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Thum, Jasmine A. "Resiliency of a perpetual optimist: neurosurgeon Dr. Linda Liau." Neurosurgical Focus 50, no. 3 (2021): E18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2020.12.focus20954.
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It is not possible to capture all the depth that composes Dr. Linda Liau: chair of the Neurosurgery Department at the University of California, Los Angeles; second woman to chair a neurosurgery program in the United States; first woman to chair the American Board of Neurological Surgery; first woman president of the Western Neurosurgical Society; and one of only a handful of neurosurgeons elected to the National Academy of Medicine. Her childhood and family history alone could fascinate several chapters of her life’s biography. Nonetheless, this brief biography hopes to capture the challenges, triumphs, cultural norms, and spirit that have shaped Dr. Liau’s experience as a successful leader, scientist, and neurosurgeon. This is a rare story. It describes the rise of not only an immigrant within neurosurgery—not unlike other giants in the field, Drs. Robert Spetzler, Jacques Marcos, Ossama Al-Mefty, and a handful of other contemporaries—but also another type of minority in neurosurgery: a woman.
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ZAPUHLÎH, Grigore. "NEUROSURGERY, A SCIENCE IN ITS HIGHEST CHANGE." Akademos 2 (August 9, 2019): 67–73. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3364334.
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This article is dedicated to the 20th anniversary of the establishment, on November 25, 1999, of the Department of Neurosurgery of the State University of Medicine and Pharmacy „Nicolae Testemitanu” (Republic of Moldova). During these two decades, neurosurgery was not only established as a field of indigenous medical research and practice, but it has also developed fruitfully, currently going through three development stages. The first stage refers to the establishing of Neurosurgery in our country. With the help of neurosurgeons Zahar Sosonkin, Abram Cuciuc, Mina Lia Bondareţ, in year 1953, there has been founded the Neurosurgery Section, as part of the Republican Clinical Hospital of Psychiatry, being located in Costiujeni and counting 40 beds. In 1960, there was created the Chair of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Medical Genetics of the State Institute of Medicine from Chisinau. The second stage is characterized by the separation of Neurology and Neurosurgery branch from the Clinical Psychiatric Hospital, after putting into service of the first hospital block (in year 1960) on 48 Lomonosov Street (currently Korolenko, 2, INN) from Chisinau. In 1963, we can observe the definitive „separation” and the establishment of the Neurosurgery subsidiary of the Republican Clinical Hospital. The third stage starts in year 1999, together with the creation of the Department of Neurosurgery within the ”Nicolae Testemitanu” State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, a fact that remarkably boosted the field: in 2005, the Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery (INN) has been established. During these 20 years of activity, with the contribution of the Neurosurgery Department, there has been implemented a variety of new treatment methods and procedures. In 2001, there has been founded the Association of Neurosurgeons of the Republic of Moldova (ANM), member of (EANS) and WFNS). In year 2000, the second clinical base of the Neurosurgery Department of the Institute of Scientific Research in the Field of Protection of Mother and Child Health has been created; in 2014 – the third clinical base of the Department within the Republican Clinical Hospital. The Department has already trained 7 generations of neurosurgical residents who are currently working in local clinics and abroad. Over the last few years, in Chisinau, more than 20 international scientific forums have been successfully organized.
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Flanigan, Patrick M., Arman Jahangiri, Joshua L. Golubovsky, et al. "A cross-sectional study of neurosurgical department chairs in the United States." Journal of Neurosurgery 129, no. 5 (2018): 1342–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2017.7.jns17567.
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OBJECTIVEThe position of neurosurgery department chair undergoes constant evolution as the health care landscape changes. The authors’ aim in this paper was to characterize career attributes of neurosurgery department chairs in order to define temporal trends in qualities being sought in neurosurgical leaders. Specifically, they investigated the hypothesis that increased qualifications in the form of additional advanced degrees and research acumen are becoming more common in recently hired chairs, possibly related to the increased complexity of their role.METHODSThe authors performed a retrospective study in which they collected data on 105 neurosurgeons who were neurosurgery department chairs as of December 31, 2016, at accredited academic institutions with a neurosurgery residency program in the United States. Descriptive data on the career of neurosurgery chairs, such as the residency program attended, primary subspecialty focus, and age at which they accepted their position as chair, were collected.RESULTSThe median age and number of years in practice postresidency of neurosurgery chairs on acceptance of the position were 47 years (range 36–63 years) and 14 years (range 6–33 years), respectively, and 87% (n = 91) were first-time chairs. The median duration that chairs had been holding their positions as of December 31, 2016, was 10 years (range 1–34 years). The most common subspecialties were vascular (35%) and tumor/skull base (27%), although the tendency to hire from these specialties diminished over time (p = 0.02). More recently hired chairs were more likely to be older (p = 0.02), have more publications (p = 0.007), and have higher h-indices (p < 0.001) at the time of hire. Prior to being named chair, 13% (n = 14) had a PhD, 4% (n = 4) had an MBA, and 23% (n = 24) were awarded a National Institutes of Health R01 grant, tendencies that were stable over time (p = 0.09–0.23), although when additional degrees were analyzed as a binary variable, chairs hired in 2010 or after were more likely to have an MBA and/or PhD versus those hired before 2010 (26% vs 10%, p = 0.04). The 3 most common residency programs attended by the neurosurgery chairs were Massachusetts General Hospital (n = 8, 8%), University of California, San Francisco (n = 8, 8%), and University of Michigan (n = 6, 6%). Most chairs (n = 63, 61%) attended residency at the institution and/or were staff at the institution before they were named chair, a tendency that persisted over time (p = 0.86).CONCLUSIONSMost neurosurgery department chairs matriculated into the position before the age of 50 years and, despite selection processes usually involving a national search, most chairs had a previous affiliation with the department, a phenomenon that has been relatively stable over time. In recent years, a large increase has occurred in the proportion of chairs with additional advanced degrees and more extensive research experience, underscoring how neurosurgical leadership has come to require scientific skills and the ability to procure grants, as well as the financial skills needed to navigate the ever-changing financial health care landscape.
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_, _., Deborah L. Benzil, Aviva Abosch, et al. "The future of neurosurgery: a white paper on the recruitment and retention of women in neurosurgery." Journal of Neurosurgery 109, no. 3 (2008): 378–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns/2008/109/9/0378.
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Preface The leadership of Women in Neurosurgery (WINS) has been asked by the Board of Directors of the American Association of Neurological Surgeons (AANS) to compose a white paper on the recruitment and retention of female neurosurgical residents and practitioners. Introduction Neurosurgery must attract the best and the brightest. Women now constitute a larger percentage of medical school classes than men, representing approximately 60% of each graduating medical school class. Neurosurgery is facing a potential crisis in the US workforce pipeline, with the number of neurosurgeons in the US (per capita) decreasing. Women in the Neurosurgery Workforce The number of women entering neurosurgery training programs and the number of board-certified female neurosurgeons is not increasing. Personal anecdotes demonstrating gender inequity abound among female neurosurgeons at every level of training and career development. Gender inequity exists in neurosurgery training programs, in the neurosurgery workplace, and within organized neurosurgery. Obstacles The consistently low numbers of women in neurosurgery training programs and in the workplace results in a dearth of female role models for the mentoring of residents and junior faculty/practitioners. This lack of guidance contributes to perpetuation of barriers to women considering careers in neurosurgery, and to the lack of professional advancement experienced by women already in the field. There is ample evidence that mentors and role models play a critical role in the training and retention of women faculty within academic medicine. The absence of a critical mass of female neurosurgeons in academic medicine may serve as a deterrent to female medical students deciding whether or not to pursue careers in neurosurgery. There is limited exposure to neurosurgery during medical school. Medical students have concerns regarding gender inequities (acceptance into residency, salaries, promotion, and achieving leadership positions). Gender inequity in academic medicine is not unique to neurosurgery; nonetheless, promotion to full professor, to neurosurgery department chair, or to a national leadership position is exceedingly rare within neurosurgery. Bright, competent, committed female neurosurgeons exist in the workforce, yet they are not being promoted in numbers comparable to their male counterparts. No female neurosurgeon has ever been president of the AANS, Congress of Neurological Surgeons, or Society of Neurological Surgeons (SNS), or chair of the American Board of Neurological Surgery (ABNS). No female neurosurgeon has even been on the ABNS or the Neurological Surgery Residency Review Committee and, until this year, no more than 2 women have simultaneously been members of the SNS. Gender inequity serves as a barrier to the advancement of women within both academic and community-based neurosurgery. Strategic Approach to Address Issues Identified. To overcome the issues identified above, the authors recommend that the AANS join WINS in implementing a strategic plan, as follows: 1) Characterize the barriers. 2) Identify and eliminate discriminatory practices in the recruitment of medical students, in the training of residents, and in the hiring and advancement of neurosurgeons. 3) Promote women into leadership positions within organized neurosurgery. 4) Foster the development of female neurosurgeon role models by the training and promotion of competent, enthusiastic, female trainees and surgeons.
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Ziechmann, Robert, Haydn Hoffman, and Lawrence S. Chin. "Academic Genealogy of Neurosurgery via Department Chair." World Neurosurgery 121 (January 2019): e113-e118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wneu.2018.09.023.
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Brenna, Connor, Alborz Noorani, and Mojgan Hodaie. "Global Neurosurgery at the University of Toronto: Past and Present Efforts, and a Charter for the Future." JOURNAL OF GLOBAL NEUROSURGERY 1, no. 1 (2021): 22–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.51437/jgns.v1i1.9.
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Kenneth McKenzie arrived in Toronto in 1923, bringing with him the legacy of being the first neurosurgeon in Canada. Since then,Toronto has established itself as the hub of Canadian neurosurgery, in both volumes of cases, the strength of trainees, as well asresearch output (1). As one of the largest training programs in North America (2), Toronto has had ongoing international connections,chiefly through the fellowship programs within our division. However, to our recollection,the earliest instance in which Torontodemonstrated a concerted effort towards the formal work in global neurosurgery was through the persistent and continued efforts ofAb Guha (1957-2009), who amongst many philanthropic activities, establish the National Neuroscience Institute in Calcutta (India), hiscity of birth, as his goal. Since then, interest in global neurosurgery has remained strong within our division, with multiple continuedand consistent collaboration areas. These include Mark Bernstein’s travels within Africa and SouthEast Asia, expanding the reach ofawake craniotomies; James Rutka’s efforts to strengthen local surgeons throughout Ukraine; George Ibrahim’s collaborations in Haiti toexpand the surgical treatment of pediatric neurosurgical conditions; and MojganHodaie’s work on structured curricula for neurosurgeryresidents. Simultaneously, Toronto neurosurgery has focused on encouraging fellows from low- and middle-income countries (LMIC’s)to join our center, in many cases funded by the first Chair in International Neurosurgery (3).
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Ballestero, Matheus Fernando Manzolli, and Ricardo Santos de Oliveira. "Prof. Dr. Willian Harkness 1955-2021." Archives of Pediatric Neurosurgery 4, no. 2(May-August) (2022): e1492022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46900/apn.v4i2(may-august).149.
