Relevant bibliographies by topics / Chalcogen bond

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Book chapters

Academic literature on the topic 'Chalcogen bond'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 27 April 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Chalcogen bond"

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Liu, Na, Xiaoying Xie, and Qingzhong Li. "Chalcogen Bond Involving Zinc(II)/Cadmium(II) Carbonate and Its Enhancement by Spodium Bond." Molecules 26, no. 21 (October 26, 2021): 6443. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26216443.

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Carbonate MCO3 (M = Zn, Cd) can act as both Lewis acid and base to engage in a spodium bond with nitrogen-containing bases (HCN, NHCH2, and NH3) and a chalcogen bond with SeHX (X = F, Cl, OH, OCH3, NH2, and NHCH3), respectively. There is also a weak hydrogen bond in the chalcogen-bonded dyads. Both chalcogen and hydrogen bonds become stronger in the order of F > Cl > OH > OCH3 > NH2 > NHCH3. The chalcogen-bonded dyads are stabilized by a combination of electrostatic and charge transfer interactions. The interaction energy of chalcogen-bonded dyad is less than −10 kcal/mol at most cases. Furthermore, the chalcogen bond can be strengthened through coexistence with a spodium bond in N-base-MCO3-SeHX. The enhancement of chalcogen bond is primarily attributed to the charge transfer interaction. Additionally, the spodium bond is also enhanced by the chalcogen bond although the corresponding enhancing effect is small.
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MA, Ming-Zhe, Ruo-Chen CAO, Jiang-Bo WU, Jia-Yu XU, and Jiang BIAN. "Inorganic Reaction Mechanism of Chalcogen-Chalcogen Bond." University Chemistry 32, no. 10 (2017): 75–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3866/pku.dxhx201703017.

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Nascimento, Valter A., Petr Melnikov, André V. D. Lanoa, Anderson F. Silva, and Lourdes Z. Z. Consolo. "Structural Modeling of Glutathiones Containing Selenium and Tellurium." International Journal of Chemistry 8, no. 1 (January 21, 2016): 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijc.v8n1p102.

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<p>The comparative structural modeling of reduced and oxidized glutathiones, as well as their derivatives containing selenium and tellurium in chalcogen sites (Ch = Se, Te) has provided detailed information about the bond lengths and bond angles, filling the gap in the structural characteristics of these tri-peptides. The investigation using the molecular mechanics technique with good approximation confirmed the available information on X-ray refinements for the related compounds. It was shown that Ch-H and Ch-C bond lengths grow in parallel with the increasing chalcogen ionic radii. Although the distances C-C, C-O, and C-N are very similar, the geometry of GChChG glutathiones is rich in conformers owing to the possibility of rotation about the bridge Ch-Ch. It is confirmed that the distances Ch-Ch are essentially independent of substituents in most of chalcogen compounds from elemental chalcogens to oxydized glutathiones. The standard program Hyperchem 7.5 has proved to be an appropriate tool for the structural description of less-common bioactive compositions when direct X-ray data are missing.</p>
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Oilunkaniemi, Raija, Risto S. Laitinen, and Markku Ahlgrén. "The Solid State Conformation of Diaryl Ditellurides and Diselenides: The Crystal and Molecular Structures of (C4H3E2)2E'2 (E = O, S; E' = Te, Se)." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 55, no. 5 (May 1, 2000): 361–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-2000-0503.

