Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Chaîne globale de valeur'
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Ferrando, Tomaso. "Land and territory in global production : a critical legal chain analysis." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015IEPP0028.
Full textHistorically, land has been central to the construction of states, along with social distinctions and attributions of power that characterize each community. With different modalities and in different contexts, occupations, treaties and enclosures have shaped the political and legal structure of nations, including who owned the right to exclude and the territorial limits of authority. However, the interrelation between land, territory and global production has received little attention from legal scholars who are interested in the generation and distribution of value in contemporary supply chain capitalism.For the reasons mentioned above, I wrote this dissertation with the objective of exposing the role that law has in determining how land and territory are integrated in transnational capitalism, particularly when it comes to transforming them into sources of value that can be appropriated. According to the 'critical legal chain approach' that I explain in my work, law is not only a connector that allows intra-chain coordination between different hubs of the network but also a central element in the construction, reproduction and existence of each node of the chain and of the whole system of production. As a consequence, law deals with the allocation of bargaining power among the different actors at the micro-level (state, capital, labor) and is involved in the distribution of value and resources at the macro-level (throughout the chain). In Chapter I, the European Renewable Energy Directive, Bilateral Investment Treaties and investment agreements are presented as legal structures that are only superficially operating at different legal levels and in different geographies.Chapter II focuses on the role that 'foreign' courts have in defining the form and mechanisms of production elsewhere in the world. Adopting a combination of Private International Law and Global Value Chains analysis, the Chapter engages with the Alien Tort Statute (ATS) as a privileged jurisdictional space for transnational tort adjudication.Chapter III harnesses the complexity of global chains of production to think about alternative forms of redistributive legal intervention. In particular, the case of the 'blood sugar' chain originating in Cambodia is utilized as laboratory for a theoretical reflection that starts from the recognition that changes in the form and geographies of production can be obtained through the redefinition of legal structures not immediately related with the issue under investigation
Hasni, Radhouane. "Exigences environnementales et accès au marché : application au textile-habillement : le cas de la Tunisie." Thesis, Bordeaux 4, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR40016/document.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis is to determine the effect of environmental standards on trade inTextile-Apparel products and to analyse the strategies adopted by developing countries, withspecific reference to Tunisia. Voluntary and mandatory environmental requirements havemainly affected the textile industry and could replace traditional instruments of protectionismafter the dismantling of the Multifibre Arrangement in 2005. The result of statistical andeconometric analysis indicates a positive effect of environmental certification on exports ofcertain apparel products towards the European market denoting the importance of this newtrend. The study is focused upon the Tunisian firms’ positioning in the global value chain ofTextile-Apparel industry and strategies which they will have to implement in order to be ableto meet environmental standards. Our results show the difficulty of Tunisian firms to besuccessful in industrial upgrading. Environmental requirements heighten their dependence onEuropean suppliers of the textile industry and prevent the transition from the originalequipment assembly to original Equipment Manufacturer. Lastly, the thesis discusses theeffectiveness of “Tunisian Ecolabel” program and the determinants for adopting theenvironmental certifications by Tunisian firms’ of the Textile-Apparel industry
Xavier, pedroza filho Manoel. "Pertinence de la chaîne globale de valeur pour l'étude du marché de la fleur coupée dans l'union européenne et de ses implications dans les pays en voie de développement : le cas de la France et du Brésil." Thesis, Montpellier, SupAgro, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010NSAM0002.
Full textChanges in the French cut flower market are indicative of developments at the European level, in particular the consolidation of traditionally fragmented retail. Supermarkets along with florists franchises are leading this consolidation which has seen the reorganization of the entire supply chain. This analysis of the French cut flower market begins with a study of new modes of governance arising from retail reorganization. It then continues with a thorough study of the impacts of this new governance on actors at the upstream of the GVC (Global Value Chain). The methodology focuses on multiple case studies based on different GVC actors in France, Holland and Brazil. A major consequence of GVC restructuring is the strengthening of links between retailers, importers and foreign producers. While the retailers eliminated some intermediaries such as Dutch auctions and wholesalers, the importers increased their role by upsizing among them. The takeover of the GVC by retailers heavily impacts on producers in terms of volume, innovation, competitive pricing and quality standards. It mainly results in downstream integration of production which brings out PO (Producer Organizations) and excluded a part of unorganized small producers from the market. The case of Brazil confirms that the organization of the production sector is the essential condition of its access to a market driven by European retailers
Pham, Thanh thao. "Stratégies de survie et de croissance dans un contexte de turbulence.Le cas des petites et moyennes entreprises dans le photovoltaïque." Thesis, Paris Est, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PESC1020.
Full textThe overall objective of this thesis is to investigate the survival capacities of actors operating in the photovoltaic industry, that is to say, in a fragmented segment of a value chain whose end-markets experienced turbulence. I intend to contribute to a better understanding of the diversification strategy of: (1) smaller and private firms; (2) non-or-low-tech companies; (3) in a specific economic environment (i.e. the context of turbulence). I conducted interviews and realized a quantitative study of 103 firms.The contributions are threefold.First, I propose a new taxonomy of industrial diversification based on the frontier of an industry and a market. Four possibilities derive from the intersection of intra- and inter-industry diversification: (1) single-business enterprises; (2) intra-industry diversifiers; (3) inter-industry diversifiers in two industries; and (4) inter-industry diversifiers in more than two industries.Second, I identify four business models that derive from these four strategies, which allows me to argue that there can only be a limited number of business models in an industry.Finally, this study identifies two factors impacting a firm’s survival capabilities and growth performance of SMEs in the medium term resulting in four growth performances: (1) the managers’ business horizon focus, and (2) timing of business responses. The results show four trajectories of firm performance. Moreover, while higher performers are more inclined to engage in retrenchment strategies that reduce their overall performance, lower performers tend to invest large amounts, resulting in a better performance. It results in a homogenization of firm performance over time
Nakaa, Mounira. "Chaînes de valeurs globales, commerce international et organisation des entreprises." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS504.
Full textMy thesis is about global value chains and international trade.Technological progress and lower communication costs have foster the fragmentation of the process of production across countries and sectors and the expansion of global value chains. This new organization led to major changes in international trade flows and a growing interconnectedness of economies.The objective of this thesis is to study the impact of the organization of global value chains on international trade either at the macroeconomic level (countries’ comparative advantages) or microeconomic (firm performances).This thesis is organized on three chapters. The first chapter assesses the impact of global value chains on the comparative advantages of countries based on value added trade data.In this first chapter, I investigate the organization of global value chains based on comparative advantages. I show that comparative advantages are different when computed using value added trade data compared to gross trade data, which leads to a different sectoral specialization in a global value chain. The identification of the determinants of comparative advantages shows the importance of the quality of institutions, its impact is greater than traditional factors like labor or capital.The two last chapters study global value chains through plants in the aircraft industry in France, in the region Midi-Pyrénées Aquitaine.The second chapter provides empirical evidence of the impact of outsourcing and its origin on plant level performance in the aircraft sector based on panel data from 2006 to 2011. Specifically, I study the impact of the localization of outsourcing and show that, in average, plants that outsource their activities both domestically and internationally exhibit a higher productivity level, compared to plants not outsourcing or outsourcing only domestically. Quantile regressions shows that this effect is higher for lower productive plants.The last chapter describes the impact of the 2007-2008 financial crisis on plants on the aircraft sector in France. I identify two types of plants, generic outsourcers, producing standardized goods, and contractual outsourcers, producing customized goods. I show that generic outsourcers were more resilient during the crisis than contractual ones. Digitization, which reduces coordination costs and exporting activities, which permits to diversify their markets, explain part of the resilience of generic outsourcers to the crisis impact
Wassouf, Kenan. "Les déterminants de la fidélité des consommateurs au commerce de détail cross-canal : application au système drive." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0375.