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We are deeply saddened by the passing of Dr. William Harkness. A gifted surgeon, a caring clinician, a visionary leader and devoted family man, William left an indelible impression on pediatric neurosurgery and the many people whose lives he touched. Dr. William was educated at Eton School and qualified in medicine in 1979, at the University of Birmingham. His neurosurgical training commenced at the Radcliffe Infirmary, Oxford and later continued in Birmingham. Upon completion of his specialist training in 1991, he was appointed as a consultant neurosurgeon at the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square and Great Ormond Street Hospital for Sick Children (GOSH), but it was the latter institution that became his professional home as he focused his career on pediatric neurosurgery, establishing a legendary partnership with Dr. Richard Hayward. Dr. William spent a year in North America undergoing training at UCLA, Seattle, Miami and Montreal. He enthusiastically embraced the multidisciplinary team approach, enabling him to establish a world-leading children’s epilepsy surgery service together with Helen Cross at GOSH. While this is where he had his greatest scientific impact, he was a consummate pediatric neurosurgeon who thought deeply and wrote on a wide range of conditions. William was known to be an exceptionally skillful surgeon, with many neurosurgical trainees citing him as the one of the leading technical neurosurgeons they had worked with. He served as clinical lead for pediatric neurosciences at GOSH and led the development of a national plan for epilepsy surgery services in Great Britain. Throughout his career William was an ardent advocate for pediatric neurosurgery, representing the specialty in many forums including the Society of British Neurological Surgeons. Dr. Willian was a participant in the first ever European Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery (ESPN) educational course, where he struck up a legendary friendship with the late Jim Goodrich, he went on to become one of the most sought-after lecturers worldwide, including many Latin American Courses of Pediatric Neurosurgery (LACPN). In ISPN, there are few who have contributed more to the society. Dr. William served as scientific chair, communications chair, treasurer and ultimately president, (2016-2017). Combining his organizational and technical skills, he worked with Jim Johnson to develop InterSurgeon, a web-based platform promoting international collaboration through linking neurosurgeons and related organisations across the world. Supported by among others, the ISPN, UAB and the G4Alliance, InterSurgeon has grown beyond neurosurgery and will be a lasting tribute to William’s vision and drive. Dr. William was also an integral member of the Global Neurosurgery Committee of the World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies (WFNS). He worked tirelessly to propel the field, and always made sure he was available to provide advice and assistance. During his time with the committee, he expanded the knowledge base on global neurosurgery, worked to align the multitude of projects in the field, and improved collaboration amongst neurosurgeons around the world. He married Philippa Lubomirski in 1982. She survives him as do their four children, Fran, Ed, Gabi and Letitia, their grandchildren, Arlo, Joanie, Betsy, Peggy and Ari, and his sister, Nicola. Above all else, we remember William’s devotion to his family most vividly. His beloved wife Philippa, who accompanied him on most of his travels. And his four children, Fran, Ed, Gabi and Letitia, their grandchildren, Arlo, Joanie, Betsy, Peggy and Ari, and his sister, Nicola. We extend our sincere condolences to his family and close friends
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Nathoo, Narendra, Marc R. Mayberg, and Gene H. Barnett. "W. James Gardner: pioneer neurosurgeon and inventor." Journal of Neurosurgery 100, no. 5 (2004): 965–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.2004.100.5.0965.
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✓ W. James Gardner, a skillful neurosurgeon and inventor, is best remembered for his cervical tongs and hydrodynamic theory of syringomyelia. A pioneer of modern neurosurgery, Gardner trained under Charles Frazier in Philadelphia, and in 1929 he moved to Ohio where he became chief of neurosurgery at the Cleveland Clinic, a position he was to hold for the next 33 years. A large surgical practice made it imperative for Gardner to develop surgical methods that were quick, effective, and advantageous for patient and surgeon. He was an early proponent of the sitting position for patients undergoing cranial surgery, which led to the development of a neurosurgical chair with a head fixation device. To reduce the risks of hypotension and air embolism when the patient is in the sitting position, Gardner invented the clinical G suit. He was the first to advocate and use induced arterial hypotension for intracranial surgery and the first neurosurgeon in the US to publish his experiences performing lumbar discography. He converted an operating table so that he could induce hypothermia during aneurysm surgery and then applied pneumatic cuffs to occlude the major arterial supply to the brain. His pioneering work has been documented in many other areas such as hemifacial spasm and trigeminal neuralgia, for which he performed the first vascular decompression, in cervical sympathectomy for treatment of various ailments, and in the use of intrathecally delivered steroid drugs for sciatica. During his career, he authored 256 publications and one book on the dysraphic states. Many of his contributions to the discipline of neurosurgery are now taken for granted.
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Teixeira, Manoel Jacobsen, Eberval Gadelha Figueiredo, Mario Augusto Taricco, et al. "The history of neurosurgery at the University of Sao Paulo." Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria 72, no. 3 (2014): 251–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0004-282x20130245.
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The history of neurosurgery at University of São Paulo comes from 1918, since its origins under the Department of Neurology from Chair of Psychiatric Clinic and Nervous Diseases. Professor Enjolras Vampré was the great inspiration for such medical specialty in the State of Sao Paulo. In 1929, the first neurosurgical procedures were performed in the recently (at time) organized Section of Neurosurgery. The official inauguration of the Division of Functional Neurosurgery occurred at June 1977, with the presence of worldwide well-known neuroscientists. The division suffered a deep streamlining under the leadership of Professor Raul Marino Jr., between the decades of 1990 and 2000. At this time, it was structured with the sections of neurological surgery, functional neurosurgery and neurosurgical emergency. Since 2008, Professor Manoel Jacobsen Teixeira is the Chairman of the Division and has provided the Division with the best available technological resources, performing more than 3,000 surgeries a year and training professionals who will, certainly, be some of the future leaders of brazilian neurosurgery.
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Taylor, Christopher L. "Neurosurgery at UT Southwestern Medical Center: 1956–2020." Journal of Neurosurgery 135, no. 6 (2021): 1849–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2020.12.jns203527.
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The history of neurosurgery at UT Southwestern Medical Center in Dallas, Texas, is reviewed. Kemp Clark, MD, started the academic neurosurgical practice at Parkland Hospital in 1956. Clark developed a robust training program that required the resident to operate early. In 1972, the Dallas Veterans Affairs Hospital was added to the training program. Duke Samson, MD, became chair in 1988. He emphasized technical excellence and honest reporting of surgical outcomes. In 1989, Zale Lipshy University Hospital opened and became a center for neurosurgical care, and Hunt Batjer, MD, became chair in 2012. The program expanded significantly. Along with principles established by his predecessors, Batjer emphasized the need for all neurosurgeons to engage the community and to be active in policy leadership through local and national organizations. During his tenure, the pediatric neurosurgery group at Children’s Medical Center Dallas was integrated with the department, and a multidisciplinary spine service was developed. In 2014, the Peter O’Donnell Jr. Brain Institute was established, and the William P. Clements Jr. University Hospital opened. For 64 years, UT Southwestern Medical Center has been fertile ground for academic neurosurgery, with a strong emphasis on excellence in patient care.
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Alberga, Linda, Ingrid Menendez, Howard J. Landy, Jacques J. Morcos, and Allan D. Levi. "Neurosurgery at the University of Miami." Journal of Neurosurgery 126, no. 4 (2017): 1285–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2016.4.jns152356.
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The Department of Neurological Surgery at the University of Miami/Jackson Memorial Hospital's legacy of patient care, teaching, and research in the neurosciences extends over a period of 50 years. The department's founder was Dr. David Reynolds. The subsequent chairman, Dr. Hubert Rosomoff, formed a solid foundation that helped put the department on the map. Drs. Barth Green and Roberto Heros, the immediate past chair and co-chairman, garnered both national and international attention for the department. Dr. Green focused his career on complex spine and spinal cord disorders, and was pivotal in creating the world's largest research center for spinal cord injuries. Dr. Heros is a master educator and pioneer neurovascular surgeon, as well as a former president of several neurosurgical national and international organizations. In aggregate, the department has made major contributions to the foundations of neurosurgery.
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Yan, Han, and Ramona Neferu. "Conversations with a neurosurgeon." University of Western Ontario Medical Journal 84, no. 1 (2015): 32–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5206/uwomj.v84i1.4353.
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In the third of three interviews in this issue, we speak to Dr Fawaz Siddiqi. Dr Siddiqi is an Assistant Professor of Neurosurgery and Orthopaedics at Western University. He is the president of the Professional Service Organization and sits on the Medical Advisory Committee as well as the London Health Sciences Centre Board of Directors. He is also the course chair for the Healthcare Systems course at the Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry.
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Lohani, Subash, and Alan R. Cohen. "Franc D. Ingraham and the genesis of pediatric neurosurgery." Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics 11, no. 6 (2013): 727–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2013.3.peds12476.
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In 1929, Franc D. Ingraham, Harvey Cushing's protégé, established the first pediatric neurosurgical unit in the world at Boston Children's Hospital and dedicated his career to the neurosurgical care of children. He trained with both Cushing and Dandy and spent 1 year working in Oxford with Sherrington, who considered Ingraham to be the finest operative surgeon ever to work in his laboratory. Ingraham was instrumental in developing novel treatments, which he compiled in his classic book, Neurosurgery of Infancy and Childhood. Although he was modest and shy, Ingraham loved to entertain children with magic and enjoyed photography in and out of the operating room. Unfortunately, his career was plagued by personal illness, and he died young in 1965 at the age of 67. Despite his prolific 36-year neurosurgical career, Ingraham remained an associate professor at Harvard at his retirement. To recognize his remarkable contributions, Harvard established an endowed chair in his name in 1967. Ingraham was a pioneer and a leader in the development of pediatric neurosurgery by virtue of his imagination, intelligence, and ability to lead and inspire others. Cushing has come to be regarded as the founder of neurosurgery. It is fair to conclude that Ingraham, his disciple, is the founder of pediatric neurosurgery.
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Kurland, David B., Albert Liu, Hammad A. Khan, et al. "1258 Most Roads Lead to Cushing: A Network Analysis Of Neurosurgical Training Lineages." Neurosurgery 71, Supplement_1 (2025): 203. https://doi.org/10.1227/neu.0000000000003360_1258.
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INTRODUCTION: The mentorship and training relationships within the field of neurosurgery are pivotal in shaping the careers and influence of neurosurgeons. Understanding these relationships through network analysis can reveal key individuals and structural characteristics that drive the field's development. METHODS: A combined multi-directed and undirected network graph comprising neurosurgical training relationships was constructed, including edges between chair and trainee, program director and trainee, and peers from the same residency graduating within 5 years of one another. Graph level metrics were calculated and communities were detected via modularity maximization. Centrality metrics were calculated for a undirected subgraph of neurosurgical department chairs. RESULTS: The neurosurgical training network consisted of 8443 nodes and 259,445 edges, with a density of 0.0036, average degree of 61.5, 338 weakly connected components and 530 strongly connected components. We detected 394 communities (mean size 21.4 ± 59.9 members), with the 30 largest having 209.9 ± 69.1 members. Most of the members from the largest communities were from the same residency (60.28% ± 21.16). Harvey Cushing was dominant in closeness, betweenness and local-reaching centrality, highlighting his role as the quintessential neurosurgeon-influencer. Wilder Penfield had the top PageRank, demonstrating the breadth of his direct connections with other influential individuals. CONCLUSIONS: Our analysis reveals a sparse but highly connected network, typical of large real-world professional networks. This indicates that while there are many small groups of neurosurgeons who are closely interconnected, each is connected to a small fraction of the total. This suggests most neurosurgeons may not interact outside their immediate training hierarchy or peer group. The central positions and high influence of various chairmen suggest they have been pivotal in mentoring and connecting many neurosurgeons, contributing to the network's overall structure and dynamics. Future analyses will seek insights into the present-day importance of other key figures in neurosurgery.
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Griessenauer, Christoph J., R. Shane Tubbs, Mohammadali M. Shoja, et al. "Alfred W. Adson (1887–1951): his contributions to surgery for tumors of the spine and spinal cord in the context of spinal tumor surgery in the late 19th and early 20th centuries." Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine 19, no. 6 (2013): 750–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2013.9.spine13220.
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Alfred W. Adson was a pioneer in the field of neurosurgery. He described operations for a variety of neurosurgical diseases and developed surgical instruments. Under his leadership the Section of Neurological Surgery at the Mayo Clinic was established and he functioned as its first chair. Adson's contributions to the understanding of spinal and spinal cord tumors are less well known. This article reviews related medical records and publications and sets his contributions in the context of the work of other important pioneers in spinal tumor surgery at the time.
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Schwartz, Henry G. "Barnes Hospital and the Washington University Medical Center." Journal of Neurosurgery 77, no. 2 (1992): 318–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.1992.77.2.0318.
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✓ The author documents the development of the Medical School at Washington University since 1891, when the St. Louis Medical College was first included as part of the University. In 1909, Robert Brookings, President of the Corporation of Washington University, acquired a large endowment and moved the clinical and hospital facilities to a new location, enabled by the estate of Robert Barnes. Harvey Cushing was offered the chair of surgery but eventually decided in favor of Harvard University in 1910. Dr. Ernest Sachs was recruited to Washington University by Dr. Fred Murphy, and in 1919 became the first ever Professor of Neurological Surgery. The history of neurosurgery and those who served it at the Washington University Medical Center and Barnes Hospital is recounted.
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Golebiowska, Maria, and Beata Golebiowska. "Telemedicine in neurosurgery during SARS-CoV2 Pandemic." Journal of Education, Health and Sport 10, no. 12 (2020): 201–13. https://doi.org/10.12775/JEHS.2020.10.12.020.