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The crystal and molecular structures of dithienyl ditelluride (C4H3S)2Te2 (1), difuryl ditelluride (C4H3O)2Te2 (2), dithienyl diselenide (C4H3S)2Se2 (3), and difuryl diselenide (C4H3O)2Se2 (4) are reported in this paper and compared to those of other simple diaryl ditellurides and diselenides. The chalcogen-chajcogen bonds exhibit approximately single bond lengths [Te-Te = 2.7337(8) and 2.7240(4) Å in 1 and 2, respectively; Se-Se = 2.357(1) and 2.368(2) Å in 3 and 4, respectively], as do the chalcogen-carbon bond lengths [Te-C = 2.095(9) - 2.104(6) in 1 and 2.091(6) - 2.105(9) Å in 2; Se-C = 1.87(1) - 1.90(1) Å in 3 and 1.887(8) - 1.897(10) Å in 4]. The aromatic rings are disordered. The dihedral angles C-E-E-C range from 79(2) to 96(1)° are consistent with the concept of minimized p lone-pair repulsion of adjacent chalcogen atoms. The dependence of molecular parameters on the angle between the aromatic rings and the chalcogen-chalcogen bonds follow trends established previously for aromatic disulfides. Though the bond parameters and conformations of 1 - 4 are similar, the packing of the molecules is different. The two ditellurides 1 and 2 show short Te···Te contacts (3.900 - 4.002 Å in 1 and 4.060 - 4.172 Å in 2). The two diselenides 3 and 4 do not exhibit close chalcogen-chalcogen interactions. The NMR spectroscopic properties of 1 - 4 are discussed.
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Sharma, Karan Deep, Preetleen Kathuria, Stacey D. Wetmore, and Purshotam Sharma. "Can modified DNA base pairs with chalcogen bonding expand the genetic alphabet? A combined quantum chemical and molecular dynamics simulation study." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 22, no. 41 (2020): 23754–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0cp04921b.

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A comprehesive computational study is presented with the goal to design and analyze model chalcogen-bonded modified nucleobase pairs that replace one or two Watson–Crick hydrogen bonds of the canonical A:T or G:C pair with chalcogen bond(s).
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Wang, Weizhou, Baoming Ji, and Yu Zhang. "Chalcogen Bond: A Sister Noncovalent Bond to Halogen Bond." Journal of Physical Chemistry A 113, no. 28 (July 16, 2009): 8132–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp904128b.

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von Grotthuss, Esther, Felix Nawa, Michael Bolte, Hans-Wolfram Lerner, and Matthias Wagner. "Chalcogen–chalcogen-bond activation by an ambiphilic, doubly reduced organoborane." Tetrahedron 75, no. 1 (January 2019): 26–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tet.2018.11.012.

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Ranu, Brindaban C., Tubai Ghosh, and Laksmikanta Adak. "Recent Progress on Carbon-chalcogen Bond Formation Reaction Under Microwave Irradiation." Current Microwave Chemistry 7, no. 1 (June 23, 2020): 40–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2213335607666200214130544.

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The carbon-chalcogen bond formation is of much importance as organochalcogenides scaffold, and in general, it shows by organochalcogenide scaffolds, in general, show promising biological activities and many compounds containing chalcogenide units are currently used as drugs, agrochemicals and useful materials. Thus, a plethora of methods has been developed for the formation of carbonchalcogen bonds. This review covers the recent developments on the formation of carbon-chalcogen bonds under microwave irradiation and synthesis of useful chalcogenides by employing this process.
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Smiles, Danil E., Guang Wu, and Trevor W. Hayton. "Reactivity of [U(CH2SiMe2NSiMe3)(NR2)2] (R = SiMe3) with elemental chalcogens: towards a better understanding of chalcogen atom transfer in the actinides." New Journal of Chemistry 39, no. 10 (2015): 7563–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5nj00739a.

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Addition of elemental chalcogens to [U(CH2SiMe2NSiMe3)(NR2)2] results in formation of [U(ECH2SiMe2NSiMe3)(NR2)2] (R = SiMe3; E = S, Se, Te) via chalcogen insertion into the U–C bond.
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Kaźmierczak, Michał, and Andrzej Katrusiak. "The shortest chalcogen...halogen contacts in molecular crystals." Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Science, Crystal Engineering and Materials 75, no. 5 (September 19, 2019): 865–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2052520619011004.

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The survey of the shortest contacts in structures deposited in the Cambridge Structural Database shows that chalcogen...halogen, halogen...halogen and chalcogen...chalcogen interactions can compete as cohesion forces in molecular crystals. The smallest parameter δ (defined as the interatomic distance minus the sum of relevant van der Waals radii) for Ch...X contacts between chalcogens (Ch: S, Se) and halogens (X: F, Cl, Br, I) is present only in 0.86% out of 30 766 deposited structures containing these atoms. Thus, in less than 1% of these structures can the Ch...X forces be considered as the main type of cohesion forces responsible for the molecular arrangement. Among the 263 structures with the shortest Ch...X contact, there are four crystals where no contacts shorter than the sums of van der Waals radii are present (so-called loose crystals). The smallest δ criterion has been used for distinguishing between the bonding (covalent bond) and non-bonding contacts and for validating the structural models of crystals.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Chalcogen bond"

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Gravelle, Philip W. (Philip Wyn). "Part 1. Investigation of Aluminum Amino Acid Complexes; Part 2. Structural Studies of Aluminum Chalcogen Bonds." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1996. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc277846/.

