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Journal articles on the topic 'Chalcogen elements'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Chiou, Kuen Y., and Oliver K. Manuel. "Chalcogen elements in snow: relation to emission source." Environmental Science & Technology 22, no. 4 (April 1988): 453–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es00169a014.

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2

Zhu, Yongfu, Yaru Wang, Jian Zhang, Chunhe Li, Zhengtong Ji, and Guojun Liu. "Effect of small amounts of chalcogen alloying elements on the oxidation resistance of copper." Corrosion Reviews 38, no. 6 (November 18, 2020): 529–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/corrrev-2020-0040.

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AbstractThe effect of small amounts of chalcogen alloying elements (S, Se and Te) on the oxidation resistance (OR) of Cu has been investigated at 300–800 °C in 0.1 MPa oxygen atmospheres. Compared to pure copper, the addition of S, Se and Te could effectively improve the OR below 600 °C mainly owing to the chalcogen-element inclusions which hinder the diffusion of Cu. However, it becomes weak above 800 °C. In contrast, the failure at 800 °C is associated with the absence of those inclusions. The results are discussed in detail by the thermodynamic methods.

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3

Münzenberg, Jörg, Herbert W. Roesky, and Már Björgvinsson. "Chalcogen-Nitrogen Compounds of the Heavier Group 16 Elements." Phosphorus, Sulfur, and Silicon and the Related Elements 67, no. 1-4 (April 1, 1992): 39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10426509208045817.

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4

Chakrahari, Kiran Kumarvarma, Arunabha Thakur, Bijan Mondal, V. Ramkumar, and Sundargopal Ghosh. "Hypoelectronic Dimetallaheteroboranes of Group 6 Transition Metals Containing Heavier Chalcogen Elements." Inorganic Chemistry 52, no. 14 (July 2, 2013): 7923–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ic400432v.

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5

MUENZENBERG, J., H. W. ROESKY, and M. BJOERGVINSSON. "ChemInform Abstract: Chalcogen-Nitrogen Compounds of the Heavier Group 16 Elements." ChemInform 23, no. 28 (August 21, 2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199228314.

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6

Yu, Jin-Tao, Huan Guo, Yuanqiuqiang Yi, Haiyang Fei, and Yan Jiang. "The Chan-Lam Reaction of Chalcogen Elements Leading to Aryl Chalcogenides." Advanced Synthesis & Catalysis 356, no. 4 (February 7, 2014): 749–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adsc.201300853.

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7

Fujimori, Toshihiko. "Carbon nanotube-template synthesis of artificial one-dimensional conductors using chalcogen elements." TANSO 2016, no. 273 (2016): 89–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.7209/tanso.2016.89.

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8

Fujimori, Toshihiko. "Carbon nanotube-template synthesis of artificial one-dimensional conductors using chalcogen elements." Carbon 107 (October 2016): 933. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2016.06.088.

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9

Kadlag, Yogita, and Harry Becker. "Fractionation of highly siderophile and chalcogen elements in components of EH3 chondrites." Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 161 (July 2015): 166–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2015.04.022.

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10

Xue, Duomei, Di Wu, Zeren Chen, Ying Li, WeiMing Sun, Jingyao Liu, and Zhiru Li. "On Close Parallels between the Zintl-Based Superatom Ge9Be and Chalcogen Elements." Inorganic Chemistry 60, no. 5 (February 16, 2021): 3196–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c03531.

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11

Boolchand, P. "Nuclear Quadrupole Interactions as a Probe of Glass Molecular Structure." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 51, no. 5-6 (June 1, 1996): 572–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-1996-5-636.

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Abstract125Te absorption and 129I emission Mössbauer spectroscopies have proved to be the methods of choice to probe chalcogen chemical order in condensed matter using nuclear quadrupole interactions. In chalcogenide glasses, the technique has been unusually rewarding in decoding both the elements of local atomic structures and those of the medium-range atomic structures.