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<strong>Golebiowska Maria, Golebiowska Beata</strong><strong>. </strong><strong>Telemedicine in neurosurgery during SARS-CoV2 Pandemic</strong><strong>.</strong> <strong>Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2020;10(12):201-213. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/JEHS.2020.10.12.020</strong> <strong>https://apcz.umk.pl/czasopisma/index.php/JEHS/article/view/JEHS.2020.10.12.020</strong> <strong>https://zenodo.org/record/4398844</strong> <strong>The journal has had 5 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. § 8. 2) and § 12. 1. 2) 22.02.2019.</strong> <strong>© The Authors 2020;</strong> <strong>This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland</strong> <strong>Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium,</strong> <strong>provided the original author (s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial license Share alike.</strong> <strong>(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.</strong> <strong>The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper.</strong> <strong>Received: 05.12.2020. Revised: 15.12.2020. Accepted: 29.12.2020.</strong> <strong>Telemedicine in neurosurgery during SARS-CoV2 Pandemic</strong> <strong>Maria Golebiowska MD <sup>1</sup>,Beata Golebiowska MD, PhD<sup>2</sup></strong> <strong><sup>1 </sup></strong>golebiowska.maria8@gmail.com <strong>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8711-9834</strong> <strong><sup>2</sup></strong> beata.golebiowska@umlub.pl <strong>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1624-0063</strong> <strong><sup>1</sup></strong><strong>Student, Master of Global Bioethics, Anahuac University</strong> <strong><sup>2 </sup></strong><strong>Pediatric Neurology Department, III Chair of Pediatrics, Medical University of Lublin</strong> <strong>Summary</strong> <strong>Introduction and purpose</strong> First large scale introduction and research of telecommunication in medicine was conducted in year 1977. However, until current SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic, telemedicine has been used only in emergency interventions or in cases in which only remote healthcare provision services were available. Healthcare was forced to implement telemedical changes in a scale broader beyond imagination, in order to limit the risk of COVID transmission and preserve the scarce healthcare resources. Especially in surgical fields, such as neurosurgery, which strongly depend on on-site procedures, this time has been extremely demanding. The aim of the study is to present the current views and effectiveness of implementation of telemedicine in neurosurgery during SARS-CoV2 pandemic. Substantial articles on implementation and challenges of telemedicine in neurosurgery from period 02.2020-09.2020 were analyzed. <strong>Current state of knowledge</strong> Within 581 articles of PubMED database, 15 substantial articles on advancements of telemedicine in neurosurgery during SARS-CoV2 Pandemic were included in the review. 60% of the articles discussed telemedicine implementation and improvements made, 40% of the articles discussed the legislative changes, telemedicine recommendations and good pratices. Most of the articles noted the significant increase in provision of services using telemedicine and high satisfaction of patients and professionals from the remote visits. However, many challenges of the technology has been encountered including difficulties in conducting proper remote examination, lack of standarized protocols, concerns of the ethical and social matters, such as patient’s confidentiality and privacy concerns, digital illiteracy in patients, and the need for more advanced hardware and more secure software for the provision of high quality services. <strong>Conclusions</strong> Reviewed research presents significant improvements in introduction of telemedicine in neurosurgical field in times of COVID Pandemic, however due to many multidisciplinary concerns regarding telemedicine implementation, face-to-face examination and communication still should take priority over the telemedicine interventions in the non-emergency future. <strong>Keywords:</strong> Telemedicine; telehealth; neurosurgery; SARS-CoV2
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Wilson, Taylor A., Rebekah G. Langston, Ka Hin Wong, and Analiz Rodriguez. "Characteristics and career outcomes of Neurosurgery Research and Education Foundation research fellowship recipients." Journal of Neurosurgery 132, no. 3 (2020): 802–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2018.10.jns18859.
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OBJECTIVEThe American Association of Neurological Surgeons (AANS) Neurosurgery Research and Education Foundation (NREF) provides ongoing competitive research fellowships for residents and young investigators. The authors sought to determine the characteristics and career tracks of award recipients.METHODSThe authors analyzed characteristics and academic productivity parameters of NREF resident and young investigator awardees in the United States and Canada from 1983 to 2017. Data were extracted from the NREF database and online resources (Web of Science, NIH reporter).RESULTSIn total, 224 research grants were awarded to 31 women (14%) and 193 men (86%) from 1983 to 2017. Neuro-oncology (36%) was the most common research category. Sixty percent of awardees were in training and most resident award winners were in postgraduate year 5 (37%). Forty-nine percent of all awardees had an additional postgraduate degree (PhD 39%, Master’s 10%) with a significantly higher number of PhD recipients being from Canada in comparison to any US region (p = 0.024). The Northeastern and Southeastern United States were the regions with the highest and lowest numbers of award recipients, respectively. More than one-third (40%) of awardees came from institutions that have a National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Research Education Grant (NINDS R25) for neurosurgical training. Awardees from NINDS R25–funded programs were significantly more likely to go on to receive funding from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) (40.4% vs 26.1%; p = 0.024). The majority of recipients (72%) who were no longer in training pursued fellowships, with a significant likelihood that fellowship subspecialty correlated with NREF research category (p < 0.001). Seventy-nine percent of winners entered academic neurosurgery practice, with 18% obtaining the position of chair. The median h-index among NREF winners was 11. NIH funding was obtained by 71 awardees (32%) with 36 (18%) being a principal investigator on an R01 grant from the NIH Research Project Grant Program.CONCLUSIONSThe majority of AANS/NREF research award recipients enter academics as fellowship-trained neurosurgeons, with approximately one-third obtaining NIH funding. Analysis of this unique cohort allows for identification of characteristics of academic success.
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Dezena, Roberto Alexandre, Jaime Olavo Marquez, João Pedro De Oliveira Jr., et al. "Pioneer shunt implantation surgery in Brazil." Archives of Pediatric Neurosurgery 3, no. 3(September-December) (2021): e1022021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46900/apn.v3i3(september-december).102.
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One of the first experiences of shunt implantation in the world occurred in 1949, by Nulsen and Spitz, who implanted a rubber catheter with a ball valve system, from the lateral ventricle to the internal jugular vein [1]. In the 1950s, the shunt systems had great development, especially the Spitz-Holter system, first used in 1956, consisting of the first system produced on a large scale. The second patient who benefited from this new system was Holter's son Casey, who had myelomeningocele [2,3]. From these first American reports, the shunt surgery had great worldwide dissemination in the 1960s. One of the first CSF shunts in Brazil and Latin America occurred in 1966, in the city of Uberaba, Minas Gerais, by Prof. Francisco Mauro Guerra Terra, founder of the Chair of Neurosurgery at Triângulo Mineiro Medical School, today part of Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM). The procedure was performed at the Children's Hospital of Uberaba, at the time one of University Hospitals, and the patient was a 7-month-old baby named Maria Beatriz. The child suffered from hydrocephalus, as a complication of tuberculous meningitis, and was diagnosed by pneumoventriculography, a procedure described by Dandy, and widely used in the era before tomography [4] (Fig. 1). The child was submitted to a ventriculo-atrial shunt (Figs. 2, 3 and 4), with implantation of a catheter without a valve, an option widely used at the time. Besides Prof. Guerra, the surgical team was composed by the then medical students Jaime Olavo Marquez, later titular of the Neurology Department of UFTM, Antônio Luiz da Costa Sobrinho, later a neurosurgeon, who later settled in Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil Carlos Antunes de Paula, also later a neurosurgeon, who settled in the city of Santos, São Paulo, Brazil and the anesthesiologist Dr. Newton Camargo Araújo, from Uberaba (Fig. 5). There is a postoperative image of the case, showing the success of the procedure (Fig. 6). The surgery had great repercussion in the national media at the time (Fig. 7).
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Dan, Noel G. "Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine: 50th Anniversary (1957–2007)by History Compilation Committee (Chair: Young Seob Chung)." Journal of the History of the Neurosciences 19, no. 1 (2010): 65–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09647040903197099.
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Chalif, Eric J. "The Surgeon, or The Extraction of the Stone of Madness, by Jan Sanders van Hemessen (c 1500–1566)." Neurosurgical Focus 54, no. 2 (2023): E2. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2022.11.focus22613.
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The Surgeon, or The Extraction of the Stone of Madness is one of the most striking representations of neurosurgery in art. The focus of the painting is occupied by a surgeon who, with a concentrated gaze and wry smile, attempts to remove a stone from the forehead of an anguished young man who is tied to a chair, crying in agony. The artist of this dramatic work is the relatively obscure Jan Sanders van Hemessen (c 1500–1566). Hemessen lived in a time of artistic ferment in the Netherlands as conservative local traditions gave way to new ideas imported from Italy, which marked the beginning of the Romanism period. Romanists were aspiring young Netherlandish artists who traveled to Rome, Florence, Milan, and Venice to study the works of High Renaissance masters such as Michelangelo, Raphael, and Leonardo da Vinci. With these lessons in mind, they combined the typical features of early Netherlandish painting—a high degree of realism, the use of symbolic iconography, and a focus on genre painting and still life—with the dramatic gestures, heroic postures, chiaroscuro, space and volume, and grand humanistic themes of the Italian Renaissance. Hemessen’s interpretation of the allegory of the stone of madness reveals these Italian influences while also retaining the early Netherlandish tradition of realism and iconography, in which the objective world represents a realm of symbolic implication carrying allegorical moralistic messages. The predominant interpretation of The Surgeon, or The Extraction of the Stone of Madness is as a metaphor for stupidity and gullibility, a common theme in Netherlandish art of this time. As such, Hemessen’s painting symbolizes the limits of the medical profession and underscores the persistent hope for neurosurgery to treat psychiatric disease in the future.
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Park, Tae Yoon, and Kwang-Soo Kim. "Therapeutic improvement of Parkinson’s disease transplantation therapy through modulating the immune system." Journal of Immunology 210, no. 1_Supplement (2023): 173.42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.210.supp.173.42.
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Abstract We report clinically the implantation of patient-derived midbrain dopaminergic progenitor cells (mDAPs), differentiated in vitrofrom autologous iPSCs, in a patient with idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD). The patient-specific mDAPs were produced under Good Manufacturing Practice conditions and characterized as having the phenotypic properties of substantia nigra pars compacta neurons; testing in a humanized mouse model indicated an absence of immunogenicity to these cells. The cells were implanted into the putamen (left hemisphere followed by right hemisphere, 6 months apart) of a patient with PD, without the need for immunosuppression. Clinical measures of symptoms of PD after surgery stabilized or improved at 18 to 24 months after implantation. Although our previous data (Schweitzer*, Park* et al., NEJM, 382(20) p1926–1932, 2020) showed that using autologous mDAPs can avoid graft rejection, cell survival and functional recovery in the first patient as assessed by 18F-DOPA PET scan analysis and clinical motor assessments was modest, suggesting that survival of mDA neurons may have been suboptimal even in autologous implantation. We have developed a safer and more effective treatment by not only increasing mDA neuron survival by simultaneously controlling the causative immune response, but also by modulating the problematic proliferative property, which is a characteristic of progenitor cells after implantation. In conclusion, our new study suggests that initial, specific mDA neuron survival in these grafts is strongly affected by the host innate immune response, while long-term graft survival is subject to the adaptive immune response, elucidating a two-phase involvement of the immune system for graft survival. This work was supported by NIH grants (NS070577 and OD024622), the Parkinson’s Cell Therapy Research Fund at McLean Hospital and Massachusetts General Hospital, and the Masson Family Endowed Scholar in Neurosurgery, and the George A. Lopez, MD Endowed Chair in Neurosurgery.
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Kemp, Steven. "Steven Kemp interviews Gus Baker." Neuropsychologist 1, no. 10 (2020): 73–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.53841/bpsneur.2020.1.10.73.
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Professor Gus Baker has been employed as an Academic Clinician for more than 30 years. He has worked equally between the Walton Centre for Neurology and Neurosurgery and the Division of Neurosciences at the University of Liverpool. During his career he has received many accolades including the BPS Award for Distinguished Contribution to Practie, the DoN’s Barbara Wilson Award and the Lord Hastings Award from the charity Epilepsy Action. In 1998 he was made a Fellow of the BPS and in 1999 he was made an Ambassador for Epilepsy. He is the author of over 260 articles, chapter and books and has presented lectures and workshops in 53 countries. He is currently a vice president of Epilepsy Action and Joint Chair of the International Bureau for Epilepsy Research Commission. He serves on the International League Against Epilepsy Neuropsychology Task Force and is the DoN’s representative on the European Neuropsychology Task Force and the BPS Expert Witness Advisory Group. He is married and lives in the Cumbrian North Lakes.
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Raymaekers, S., Z. Van Duppen, K. Demyttenaere, et al. "Deep brain stimulation and anterior capsulotomy: The question of autonomy." European Psychiatry 41, S1 (2017): S323. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.02.249.