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Five different complexes of aluminum and amino acids have been synthesized and characterized. Reaction between aluminum halides and amino acids that do not contain either a carboxylate or a hydroxy group in the side chain produce complexes of the general formula, [Al(amino acid)_n(halide)_3-n]_m. The most prevalent form of this form of complex is where n = 2, and an example of this in which the halide is replaced by hydroxide ligand has been structurally characterized. The complex for which n = 3 may be obtained by employing a large excess of acid, and that for which n = 1 may be obtained by employing either equimolar conditions or an excess of aluminum halide. Reactions of aluminum halides with amino acids that contain either a carboxylate or hydroxy-containing side chain may result in complexes in which the side-chain is also bound. These proved impossible to characterize fully in the case of aspartic acid. For serine, however, a complex in which the amino acid binds in a chelating fashion through both the carboxylate and hydroxy groups was isolated. It was possible to form complexes when utilizing aluminum alkyls as the metal source. However, these complexes could only be isolated when the reactivity of the species was controlled by the presence of bulky groups. In these cases, the monomeric R_2Al(amino acid) complexes were obtained. Four complexes that contain aluminum-chalcogen bonds were structurally characterized. These included the bulky alkoxide complexes (BHT)_2AIH(OEt_2), (BHT)_3Al(cyclohexanone), and the cubane [(t-amyl)AlS]_4.
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Knight, Fergus Ross. "Synthesis and structural studies of group 16 peri-substituted naphthalenes and related compounds." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/962.

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Understanding how atoms interact is a fundamental aspect of chemistry, biology and materials science. There have been great advances in the knowledge of covalent and ionic bonding over the past twenty years but one of the major challenges for chemistry is to develop full understanding of weak interatomic/intermolecular forces. This thesis describes fundamental studies that develop the basic understanding of weak interactions between heavier polarisable elements. The chosen methodology is to constrain heavy atoms using a rigid naphthalene backbone. When substituents larger than hydrogen, are positioned at close proximity at the peri-positions of a naphthalene molecule they experience steric strain; the extent of which is dictated by intramolecular interactions. These interactions can be repulsive due to steric hindrance or attractive due to weak or strong bonding. In efforts to understand the factors which influence distortion in sterically crowded naphthalenes and study possible weak intramolecular interactions between peri-atoms, investigations focussed on previously unknown mixed 1,8-disubstituted naphthalene systems. Mixed phosphorus-chalcogenide species were initially studied; three mixed phosphine compounds of the type Nap[ER][PPh2] were prepared along with their chalcogenides and a series of metal complexes. The study of interactions between heavy atoms was progressed by investigations into a series of mixed chalcogenide compounds of the type Nap[EPh][E’Ph] (E = S, Se, Te). Subsequent reaction of the chalcogenide systems with the di-halogens, dibromine and diiodine, afforded a mixture of charge transfer and insertion adducts displaying an array of different geometries around the chalcogen atom. From molecular structural studies, a collection of intramolecular peri-interactions were found, extending from no interaction due to repulsive effects, weak attractive 3c-4e type interactions and one example containing a strong covalent peri-bond. Further weak intramolecular interactions observed include CH-π and E•••E’ type interactions plus π-π stacking between adjacent phenyl rings. It was discovered that the bulk of the peri-atoms is influential on the distance between them, but this is not the only factor determining the naphthalene geometry. Inter- and intramolecular interactions can also have an impact and furthermore the number, size and electronic properties of substituents attached to the peri-atoms can determine molecular distortion.
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Fernandes, Natalie Aparecida Rodrigues. "Efeito de uma nova Chalcona sobre a reabsorção óssea inflamatória : estudo in vitro e in vivo /." Araraquara, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/192321.