Full textThe main objective of this thesis is to identify and understand the key factors that contribute to consumer loyalty to a Drive-in in a cross-channel distribution context. It consists of two parts.In the first part, we present a literature review around four fields of research: commercial innovation, cross-channel distribution strategy, cross-channel behavior and consumer loyalty. We complete this part with an exploratory qualitative study (in-depth interviews with consumers). These two steps allowed us to propose a conceptual model of the perceived quality of service of the Drive-in and its effects on the mental representations of the consumer (perceived overall value and satisfaction) as well as on its fidelity to the evaluated Drive-in.The second part is devoted to testing the hypotheses, the research model, and the analysis of the results. For this, a quantitative survey was conducted among 500 consumers of Drive-in. Respondents were divided into two sub-samples (N1 = 150 and N2 = 350) to perform exploratory and confirmatory factor analyzes. The general model test and research hypotheses were conducted using the structural equations method. In detail, to run the PLS-PM (Partial least squares) modeling, we employed XLSTAT 2017 software. Our results confirm that in a context of cross-channel distribution, the overall evaluation of a consumer does not depend on a channel, but it is related to the integration of the used channels which creates an original, pleasant and interesting experience for consumers. With the integration of channels, Drive-in consumers have an original, pleasant and interesting experience which contributes to the creation of consumer loyalty
Marin, Pérez José Aramis. "La construction de la valeur en entrepreneuriat social : proposition d’un modèle pour la conception d’une valeur globale." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0285/document.
Full textIn this thesis, we are interested in understanding how social entrepreneurs create value. Our goal is to model the process of value creation that we observed on a short supply chain project through an action research methodology. The sociology of translation and discourse analysis have been used to take into account the complexity of the definition, the perception and the process of sharing the value of a social enterprise project. We want to demonstrate that value creation in social entrepreneurship is an interactive, dynamic and complex translation process. It takes into account a multitude of visions and representations on the satisfaction of the needs of each stakeholder that will affect not only the design and the implementation of economic activity, but also their social and environmental impact. We have observed that social entrepreneurs construct the value of their project by identifying a social need, or by committing themselves to a societal ideal that they will incorporate into their values on a personal scale. This adoption process will determine the intentionality of their entrepreneurial action, the sustainability of which will depend on the support of their network and the overall coherence of the organization itself. We therefore proposed, at the field level, the improvement of a heuristic tool to support value creation and, at the theoretical level, a framework for understanding social entrepreneurship based on the actions of entrepreneurs and the perception of their stakeholders
Akbari, Jokar Mohammad Reza. "Sur la conception d'une chaîne logistique : une approche globale d'aide à la décision." Grenoble INPG, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001INPG0124.
Full textGirma-Vidal, Béatrice. "Dépendance et pouvoir perçus dans la chaîne de valeur : quels impacts sur la relation et la performance client-fournisseur ? : Une étude de cas appliquée aux industries aéronautique, spatiale et de défense." Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU10020/document.
Full textKone, Arouna. "Mécanismes de gouvernance et performance de la filière coton du Mali." Phd thesis, Université d'Angers, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00968649.
Full textKone, Arouna. "Mécanismes de gouvernance et performance de la filière coton du Mali." Phd thesis, Angers, 2011. https://theses.hal.science/tel-00968649.
Full textTo consider the difficulties of the African Cotton Channel, most studies put an emphasis upon exogenous factors, mainly subsidies of Nothern Countries. This research focus on endogenous factors. More specifically, it studies the influence of mechanisms of governance on performance of the Cotton Channel of Mali. Four governance mechanisms ( partnership, trust, contract and power) are thought to influence the two dimensions of the performance : financial and non-financial performance. On the one hand, this research analyses the direct effects are mediated through organizational learning. A survey questionnaire has been elaborated and administered nearby a sample of 1,069 cotton smallholders in the cerle of Koutiala. The findings of the analyses of regression with simultaneous equations show that three mechanisms of governance impact the performance of the channel. The partnership and the trust have positive effects on efficiency, improvement ot outcomes and satisfaction of smallholders towards their relationship with CMDT. The contractual governance influences positively the efficiency. However, when their effects are mediated by organizational learning, these mechanisms of governance have no impact on the performance. They are efficient only through their direct effects. To manage efficiently the relationships between actors and ta reach a better performance of the cotton channel, it is necessary to use a multidimensional form of governance, through the combination of three mechanisms of governance : the partnership-based governance, trust and contractual governance
Lectard, Pauline. "Les déterminants de la transformation productive soutenable dans le contexte des chaînes de valeur globales : une application aux pays en développement." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0353/document.
Full textThe analysis we present in this dissertation emerges from a confrontation of the recent literature on structural change and the literature on global value chains. Productive transformation is almost exclusively analysed through exports transformation. However, the international fragmentation of production makes this export-based approach hazardous. The potential gap between factor content of exports and countries’ factor endowments imply that exports modernization may only be an illusion. We address the complex and multidimensional nature of structural change given the current economic context and we examine innovative determinants of structural transformation. We develop the idea of a sustainable structural transformation that we describe through aggregate indicators. The analysis of the determinants through descriptive and econometric methods reveals risks of lock-in situations as well as risks of immiserising specialisation in the industrialization process, specifically in the textile and electronic sectors. We also find that defying factor endowments encourages diversification towards sophisticated exports. However this transformation is unsustainable especially when countries are major FDI recipients. We show that FDI positively influences factor content of exports while they have a negative impact on factor endowments. Thus, a productive transformation generated through FDI does not imply factor accumulation. Finally, export sophistication seems to rely more on FDI rather than on capabilities accumulation, meaning that the sustainability dimension is essential in an export-based approach of structural transformation
Dakhli, Zakaria. "Déploiement de la théorie du Lean dans la chaîne de valeur de la construction." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ECLI0015.