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IntroductionIn carefully selected treatment-refractory patients with obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), deep brain stimulation (DBS) or anterior capsulotomy (AC) might be considered as a possible treatment. However, the direct intervention in the brain can raise questions about autonomy. Do patients still feel like they are in control of their actions when their behavior is changed by a surgical intervention?Objective/aimsTo examine in both AC and DBS patients whether these intervention influenced perception of autonomy. We aimed to discover any differences in these perceptions when comparing AC and DBS patients.MethodsWe conducted semi-structured interviews with AC and DBS patients. Interviews were recorded digitally and transcribed verbatim. We analyzed interviews in an iterative process based on grounded theory principles.ResultsWe interviewed 10 DBS patients and 6 AC patients. Sense of agency (the awareness that one is the author of his/her own actions) did not seem to be diminished by AC or DBS. However, especially DBS patients are aware of their dependency on a device for their well-being. Another important theme is authenticity (in how far patients perceive their actions and thoughts as matching their self-concept). Feelings of authenticity can be disturbed especially in cases of induced hypomania (for DBS) or apathy (for AC). OCD itself also has an impact on autonomy as patients describe a lack of freedom due to their disorder.ConclusionDespite extensive changes in emotions, behavior and even personal identity after DBS or AC surgery, perceived autonomy was not greatly altered in these OCD patients.Disclosure of interestMedtronic provided grants for research, education, and traveling to B. Nuttin and L. Gabriëls, who hold the Medtronic Chair for Stereotactic Neurosurgery in Psychiatric Disorders at KU Leuven. S. Raymaekers is supported by this Chair. B. Nuttin co-owns a patent on DBS in OCD.
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GAŁĄZKA, Jakub, Łukasz Krzysztof DOMAGALSKI, Zofia HOFFMAN, et al. "Pineal cyst-related sleep disorders – a narrative review." Journal of Education, Health and Sport 33, no. 1 (2023): 11–16. https://doi.org/10.12775/JEHS.2023.33.01.001.
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<strong>GAŁĄZKA, Jakub Krzysztof, DOMAGALSKI, Łukasz, HOFFMAN, Zofia, HOMA, Piotr, KALETA, Natalia, DRABCZYŃSKA, Katarzyna & CZYŻEWSKI, Wojciech. Pineal cyst-related sleep disorders – a narrative review</strong><strong>. </strong><strong>Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2023;</strong><strong>3</strong><strong>3</strong><strong>(1):</strong><strong>11-16.</strong><strong> eISSN 2391-8306. DOI </strong><strong>http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/JEHS.2023.3</strong><strong>3</strong><strong>.01.00</strong><strong>1</strong> <strong>https://apcz.umk.pl/JEHS/article/view/4363</strong><strong>7</strong> <strong>https://zenodo.org/record/7962635</strong> <strong>The journal has had 40 points in Ministry of Education and Science of Poland parametric evaluation. Annex to the announcement of the Minister of Education and Science of December 21, 2021. No. 32343.</strong> <strong>Has a Journal's Unique Identifier: 201159. Scientific disciplines assigned: Physical Culture Sciences (Field of Medical sciences and health sciences); Health Sciences (Field of Medical Sciences and Health Sciences).</strong> <strong>Punkty Ministerialne z 2019 - aktualny rok 40 punktów. Załącznik do komunikatu Ministra Edukacji i Nauki z dnia 21 grudnia 2021 r. Lp. 32343. Posiada Unikatowy Identyfikator Czasopisma: 201159.</strong> <strong>Przypisane dyscypliny naukowe: Nauki o kulturze fizycznej (Dziedzina nauk medycznych i nauk o zdrowiu); Nauki o zdrowiu (Dziedzina nauk medycznych i nauk o zdrowiu).</strong> <strong>© The Authors 2023;</strong> <strong>This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland</strong> <strong>Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author (s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial license Share alike.</strong> <strong>(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.</strong> <strong>The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper.</strong> <strong>Received: </strong><strong>19</strong><strong>.</strong><strong>04.</strong><strong>2023. Revised: </strong><strong>10</strong><strong>.0</strong><strong>5</strong><strong>.2023. Accepted: </strong><strong>23</strong><strong>.0</strong><strong>5</strong><strong>.2023. Published: </strong><strong>23</strong><strong>.0</strong><strong>5</strong><strong>.2023.</strong> <strong>Pineal cyst-related sleep disorders – a narrative review</strong> Jakub Krzysztof Gałązka - Students’ Scientific Association at Department and Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolic Diseases, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-090 Lublin, Poland, ORCID: 0000-0003-3128-773X Łukasz Domagalski - Students’ Scientific Association at Department of Neurosurgery and Pediatric Neurosurgery, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-090 Lublin, Poland, ORCID: 0000-0001-6910-4607, e-mail: lukdom4@gmail.com (corresponding author) Zofia Hoffman - Students’ Scientific Association at Chair of Human Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczeweskiego 4, 20-090 Lublin, Poland, ORCID: 0000-0001-7996-0706 Piotr Homa - Students’ Scientific Association at the Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, Medical University of Lublin, Gebali 6, 20-093 Lublin, Poland, ORCID: 0000-0003-0751-7400 Natalia Kaleta - Students' Scientific Association at Department and Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Medical University of Lublin, Staszica 16, 20-400 Lublin, Poland, ORCID: 0009-0001-6667-4521 Katarzyna Drabczyńska - Students' Scientific Association at Department and Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Medical University of Lublin Staszica 16, 20-400 Lublin, Poland, ORCID: 0009-0007-5950-9185 Wojciech Czyżewski - Department of Neurosurgery and Pediatric Neurosurgery, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; Chair and Department of Didactics and Medical Simulation, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4, 20-093 Lublin, Poland, ORCID: 0000-0001-6949-2769 <strong>Abstract</strong> The pineal gland is an endocrine gland, which is responsible for the human circadian rhythm, through the regulation of its hormone – melatonin. The most common pathology of a pineal gland is pineal cyst – its population incidence is estimated as 1-23%, depending on the publication. The most common symptoms of a pineal cyst include headache (87%), visual field defects (54%), nausea/vomiting (34%), and dizziness/vertigo (31%). Among the majority of patients with the asymptomatic pineal cyst, the wait-and-see strategy is proper. According to the newest meta-analyze, the prevalence of sleep disturbances among patients with pineal cyst estimates to be 17%. The results of direct melatonin level measurements in pineal cysts remain unclear. The study focused on sleep disturbances in pediatric patients with pineal cysts and showed a significantly higher score on Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children (SDSC) in the domains of disorders of excessive sleepiness and disorders of initiating and maintaining sleep than the control groups. The impact of lesion on sleep quality correlated with its size. The pineal cyst may be considered a rare, and potentially reversible, cause of sleep disorders. Nevertheless, according to the present reports (often opposite to each other), this thesis and the mechanism of its occurrence need to be further researched. <strong>Keywords: </strong>sleep disorders, pineal cyst, melatonin, neuroendocrinology, neurosurgery
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Hoffman, Zofia, Piotr Homa, Jakub Krzysztof Gałązka, et al. "Multidisciplinary approach for a severe head burn caused by high-voltage electrical shock – a case report." Journal of Education, Health and Sport 12, no. 9 (2022): 754–62. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7078178.
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<strong>Hoffman, Zofia, Homa, Piotr, Gałązka, Jakub Krzysztof, Sakwa, Leon, Szymoniuk, Michał, Domagalski, Łukasz, Wdowiak, Marcin, Czyżewski, Wojciech, Rola, Radosław</strong><strong>,</strong><strong> Antonov, Sergey</strong><strong>. </strong><strong>Multidisciplinary approach for a severe head burn caused by high-voltage electrical shock – a case report</strong><strong>.</strong><strong> Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2022;12(9):</strong><strong>7</strong><strong>54</strong><strong>-</strong><strong>7</strong><strong>62</strong><strong>. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI</strong> <strong>http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/JEHS.2022.12.09.08</strong><strong>9</strong> <strong>https://apcz.umk.pl/JEHS/article/view/39</strong><strong>771</strong> <strong>https://zenodo.org/record/7076385</strong> <strong>The journal has had 40 points in Ministry of Education and Science of Poland parametric evaluation. Annex to the announcement of the Minister of Education and Science of December 21, 2021. No. 32343.</strong> <strong>Has a Journal's Unique Identifier: 201159. Scientific disciplines assigned: Physical Culture Sciences (Field of Medical sciences and health sciences); Health Sciences (Field of Medical Sciences and Health Sciences).</strong> <strong>Punkty Ministerialne z 2019 - aktualny rok 40 punktów. Załącznik do komunikatu Ministra Edukacji i Nauki z dnia 21 grudnia 2021 r. Lp. 32343. Posiada Unikatowy Identyfikator Czasopisma: 201159.</strong> <strong>Przypisane dyscypliny naukowe: Nauki o kulturze fizycznej (Dziedzina nauk medycznych i nauk o zdrowiu); Nauki o zdrowiu (Dziedzina nauk medycznych i nauk o zdrowiu).</strong> <strong>© The Authors 2022;</strong> <strong>This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland</strong> <strong>Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author (s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial license Share alike.</strong> <strong>(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.</strong> <strong>The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper.</strong> <strong>Received: </strong><strong>01</strong><strong>.0</strong><strong>9</strong><strong>.2022. Revised: 02.09.2022. Accepted: 1</strong><strong>3</strong><strong>.09.2022.</strong> <strong>Multidisciplinary approach for a severe head burn caused by high-voltage electrical shock – a case report</strong> <strong>Zofia Hoffman</strong><strong><sup>1</sup></strong><strong>, Piotr Homa</strong><strong><sup>2</sup></strong><strong>, Jakub Krzysztof Gałązka</strong><strong><sup>3</sup></strong><strong>, Leon Sakwa</strong><strong><sup>4</sup></strong><strong>, Micha</strong><strong>ł Szymoniuk</strong><strong><sup>5</sup></strong><strong>, Łukasz Domagalski</strong><strong><sup>5</sup></strong><strong>, Marcin Wdowiak</strong><strong><sup>6</sup></strong><strong>, Wojciech Czyżewski</strong><strong><sup>6</sup></strong><strong>, Rados</strong><strong>ław Rola</strong><strong><sup>6</sup></strong><strong>, Sergey Antonov</strong><strong><sup>7</sup></strong> 1 – Students’ Scientific Association at Chair of Human Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczeweskiego 4, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; zofhof@gmail.com 2 – Students’ Scientific Association at the Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, Medical University of Lublin, Profesora Antoniego Gebali 6, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; p.k.homa@gmail.com 3 – Students’ Scientific Association at Chair and Department of Clinical Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4A, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; jakubgalazka2@wp.pl 4 – Student Scientific Society, Kazimierz Pulaski University of Technologies and Humanities in Radom, Chrobrego 27, 26-600 Radom, Poland; sakwus@gmail.com 5 – Students’ Scientific Association at Department of Neurosurgery and Paediatric Neurosurgery, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; michmatsz@gmail.com 6 – Department and Clinic of Neurosurgery and Paediatric Neurosurgery, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; wojciech.w.czyzewski@gmail.com (W.C.) 7 – Department of Plastic and Recontructive Surgery, St. John’s Cancer Center, Jaczewskiego 7, 20-090 Lublin, Poland <strong>Abstract</strong> In modern reconstructive medicine, personalized bone substitutes provide therapeutic hope for patients with non-standard bone defects. The study aims to present a description of a case of using a personalized bone substitute material, taking into account the vascular connections formed after a previous skin transplant. The 29-year-old patient was admitted to the plastic surgery department urgently after being electrocuted with high voltage. Due to extensive scalp burns, a skin graft was performed in the area of previously removed skin along with a charred skull bone vault. After a few months, the patient was qualified for cranioplasty with the use of personalized bone substitutes. The necessity to make cuts around the vascular connections present in the transplanted tissue was the main difficulty in the for the operator. The operation was successful and the recovery was uneventful. The patient was discharged home in good general and local condition. The presented case illustrates the need to take into account creating vascular connections with the use of personalized bone substitutes in patients after skin transplants Keywords: burn, reconstructive neurosurgery, reconstruction of skull bones defects, head injury, cranioplasty
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Islam, Md Joynul, Fariha Haseen, Sanat Kumar Saha, Moshiur Rahman Khasru, Mahboob Morshed, and AKM Salek. "Prevalence and Risk Factors of Low Back Pain among Medical Professionals Working In Selected Tertiary Hospitals in Dhaka City." Bangladesh Journal of Neurosurgery 9, no. 2 (2020): 135–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjns.v9i2.44889.