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Orientador: Morgana Rodrigues Guimarães Stabili
Resumo: As chalconas são um grupo de compostos fenólicos derivados de plantas, com diversas propriedades biológicas. Em função dos seus efeitos farmacológicos, diferentes derivados chalcônicos sintéticos, baseados em seus análogos naturais, têm sido investigados como agentes terapêuticos. Estudos clínicos e pré-clínicos têm demonstrado sua efetividade no tratamento de doenças inflamatórias como câncer e artrite, e em patologias ósseas como osteoporose e tumores ósseos. Considerando suas propriedades biológicas e com objetivo de identificar compostos que possam atuar no tratamento de doenças ósseo inflamatórias, avaliamos a habilidade de um novo composto chalcônico, a Chalcona T4, de suprimir a inflamação e osteoclastogênese em um modelo de doença periodontal. No estudo in vivo, um ensaio de toxicidade em camundongos demonstrou que a administração de diferentes doses da chalcona T4 (5, 50, 100 e 200 mg/kg) por um período de 15 dias, via intragástrica, diariamente, não causou alterações físicas ou comportamentais. Análise histopatológica do rim, fígado e estômago destes animais também indicaram ausência de toxicidade em todas as doses avaliadas. Determinada a ausência de toxicidade, periodontite foi experimentalmente induzida em ratos pela colocação de ligaduras ao redor dos primeiros molares inferiores. Chalcona T4 foi administrada diariamente por gavagem intragástrica em duas doses (5 e 50 mg/kg) durante 15 dias. Ao final do período experimental, as amostras contendo tecido gengival ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Mestre
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Lutyńska, Aneta. "Wybrane efekty towarzyszące słabym oddziaływaniom w układach dwu- i trójciałowych." Phd diss., 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11089/31247.

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A chemical bond is formed when forces acting between atoms or groups of atoms form a permanent connection. Recently, the issue of noncovalent interactions has attracted the attention of many researchers. Noncovalent interactions occur between the fragment of the electron acceptor (Lewis acid) and the fragment of the electron donor (Lewis base), playing an important role, among others, in living organisms. Intermolecular interactions are increasingly discussed in many scientific publications. Recently, the most-discussed among noncovalent interactions are hydrogen bonds, next to which the number of works describing halogen or chalcogen bond increases. These interactions are significant in the processes that occur in living organisms, which is why they have also become the main subject of this doctoral dissertation. The main purpose of the work was the analysis of energy parameters, as well as the most important topological parameters at the bond critical points (BCP), which gave the opportunity to compare the strength of interactions and showed the effect of mutual interaction (cooperativity/anticooperativity effect). The many-body interaction approach was used in order to estimate the energy of individual bonds in the complex and the nonadditive contribution to total interaction energy. In this work, the quantum-chemical calculations were performed for seria of representative model systems. In the first step of the analysis the geometries of the investigated systems have been optimized using the Gaussian 09 program. The next step was the topological analysis of the electron density using the Quantum Theory of „Atoms in molecules" by Richard Bader (QTAIM). In addition, the supermolecular method was used to determine the energy of intermolecular interactions, in which the obtained energies are with the correction for basis set superposition error, BSSE. The first section discusses the analysis of halogen bonds supported by double charge, in particular their impact on the parameters of the investigated systems, including charge transfer (CT) and two-center delocation index δ (A, B). Quinuclidine is an organic compound from the group of bicyclic heterocyclic compounds. This compound consists of the bicyclo[2.2.2]octane moiety, wherein one of the carbon node is nitrogen. For comparison, model systems consisting of bicyclo[2.2.2]octane moiety and its unsaturated analogue were analyzed. The second section concerned model systems in which the dual role of a halogen atom, acting as an electron acceptor and donor, can be observed. The many-body interaction approach was used to analyze interactions between hydrogen and halogen bonds in complexes. In the third section, the main goal of study was to confirm the dual role of the sulfur atom, acting as the electron donor and the electron acceptor, simultaneously. Model systems that are fragments of larger counterparts found in Crystallographic Database were selected for studies in such a way that the resulting complexes (dimers and trimers) were stabilized by various types of noncovalent interactions, that is, the hydrogen bonds, halogen bonds and chalcogen bonds.
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Pavan, S. "Unravelling the Nature of Halogen and Chalcogen Intermolecular Interactions by Charge Density Analysis." Thesis, 2015. http://etd.iisc.ernet.in/2005/3868.