Full textLean theory (also referred to as Lean Management or Lean) is a systematic way of thinking, first developed in the manufacturing industry, to eliminate waste. Concrete and practical by nature, this new “way of managing the production” affects the day-to-day practices and eventually aims at rationalizing the processes through the application of operational methods. While construction practitioners and researchers have always been concerned with the issue of efficiency, Lean theory applied to construction offers new alternative forms of organizing the production in the construction industry. However, more research is required to fill the existing gap between these principles and their actual application in construction. Using infield case studies, we explore the adaptation of lean principles throughout the construction value chain. The first and second chapters introduce lean manufacturing in real estate development and highlight the struggle of majority of construction companies to complete projects on time and within budgets, thus ensuring customer satisfaction. The third chapter presents a structured framework for the application of Lean in the “Bidding phase”. Chapters 4, 5 and 6 explore the "Construction" phase and particularly site logistics through Kitting; we'll see how this new emerging practice in construction falls within the Lean theory. Finally, we wrap up with an implementation model that was tested in 3 experimental pilot projects
Tounsi, Jihène. "Modélisation pour la simulation de la chaîne logistique globale dans un environnement de production PME mécatroniques." Phd thesis, Chambéry, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00563977.
Full textGningue, Mame Bigué. "Gestion du risque sécuritaire dans la chaîne logistique globale : le cas du transport international de marchandises." Le Havre, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LEHA0024.
Full textGlobalization has promoted explosion of international trade and great importance of maritime transportation system which can’t be overlooked in global supply chain continuity. Containers are remarkably useful and efficient, but potential security risk sources in ports and their possible use for terrorist attacks has drawn great attention since 09/11 events. In addition to measures in place, European Union has set up specific initiatives to enhance international transportation security while improving global trade, hence increasing ports competitiveness. To contribute to this securization and fluidification trend, we have participate in this doctoral research to the elaboration of a new security risk management approach for the international goods transportation system. This has enabled us to think about the transposition of traditional risk management methods in a supply chain context. We have transferred HACCP method from food industry to the container transportation chain. Results of the case study realized on Le Havre Port show that this transposition may imply adaptations according to the risk and the context, and point out HACCP limits when qualitative data are used. In perspective, we propose to examine these limits in more details and explore HACCP combination with other risk management tools in order extent its application to international transportation
Boucharel, Paul. "Conception des lois de commande optimales pour l'amélioration de l'efficacité globale d'une chaîne de traction automobile." Toulouse, INPT, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003INPT060H.
Full textThe main aim of the study is to determine the minimal fuel consumption of a parallel hybrid vehicle that fulfill the driver's request. First, a model representing the energy flows inside the vehicle was set. Then local control algorithms were developed to determine the optimal gear ratio and torque repartition between the motors by minimizing a criterion including consumption and driveability aspects. A second point of the thesis consists in extracting the optimal behavior of the car on a planned trip. A global optimization that computes the minimal consumption on the planned trip was developed. Considering a vehicle with a navigation system, the analysis of the results allows to improve the gear ratio and the battery charging management of the local algorithms. Fast prototyping tests and vehicle tests were made to validate this approach
Pilon, Éric. "Complémentarité entre la chaîne de valeur et les systèmes manufacturiers flexibles avec application en industrie." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2007. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/1258/1/030000412.pdf.
Full textPetit, Gaëlle. "Caractérisation et gestion de la valeur durable dans les chaînes de valeur agroalimentaires. Application au cas d’une chaîne de valeur française de production et distribution de viande de porc." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLA039/document.
Full textIt is now necessary for an agrifood value chain to set-up and develop a coherent sustainability strategy for its various stakeholders and to communicate on the efforts made towards citizens and consumers, in demand for more and more sustainable products. To go beyond the first existing initiatives (specifications, labels, etc.), and effectively increase both their sustainable performance and the perceived quality of their offer, considering new management tools, built jointly between upstream and downstream can be a solution. However, the actors in these chains, with different interests and cultures, have individual visions of sustainability. Therefore, if they want to cooperate in order to improve the sustainable performance of their value chain, they should meet a minimum level of satisfaction for each of them. This work aims to propose new standardized and interoperable management tools for food value chains so that the actors can co-create shared sustainable value and move towards new modes of governance.The experimental context is French pork value chains, whose actors maintain contractual relations and have already tackled joint work on the sustainability of certain products. A first contribution focuses on reflection to build a metric to evaluate the sustainable performance of food value chains. The three following cases are dealing with the possibilities for actors in a food value chain to cooperate on common solutions for sustainability improvement. Contrasted alternative scenarios are compared between them and the results are confronted with the respective expectations of the different actors in the value chain. A fourth section focuses on the importance of standardized data sharing among the various actors to support the sustainable performance. Finally, a final section proposes a support model for participative work in order to facilitate a common strategy definition for sustainability
Barkhadle, Hassan. "Contribution du maillon portuaire à la performance de la chaîne logistique globale : cas du port de Djibouti." Thesis, Brest, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BRES0052.
Full textWith globalization and international competition sprees, the Supply Chain (SC) are designed on a global scale, the port spaces, thus allowing ideal implementation sites, thanks to the performance of its link port. Since the development of a strategic partnership between the link port of Djibouti (LPD) and the international group port Dubai Port World (DPW) in 2000, the containerized traffic increased of almost 700 %, between 2002 and 2012. With in addition, with the opening of Djibouti Free Zone (DFZ) in 2004, managed entirely by a subsidiary of the group DPW, nearly 150 businesses have implemented there warehouses in DFZ, with more than half of whom are foreign companies. Starting from this dual observation, our research has been focused on understanding the contribution of the LPD, to the performance of the SC. In a phase of empirical research, which has allowed us to identify dimensions and axes characterizing the logistics performance of the LPD, we deploy a descriptive and synthetic model of the port performance
Franco, bedoya Sebastián. "Essays on the Trade and Macroeconomic dimensions of Global Value Chains." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLX036/document.