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12

Yu, Jin-Tao, Huan Guo, Yuanqiuqiang Yi, Haiyang Fei, and Yan Jiang. "ChemInform Abstract: The Chan-Lam Reaction of Chalcogen Elements Leading to Aryl Chalcogenides." ChemInform 45, no. 33 (July 28, 2014): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.201433097.

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13

FUJIHARA, Hisashi, and Naomichi FURUKAWA. "Chemistry of Dications as a Novel Unusual Valency of Chalcogen Elements(S,Se,Te)." Journal of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Japan 49, no. 7 (1991): 636–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.49.636.

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14

Taniguchi, Nobukazu. "Diarylation of chalcogen elements using arylboronic acids via copper- or palladium-catalyzed oxidative coupling." Tetrahedron 72, no. 38 (September 2016): 5818–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tet.2016.08.012.

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15

Taylor, P. Craig. "Chalcogenide Glasses." MRS Bulletin 12, no. 5 (August 1987): 36–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s088376940006749x.

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Although there are some significant exceptions, most important glass-forming systems contain elements from the sixth, or chalcogenide, column of the periodic table (oxygen, sulfur, selenium, or tellurium). The glasses which contain oxygen are typically insulators, while those which contain the heavier chalcogen elements are usually semiconductors. Even though oxygen is technically a chalcogen element, the term “chalcogenide glass” is commonly used to denote those largely covalent, semiconducting glasses which contain sulfur, selenium, or tellurium as one of the constituents.The chalcogenide glasses are called semiconducting glasses because of their electrical properties. The electrical conductivity in these glasses depends exponentially on the temperature with an activation energy which is approximately one half of the optical gap. In this sense these glasses exhibit electrical properties similar to those in intrinsic crystalline semiconductors. The analogy is by no means perfect. The mobilities for the charge carriers in these glasses are very low (< 10 cm2/V-s) compared to crystalline semiconductors, and there are even discrepancies in determining the sign of the charge carriers from measurements of the Hall effect and the Seebeck effect.The first detailed studies of the chalcogenide glasses were performed about 30 years ago. For many years the prototype compositions have been selenium (Se), arsenic triselenide (As2Se3) or arsenic trisulfide (As2S3), and germanium diselenide (GeSe2) or germanium disulfide (GeS2).

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16

Arnér, Elias S. J. "Common modifications of selenocysteine in selenoproteins." Essays in Biochemistry 64, no. 1 (December 23, 2019): 45–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/ebc20190051.

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Abstract Selenocysteine (Sec), the sulfur-to-selenium substituted variant of cysteine (Cys), is the defining entity of selenoproteins. These are naturally expressed in many diverse organisms and constitute a unique class of proteins. As a result of the physicochemical characteristics of selenium when compared with sulfur, Sec is typically more reactive than Cys while participating in similar reactions, and there are also some qualitative differences in the reactivities between the two amino acids. This minireview discusses the types of modifications of Sec in selenoproteins that have thus far been experimentally validated. These modifications include direct covalent binding through the Se atom of Sec to other chalcogen atoms (S, O and Se) as present in redox active molecular motifs, derivatization of Sec via the direct covalent binding to non-chalcogen elements (Ni, Mb, N, Au and C), and the loss of Se from Sec resulting in formation of dehydroalanine. To understand the nature of these Sec modifications is crucial for an understanding of selenoprotein reactivities in biological, physiological and pathophysiological contexts.

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17

Taniguchi, Nobukazu. "Copper-catalyzed chalcogenation of aryl iodides via reduction of chalcogen elements by aluminum or magnesium." Tetrahedron 68, no. 51 (December 2012): 10510–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tet.2012.09.019.

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18

CLIFFE, I. A. "ChemInform Abstract: Functions Containing an Iminocarbonyl Group and any Elements other than a Halogen or Chalcogen." ChemInform 27, no. 35 (August 5, 2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199635285.