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Background: Health care workers are most frequently suffering from lower back pain.
 Objective: The purpose of the present study was to determine the prevalence and the effects of low back pain among health care providers working in Dhaka city.
 Methodology: This descriptivecross sectional study was conducted in Department of Neurosurgery at National Institute of Neurosciences & Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh from July 2012 to June 2013 for a period of one (1) year. The physicians and nurses who were working in the public hospital at any age group of both male and female were selected as study population. The details of the history of the physicians and nurses regarding their life style, hour of practising, and the mode of work and so on were asked in face to faced interview. A survey was carried out to174 conveniently selected participants to be filled and completed. Both descriptive and inferential tests were reported.
 Result:A total number of 117 medical professional were recruited from 5 hospital in Dhaka city. Majority medical professionals were from BSMMU (48.0%).The majority study subjects were mentioned that they had spent 6 to 12 hours every day for work which was 92(53.8%). Most of the respondents mentioned that the working environment was very good to fair. The prevalence of low back pain was found in almost every respondents which was 113(66.1) subjects. Interestingly most of the respondents were clearly stated that the LBP was occurred after joining in the work. In this study majority of the respondents were given the history of localized low back pain which was 86(76.1%) subjects. Moderate intensity of pain was reported by most of the respondents which was 67(59.3%) subjects. Intermittent nature of pain was mostly recorded which was 70(61.9%) subjects.There were several individual and profession risks factors were retrieved from the respondents. Many study subjects were given the answer about lifting objects or patients from bed to bed or wheel chair which was 55(48.7%) subjects. About 91(80.5%) respondents had said that pain was due to bad body posture.
 Conclusion: In conclusion most of the medical professionals are suffering from moderate intensity lower back pain after joining of their job
 Bang. J Neurosurgery 2020; 9(2): 135-141
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Danilov, Valeriy Ivanovich. "THE CHAIR OF NEUROLOGY AND NEUROSURGERY OF THE FACULTY OF ADVANCED TRAINING AND PROFESSIONAL RETRAINING OF KAZAN STATE MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 20 YEARS OF MEDICAL, EDUCATIONAL AND SCIENTIFIC ACT." Российский нейрохирургический журнал им. профессора А.Л. Поленова 14, no. 3 (2022): 155–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.56618/20712693_2022_14_3_155.
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Boulis, Nicholas M., Jun Yang, Qingshan Teng, et al. "Light Chain Gene-based Control of Neocortical Epilepsy." Neurosurgery 57, no. 2 (2005): 426–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neurosurgery/57.2.426b.
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Sone, Je Yeong, S. Courtney-Kay Lamb, Kristina Techar, et al. "High prevalence of prior contact sports play and concussion among orthopedic and neurosurgical department chairs." Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics 22, no. 1 (2018): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2018.1.peds17640.
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OBJECTIVEIncreased understanding of the consequences of traumatic brain injury has heightened concerns about youth participation in contact sports. This study investigated the prevalence of high school and collegiate contact sports play and concussion history among surgical department chairs.METHODSA cross-sectional survey was administered to 107 orthopedic and 74 neurosurgery chairs. Responses were compared to published historical population norms for contact sports (high school 27.74%, collegiate 1.44%), football (high school 10.91%, collegiate 0.76%), and concussion prevalence (12%). One-proportion Z-tests, chi-square tests, and binary logistic regression were used to analyze differences.RESULTSHigh school contact sports participation was 2.35-fold higher (65.3%, p < 0.001) for orthopedic chairs and 1.73-fold higher (47.9%, p = 0.0018) for neurosurgery chairs than for their high school peers. Collegiate contact sports play was 31.0-fold higher (44.7%, p < 0.001) for orthopedic chairs and 15.1-fold higher (21.7%, p < 0.001) for neurosurgery chairs than for their college peers. Orthopedic chairs had a 4.30-fold higher rate of high school football participation (46.9%, p < 0.001) while neurosurgery chairs reported a 3.05-fold higher rate (33.3%, p < 0.001) than their high school peers. Orthopedic chairs reported a 28.1-fold higher rate of collegiate football participation (21.3%, p < 0.001) and neurosurgery chairs reported an 8.58-fold higher rate (6.5%, p < 0.001) compared to their college peers. The rate at which orthopedic (42.6%, p < 0.001) and neurosurgical (42.4%, p < 0.001) chairs reported having at least 1 concussion in their lifetime was significantly higher than the reported prevalence in the general population. After correction for worst possible ascertainment bias, all results except high school contact sports participation remained significant.CONCLUSIONSThe high prevalence of youth contact sports play and concussion among surgical specialty chairs affirms that individuals in careers requiring high motor and cognitive function frequently played contact sports. The association highlights the need to further examine the relationships between contact sports and potential long-term benefits as well as risks of sport-related injury.
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Newman, William C., Yue-Fang Chang, and L. Dade Lunsford. "Professionalism and performance issues during neurosurgical training and job satisfaction after training: a single training center 50-year experience." Journal of Neurosurgery 131, no. 1 (2019): 245–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2018.3.jns172347.
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OBJECTIVENeurosurgery is often self-selecting. Concern has been raised that residents in the millennial era (born between 1982 and 2004) may have more serious professionalism and performance issues (PPIs) during training compared to prior trainees. Serious PPIs were defined as concerns that led to specific resident disciplinary actions ranging from initial warnings to termination. In order to evaluate this concern, the authors retrospectively reviewed a 50-year experience at a single training center. They then prospectively surveyed living graduates of the program to assess variations in practice patterns and job satisfaction over 5 decades.METHODSThe PPIs of 141 residents admitted for training at the University of Pittsburgh (subsequently UPMC) Department of Neurological Surgery were reviewed by decade starting in 1971 when the first department chair was appointed. The review was conducted by the senior author, who served from 1975 to 1980 as a resident, as a faculty member since 1980, and as the resident director since 1986. A review of resident PPIs between 1971 and 1974 was performed in consultation with a senior faculty member active at that time. During the last decade, electronic reporting of PPIs was performed by entry into an electronic reporting system. In order to further evaluate whether the frequency of PPIs affected subsequent job satisfaction and practice patterns after completion of training, the authors surveyed living graduates.RESULTSThere was no statistically significant difference by decade in serious PPIs. Although millennial residents had no significant increase in the reporting of serious PPIs, the increased use of electronic event reporting over the most recent 2 decades coincided with a trend of increased reporting of all levels of suspected PPIs (p < 0.05). Residents surveyed after completion of training showed no difference by decade in types of practice or satisfaction-based metrics (p > 0.05) but reported increasing concerns related to the impact of their profession on their own lifestyle as well as their family’s.CONCLUSIONSThere was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of serious PPIs over 5 decades of training neurosurgery residents at the authors’ institution. During the millennial era, serious PPIs have not been increasing. However, reporting of all levels of PPIs is increasing coincident with the ease of electronic reporting. There was remarkably little variance in satisfaction metrics or type of practice over the 5 decades studied.
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Woźniak, Kamila, Dorota Ratuszek-Sadowska, Maciej Śniegocki, and Paweł Orłowski. "Hematoma vertex treated conservatively - case report = Krwiak nadtwardówkowy na sklepistości leczony zachowawczo - opis przypadku." Journal of Education, Health and Sport 5, no. 8 (2015): 265–79. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.28242.
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<strong>Woźniak Kamila, Ratuszek-Sadowska Dorota, Śniegocki Maciej, Orłowski Paweł. </strong><strong>Hematoma vertex treated conservatively - case report = Krwiak nadtwardówkowy na sklepistości leczony zachowawczo - opis przypadku. </strong><strong>Journal</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Education</strong><strong>, </strong><strong>Health</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Sport</strong><strong>. </strong><strong>2015;5(8):</strong><strong>265</strong><strong>-</strong><strong>279</strong><strong>.</strong> <strong>ISSN</strong><strong> 2391-8306</strong><strong>. </strong><strong>DOI</strong> <strong>10.5281/</strong><strong>zenodo</strong><strong>.282</strong><strong>42</strong> <strong>http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.28242</strong> <strong>http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/2015%3B5%288%29%3A265-279</strong> <strong>https://pbn.nauka.gov.pl/works/608731</strong> <strong>POL-index https://pbn.nauka.gov.pl/polindex/browse/article/article-c2eb9917-33cb-4313-abac-e39cb4578d4a</strong> <strong>Formerly Journal of Health Sciences. ISSN 1429-9623 / 2300-665X. Archives 2011–2014 </strong><strong>http://journal.rsw.edu.pl/index.php/JHS/issue/archive</strong> <strong>Deklaracja.</strong> <strong>Specyfika i zawartość merytoryczna czasopisma nie ulega zmianie.</strong> <strong>Zgodnie z informacją MNiSW z dnia 2 czerwca 2014 r., że w roku 2014 nie będzie przeprowadzana ocena czasopism naukowych; czasopismo o zmienionym tytule otrzymuje tyle samo punktów co na wykazie czasopism naukowych z dnia 31 grudnia 2014 r.</strong> <strong>The journal has had 5 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education of Poland parametric evaluation. Part B item 1089. (31.12.2014).</strong> <strong>© The Author (s) 2015;</strong> <strong>This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland and Radom University in Radom, Poland</strong> <strong>Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, </strong> <strong>provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License </strong> <strong>(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.</strong> <strong>This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial</strong> <strong>use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.</strong> <strong>The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper.</strong> <strong>Received: 20.06.2015. Revised 20.07.2015. Accepted: 18.08.2015.</strong> <strong>Hematoma vertex treated conservatively - case report</strong> <strong>Krwiak nadtwardówkowy na sklepistości leczony zachowawczo - opis przypadku</strong> <strong>Kamila Woźniak<sup>1</sup>, Dorota Ratuszek-Sadowska<sup>2</sup>, Maciej Śniegocki<sup>1</sup>, Paweł Orłowski<sup>3</sup></strong> <strong>1. </strong><strong>Klinika Neurochirurgii, Neurotraumatologii i Neurochirurgii Dziecięcej, Collegium Medicum im. Ludwika Rydygiera w Bydgoszczy, Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu, Polska</strong> <strong>Department of Neurosurgery, Neurotraumatology and Pediatric Neurosurgery Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Poland </strong> <strong>2. </strong><strong>Katedra i Klinika Rehabilitacji, Collegium Medicum im. Ludwika Rydygiera w Bydgoszczy, Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu, Polska</strong> <strong>2.</strong><strong>Chair and Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Poland</strong> <strong>3. </strong><strong>Katedra i Zakład Laseroterapii i Fizjoterapii, Collegium Medicum im. Ludwika Rydygiera w Bydgoszczy, Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu, Polska</strong> <strong>Department of Lasertherapy and Physiotherapy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Poland</strong> <strong>Streszczenie</strong> Krwiak nadtwardówkowy na sklepistości (hematoma vertex) jest rzadką, ale dobrze znaną w neurochirurgii jednostką. Najczęściej jest on spowodowany urazem. Obraz kliniczny może być mylący i niespecyficzny. Krwiak nadtwardówkowy na sklepistości stanowi duże wyzwanie zarówno diagnostyczne jak i lecznicze. Diagnostyka obrazowa obejmuje przede wszystkim badanie tomografii komputerowej głowy. Ponad 40% krwiaków nadtwardówkowych nie wymaga interwencji neurochirurgicznej. W literaturze światowej nie ma jednoznacznych wytycznych co do jednoznacznej kwalifikacji chorego z krwiakiem nadtwardówkowym na sklepistości do leczenia operacyjnego. Prezentujemy przypadek kliniczny pacjenta z urazowym krwiakiem nadtwardówkowym na sklepistości (hematoma vertex), który w chwili przyjęcia nie prezentował jakichkolwiek deficytów i innych odchyleń w badaniu neurologicznym. U pacjenta wdrożono postępowanie zachowawcze. Po 6 miesiącach obserwacji krwiak samoistnie wchłonął się. <strong>Słowa kluczowe</strong>: tomografia komputerowa, krwiak nadtwardówkowy, krwiak na sklepistości. <strong>Abstract</strong> Epidural hematoma at the convexity (hematoma vertex) is a rare but well known in the neurosurgery unit. Most often it is caused by trauma. The clinical picture can be misleading and non-specific. Epidural hematoma on convexity is a big challenge for both diagnostic and therapeutic. Diagnostic imaging includes primarily computed tomography study. Over 40% of epidural hematomas do not require neurosurgical intervention. In the world literature there is no clear guidance as to uniquely qualified patient with epidural hematoma on the convexity for surgery. We present a case report of a patient with traumatic epidural hematoma on the convexity (hematoma vertex), which at the time of the adoption did not present any deficits and other deviations in neurological examination. The patient was implemented conservative treatment. After 6 months of follow-up hematoma self-absorbed. <strong>Key words</strong>: coronal computed tomography, hematoma vertex, epidural hematoma.