Full textThe most recent phase of globalization, the so-called Global Value Chains (GVCs), is dated at the beginning of the 1990s. The birth of the World Trade Organization brought down many trade barriers and led to liberalization in areas like telecommunications, financial services, and information technologies. It meant the emergence of new business models that built on new opportunities to develop comparative advantages. With the opening of new markets, the technical revolution in IT and communications, and the closer harmonization of economic models worldwide, trade became much more than just a simple exchange of merchandise across borders. It developed into a constant flow of investment, of technologies, of goods for processing and business services. This is what has been called the "International Supply Chain". The key characteristic of this phenomenon is the increasing trade in final and intermediate goods among countries. Intermediate goods generated the network production structure of international trade and with it the exposure to new policy challenges that are not captured and fully understand by bilateral trade statistics. The existence of the international trade network, linking countries not only on the consumption side but also on production, makes the value-added content of trade to differ from gross exports. Nevertheless, it is precisely domestic value added the primary object of economic interest because it determines economic activity and the overall employment level in a country. The main question, therefore, is whether the changes in the organization of world trade should lead to a revision on our Economic intuitions. This is the purpose of this thesis, in which I review many pressing economic topics and hypotheses, and connect them with the global production patterns.This thesis covers the topics of (i) the trade-enhancing role of Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) and Information and Communication Technologies (ICT, "captured as a border effect"), (ii) value-added exports elasticities, and (iii) trade imbalances. While results for many countries are reported, I pay particular attention to the European countries. Broadly speaking, results show that (i) FTAs increase bilateral trade by 54% on average after 10 or more years, for both final goods and intermediate inputs. The border effect has become less binding over time, increasing trade in final goods an astounding 443%, relative to domestic trade since 1970, while the rise has been 195% for intermediate inputs. They also provide evidence that the trade effect of FTAs has strengthened over time. (ii) The implications of neglecting the GVC dimension for the value-added export elasticity are that it is not constant over time and lower than for gross exports. An important contribution here is to put in place a tractable framework that links changes in value-added exports to changes in the actual flow of final and intermediate goods. This makes easier to compute other tools that have been developed before in the literature like GVC Real Effective Exchange Rates (REERs). (iii) Using a value-added approach to study trade imbalances shows that we still do not have a full understanding of the causes and consequences of these imbalances and that GVC only makes it more challenging. Therefore, I disentangle the different components of the trade balance dynamics (trade performance and demand growth) while incorporating the international input-output production network linkages. Finally, I shed some light on to what extent internal devaluations are sufficient to offset the intra-Euro nominal exchange rigidity
Rabinovich, Joel. "The Profit-Investment Puzzle under Financialisation : An empirical enquiry on financial and productive accumulation by non-financial corporations." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019USPCD014.
Full textThis thesis studies the different strategies that have allowed listed non-financial corporations to remain profitable while investing less and increasingly distributing funds to shareholders under financialisation. This feeble link between profitability and investment is usually denominated as the profit-investment puzzle. Part 1 of this thesis locates historically and theoretically this puzzle. Whereas the financialisation literature has generally been limited to show the negative effects of the distribution of funds to share holders for capital expenditures, we show that the coexistence of high levels of profits (and payouts) with low levels of investment was possible due to the simultaneous engagement of these non-financial corporations in other activities. Part 2 examines one type of answer that we denominate the financial turn of accumulation. The solution to the puzzle in this case implies a shift in the activities of NFCs to financial accumulation and profits. However, throughout this part we provide substantive evidence that rejects this alternative. Part 3 of the thesis moves away from financial accumulation and directs towards the realm of the productive sphere by focusing on production offshoring and intangible accumulation. This part, contrary to the previous one, provides strong and promising results in the explanation of the puzzle
Abdelli, Abdenour. "Optimisation multicritère d'une chaîne éolienne passive." Phd thesis, Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00553540.
Full textLéger, Pierre-Majorique. "De la réflexion stratégique au sein de la nouvelle économie, principes structurant l'analyse d'une chaîne de valeur famille-produit." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0015/MQ48862.pdf.
Full textHérault, Paul. "L'internationalisation des chaînes de valeur dans l'industrie de défense : le cas du naval." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLED005.
Full textMany research works have already been dedicated to the internationalization of value chains. Whereas this research is often performed through macroeconomics or focused on civilian sectors, this thesis examines how the process of functional and geographic unbundling can apply to such a regulated sector as the defense industry, where exports are strictly controlled by states.Based on original data provided by Naval Group, this dissertation set out several estimates of the internationalization level of French navy programs. Although programs related to nuclear deterrence remain almost exclusively « made in France », many factors contribute to the internationalization of value chains in the naval industry: transfer of technology, local content requirements, integration of commercial or dual-use technologies, internationalization corporate strategies. Referring to the concept of modularity, this thesis reveals that changes in production process can foster innovation in product architecture
Baptista, Guanipa Pedro Manuel. "Cacaos fins du Venezuela et marché mondial : l'essor des entrepreneurs chocolatiers-torréfacteurs français dans la chaîne de valeur Bean to bar." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOU20017.
Full textThe recent rise of chocolate-makers & cocoa-roasters entrepreneurs Bean to bar (from bean to tablet) presents different methods depending on the country. The strategies analysis of those based in France, compared to those who have created superior quality chocolates new markets in United States and Venezuela, reflects their willingness to exploit fine and aromatic cocoa beans (such as those produced in Venezuela). This growth can be interpreted by the business model (BM) approach, each chocolate-maker and cocoa-roaster entrepreneur generate his value proposition with the high-end chocolate manufacture, and by the “hyper-industrial” production system approach, the technologies development enable news production and sale forms (factory-store, e-commerce). It also refers to the knowledge economy current context (intangible capital) and hyperconsumption, consumer demand evolving both in terms of utility (well-being) as well as emotional and experiential (“mieux-être”)
El auge reciente de emprendedores chocolateros-torrefactores Bean to bar (de los granos a la tableta) de chocolate varía según cada país. El análisis de las estrategias de estos emprendedores en Francia, en comparación con los que han creado un nuevo mercado de chocolate de alta calidad en los Estados Unidos y en Venezuela, muestra su voluntad a usar granos de cacao finos y aromáticos (como los de Venezuela). Este auge de emprendedores chocolateros puede ser interpretado a través del enfoque económico del business model (BM), cada emprendedor chocolatero-torrefactor construyendo su propuesta de valor de fabricación de chocolate de alta gama, y a través del enfoque del sistema de producción “hiper-industrial”, el desarrollo de tecnologías industriales y digitales haciendo posible nuevas formas de producción y de comercialización (fábrica-tienda, comercio electrónico). También se refiere al contexto actual de la economía del conocimiento (capital intangible) y del hiperconsumo, en el cual la demanda del consumidor evoluciona tanto a nivel de utilidad (bienestar) hacia un nivel de consumo emocional y experiencial (bienestar superior)
Beya, Issam. "La gouvernance plurale et la création de valeur globale et durable pour les entreprises : le cas des entreprises françaises cotées." Thesis, Paris Est, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PESC0018.
Full textOur research explored the mechanisms of plural governance (disciplinary, cognitive and behavioral) in creating global and sustainable value. This field of investigation has been the subject of several theoretical contributions, but remains very little explored from an empirical point of view. Our empirical study based on french listed companies (SBF120) has allowed a questioning of the utility and the reliability of the operationalized performance by the maximization of the shareholder value because considered too static and short termist. Finally, our work has studied the positioning of CSR commitments in performance and global value creation as governance mechanisms: we introduce to responsible governance
Arja, Rouba. "Construction des compétences au sein des chaînes globales de valeur et compétitivité des entreprises locales : Le cas des entreprises vitivinicoles du Languedoc-Roussillon." Montpellier 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006MON10067.
Full textAcosta, Collazos Maria Del Pilar. "Understanding the outcomes of private regulations for corporate social responsibility in global value chains : the case of the Colombian agro-food industry." Thesis, Paris 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA010049.