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19

FUJIHARA, H., and N. FURUKAWA. "ChemInform Abstract: Chemistry of Dications as a Novel Unusual Valency of Chalcogen Elements (S, Se, Te)." ChemInform 23, no. 1 (August 22, 2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199201347.

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20

Frontera, Antonio. "Noble Gas Bonding Interactions Involving Xenon Oxides and Fluorides." Molecules 25, no. 15 (July 28, 2020): 3419. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25153419.

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Noble gas (or aerogen) bond (NgB) can be outlined as the attractive interaction between an electron-rich atom or group of atoms and any element of Group-18 acting as an electron acceptor. The IUPAC already recommended systematic nomenclature for the interactions of groups 17 and 16 (halogen and chalcogen bonds, respectively). Investigations dealing with noncovalent interactions involving main group elements (acting as Lewis acids) have rapidly grown in recent years. They are becoming acting players in essential fields such as crystal engineering, supramolecular chemistry, and catalysis. For obvious reasons, the works devoted to the study of noncovalent Ng-bonding interactions are significantly less abundant than halogen, chalcogen, pnictogen, and tetrel bonding. Nevertheless, in this short review, relevant theoretical and experimental investigations on noncovalent interactions involving Xenon are emphasized. Several theoretical works have described the physical nature of NgB and their interplay with other noncovalent interactions, which are discussed herein. Moreover, exploring the Cambridge Structural Database (CSD) and Inorganic Crystal Structure Database (ICSD), it is demonstrated that NgB interactions are crucial in governing the X-ray packing of xenon derivatives. Concretely, special attention is given to xenon fluorides and xenon oxides, since they exhibit a strong tendency to establish NgBs.

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21

Basri, Katrul Nadia, Noriza Ahmad Zabidi, Hasan Abu Kassim, and Ahmad Nazrul Rosli. "Density Functional Theory (DFT) Calculation of Band Structure of Kesterite." Advanced Materials Research 1107 (June 2015): 491–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1107.491.

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The kesterite, Cu2ZnSnS4has a big potential as a future solar material in replacing current material. Although the kesterite and copper indium gallium selenide, CIGS has almost same structure but the constituent elements of kesterite are earth-abundance, cheaper and non-toxic. The chalcogen elements existed inside the kesterite compound are selenium and sulphur, Cu2ZnSnSe4/ Cu2ZnSnS4. Therefore, the structural flexibility of kesterite opens up an avenue to develop light-absorber material with suitable properties and applications. The density functional theory (DFT) has been used to calculate the total energy of Kesterite developed from Material Studio - CASTEP. The general gradient approximation (GGA) has been choosing to treat the exchange-correlation. The structure of kesterite has been developed by determining its space group, I4 and Pc and its coordination of each atom. The previous calculated shown that the energy of its band gap is around 1.0-1.5 eV.

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22

Brammer, Lee. "Halogen bonding, chalcogen bonding, pnictogen bonding, tetrel bonding: origins, current status and discussion." Faraday Discuss. 203 (2017): 485–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7fd00199a.

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The role of the closing lecture in a Faraday Discussion is to summarise the contributions made to the Discussion over the course of the meeting and in so doing capture the main themes that have arisen. This article is based upon my Closing Remarks Lecture at the 203^rdFaraday Discussion meeting on Halogen Bonding in Supramolecular and Solid State Chemistry, held in Ottawa, Canada, on 10–12^thJuly, 2017. The Discussion included papers on fundamentals and applications of halogen bonding in the solid state and solution phase. Analogous interactions involving main group elements outside group 17 were also examined. In the closing lecture and in this article these contributions have been grouped into the four themes: (a) fundamentals, (b) beyond the halogen bond, (c) characterisation, and (d) applications. The lecture and paper also include a short reflection on past work that has a bearing on the Discussion.

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23

Shpenik, O., A. Zavilopulo, E. Remeta, S. Demes, and M. Erdevdy. "Inelastic Processes of Electron Interaction with Chalcogens in the Gaseous Phase (a Review)." Ukrainian Journal of Physics 65, no. 7 (July 15, 2020): 557. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/ujpe65.7.557.