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Woźniak, Kamila, Dorota Ratuszek-Sadowska, and Maciej Śniegocki. "Epidural hematoma in the pediatric population – case study = Krwiak nadtwardówkowy w populacji pediatrycznej - opis przypadku." Journal of Education, Health and Sport 5, no. 8 (2015): 243–52. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.28216.
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<strong>Woźniak Kamila, Ratuszek-Sadowska Dorota, Śniegocki Maciej. </strong><strong>Epidural hematoma in the pediatric population – case study = Krwiak nadtwardówkowy w populacji pediatrycznej - opis przypadku. </strong><strong>Journal</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Education</strong><strong>, </strong><strong>Health</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Sport</strong><strong>. </strong><strong>2015;5(8):</strong><strong>243</strong><strong>-</strong><strong>252</strong><strong>.</strong> <strong>ISSN</strong><strong> 2391-8306</strong><strong>. </strong><strong>DOI</strong> <strong>10.5281/</strong><strong>zenodo</strong><strong>.2821</strong><strong>6</strong> <strong>http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.28216</strong> <strong>http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/2015%3B5%288%29%3A243-252</strong> <strong>https://pbn.nauka.gov.pl/works/608458</strong> <strong>Formerly Journal of Health Sciences. ISSN 1429-9623 / 2300-665X. Archives 2011–2014 </strong><strong>http://journal.rsw.edu.pl/index.php/JHS/issue/archive</strong> <strong>Deklaracja.</strong> <strong>Specyfika i zawartość merytoryczna czasopisma nie ulega zmianie.</strong> <strong>Zgodnie z informacją MNiSW z dnia 2 czerwca 2014 r., że w roku 2014 nie będzie przeprowadzana ocena czasopism naukowych; czasopismo o zmienionym tytule otrzymuje tyle samo punktów co na wykazie czasopism naukowych z dnia 31 grudnia 2014 r.</strong> <strong>The journal has had 5 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education of Poland parametric evaluation. Part B item 1089. (31.12.2014).</strong> <strong>© The Author (s) 2015;</strong> <strong>This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland and Radom University in Radom, Poland</strong> <strong>Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, </strong> <strong>provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License </strong> <strong>(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.</strong> <strong>This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial</strong> <strong>use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.</strong> <strong>The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper.</strong> <strong>Received: 05.06.2015. Revised 15.07.2015. Accepted: 12.08.2015.</strong> <strong>Krwiak nadtwardówkowy w populacji pediatrycznej - opis przypadku</strong> <strong>Epidural hematoma in the pediatric population – case study</strong> <strong>Kamila Woźniak<sup>1</sup>, Dorota Ratuszek-Sadowska<sup>2</sup>, Maciej Śniegocki<sup>1</sup></strong> <strong>1. </strong><strong>Klinika Neurochirurgii, Neurotraumatologii i Neurochirurgii Dziecięcej, Collegium Medicum im. Ludwika Rydygiera w Bydgoszczy, Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu, Polska</strong> <strong>Department of Neurosurgery, Neurotraumatology and Pediatric Neurosurgery Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Poland</strong> <strong>2. </strong><strong>Katedra i Klinika Rehabilitacji, Collegium Medicum im. Ludwika Rydygiera w Bydgoszczy, Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu, Polska</strong> <strong>2.</strong><strong>Chair and Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Poland</strong> <strong>Streszczenie</strong> Urazy głowy są głównymi przyczynami zgonu i nabytych zaburzeń neurologicznych. Odmienny niż u dorosłych przebieg urazu głowy w populacji dziecięcej powoduje, że w tej grupie zdarza się najwięcej nieoczekiwanych powikłań. Z uwagi na brak specyficznych objawów klinicznych krwiak nadtwardówkowy w populacji pediatrycznej stanowi duże wyzwanie zarówno diagnostyczne jak i lecznicze. Autorzy przedstawiają opis przypadku i postępowania u 6- letniego dziecka po urazie głowy, z rozpoznanym w badaniu obrazowym krwiakiem nadtwardówkowym. <strong>Słowa kluczowe</strong>: uraz czaszkowo-mózgowy, krwiak nadtwardówkowy, populacja pediatryczna. <strong>Abstract</strong> Head injuries are the main causes of death and acquired neurological disorders. Differently than adults mileage head injury in the pediatric population means that in this group it happens most unexpected complications. Given the lack of specific clinical symptoms epidural hematoma in the pediatric population is a major challenge for both diagnostic and therapeutic. The authors present a case and proceedings in a child 6 years old after a head injury diagnosed in the study imaging epidural hematoma. <strong>Key words</strong>: cephalo-cerebral trauma, epidural hematoma, pediatric population.
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Woźniak, Kamila, Dorota Ratuszek-Sadowska, and Maciej Śniegocki. "The Moyamoya disease - the description of clinical case = Choroba moyamoya - opis przypadku klinicznego." Journal of Education, Health and Sport 5, no. 8 (2015): 253–64. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.28231.
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<strong>Woźniak Kamila, Ratuszek-Sadowska Dorota, Śniegocki Maciej. </strong><strong>The Moyamoya disease - the description of clinical case = Choroba moyamoya - opis przypadku klinicznego. </strong><strong>Journal</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Education</strong><strong>, </strong><strong>Health</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Sport</strong><strong>. </strong><strong>2015;5(8):</strong><strong>253</strong><strong>-</strong><strong>264</strong><strong>.</strong> <strong>ISSN</strong><strong> 2391-8306</strong><strong>. </strong><strong>DOI</strong> <strong>10.5281/</strong><strong>zenodo</strong><strong>.282</strong><strong>31</strong> <strong>http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.28231</strong> <strong>http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/2015%3B5%288%29%3A253-264</strong> <strong>https</strong><strong>://</strong><strong>pbn</strong><strong>.</strong><strong>nauka</strong><strong>.</strong><strong>gov</strong><strong>.</strong><strong>pl</strong><strong>/</strong><strong>works</strong><strong>/608626</strong> <strong>Formerly Journal of Health Sciences. ISSN 1429-9623 / 2300-665X. Archives 2011–2014 </strong><strong>http://journal.rsw.edu.pl/index.php/JHS/issue/archive</strong> <strong>Deklaracja.</strong> <strong>Specyfika i zawartość merytoryczna czasopisma nie ulega zmianie.</strong> <strong>Zgodnie z informacją MNiSW z dnia 2 czerwca 2014 r., że w roku 2014 nie będzie przeprowadzana ocena czasopism naukowych; czasopismo o zmienionym tytule otrzymuje tyle samo punktów co na wykazie czasopism naukowych z dnia 31 grudnia 2014 r.</strong> <strong>The journal has had 5 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education of Poland parametric evaluation. Part B item 1089. (31.12.2014).</strong> <strong>© The Author (s) 2015;</strong> <strong>This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland and Radom University in Radom, Poland</strong> <strong>Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, </strong> <strong>provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License </strong> <strong>(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.</strong> <strong>This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial</strong> <strong>use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.</strong> <strong>The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper.</strong> <strong>Received: 05.06.2015. Revised 15.07.2015. Accepted: 18.08.2015.</strong> <strong>The Moyamoya disease - the description of clinical case</strong> <strong>Choroba moyamoya - opis przypadku klinicznego</strong> <strong>Kamila Woźniak<sup>1</sup>, Dorota Ratuszek-Sadowska<sup>2</sup>, Maciej Śniegocki<sup>1</sup></strong> <strong>1. </strong><strong>Klinika Neurochirurgii, Neurotraumatologii i Neurochirurgii Dziecięcej, Collegium Medicum im. Ludwika Rydygiera w Bydgoszczy, Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu, Polska</strong> <strong>Department of Neurosurgery, Neurotraumatology and Pediatric Neurosurgery Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Poland</strong> <strong>2. </strong><strong>Katedra i Klinika Rehabilitacji, Collegium Medicum im. Ludwika Rydygiera w Bydgoszczy, Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu, Polska</strong> <strong>2.</strong><strong>Chair and Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Poland</strong> <strong>Streszczenie</strong> Choroba moyamoya (<em>ang. moyamoya disease</em>) jest to rzadki zespół chorobowy o nieznanej etiologii, występujący głównie u młodych Azjatów. Powoduje on niedrożność dużych tętnic wewnątrzczaszkowych - szczególnie końcowego odcinka tętnicy szyjnej wewnętrznej, tętnicy środkowej oraz przedniej mózgu. Konsekwencją niedrożności jest niedokrwienie ośrodkowego układu nerwowego, przebiegające najczęściej pod postacią przemijających napadów niedokrwiennych, choć może również przebiegać jako udar mózgu lub krwotok mózgowy. W języku japońskim moyamoya oznacza kłęby dymu. <strong>Słowa kluczowe</strong>: choroba moyamoya, angiografia, udar, TIA. <strong>Abstract</strong> Moyamoya disease is a rare syndrome of unknown etiology, occurring mostly in young Asians. It causes obstruction of large intracranial arteries - particularly the distal internal carotid artery and the artery middle and front of the brain. The consequence of ischemia is obstruction of the central nervous system, running most often in the form of transient ischemic attacks, although it can also occur as stroke or cerebral hemorrhage. In Japanese moyamoya means billows of smoke. <strong>Key words</strong>: moyamoya disease, angiography, stroke, TIA.
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Opalak, Charles F., Rafael A. Vega, Jodi L. Koste, R. Scott Graham, and Alex B. Valadka. "One hundred years of neurosurgery at the Medical College of Virginia/Virginia Commonwealth University (1919–2019)." Journal of Neurosurgery 133, no. 6 (2020): 1873–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2019.8.jns183464.
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The Department of Neurosurgery at the Medical College of Virginia/Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU) celebrates its 100th anniversary in 2019. It was founded by C. C. Coleman, who directed the US Army School of Brain Surgery during World War I and was one of the original members of the Society of Neurological Surgeons. Coleman began a residency program that was among the first four such programs in the United States and that produced such prominent graduates as Frank Mayfield, Gayle Crutchfield, and John Meredith. Neurosurgery at VCU later became a division under the medical school’s surgery department. Division chairs included William Collins and Donald Becker. It was during the Becker years that VCU became a leading National Institutes of Health–funded neurotrauma research center. Harold Young oversaw the transition from division to department and expanded the practice base of the program. In 2015, Alex Valadka assumed leadership and established international collaborations for research and education. In its first 100 years, VCU Neurosurgery has distinguished itself as an innovator in clinical research and an incubator of compassionate and service-oriented physicians.
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Veilleux, C., EL Figueroa, N. Samuel, et al. "P.133 Women in Canadian neurosurgery: an update." Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques 50, s2 (2023): S92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cjn.2023.221.
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Background: Women continue to represent a minority of the neurosurgery workforce in Canada. We herein aim to provide an update of the current Canadian landscape to gain a better understanding of the factors contributing to this disparity. Methods: Chain-referral sampling, interviews, personal communications, and online resources were used as data sources. Online survey results obtained from women attending neurosurgeons across Canada were also utilized. Quantitative analyses were performed, including summary and comparative statistics. Qualitative analyses of free-text responses were performed using axial and open coding. Results: We observe a positive trend in the incoming and graduating of female residents across the country, although this trend is lagging compared to other surgical specialties. The proportion of women in active practice remains low. Positive enabling factors for success include supportive colleagues and work environment (52.6%), academic accomplishments (36.8%), and advanced fellowship training (47.4%). Perceived barriers reported included inequalities regarding career advancement opportunities (57.8%), conflicting professional and personal interests (57.8%), and lack of mentorship (36.8%). Conclusions: Women continue to represent a small proportion of practicing neurosurgeons across Canada. Our work highlights several key factors contributing to the low representation of women in neurosurgery and identifies actionable items that can be addressed by training programs and institutions.
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McLaughlin, Diane C., Rebecca L. Achey, Robert Geertman, and Jonah Grossman. "Herpes simplex reactivation following neurosurgery: case report and review of the literature." Neurosurgical Focus 47, no. 2 (2019): E9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2019.5.focus19281.