Full textSince the 1990s there has been an escalating number of codes of conduct, self-regulatory schemes and multi-stakeholder initiatives aiming to monitor corporate social responsibility (CSR) in the context of global value chains. Because these initiatives lack legal enforcement they fall into the category of private regulations. Despite increasing concerns of worldwide degradation of social and environmental conditions, the effectiveness of private regulations is still elusive. Taking three distinct approaches, this research examines the outcomes of private regulations through a local, bottom of the chain perspective. We analyze how a supplier of a multinational subsidiary in the agro-food industry receives, understands and implements a supplier development program. We study 1) the inscription of private regulations in a long history of political roles undertaken by local companies in a developing country, namely Colombia. This sheds light on how private regulations can jeopardize the governance of corporate social responsibility in the industry. 2) The process of deployment of a private regulation at the intra-organizational level, looking at how it progressively transforms preexisting notions of business involvement in society. We highlight two mechanisms leading to the disembedding of local actors from their geographically proximate communities, and re-embedding them into global notions of CSR. 3) The adoption of each demand included in a private regulation leading to understand heterogeneity in the adoption process. To bring these aspects together, we also evaluate to what extent demands from multinational subsidiaries are diffused to other levels of the supply chain. Overall, our results contribute to the literatures of political CSR and global value chain by expanding upon how these dynamics operate within a developing nation
Plastiras, Athanase. "Création et répartition de la valeur globale de l'entreprise : entre performance et régulation : cas des cliniques privées de soins médicaux en Grèce." Caen, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009CAEN0645.
Full textMajerowicz, Gouveia Esther. "La mondialisation de l'armée industrielle de réserve chinoise : sa formation et les impacts sur les salaires dans les pays développés." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCD044/document.
Full textThe present thesis assesses how China’s integration in the globalcapitalist economy has been associated with the deterioration of labor position vis-à-viscapital in advanced economies expressed in stagnant real wages and worsening workingconditions. We propose an interpretation grounded on the globalization of China’s vastindustrial reserve army as a byproduct of the alliance between the Chinese state and advancedcountries’ capitals in their productive form. On the one hand, we discuss the formation ofChina’s industrial reserve army which has underpinned the process of proletarianization in thecountry as creatures of the party-state achieved through means of primitive accumulation. Onthe other hand, we discuss how advanced countries’ capitals access to this vast reserveindustrial reserve army in preferred terms, actively enabled by the Chinese party-state, hasincreased profitability through two crucial outcomes, by immediate and drastically reducingunit labor costs and by making China’s industrial reserve army global, tilting the balance ofpower back home towards capital. We then consider the interplay of the opposite effects ofthese two outcomes – the ‘terms of trade effect’ and the weakening of laborers’ bargainingpower – over real wages and working conditions in advanced countries. We claim that theglobalization of China’s vast industrial reserve army has provided critical mass to break thehistorical connection between industrial production and consumer markets in advancedcountries that provided the material basis in which workers were able to conquer theconstruction of institutional links between productivity and real wage growth
O objetivo da presente tese é estudar como a integração da China na economia capitalista global seassociada à deterioração da posição do trabalho em relação ao capital em economias desenvolvidas,expressa pela estagnação do salário real e piora das condições de trabalho. Ao negar a narrativaeconômica dominante que relaciona esses dois fatores por meio do modelo Heckscher-Ohlin-Samuelson e ao teorema da equalização dos preços dos fatores de produção, nós propomosuma interpretação fundamentada de que o vasto exército de reserva da China globalizadarepresenta um subproduto da aliança entre o Estado Chinês e o capital produtivo daseconomias desenvolvidas. Construímos essa interpretação através de dois momentosanalíticos que contemplam tanto as dimensões para dentro e como para fora da globalizaçãodo exército industrial de reserva, especialmente, como ele foi formado pelo estado Chinês ecomo foi o seu acesso pelo capital produtivo dos países desenvolvidos, no contexto daglobalização neoliberal, promovida pela rearticulação da divisão internacional do trabalho,que minou as condições materiais que historicamente colocaram o trabalho, nos paísescentrais, numa posição melhor em relação ao capital em oposição ao trabalho na periferia. Poroutro lado, discutimos a formação do exército de reserva industrial da China, que tem apoiadoo processo de proletarização no país como criaturas do partido-estado alcançado por meio deacumulação primitiva. Afirmamos que os salários baixos e estagnados dos trabalhadores nãoqualificados chineses, que prevaleceram na década de 1990 até meados dos anos 2000, nocerne da transformação da China na fábrica do mundo, resultou não só do desmantelamentodas comunas e danweis, mas também na alienação dos camponeses e no aumento doexcedente de produção dos camponeses pelo estado, promovendo a estagnação da renda realna agricultura e impelindo os camponeses a seguir o rumo à proletarização, formando umgrande exército industrial de reserva. Mais adiante, discutimos como o capital dos paísesavançados acessou esse vasto exército industrial de reserva em termos preferenciais,ativamente habilitado pelo partido-estado chinês, aumentando a rentabilidade através de doisresultados cruciais, pela redução imediata e drástica dos custos unitários do trabalho e fazendoexército industrial de reserva da China uma arma global, inclinando a balança de poder devolta para casa do capital. Em seguida, abordamos a interação dos efeitos opostos desses doisresultados - os 'efeitos dos termos de troca "e do enfraquecimento do poder de negociação dostrabalhadores - sobre os salários reais e as condições de trabalho nos países desenvolvidos.Afirmamos que a globalização do vasto exército de reserva industrial da China tem oferecidouma massa crítica para quebrar a ligação histórica entre a produção industrial e os mercadosconsumidores nos países avançados, condição que forneceu a base material para que ostrabalhadores fossem capazes de conquistar vínculos institucionais entre a produtividade e ocrescimento real dos salários. Em contrapartida, à medida em que essa globalização, baseadana transformação dos camponeses chineses em espinha dorsal do exército industrial dereserva da economia global, houve um aumento dos conflitos de classe no interior da China eum rápido crescimento dos salários, além de mudanças institucionais a partir de meados dosanos 2000. Na medida em que essas conquistas minaram as bases que levaram o capital apromover a globalização do exército de reserva industrial da China, nós estudamos se aintegração da China na economia capitalista global, através do seu papel central nas cadeiasde eletrônica e TI, está mudando em direção à mão de obra mais intensiva e qualificada, o quepoderia colocar pressões baixistas sobre os salários dos trabalhadores qualificados nos paísesavançados, por meio do estudo de caso da indústria de semicondutores
Nguyen, Trong Phuc. "Techniques d'optimisation en traitement d'image et vision par ordinateur et en transport logistique." Metz, 2007. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/2007/Nguyen.Trong_Phue.SMZ0719.pdf.