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Complex research of elementary pair collision processes occurring when low-energy (0–70 eV) electrons pass through chalcogen (S, Se, Te) vapor has been carried out in the evaporation temperature intervals of those elements (T = 320÷700 K for sulfur, 420÷490 K for selenium, and 400÷600 K for tellurium). The vapor compositions of indicated elements are studied using the mass spectroscopy method. The radiation spectra are analyzed in the wavelength interval from 200 to 600 nm with the help of optical spectroscopy. Using highly monoenergetic electron beams, the total (integral) formation cross-sections for positive and negative S, Se, and Te ions are measured. It is found that, under the experimental conditions, the main components of chalcogen vapor are molecules containing 2 to 8 atoms. At the energies of bombarding electrons below 10 eV, the emission spectra mainly consist of bands of diatomic molecules, and, at higher energies (E > 15 eV), there appear separate atomic and ionic lines. At E = 50 eV, the lines of singly charged ions are the most intense ones. It is shown that the most effective reaction channel is the interaction of electrons with diatomic molecules of indicated elements, whereas other processes are mainly associated with the decay of polyatomic molecules. The excitation and ionization thresholds for interaction products are found by analyzing the energy dependences of process characteristics. Specific features are also observed in the energy dependences of the excitation and ionization functions. Doubly charged ions of diatomic sulfur molecules, as well as selenium and tellurium atoms, are revealed for the first time. The appearance of triply charged ions of diatomic sulfur molecules is also detected. The main contribution to the total (integral) effective ionization cross-section of both positive and negative ions is proved to be made by the interaction processes of electrons with diatomic molecules S2, Se2, and Te2. Besides the experimental research, a detailed theoretical study is carried out. Calculations with a theoretical analysis of their results are performed for the structural characteristics of homoatomic sulfur, Sn, selenium, Sen, and tellurium, Ten, molecules with n = 2÷8; namely, interatomic distances, ionization potentials, electron affinity energies, and dissociation energies. The energy characteristics are applied to calculate the appearance energies for singly and doubly charged ionic fragments of those molecules at the dissociative ionization. The obtained results are carefully compared with the available experimental and theoretical data.

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24

Shao, Xiangfeng, and Dongxu Li. "Chemistry of Hetera-buckybowl Trichalcogenasumanenes." Synlett 31, no. 11 (April 2, 2020): 1050–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1690867.

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Buckybowls attract significant attention in chemistry and materials science owing to their unique features related to both geometric and electronic aspects. Doping the π-skeleton of buckybowls with the main group elements results in hetera-buckybowls, and accordingly has a large influence on the chemical and physical properties. This account summarizes our research progress on hetera-buckybowl trichalcogenasumanenes (TCSs), including their synthesis, regioselective oxidations, transformation into various hetero polycycles (chiral π-systems, molecular spoons, etc.), and their application as optoelectronic materials.1 Introduction2 Synthesis of TCSs3 Structural and Electronic Features of TCSs4 Regioselective Oxidation of TCSs4.1 Cleavage of the Edged Benzene Rings4.2 Oxidation of the Thiophene Rings4.3 Transformation of Butoxy Groups into an ortho-Quinone4.4 Intermolecular Charge Transfer4.5 Influence of Chalcogen Atoms on Oxidation Reactions5 Synthesis of Hetero Polycycles from TCSs6 Optoelectronic Properties of TCSs and Their Derivatives7 Conclusion

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25

Wang, Zaicong, and Harry Becker. "Fractionation of highly siderophile and chalcogen elements during magma transport in the mantle: Constraints from pyroxenites of the Balmuccia peridotite massif." Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 159 (June 2015): 244–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2015.03.036.