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Herpes simplex encephalitis is a common viral encephalitis associated with significant morbidity and mortality if not diagnosed and treated early. Neurosurgery may be an impetus for viral reactivation, either from direct nerve manipulation or high-dose steroids often administered during cases. The authors present the 40th known case of herpes simplex virus (HSV) encephalitis following neurosurgical intervention and review the previously reported cases. In their review, the authors observed positive HSV polymerase chain reaction (PCR), which had initially been negative in several cases. In cases in which there is high suspicion of HSV, it may be prudent to continue antiviral therapy and retest CSF for HSV PCR. Antiviral therapy significantly reduces mortality associated with HSV encephalitis.
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Koo, Andrew B., Sasha Stogniy, Daniela Renedo, et al. "1031 Variations in Academic Neurosurgery Physician Compensation in the United States." Neurosurgery 71, Supplement_1 (2025): 139. https://doi.org/10.1227/neu.0000000000003360_1031.
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INTRODUCTION: In an era of an increasingly diverse neurosurgical workforce, one of the key challenges recognized is the need to ensure fair and equitable pay. METHODS: We performed a retrospective study of the American Association of Medical Colleges (AAMS) Faculty Salary Survey, years 2017 to 2023. Financial compensation data for full-time academic faculty were stratified by rank, gender, and race/ethnicity. The total compensation was calculated by the sum of fixed/contractual salary, medical malpractice supplement, and bonus/incentive pay. Benefits were excluded from the total compensation. RESULTS: The 2023 AAMC Faculty Salary Survey data included responses from 1,383 faculty members in Neurosurgery departments. During the study period, median compensation increased for all ranks except instructors, by approximately $20-24K per year for professor ranks, $30K per year for chiefs, and $33K per year for chairs. When comparing median annual compensation, male faculty members were compensated more than their female counterparts, with the difference in compensation for full professors narrowing for gender in the last two years. CONCLUSIONS: From 2017 to 2023, we found significant differences in salary compensation amongst academic neurosurgery faculty throughout the United States. Continued efforts to reduce salary inequities should be addressed as part of a broader effort to increase diversity within the neurosurgical specialty.
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Nandal, Khushwant, Jitender Rathee, Ritu Nandal, Priyanka Dahiya, and Manjeet Kaur. "Probiotics in Neurosurgery and Neurodegenerative Diseases: Harnessing the Gut-brain Axis for Recovery." Journal of Biology and Nature 17, no. 2 (2025): 22–34. https://doi.org/10.56557/joban/2025/v17i29413.
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The gut-brain axis (GBA), a bidirectional communication network between gut microbiota and the central nervous system, is pivotal in regulating brain health through neural, immune, and endocrine pathways. Probiotics, live beneficial bacteria, modulate the GBA to enhance neurological recovery in neurosurgery and neurodegenerative disorders, offering a novel therapeutic approach. By producing short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and neurotransmitters (e.g., serotonin, BDNF), probiotics reduce neuroinflammation, strengthen blood-brain barrier integrity, and support neuroplasticity. In neurosurgery, strains like Lactobacillus reuteri and Bifidobacterium longum lower infection rates, improve gastrointestinal motility, and enhance cognitive outcomes in traumatic brain injury (TBI) and spinal surgery by mitigating systemic inflammation. In neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s, probiotics alleviate motor and cognitive symptoms by suppressing microglial activation and enhancing SCFA production. Synbiotics and emerging interventions, like probiotic-based wound dressings, further optimize outcomes by boosting immune responses and wound healing. However, strain-specific variability, small-scale trials, and inconsistent methodologies limit clinical translation. Future research should prioritize large-scale randomized controlled trials, personalized microbiome profiling, and novel strategies like postbiotics and psychobiotics to refine efficacy and dosing. By addressing these challenges, probiotics could become integral to neurosurgical and neurological care, improving recovery and quality of life through targeted GBA modulation.
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Woźniak, Kamila, Dorota Ratuszek-Sadowska, and Maciej Śniegocki. "Dyskopatia kręgosłupa w odcinku lędźwiowym u 10 - letniego dziecka - opis przypadku = Discopathy of the lumbar spine in a 10 - years old child - case study." Journal of Education, Health and Sport 5, no. 9 (2015): 351–62. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.30934.
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<strong>Woźniak Kamila, Ratuszek-Sadowska Dorota, Śniegocki Maciej. Dyskopatia kręgosłupa w odcinku lędźwiowym u 10 - letniego dziecka - opis przypadku = Discopathy of the lumbar spine in a 10 - years old child - case study. </strong><strong>Journal of Education, Health and Sport. </strong><strong>2015;5(9):351-362. ISSN 2391-8306. DOI</strong> <strong>10.5281/zenodo.30934</strong> <strong>http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.30934</strong> <strong>http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/2015%3B5%289%29%3A351-362</strong> <strong>https://pbn.nauka.gov.pl/works/624249</strong> <strong>Formerly Journal of Health Sciences. ISSN 1429-9623 / 2300-665X. Archives 2011–2014</strong> <strong>http://journal.rsw.edu.pl/index.php/JHS/issue/archive</strong> <strong>Deklaracja.</strong> <strong>Specyfika i zawartość merytoryczna czasopisma nie ulega zmianie.</strong> <strong>Zgodnie z informacją MNiSW z dnia 2 czerwca 2014 r., że w roku 2014 nie będzie przeprowadzana ocena czasopism naukowych; czasopismo o zmienionym tytule otrzymuje tyle samo punktów co na wykazie czasopism naukowych z dnia 31 grudnia 2014 r.</strong> <strong>The journal has had 5 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education of Poland parametric evaluation. Part B item 1089. (31.12.2014).</strong> <strong>© The Author (s) 2015;</strong> <strong>This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland and Radom University in Radom, Poland</strong> <strong>Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium,</strong> <strong>provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License</strong> <strong>(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.</strong> <strong>This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial</strong> <strong>use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.</strong> <strong>The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper.</strong> <strong>Received: 25.08.2015. Revised 05.09.2015. Accepted: 12.09.2015.</strong> <strong>Dyskopatia kręgosłupa w odcinku lędźwiowym u 10 - letniego dziecka - opis przypadku</strong> <strong>Discopathy of the lumbar spine in a 10 - years old child - case study</strong> <strong>Kamila Woźniak<sup>1</sup>, Dorota Ratuszek-Sadowska<sup>2</sup>, Maciej Śniegocki<sup>1</sup></strong> <strong>1. </strong><strong>Klinika Neurochirurgii, Neurotraumatologii i Neurochirurgii Dziecięcej, Collegium Medicum im. Ludwika Rydygiera w Bydgoszczy, Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu, Polska</strong> <strong>Department of Neurosurgery, Neurotraumatology and Pediatric Neurosurgery Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Poland</strong> <strong>2. </strong><strong>Katedra i Klinika Rehabilitacji, Collegium Medicum im. Ludwika Rydygiera w Bydgoszczy, Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu, Polska</strong> <strong>2.</strong><strong>Chair and Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Poland</strong> <strong>Streszczenie</strong> Dyskopatia lędźwiowa stanowi niezwykle rzadki problem występujący u dzieci i młodzieży. W 1945 roku Wahren przedstawił pierwszy opis dotyczący dyskopatii kręgosłupa w odcinku lędźwiowo - krzyżowym u dziecka. Dyskopatia lędźwiowa w populacji pediatrycznej występuje niezmiernie rzadko, a jeszcze rzadziej wymaga interwencji operacyjnej. Powszechnie uważa się, że czynnikami predysponującymi do występowania dyskopatii w odcinku lędźwiowo - krzyżowym w populacji pediatrycznej są dyscypliny sportowe związane ze zwiększonym ryzykiem urazu lub nadmiernymi obciążeniami kręgosłupa, otyłość, wysoki wzrost, przebyty uraz okolicy lędźwiowo – krzyżowej. Dyskopatia u dzieci i młodzieży wykazuje pewne cechy charakterystyczne różniące ją od dorosłych. W literaturze światowej istnieje wiele prac dotyczących metod postępowania w leczeniu dyskopatii kręgosłupa w populacji pediatrycznej, ale nie ma jednoznacznych wytycznych dotyczących kwalifikacji chorych do leczenia operacyjnego. Autorzy przedstawiają opis przypadku klinicznego: 10 - letniego chłopca operowanego z powodu wypukliny jądra miażdżystego w przestrzeni L5/S1. Leczenie chirurgiczne dyskopatii kręgosłupa w odcinku lędźwiowo - krzyżowym u dzieci i młodzieży jest metodą, uzasadnioną tylko wtedy, gdy leczenie zachowawcze okaże się nieskuteczne. Z drugiej strony w przypadku ewidentnego braku efektywności leczenia zachowawczego, nie należy zbyt długo zwlekać z decyzją o podjęciu leczenia operacyjnego. W populacji pediatrycznej wybór metody leczenia i kwalifikacja do leczenia chirurgicznego musi wynikać każdorazowo z wnikliwej analizy każdego przypadku. <strong>Słowa kluczowe</strong>: dyskopatia, odcinek lędźwiowy kręgosłupa, przepuklina krążka międzykręgowego, populacja pediatryczna, fenestracja. <strong>Abstract</strong> Lumbar discopathy is a rare clinical problem for children and adolescents. The first description of lumbosacral discopathy was presented in 1945 by Wahren. Lumbar intervertebral discs problem in the pediatric population is extremely rare, and even more rarely requires surgical intervention. It is widely believed that the predisposing factors for the occurrence of disc herniation in the pediatric population are practicing some sports associated with an increased risk of injury or overloads of the spine, obesity, high growth, previous lumbosacral trauma. Intervertebral discs in children and adolescents exhibit certain characteristics that differ from the adults. In the world literature there are many papers about methods of treatment of spinal disc disease in the pediatric patients, but there are no clear guidelines for the selection of patients for surgery. The authors present clinical case: 10-year-old boy operated because of herniation nucleus pulposus at the L5 / S1 level. Taking into account the above facts, it is concluded that surgical treatment in children and adolescents is a method justified only when conservative treatment proves ineffective. On the other hand, dangerous for the patient is the long delay in making a decision about surgery in a situation of obvious inefficiencies conservative treatment, because especially in the pediatric population choice of treatment and classification for surgical treatment must result in each case with careful analysis of each case. <strong>Key words:</strong> discopathy, lumbar spine, intervertebral disc herniation, pediatric population, fenestration.
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"News from neurosurgery NRF chair of neurosurgery." Journal of Clinical Neuroscience 11, no. 4 (2004): 449–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jocn.2004.03.014.
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Waack, Andrew L., Jason L. Schroeder, and Alastair T. Hoyt. "Sanford Larson, MD, PhD: a pioneering neurosurgeon, scientist, and educator." Journal of Neurosurgery, October 1, 2023, 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2023.7.jns23256.
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Dr. Sanford Larson, MD, PhD (1929–2012), was an influential figure in spinal neurosurgery. Dr. Larson played a pivotal role in establishing neurosurgery’s foothold in spinal surgery by serving as the inaugural chair of the Joint Section on Disorders of the Spine and Peripheral Nerves and as a president of the Cervical Spine Research Society. He made many advances in spine care, most notably the modification and popularization of the lateral extracavitary approach to the thoracolumbar spine. Dr. Larson established the neurosurgery residency program at the Medical College of Wisconsin; he also instituted the program’s spine fellowship, the first in the United States for neurological surgeons. His mentorship produced numerous leaders in organized neurosurgery and neurosurgical education, including Edward Benzel, MD, Dennis Maiman, MD, PhD, Joseph Cheng, MD, Shekar Kurpad, MD, PhD, and Christopher Wolfla, MD. Dr. Larson was a prominent leader in spinal neurosurgery and his legacy carries on today through his contributions to research, education, and surgical technique.
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Weiss, Miriam, Rabia Dogan, Ulrike Eisenberg, et al. "Path to success: female leaders in German neurosurgery." Neurosurgical Review 46, no. 1 (2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10143-023-02163-5.
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AbstractDespite advances in gender equality, only 6% of German neurosurgical departments are currently led by women. With regard to their pioneering work and the importance of their role model effect, we aimed at reporting on the career pathways of the present and former female chairs of neurosurgical departments in Germany. We approached current and former female chairs in German neurosurgery and gathered descriptive information on their ways into leadership positions through structured interviews. Data were obtained from 16/22 (72.7%) female neurosurgical chairs, aged between 44 and 82 years. They completed their training within 6.5 ± 0.6 years, and it took them further 14.5 ± 5.9 years between training completion and chair acquisition. Having obtained their chair positions between 1993 and 2020, six (37.5%) of them have retired or changed career tracks. Of ten (62.5%) chairs still practicing, two are directors of university departments. Twelve (75.0%) hold professorships. Nine chairs (56.3%) are married, eight (50.0%) having children. Five chairs reported having experienced gender-based discrimination. Twelve had a male mentor or role model, two had a female role model, while only one had a female mentor. This study characterizes the to date small number of female neurosurgical chairs in Germany and their paths to neurosurgical leadership positions. In future, these should become historical in order to perceive the presence of women in leadership positions as self-evident normality, reflecting our society. However, further analyses comparing paths of both female and male neurosurgical chairs are necessary to explore gender-based differences in achieving neurosurgical leadership positions.