Full textThe works presented in this thesis are related to new techniques of optimization for the solution of four important problems of two fields : transport logistics, computer vision and image processing. They are nonconvex optimization problems of very large dimensions for which the research of good solution methods is always of actuality. Our work is based mainly on the DC programming and DCA that have been successfully applied in various fields of applied sciences, including machine learning. It is motivated and justified by the robustness and the good performance of DC programming and DCA in comparison with the existing methods. The thesis is divided into five chapters. The first chapter, which serves as a reference for other chapters, presents some tools from the bases of DC programming and DCA. The second chapter discusses the problem of supply chain design at the strategic level, which can be formulated as a mixed integer linear program. We treat this problem by DC algorithms via exact penalty on the basis of suitable DC decompositions and a technique for finding a good starting point. The third chapter is concerned with the discrete tomography applied to the problem of binary image reconstruction. This problem is solved by three different approaches based on DCA. In the fourth chapter, we study the problem of image segmentation using Fuzzy C-Means clustering via DCA. A nonlinear estimate of the fundamental matrix in computer vision by the trust-region method based on the truncated conjugate gradient method or DCA is developed in the final chapter
Ayadi, Mohamed Sofiane. "Stratégies d'optimisation des flux et performance globale de la chaîne logistique : de l'approche taylorienne à l'entreprise étendue : thèse en vue de l'obtention du doctorat ès Sciences de gestion." Nice, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001NICE0021.
Full textMabrouk, Rania. "Essays on environmental innovation : the role of vertical relations and public policies." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAE005/document.
Full textThe innovation of the 21st century has no longer as a mere objective the survival of companies in the market and the stimulation of the growth at the country level. From now on, there is an urgent need to preserve the environment to ensure the development of present and future generations. Therefore, several empirical studies and theoretical accounts place the matter at the heart of innovation and economics fields of research. The first objective of this dissertation is to examine how ‐at a microeconomic level‐ the emergence and diffusion of environmental innovations is impacted by strategic inter‐firm relationships within supply‐chains. In order to achieve this goal, the first chapter shows that a monopoly maintains on the market a low‐quality product in the sole intention to increase his bargaining power against a supplier offering a drastic innovation ‐a costless high‐quality product‐. The second chapter explains how bargaining powers between vertically related firms can influence the adoption choice of environmental technology leading to a sub‐optimal level of depollution or welfare. To deal with this situation, the regulator must adapt its regulatory policy ‐a tax in this case‐ to modify the choice of the polluting firm. However, its intervention may prove insufficient under certain conditions. The second objective of the dissertation is developed in the third chapter which identifies theoretically and empirically the macroeconomic determinants of environmental innovations in order to help the regulator to better target its interventions
Habibi, Muhammad Khoirul Khakim. "Optimisation d'une chaîne logistique inverse avec la prise en compte des processus de désassemblage." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSEM005.
Full textThis dissertation supports and proposes better management in the implementation of the cir-cular economy by integrating activities of reverse supply chains. The hypothesis states thatintegrating decisions of at least two activities in reverse supply chain leads to better decisionsnotably the collection of End-of-Life products and their disassembly.A deterministic problem, called Collection-Disassembly Problem, integrating both collectionand disassembly processes as well as its formulation are introduced and developed. Due to lackof available instances in the literature, some instances are generated. Another non-integratedformulation is developed and solved using the commercial solver CPLEX. The obtained resultsshow that the integrated model proposes better decisions in terms of total cost. Some ap-proximate methods are developed because the commercial solver CPLEX is unable to provideoptimal solutions under acceptable CPU times notably for large size instances.An extended version of the problem is introduced due to the fact that reverse supply chainsfrequently deal with the uncertainty of certain parameters such as the quality and the quantityof End-of-Life products as well as the demands of components. Also, there is often more thanone vehicle available to collect the products. Thus, this second problem suggested which is calledStochastic Multi-Vehicle Collection-Disassembly Problem and its formulation is developed. Theproblem is formalised as two-stage stochastic programming by assuming that the parametersunder uncertainty follow some known probability distributions and their realisation comes afterthe planning stage. To provide the solutions, two methods combined with an algorithmicframework of Sample Average Approximation are developed.Another problem called Integrated Procurement-Disassembly Problem is also studied. Alongwith the decisions on collection process, this problem emphasises on the decisions of disassemblyline balancing problem
MEVEL, Olivier. "Du role des signaux faibles sur la reconfiguration des processus de la chaîne d e valeur de l'organisation : l'exemple d'une centrale d'achats de la grande distribution française." Phd thesis, Université de Bretagne occidentale - Brest, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00009025.
Full textLapassouse-Madrid, Catherine. "Contribution à l'étude des facteurs d'évolution des canaux de distribution : l'exemple des fournitures industrielles." Bordeaux 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989BOR1D012.
Full textThe role of middlemen in distributing industrial products has been greatly developed, to the detriment of direct selling : a solution which is no longer flexible enought to allow the industrials custumers to optimize their supplying costs. This situation is questionning the control that manufacturers have, up to now, exercised over industrial distributors. Due to, on the one hand, an interpretation of channel structures and processes with the aid of the concept of "system value" (proposed by M. E. Porter) and, on the other hand, an empirical survey; the results of this research suggest that industrial distributors may (a model is proposed to describe in which conditions) implement a new strategy of "resistance" to manufacturers. Such behaviors modify the functioning of the channel and are, in the long run, at the origine of a progressive but ineluctable evolution
Pigneur, Judith. "Mise au point d’une méthode intégrée d’analyse des impacts des filières de matières premières minérales." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLC093.
Full textThe subject of the thesis is the development of an integrated method of analysis of the social and environmental costs of depletion in the metal value chains. The supported thesis is that the depletion of metallic resources, beyond the question of the economic limits of exploitation, is a multiplier of the social and environmental costs generated by our current modes of production and consumption. The thesis was carried out as part of the Bureau for Appraisal of Social Impacts for Citizen information (Basic) research and development project on the development of sustainability indicators. The thesis is part of a transdisciplinary approach, combining an approach from the management sciences, namely the analysis of global value chains (GVC), mobilized to understand the influence of the organization of globalized chains on social and environmental impacts, and an economics-based approach, that of social costs, as developed by Karl William Kapp, which looks at the costs of social and environmental damage inherent in our economic system. The thesis aims to contribute to both the reinforcement of the methodological framework of social costs developed by the Basic, but also to the emerging research on depletion within the field of development of sustainability indicators. The research aims to explore the links between depletion, increased social and environmental costs of exploitation, and the influence of globalized chains on the occurrence of these costs. This general problem is divided into two parts. A first theoretical part, composed of chapters 1 and 2, contributes to define the depletion of metals in a perspective of strong sustainability and to formalize a framework of evaluation of the social costs coherent with this definition. In Chapter 1, depletion is redefined as two joint, continuous and irreversible phenomena: 1) loss of quantity (loss of material throughout the supply chain) and quality (diminution of ore grades and difficulties of recycling) of the resource.2) as a multiplier of environmental, health and social impacts of the metal value chains. Chapter 2 proposes a new framework to account for depletion and its social costs, linking the work of ecological economics and institutional economics based on the work of Karl William Kapp. This methodology develops an approach focused on studying the causes of social costs and levers to reduce these costs. A second empirical part applies the evaluation framework to the case study of the neodymium chain used in Nd-Fe-B magnets. This case study shows that, although the depletion of rare earth reserves is not perceived as an imminent danger, the social costs of depletion are already significant and that actions could be implemented to reduce these costs. This case study demonstrates the social and ecological relevance of the analysis of social cost depletion
Ferrari, Serena. "La viabilité des chaînes laitières industrielles au Sénégal: Une analyse en termes de gouvernance." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/249201.