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26

Asmus, Sven M. F. "Organophosphorus Compounds; 142: A Simple Approach to 1,2,4-Selena- and Telluradiphospholes from Phosphaalkynes and the Chalcogen Elements and a First Study of their Reactivity." Synthesis 1999, no. 09 (September 1999): 1642–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-1999-3573.

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27

Alkorta, Ibon, José Elguero, and Antonio Frontera. "Not Only Hydrogen Bonds: Other Noncovalent Interactions." Crystals 10, no. 3 (March 6, 2020): 180. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst10030180.

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In this review, we provide a consistent description of noncovalent interactions, covering most groups of the Periodic Table. Different types of bonds are discussed using their trivial names. Moreover, the new name “Spodium bonds” is proposed for group 12 since noncovalent interactions involving this group of elements as electron acceptors have not yet been named. Excluding hydrogen bonds, the following noncovalent interactions will be discussed: alkali, alkaline earth, regium, spodium, triel, tetrel, pnictogen, chalcogen, halogen, and aerogen, which almost covers the Periodic Table entirely. Other interactions, such as orthogonal interactions and π-π stacking, will also be considered. Research and applications of σ-hole and π-hole interactions involving the p-block element is growing exponentially. The important applications include supramolecular chemistry, crystal engineering, catalysis, enzymatic chemistry molecular machines, membrane ion transport, etc. Despite the fact that this review is not intended to be comprehensive, a number of representative works for each type of interaction is provided. The possibility of modeling the dissociation energies of the complexes using different models (HSAB, ECW, Alkorta-Legon) was analyzed. Finally, the extension of Cahn-Ingold-Prelog priority rules to noncovalent is proposed.

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28

Grabowski, Sławomir J. "Classification of So-Called Non-Covalent Interactions Based on VSEPR Model." Molecules 26, no. 16 (August 15, 2021): 4939. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26164939.

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The variety of interactions have been analyzed in numerous studies. They are often compared with the hydrogen bond that is crucial in numerous chemical and biological processes. One can mention such interactions as the halogen bond, pnicogen bond, and others that may be classified as σ-hole bonds. However, not only σ-holes may act as Lewis acid centers. Numerous species are characterized by the occurrence of π-holes, which also may play a role of the electron acceptor. The situation is complicated since numerous interactions, such as the pnicogen bond or the chalcogen bond, for example, may be classified as a σ-hole bond or π-hole bond; it ultimately depends on the configuration at the Lewis acid centre. The disadvantage of classifications of interactions is also connected with their names, derived from the names of groups such as halogen and tetrel bonds or from single elements such as hydrogen and carbon bonds. The chaos is aggravated by the properties of elements. For example, a hydrogen atom can act as the Lewis acid or as the Lewis base site if it is positively or negatively charged, respectively. Hence names of the corresponding interactions occur in literature, namely hydrogen bonds and hydride bonds. There are other numerous disadvantages connected with classifications and names of interactions; these are discussed in this study. Several studies show that the majority of interactions are ruled by the same mechanisms related to the electron charge shifts, and that the occurrence of numerous interactions leads to specific changes in geometries of interacting species. These changes follow the rules of the valence-shell electron-pair repulsion model (VSEPR). That is why the simple classification of interactions based on VSEPR is proposed here. This classification is still open since numerous processes and interactions not discussed in this study may be included within it.

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29

Asmus, Sven M. F., Uwe Bergstraesser, and Manfred Regitz. "ChemInform Abstract: Organophosphorus Compounds. Part 142. A Simple Approach to 1,2,4-Selena- and Telluradiphospholes from Phosphaalkynes and the Chalcogen Elements and a First Study of Their Reactivity." ChemInform 30, no. 49 (June 12, 2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199949158.

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30

Bogachev, N. A., N. A. Tsyrulnikov, G. L. Starova, M. Yu Skripkin, and A. B. Nikolskii. "Solubility of salts of d-elements in organic and water-organic solvents: V. Inner-sphere chalcogen S–S contacts in the [Ni(DMSO)4(H2O)2]Cl2 solvate." Russian Journal of General Chemistry 87, no. 11 (November 2017): 2748–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1070363217110378.

