment regimens in Phase I, II, III, and IV studies of the clinical trials based on the Drugs for Neglected Diseases initiative (DNDi) portfolio published in December 2020.

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Conference papers on the topic "Chaga (African people)"

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"Targeting peroxisomal transport in trypanosoma." In 4th International Conference on Biological & Health Sciences (CIC-BIOHS’2022). Cihan University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24086/biohs2022/paper.566.

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Human infection with Trypanosoma parasites (Chagas disease and Human African Trypanosomiasis) affects around 10 million people worldwide resulting in life-threatening disease. Treatment options are limited to historic drugs characterized by significant side effects and decreasing efficacy while new drug development efforts are largely neglected. Here, we review drug discovery effort in human trypanosomiasis undertaken in academia. Peroxisomal (Pex) transport system was validated as a target in Chagas disease and a number of compounds were delivered which have shown promising results in animal experiments. Future perspectives of exploring the Pex system in anti-trypanosoma drug development are discussed.

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