Full textThe Senegalese dairy sector has been marked by important changes in the last decades. Indeed, dairy industry and trade have been growing, because of urbanization and new dietary habits of urban populations. This thesis inquires into the effects of those changes on the development of the local dairy value chain and on the vulnerability of the local herder communities. Based on the theory of the governance of global value chains and on transaction cost economics, the thesis aims to understand which modes of governance enable the viability of the Senegalese industrial dairy chains. Through the collection of qualitative data from the actors of these value chains and through an in-depth analysis of ten of these chains in the regions of Dakar and Kolda, this thesis highlights two main factors underlying the viability of the industrial dairy chains. First, quality strategies focusing on the local origin of the raw material are successful on the market, since consumers attach to them a particular value. Moreover, the services that the dairy processors implementing those quality strategies offer to local producers contribute to reducing their vulnerability; hence, the social viability of the value chains is improved. Second, the adoption of plural forms of governance, within a mixed supply (milk powder/local milk), enables dairy processors to be economically viable. In fact, they are in a position to fully exploit their productive capacities, to control the cost of raw material purchases, and to meet consumer demands.
Doctorat en Sciences politiques et sociales
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Carballa, Smichowski Bruno. "Competition and market power : a critical reassessment in light of recent changes." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCD016/document.
Full textThe main objectives of this thesis are to explain the emergence of competitive dynamics characterized by a symbiosis between competition and market power and to elucidate how they can be apprehended through the lenses of competition theory. Chapter I investigates the evolution of forms of competition in the United States from 1840 to today. We show that while in some cases market power has translated into hindering competition (and vice versa), in others the two establish a symbiotic relation. Chapter II reviews competition theories and concludes that they do not account for the coexistence of two major stylized facts characteristic of the current hegemonic form of competition: long-run profit rate differentials and strong price competition. Chapter III develops a contribution to competition theory within and between global value chains (GVC). We show that uneven interdependence is the source of intra-GVC market power, which explains long-run profit rate differentials between firms belonging to the same GVC. Then we show how they can be compatible with strong price competition. Chapter IV studies platform capitalism with a focus on “trust-based algorithmic coordination” (TBAC) firms. Building on the case of the ride-hailing firm Uber, we argue that the TBAC firm conjugates vertical market power with strong price competition in a competitive dynamics in which there is a tendency towards monopolization
Kadarusman, Yohanes. "Global value chains and technological capabilities : analysing the dynamics of Indonesia's garments and electronics manufacturers." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2011. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/global-value-chains-and-technological-capabilities-analysing-the-dynamics-of-indonesias-garments-and-electronics-manufacturers(38edc34f-d9d5-44ea-835a-57fc9675c0e2).html.
Full textPhi, Minh Hong. "Déterminants de la causalité entre le développement financier et le commerce international." Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMR067.
Full textMajor changes in international trade related to the crucial participation of emerging countries inworld markets have been challenging the traditional perception of trade. Instead of only specializing inthe products in which they have a comparative advantage, developing countries consider export diversificationas an alternative way to improve economic growth and reduce external adverse shocks. Besides,the global financial crisis in 2008 raised the need for an examination of the relationship between realexchange rate (RER) and trade.In this line, this thesis attempts to investigate the causal link between export diversification andRER in the middle-income countries. Firstly, we find a bidirectional causality between our two variablesof interest. By differentiating the countries’ exports by destination, the same bidirectional link isrecorded in the case of South-North trade, while a unidirectional causality running from RER to exportdiversification is recorded in the South-South trade.Secondly, we compare this relationship between two groups of countries, Asia versus Latin America,and the effect of the two financial crises (in 1997 and 2008) on this link. We show that, regardlessof the financial crises, the bidirectional causality exists for the Latin American countries and the conventionallink from RER to export diversification for Asian countries. However, when accounted forfinancial crises, the bidirectional causality is found in both subgroups.Thirdly, we address the question of the effect of export diversification on price elasticity of importsin two models of integration in the Pacific-Rim, that is: the traditional model (the US) and a new modelof integration (China). We find consistent negative price elasticity of imports for China and a positive onein the case of the US. When their trading partners are successful in diversifying their export destinations,import price elasticity of either China or the US becomes very low. This result challenges our awarenessof the Marshall-Lerner condition.Fourthly, to investigate how a country could diversify her exports, we look at real exchange rateshocks as a factor that may promote firm productivity. Using the difference-in-differences methodologyon firm-level data for Vietnamese manufacturing, we find a positive effect of a persistent real appreciationin the Vietnamese dong on firm productivity. We note that research and development (R&D) could explainthe mechanism by which real appreciation improves firm productivity
Marchat, Anne-Cécile. "L’influence de la valeur perçue sur l’engagement client : vers une nouvelle approche de la relation "individu-destination" en tourisme." Thesis, La Réunion, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LARE0019/document.
Full textThe research aims to define customer engagement (CE) in the context of tourism destinations, its content and its measurement. It proposes to integrate this innovative concept as a new outcome variable in the models conceptualising tourism’s behaviors. It also shows the influence of consumer value and customer value in creating an engagement towards the destination and the moderating effects of the experience on those same relationships. The research has three objectives: (1) define the concept of CE in the context of destinations, its dimensions and its measurement, (2) conceptualize the perceived value in the context of destinations, (3) measure the influences of the dimensions of consumer valeur and customer value on EC depending on experience. The methodology is based on two empirical studies: an exploratory qualitative study conducted among 15 tourists in Reunion via interviews and a quantitative exploratory study conducted among 572 individuals: 350 novices who had never visited the destination but familiar with it and 222 experienced having actually visited the destination for leisure / vacation. The studies concern Reunion Island, qualified as a SDI (Small Destination Island)
Innocent, Morgane. "La valeur pour le consommateur d'une pratique de maîtrise de consommation : le cas de l'électricité." Thesis, Brest, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BRES0118/document.