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31

Desroches, Griffen, and Svilen Bobev. "Synthesis and structure determination of Ce6Cd23Te: a new chalcogen-containing member of theRE6Cd23T family (REis a rare-earth metal and T is a late group 14, 15 and 16 element)." Acta Crystallographica Section C Structural Chemistry 73, no. 2 (January 31, 2017): 121–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053229617001243.

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The ternary phase hexacerium tricosacadmium telluride, Ce6Cd23Te, was synthesized by a high-temperature reaction of the elements in sealed Nb ampoules and was structurally characterized by powder and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The structure, established from single-crystal X-ray diffraction methods, is isopointal with the Zr6Zn23Si structure type (Pearson symbolcF120, cubic space groupFm-3m), a filled version of the Th6Mn23structure with the same space group and Pearson symbolcF116. Though no Cd-containing rare-earth metal binaries are known to form with this structure, it appears that the addition of small amounts of ap-block element allows the formation of such interstitially stabilized ternary compounds. Temperature-dependent direct current (dc) magnetization measurements suggest local-moment magnetism arising from the Ce3+ground state, with possible valence fluctuations at low temperature, inferred from the deviations from the Curie–Weiss law.

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32

Ingram, Kieran I. M., Nikolas Kaltsoyannis, Andrew J. Gaunt, and Mary P. Neu. "Covalency in the f-element–chalcogen bond." Journal of Alloys and Compounds 444-445 (October 2007): 369–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2007.03.048.

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33

Singh, Abhay Kumar, and Tien-Chien Jen. "A Roadmap for the Chalcogenide-graphene Composites Formation Under a Glassy Regime." Current Graphene Science 3, no. 1 (December 28, 2020): 49–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2452273204999200918154642.

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Background: Nano-composite is an innovative material having nano in which fillers dispersed in a matrix. Typ-ically, the structure is a matrix- filler combination, where the fillers like particles, fibers, or fragments are surrounded and bound together as discrete units by the matrix. The term nano-composite encompasses a wide range of materials right from three dimensional metal matrix composites to two dimensional lamellar composites. Therefore, the physical, chemical and biological properties of nano materials differ from the properties of individual atoms and molecules or bulk matter. The chalcogenide – graphene composites in glassy regime is the growing novel research topic in the area of composite material science. It is obvious to interpret such materials different physicochemical mechanism. Objective: The key objective of this research work to explore the internal physicochemical mechanism of the chalcogenide – graphene composites under the glassy regime. Including the prime chalcogen alloying element selenium amorphous atomic structure and their fullerene like bonding nature. By accommodating the essential properties of the stacked layers of bilayer graphene. The diffusion, compression and dispersion of the bilayer graphene in selenium rich ternary (X(1-x-y)-Y(x)- Z(y) + GF (bilayer graphene); X = Se, Y = Semimetal or metalloid, Z = None metal) alloys under the complex regime on and after thermal melting process are addressed. Materials and Methods: To synthesize the composite materials the well-known melt quenched method had adopted. More-over, to interpret the amorphous selenium (Se8) chains and rings molecular structures we had used vista software with an available CIF data file. While to show the armchair and zig-zag bonds with bilayer graphene structure the nanotube modeler simulation software has used. Results: Outcomes of this study reveals the chalcogenide -graphene nano composite formation under a glassy regime changes the individual materials structural and other physical properties that is reflecting in different experimental evi-dences, therefore, the modified theoretical concepts for the different properties of such composite materials are interpreted in this study. Discussion: The dispersion and diffusion of the high stiff graphene bonds in low dimension chalcogen rich alloys has been interpreted based on their quadric thermal expansion behaviour. In addition to this, a possible bond angle modification in the formation of X(1-x-y)-Y(x)- Z(y) + GF composites are also addressed. To interpret the distinct optical property behavior of the formed X(1-x-y)-Y(x)- Z(y) + GF composites and parent chalcogenide glassy alloys a schematic model of the energy levels is also addressed. Conclusion: To make a better understating on the formation mechanism such composites, the diffusion and deformation of high stiff graphene σ and π bonds in a low dimension chalcogenide alloy basic mechanism are discussed on basis of novel “thermonic energy tunneling effect” concept, which could result in quadratic thermal expansion of graphene. Moreover, the structural unit modifications of such composite materials are described in terms of their bond angle modifications and in-fluence of the coordination defects. The energy levels suppression and creation of addition sub energy levels in such com-posite materials are discussed by adopting the viewpoint impact of the foreign alloying elements and surface π-plasmonic resonance between the graphene layers in the honeycomb band structure. Thus, this study has described various basic aspects of the chalcogenide system – bilayer graphene composites formation under a glassy regime.