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The thesis entitled “Unravelling the Nature of Halogen and Chalcogen Intermolecular Interactions by Charge Density Analysis" consists of five chapters. A basic introductory section describes the topics relevant to the work and the methods and techniques utilized. The main focus of the present work is to characterize the interaction patterns devoid of strong classical hydrogen bonds. The case studies include halogen bonds and hydrogen bonds involving bromine (as a halogen bond donor and hydrogen bond acceptor), intermolecular chalcogen bond formation involving sulphur, type I Br Br contacts, type II F F and F S interactions and S-H S hydrogen bonds. Chapter 1 discusses experimental and theoretical charge density analyses on 2,2-dibromo-2,3-dihydroinden-1-one which has been carried out to quantify the topological features of a short C Br···O halogen bond with nearly linear geometry (2.922Å, C Br···O=172.7) and to assess the strength of the interactions using the topological features of the electron density. The electrostatic potential map indicates the presence of the “- hole” on bromine while the interaction energy is comparable to that of a moderate O-H O hydrogen bond. In addition, the energetic contribution of C-H···Br interaction is demonstrated to be on par with that of the C-Br···O halogen bond in stabilizing the crystal structure. Chapter 2 discusses an organic solid, 4,7-dibromo-5,6-dinitro-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole that has been designed to serve as an illustrative example to quantitatively evaluate the relative merits of halogen and chalcogen bonding in terms of charge density features. The compound displays two polymorphic modifications, one crystall zing in a non-centrosymmetric space group (Z =1) and the other in a centrosymmetric space group with two molecules in the asymmetric unit (=2). Topological analysis based on QTAIM clearly brings out the dominance of chalcogen bond over the halogen bond along with an indication that halogen bonds are more directional compared to chalcogen bonds. The cohesive energies calculated with the absence of both strong and weak hydrogen bonds as well as stacking interaction are indicative of the stabilities associated with the polymorphic forms. Chapter 3 discusses the role of a type I C-Br Br-C contact and what drives the contact i.e. how a dispersive interaction is stabilized by the remaining contacts in the structure. In the process we observe the role the Br2Cl motif which is quite unique in its nature. Also the role of the bromine atoms in stabilizing the stacking interactions has been shown by the electrostatic potentials which are oriented perpendicular to the plane of the benzene ring. Chapter 4 discusses the enigmatic type II C-F F-C and C-FS-C interactions in pentafluorophenyl 2,2- bithiazole. Both the interactions are shown to be realistic “-hole” interactions based on high resolution X-ray charge density analysis. As fluorine is the most electronegative element, its participation in halogen bonding wherein the electrostatic potential around the atom gets redistributed to form regions of electron depletion and accumulation had time and again been speculated but never observed. In this chapter the experimental charge dnsity analysis clearly identifies the “-hole” on fluorine and distinguishes the C-F S-C interaction as a halogen bond rather than the chalcogen bond. Chapter 5 discusses the experimental charge density analysis of the hitherto unexplored S-H S hydrogen bond in crystal structures. The work highlights how relatively small is the number of crystal structures which are constructed by the S-H S hydrogen bond compared to the X-H S hydrogen bond via Cambridge Structural Database (CSD) analysis. The potential S-H S hydrogen bond is studied in three isomeric mercaptobenzoic acids with experimental charge density collected on 2-mercaptobenzoic acid and theoretical estimates made on 3- and 4-mercaptobenzoic acid. The strength and directionality of the S-H S hydrogen bond is demonstrated to be mainly due to the conformation locking potential of intramolecular S O halogen bond.
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Tsai, Fu-Yu, and 蔡福裕. "The Synthesis of Chalcogenolatoallyl Species via Carbon- Chalcogen Bond Forming in η3-Allenyl/Propargyl Complexes and Reaction Mechanism of Nucleophilic Addition to the Metal- Allenyl Complexes." Thesis, 1996. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/34907255052231918350.

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Kříž, Kristian. "Neklasické nekovalentní interakce v proteinech a jejich význam pro návrh nových specifických inhibitorů virových enzymů." Master's thesis, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-351427.