Full textThis thesis aims to understand the meaning that the consumer ascribes to his acts when one practises electricity consumption control (ECC) inside the dwelling. The value perceived by consumers associated with the various ECC’s activities, as, for example, to switch off devices in sleep mode, constitute a reflection of the meaning the consumer confers to this practice.We wondered, at first, about the nature of the sources of valuation and depreciation which emerge from the ECC. We identified twenty five sources which are so many appreciations or depreciations of the ECC for the consumer. Then, we tried to determine how these sources are structured and we were able to determine that, for consumers, the value of the ECC is characterized by seven components. Four of them are components of appreciation (environmental and citizen, of household management, the eudemonistic well-being and secondary profits). The three other are components of depreciation (experiential, social and associated with a lack of knowledge).Subsequently, we tried to understand how the value of the ECC emerges from the practice itself. We, also, wondered about the role of the various components (of appreciation and depreciation) in the ECC valuation for the consumer and in the conduct of action. We were able to confirm that the more an individual realizes ECC’s gestures, the more he appreciates this practice via the components of appreciation and the less he depreciates it via the components of depreciation. We also noticed that the meaning of the practice evolves and expands when practice becomes intensified. Two main levers set apart: the appreciation of ECC through its consequences on the household management and the eudemonistic wellbeing which is removed from this practice by the individual. The first one has a very strong influence on the evaluation of ECC by the consumers, and the second, once an individual really practises ECC, drives him to continue along this path
Afari-Owusu, Elizabeth. "Participation in global horticulture value chains : implications for poverty alleviation in the Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) region." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2014. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/participation-in-global-horticulture-value-chainsimplications-for-poverty-alleviation-in-the-subsaharan-africa-ssa-region(0dc360ee-9fb8-4f80-b21a-e0eea6ccab7b).html.
Full textMuffat-Jeandet, Morgan. "Essai sur l’intensification des relations économiques entre la Chine et l’Amérique latine et les Caraïbes. Internationalisation des firmes chinoises, déterminants et modalités de leurs investissements directs au Mexique." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019USPCA012/document.
Full textChinese footprint in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC), as in other parts of the globe, has surged in the last fifteen years. Beyond the traditional drivers of this expansion from an economic perspective (securing resources and new markets), China represents a special partner for Latin-American countries because of grey lines delimiting public and private ownership, strict industrial policy and long-term development goals. Besides, regional discrepancies have appeared between South America, which benefited from the boom of Chinese demand for raw materials, and Mexico, which found itself in direct competition with China on different segments of his secondary sector, and whose integration dynamic in North America was deeply impacted by the growing shares of Chinese companies in the US market. Combining an extensive analysis of existing databases about foreign direct investments (FDI) from China in LAC and three original case studies of Chinese companies located in the manufacturing industry in Mexico, this dissertation shows unique features in these operations such as an accelerated growth path and relative adaptive skills to foreign environments. Nevertheless, the positive or negative externalities of Chinese FDI remain dependent upon the interactions between the institutional context of the host country and the companies’ strategies
Knauss, Steven. "Downgrading in Global Value Chains : theoretical and empirical inquiry into developmental difficulties in the globalization era." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019USPCD062.
Full textFocusing on the emergence of global value chains (GVCs) as constituting the paradigmatic modality of integration linking developing and developed economies in the globalization era (1990s to the present day), this thesis aims to consider the precise nature of this modality in terms of the economic and social consequences it brings to developing nations. Carefully demarcating the boundaries of what do and do not constitute GVC relations (Chapters 2and 3), novel indicators are developed to test for common outcomes of GVC integration in a macro, cross-country study of the high globalization era (1995 – 2008). The results (Chapter 3) challengethe story often promoted by major global policy institutions, according to which closer GVC integration provides a country with better opportunities for ultimately “upgrading” its position interms of aggregate metrics of value-added, wages and overall social standards. In contrast, drawing on insights from the dependency tradition and critical GVC scholars (Chapters 4 and 5), we theorize “downgrading” as a more common outcome, contending that developing country integration into GVC relations typically takes place in hyper-competitive segments of asymmetric chain structures that are sustained by global labor reserves putting downward pressure on developing country value-added, wages and standards. We conclude by confirming this theory in further empirical testing (Chapter 6) at the country-sector level for the more recent period (2000-2014), where some post-2008 potential shifts are also noticed that should be of broader interest in the discussion of a recent globalization slowdown
Curchod, Corentin. "Commerce électronique et nouvelles configurations de marché: une approche théorique des stratégies d'intermédiation." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2003. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00000828.
Full textHeslouin, Charlotte. "Prise en compte des acteurs de la chaîne de valeur dans l’analyse de la performance environnementale pour éco-concevoir et inciter à une éco-utilisation : cas appliqué aux produits consommateurs d’énergie unités de réfrigération pour le transport routier." Thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ENAM0056/document.
Full textTo implement ecodesign strategies, it is necessary to evaluate the environmental performance. The use of Environmental Performance Indicators (EPI) is a good way to achieve this. These EPI, to be effective, must be adapted to the various value chain actors, internal and external to the company, susceptible to be involved in the improvement of the environmental performance. These different actors have different needs regarding information (details, type of information) and these needs may be contradictory. In this work, we propose a method for selecting EPI that take into account the value chain actors and their needs. Once the EPI have been defined, they must be able to assess the situation, define ecodesign strategies and monitor the evolution of environmental performance. For some energy-using products, the usage scenario can significantly vary the environmental performance. A focus is thus put on the development of sustainable behavior strategies. It is necessary that the strategies put in place allow customers/users to reduce their environmental impact and that the company takes a competitive advantage while improving the environmental performance of its products. In this study, this is reflected in: 1) the adaptation of existing ecodesign tools for the integration of value chain actors; 2) the definition of a method of personalized diagnosis of the use of products. These methods have been applied and validated by the case study of road transport refrigeration units
Karlsson, Sylvia. "Multilayered Governance : Pesticides in the South - environmental concerns in a globalised world." Doctoral thesis, Linköping : Univ, 2000. http://www.bibl.liu.se/liupubl/disp/disp2000/arts218s.htm.
Full textRual, Coline. "Quels effets d’empowerment et de valorisation de la consommation induits par l’utilisation régulière de dispositif numérique ? : Le cas des objets de quantifield-self et des communautés virtuelles dans la consommation sportive active." Thesis, Lorient, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORIL547.
Full textThe advances in digital technologies (DT) are transforming consumer behavior and how they consume. They no longer accept the role of a passive consumer and shift the power from suppliers to empowered consumers. It is now more than ever a challenge for marketers to know how to meet consumer’s need to gain more control and for live personalized experience. Customer perceived value of the offer is a priority to compete. Today’s DT are often used to enhance value of the experience perceived by the customer, but, does DT really enrich the consumer experience? Literature suggests that not much research has been conducted on this topic. Most studies focus on technology adoption and intrinsic perceived value of DT. The rare studies about DT’s effects on consumer experience highlight the existence of a diversity of effects. Such research focuses on one-time use of DT, mostly during extraordinary consumption (museum visit). Based on the approach of perceived value framework, this research examines the effect of the regular use of two DT in sports (QS: quantified-self; VC: virtual community) on the active sportsmen regulatory experience by the mediating role of empowerment. We carried out an experiment involving 1833 participants. Results show that the use of QS influences neither perceived value of experience nor consumer empowerment rather even tends to negatively influence intention to pursue active sport. In contrast, the use of VC indirectly influences intention to pursue the activity by enriching the perceived value of the experience by the mediating role of empowerment. To conclude, DT can enrich the perceived value of experience and positively influence behavioral intention by increasing perceived empowerment