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34

Johnson, James P., Michael Murchie, Jack Passmore, Mahmoud Tajik, Peter S. White, and Chi-Ming Wong. "The preparation of SeI3SbF6 and TeI3SbF6; the X-ray crystal structures of SBr3AsF6, SeI3AsF6, SeI3SbF6, and TeI3SbF6; some considerations of the energetics of the formation of SBr3AsF6 and SeI3AsF6." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 65, no. 12 (December 1, 1987): 2744–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v87-456.

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The crystal structures of the compounds SBr3AsF6 (1), SeI3AsF6 (2), SeI3SbF6 (3), and TeI3SbF6 (4) are reported and the quantitative preparation of the hitherto unknown 3 and 4 from SbF5 and the respective elements in SO2 are given. Crystal data are as follows: 1, monoclinic, space group P21/c, with a = 8.015(1) Å, b = 9.342(1) Å, c = 12.126(2), β = 97.81(1)°, and Z = 4; 2, monoclinic, space group P21/c, with a = 8.380(2) Å, b = 10.237(1) Å, c = 12.524(1) Å, β = 99.36(1)°, and Z = 4; 3, monoclinic, space group P21/c, with a = 8.548(2) Å, b = 10.297(6) Å, c = 12.877(8) Å, β = 98.70(3)°, and Z = 4; 4, monoclinic, space group P21/c, with a = 8.463(1) Å, b = 10.676(2) Å, c = 13.121(4) Å, β = 100.05(1), and Z = 4. Compounds 1, 2, 3, and 4 are isostructural and were refined to a final R values of 0.040, 0.051, 0.047, and 0.037, respectively. The structures of these salts consist of essentially discrete MX3+ cations and M′F6− anions (M = S, Se, Te; X = Br, I; M′ = As, Sb) with some cation–anion interactions. TheSeI3+ bond distances and angles were essentially identical in both AsF6− and SbF6− salts (average Se—I distance and I—Se—I angle for AsF6− salt; 2.508(2) Å, 102.4(1)° and for SbF6− salt; 2.512(1) Å, 102.3(1)°). Similarly the average Te—I bond distance and I—Te—I angle for TeI3SbF6 were 2.666(1) Å and 99.8(1)° which are essentially identical to those in the previously reported TeI3AsF6. The average S—Br distance and Br—S—Br angle were 2.142(6) Å and 103.4(2)° in SBr3AsF6. Estimates of the S—I bond distance and I—S—I bond angle in the as yet unknown SI3M′F6 are made from the extrapolation of MX3+ data. The bond distances observed in the simple MX3+ cations (M = S, Se, Te; X = Cl, Br, I) with anions of very low basicity are within 0.02 Å of the corresponding distances calculated by the Schomaker–Stevenson equation. The observed and estimated bond distances in SBr3+, SI3+, and SeI3+ are significantly longer than the corresponding S—Br, S—I, and Se—I distances in S7I+, S7Br+, and Se6I22+. This observation is used to support the thesis that the long intra-cationic halogen–chalcogen contacts in polychalcogen–halogen cations are weakly bonding, and responsible for the cluster-like nature of these cations. The heats of formation of 1 and 2 from their respective elements and AsF5 were estimated.