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Leblanc, Richard. "Wilder Penfield and Academic Neurosurgery in North America: 1934–1945." Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques, November 24, 2021, 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cjn.2021.498.
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ABSTRACT: Wilder Penfield was appointed as Chair of McGill University’s newly created Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery in 1930 and Director of the Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI) in 1933. The departmental structure allowed Penfield to develop his own research priorities, and the MNI’s clinics and laboratories allowed residents to train in neurosurgery and in basic science under one roof. This paper reviews the research performed by neurosurgical residents under Penfield’s direction from 1934 to 1945 and argues that their initiation to laboratory research contributed to the emergence of neuroscience following the Second World War.
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Bederson, Maria M., and Regis W. Haid. "Celebrating advocacy: a pioneer and role model." Journal of Neurosurgery, January 1, 2025, 1–6. https://doi.org/10.3171/2024.9.jns241229.
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Continued advancement of the neurological surgery specialty depends on health policy engagement aimed at advocating for and protecting neurosurgeons and their patients. Dr. Ann R. Stroink, born in Seattle, Washington, and former president of the American Association of Neurological Surgeons (2022–2023), is an exemplar pioneer and role model in neurosurgery and advocacy. She has held numerous significant leadership positions in grassroots and national efforts to improve neurosurgical care and compensation, including serving as chair of the American Association of Neurological Surgeons/Congress of Neurological Surgeons Washington Committee, the Neurosurgery Delegation to the American Medical Association, and the Council of State Neurosurgical Societies. This brief historical vignette highlights the qualities of a pioneer advocate in neurosurgery who rose to be a successful leader while overcoming the challenges of practicing in a rural setting and within a historically male-dominated profession. Dr. Stroink’s legacy serves as a beacon of inspiration, reminding us that through perseverance and advocacy we can pave the way for a brighter future in neurosurgery and beyond.
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Iwai, Yoshiko, Alice Yunzi L. Yu, Nikki C. Daniels, et al. "Racial, Ethnic, and Gender Diversity Among Academic Surgical Leaders in the US." JAMA Surgery, October 11, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamasurg.2023.4777.
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ImportanceSurgical department chairs remain conspicuously nondiverse despite the recognized importance of diverse physician workforces. However, the extent of diversity among non-chair leadership remains underexplored.ObjectiveTo evaluate racial, ethnic, and gender diversity of surgical department chairs, vice chairs (VCs), and division chiefs (DCs) in the US.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsFor this cross-sectional study, publicly accessible medical school and affiliated hospital websites in the US and Puerto Rico were searched from January 15 to July 15, 2022, to collect demographic and leadership data about surgical faculty. Two independent reviewers abstracted demographic data, with up to 2 additional reviewers assisting with coding resolution as necessary. In all, 2165 faculty were included in the analyses.Main Outcomes and MeasuresProportions of racial, ethnic, and gender diversity among chairs, VCs, and DCs in general surgery and 5 surgical specialties (neurosurgery, obstetrics and gynecology, ophthalmology, orthopedics, and otolaryngology).ResultsA total of 2165 faculty (1815 males [83.8%] and 350 females [16.2%]; 109 [5.0%] African American or Black individuals; 347 [16.0%] Asian individuals; 83 [3.8%] Hispanic, Latino, or individuals of Spanish origin; and 1624 [75.0%] White individuals as well as 2 individuals [0.1%] of other race or ethnicity) at 154 surgical departments affiliated with 146 medical schools in the US and Puerto Rico were included in the analysis. There were more males than females in leadership positions at all levels—chairs (85.9% vs 14.1%), VCs (68.4% vs 31.6%), and DCs (87.1% vs 12.9%)—and only 192 leaders (8.9%) were from racial or ethnic groups that are underrepresented in medicine (URiM). Females occupied more VC than chair or DC positions both overall (31.6% vs 14.1% and 12.9%, respectively) and within racial and ethnic groups (African American or Black females, 4.0% VC vs 1.5% chair and 0.6% DC positions; P &amp;lt; .001). URiM individuals were most commonly VCs of diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI, 51.6%) or faculty development (17.9%). Vice chairs of faculty development were split equally between males and females, while 64.5% of VCs for DEI were female. All other VCs were predominantly male. Among DC roles, URiM representation was greatest in transplant surgery (13.8%) and lowest in oral and maxillofacial surgery (5.0%). Except for breast and endocrine surgery (63.6% female), females comprised less than 20% of DC roles. Nearly half of DCs (6 of 13 [46.2%]) and VCs (4 of 9 [44.4%]) had no female URiM leaders, and notably, no American Indian, Alaska Native, or Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander individuals were identified in any surgical leadership positions.Conclusions and RelevanceWhile it is unclear whether promotion from VC to chair or from DC to chair is more likely, these findings of similar gender distribution between chairs and DCs suggest the latter and may partially explain persistent nondiversity among surgical chairs. Female and URiM surgical leaders are disproportionately clustered in roles (eg, VCs of DEI or faculty development) that may not translate into future promotion to department chairs.
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Boop, Frederick, and Nathan A. Shlobin. "Report of the WFNS Global Relations Committee." JOURNAL OF GLOBAL NEUROSURGERY 3, no. 1 (2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.51437/jgns.v3i1.43.
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Thank you for the opportunity to serve on this committee. It appears the WFNS has assembled an all-star cast of neurosurgeons interested in Global Neurosurgery. I am honored to serve as External Relations Lead. Listed below are a few examples of projects the group is working on that fit with your deliverables (specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, time-based). I look forward to learning of other initiatives from the group as we develop synergies moving forward.
 
 
 It was noted that both the WFNS and the ISPN have Education Committees who produce educational courses either virtually or in person in various LMICs several times per year. I have spoken to President Oyesiku and Kenon Arnautovic, the Chair of Chairs, suggesting that rather than having two parallel processes performing the same task, that we consolidate these committees and have the ISPN serve as the Pediatric Neurosurgery Education Committee for the WFNS hence forth. Typically, in the past, the Committee chairs have been ISPN members. Both Nelson and Kenon have voiced agreement to that arrangement. Since the ISPN is already an international society with 530 members from around the globe, this should be acceptable without the ISPN having to “join” the WFNS. The agreement was that if any course produced a financial profit, those monies would be divided equally between the WFNS and the ISPN. To date, the ISPN has underwritten the costs of plane tickets for the speakers at these meetings, although the courses have all been virtual since the COVID pandemic. The local hosts have covered the costs of hotel, meals, etc. once the speakers are on location. To date I am not aware of any of these courses that have generated a financial profit. Obviously, the marketing and presentations at these teaching courses would be co-branded.
 
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"Canadian Association of Neuropathologists Abstracts of papers and cases presented at the 40th Annual Meeting." Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques 27, no. 4 (2000): 347–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s031716710000113x.
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The 40th annual meeting of the Canadian Association of Neuropathologists was held from October 18 - 21st, 2000 at The Banff Centre in Banff, Alberta. Local arrangements were made by Drs. Bernadette Curry and Barry Rewcastle. The scientific session consisted of 15 platform presentations and 13 cases for diagnosis. The Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada speaker was Dr. James Rutka, Professor and Chair, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Toronto and The Hospital for Sick Children. His talk was entitled “New Insights into the Molecular Genetics and Pathology of Human Brain Tumors”. The Jerzy Olszewski lecturer was Dr. Voon Wee Yong, Associate Professor, AHFMR Senior Scholar and MRC Scientist, Departments of Oncology and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary. His talk was entitled “Complexities of Neuro-inflammation: Pathology and Regeneration”. The invited lecturer was Dr. Catherine Bergeron, Neuropathologist, Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto and Toronto Western Hospital. Her talk was entitled “The Many Faces of Human Prion Diseases”.
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Kolcun, John Paul G., Jacob M. Mazza, Kristen D. Pawlowski, et al. "The Evolving Role of Postgraduate Year 7 in Neurological Surgery Residency." Neurosurgery, September 14, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/neu.0000000000002685.
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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: In 2013, all neurosurgery programs were mandated to adopt a 7-year structure. We sought to characterize how programs use the seventh year of training (postgraduate year 7 [PGY7]). METHODS: We surveyed all accredited neurosurgery programs in the United States regarding the PGY7 residents' primary role and the availability of enfolded fellowships. We compiled responses from different individuals in each program: chair, program director, program coordinator, and current chiefs. RESULTS: Of 120 accredited neurological surgery residency programs within the United States, 91 (76%) submitted responses. At these programs, the primary roles of the PGY7 were chief of service (COS, 71%), enfolded fellowships (EFF, 18%), transition to practice (10%), and elective time (1%). Most residencies have been 7-year programs for >10 years (52, 57%). Sixty-seven programs stated that they offer some form of EFF (73.6%). The most common EFFs were endovascular (57, 62.6%), spine (49, 53.9%), critical care (41, 45.1%), and functional (37, 40.7%). These were also the most common specialties listed as Committee on Advanced Subspecialty Training accredited by survey respondents. Spine and endovascular EFFs were most likely to be restricted to PGY7 (24.2% and 23.1%, respectively), followed by neuro-oncology (12, 13.2%). The most common EFFs reported as Committee on Advanced Subspecialty Training accredited but not restricted to PGY7 were endovascular (24, 26.4%) and critical care (23, 25.3%). CONCLUSION: Most accredited neurological surgery training programs use the COS as the primary PGY7 role. Programs younger in their PGY7 structure seem to maintain the traditional COS role. Those more established seem to be experimenting with various roles the PGY7 year can fill, including enfolded fellowships and transition-to-practice years, predominantly. Most programs offer some form of enfolded fellowship. This serves as a basis for characterization of how neurological surgery training may develop in years to come.
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Litak, Jakub, Joanna Litak, Wojciech Czyżewski, and Paulina Miziak. "Glioblastoma multiforme - case presentation and literature review." September 16, 2019. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3415827.
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<strong>Litak Jakub, Litak Joanna, Czyżewski Wojciech, Miziak Paulina</strong><strong>. Glioblastoma multiforme - case presentation and literature review. </strong><strong>Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2019;9(9):4</strong><strong>86</strong><strong>-4</strong><strong>91</strong><strong>. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI</strong><strong> http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3415827</strong> <strong>http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/742</strong><strong>7</strong> <strong>The journal has had 5 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. § 8. 2) and § 12. 1. 2) 22.02.2019.</strong> <strong>© The Authors 2019;</strong> <strong>This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland</strong> <strong>Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author (s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed u</strong><strong>nder the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial license Share alike.</strong> <strong>(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.</strong> <strong>The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper.</strong> <strong>Received: 25.08.2019. Revised: 30.08.2019. Accepted: 14.09.2019.</strong> <strong>Glioblastoma multiforme - case presentation and literature review</strong> <strong>Jakub Litak[1], Joanna Litak [2], Wojciech Czyżewski [3], Paulina Miziak [4]</strong> [1]Department of Neurosurgery and Pediatric Neurosurgery SPSK-4 in Lublin. [2] St. John`s Cancer Center in Lublin. [3] Chair and Department of Anatomy , Medical University of Lublin. [4]Chair and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Medical University of Lublin. Glejak wielopstaciowy - przypadek kliniczny i analiza piśmiennictwa. [1] Klinika Neurochirurgii i Neurochirurgii Dziecięcej SPSK-4 w Lublinie. [2] Centrum Onkologii Ziemi Lubelskiej im. Św Jana z Dukli. [3] Katedra i Zakład Anatomii Prawidłowej Człowieka. [4] Katedra i Zakład Biochemii i Biologii Molekularnej Uniwersytetu Medycznego w Lublinie. Abstract Glioblastoma multiforme is a most common primary brain tumor with extreme malignancy index. Presented case of 75y.o. patient diagnosed with GBM underwent full treatment : surgery and adjuvant proton-therapy. Despite new therapy development, overall survival time of GBM patients is still unacceptable. Key words: GBM, Treatment, outcome.