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Noncovalent interactions are vital for functioning of biological systems. For instance, they facilitate DNA base pairing or protein folding. Recently, in addition to classical noncovalent interactions such as hydrogen bond, nonclassical noncovalent interactions have been discovered. An example of these interactions is halogen bond belonging to the class of σ-hole interactions, the knowledge of which is already being useful for medical compound design. The aim of this work is to find out if the chalcogen bond, also a σ-hole interaction, plays a role in the binding of existing viral inhibitors, too. Following that, we are also interested whether or to what extent can these existing chalcogen bonds be optimized for a greater affinity of the inhibitor binding. Several protein-ligand crystal structures exhibiting geometrical properties favoring a chalcogen bond have been found in the PDB database. We examined the interaction energies and the interaction energy geometrical dependencies of model systems derived from these crystal structures by means of quantum chemical calculations. Further we have optimized their strength by a series of substitutions. We thus propose that chalcogen bond can become a player in rational design of inhibitors of viral enzymes and their protein target. Keywords: Noncovalent...
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Book chapters on the topic "Chalcogen bond"

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Lenardão, Eder João, Claudio Santi, and Luca Sancineto. "Nonbonded Interaction: The Chalcogen Bond." In New Frontiers in Organoselenium Compounds, 157–83. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-92405-2_4.

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Bochkarev, M. N., L. N. Zakharov, and G. S. Kalinina. "The compounds with a lanthanoid-chalcogen bond." In Topics in f-Element Chemistry, 424–35. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0361-9_10.

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Antoinette Ann Delgado, Alexis, Alan Humason, and Elfi Kraka. "Pancake Bonding Seen through the Eyes of Spectroscopy." In Density Functional Theory - Recent Advances, New Perspectives and Applications [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.99747.

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From local mode stretching force constants and topological electron density analysis, computed at either the UM06/6-311G(d,p), UM06/SDD, or UM05-2X/6–31++G(d,p) level of theory, we elucidate on the nature/strength of the parallel π-stacking interactions (i.e. pancake bonding) of the 1,2-dithia-3,5-diazolyl dimer, 1,2-diselena-3,5-diazolyl dimer, 1,2-tellura-3,5-diazolyl dimer, phenalenyl dimer, 2,5,8-tri-methylphenalenyl dimer, and the 2,5,8-tri-t-butylphenalenyl dimer. We use local mode stretching force constants to derive an aromaticity delocalization index (AI) for the phenalenyl-based dimers and their monomers as to determine the effect of substitution and dimerization on aromaticity, as well as determining what bond property governs alterations in aromaticity. Our results reveal the strength of the C⋯C contacts and of the rings of the di-chalcodiazoyl dimers investigated decrease in parallel with decreasing chalcogen⋯chalcogen bond strength. Energy density values Hb suggest the S⋯S and Se⋯Se pancake bonds of 1,2-dithia-3,5-diazolyl dimer and the 1,2-diselena-3,5-diazolyl dimer are covalent in nature. We observe the pancake bonds, of all phenalenyl-based dimers investigated, to be electrostatic in nature. In contrast to their monomer counterparts, phenalenyl-based dimers increase in aromaticity primarily due to CC bond strengthening. For phenalenyl-based dimers we observed that the addition of bulky substituents steadily decreased the system aromaticity predominately due to CC bond weakening.
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Nógrádi, M. "By Formation of One O—C Bond and Two C—C Bonds." In Six-Membered Hetarenes with One Chalcogen, 1. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/sos-sd-014-00160.

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Rudorf, W. D. "By Formation of Two S—C Bonds and One C—C Bond." In Six-Membered Hetarenes with One Chalcogen, 1. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/sos-sd-014-00765.

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Balaban, T. S., and A. T. Balaban. "By Formation of One O—C Bond." In Six-Membered Hetarenes with One Chalcogen, 1. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/sos-sd-014-00039.

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Nógrádi, M. "By Formation of One Heteroatom—Carbon Bond." In Six-Membered Hetarenes with One Chalcogen, 1. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/sos-sd-014-00135.

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Nógrádi, M. "By Formation of One C—C Bond." In Six-Membered Hetarenes with One Chalcogen, 1. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/sos-sd-014-00151.

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Afarinkia, K., and V. Vinader. "By Formation of One C—C Bond." In Six-Membered Hetarenes with One Chalcogen, 1. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/sos-sd-014-00210.

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Afarinkia, K., and V. Vinader. "By Formation of One O—C Bond." In Six-Membered Hetarenes with One Chalcogen, 1. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/sos-sd-014-00263.

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