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35

Franz, Daniel, and Shigeyoshi Inoue. "Advances in the development of complexes that contain a group 13 element chalcogen multiple bond." Dalton Transactions 45, no. 23 (2016): 9385–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6dt01413e.

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36

Chivers, Tristram. "2001 E.W.R. Steacie Award LectureThe imido ligand in main group element chemistry." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 79, no. 12 (December 1, 2001): 1841–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v01-170.

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The imido group (NR) is a versatile ligand in main group chemistry. The high reactivity of multiply bonded (terminal) imido derivatives of p-block elements is used, for example, in the aza-Wittig reaction, allylic aminations, and in peptide synthesis. As a bridging ligand, the imido group provides a cornerstone for a wide variety of binary cluster structures. This review is primarily concerned with the synthesis, structures, reactions, and ligand behaviour of imido derivatives of the heavy chalcogens (selenium and tellurium) as exemplified by the tellurium diimide dimer t-BuNTe(µ-N-t-Bu)2TeN-t-Bu and the homoleptic trisimido-tellurite dianion [Te(N-t-Bu)3]2. The synthesis and cluster structures of alkali metal and alkaline earth metal derivatives of heteroleptic imido-oxo anions of sulfur, e.g., [OxS(NR)3 x]2 (x = 1, 2) and [O2S(µ-NPh)SO2]2, are also discussed.Key words: main group chemistry, imido ligand, chalcogens.

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37

Vácha, R., J. Němeček, and E. Podlešáková. "Geochemical and anthropogenic soil loads by potentially risky elements." Plant, Soil and Environment 48, No. 10 (December 22, 2011): 441–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/4393-pse.

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The differentiation between anthropogenic and geogenic loads of the soils by potentially risky elements was observed. The collection of soil horizon samples from 21 localities with different anthropogenic loads (imission fall-outs, floods, historical mining) and geogenic loads (lithogenic, chalcogenic) was composed. The soil characteristics (pH, C<sub>ox</sub>), total content of 13 potentially risky elements, content of potentially risky elements in the extract of 2M HNO<sub>3</sub>, 1M NH<sub>4</sub>NO<sub>3</sub> (mobile forms) and 0.025M EDTA (potentially mobilizable forms) were detected. The solubility as the ratio of total content and the content of risky elements in the other extracts was calculated. The differences between the solubility for each risky element and for each type of the load were determined. It was concluded that the highest solubility was determined in the fluvisols contaminated by the floods and in the soils contaminated by imission fall-outs. Significantly lower solubility of potentially risky elements was determined in the soils with geogenic loads. The efficiency of the used extracts for the differentiation of the soil load was assessed (2M HNO<sub>3</sub>, 0.025M EDTA). The types of geogenic loads were characterised in the extent of used soil collection. Geochemically anomalous parent materials and soil types developed on these parent materials were described.

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38

GABBUTT, C. D., and J. D. HEPWORTH. "ChemInform Abstract: Functions Incorporating a Chalcogen and a Group 15 Element." ChemInform 27, no. 34 (August 5, 2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199634305.

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39

Vasiliu, Monica, Kirk A. Peterson, and David A. Dixon. "Bond Dissociation Energies in Heavy Element Chalcogen and Halogen Small Molecules." Journal of Physical Chemistry A 125, no. 9 (March 1, 2021): 1892–902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpca.0c11393.

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40

JAEGER, L. "ChemInform Abstract: Element-Homologous Compounds. Preparation and Characterization of Phosphorus(V) Chalcogen Derivatives." ChemInform 28, no. 21 (August 4, 2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199721262.

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41

Vávrová, Silvia, Eva Struhárňanská, Ján Turňa, and Stanislav Stuchlík. "Tellurium: A Rare Element with Influence on Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Biological Systems." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 11 (May 31, 2021): 5924. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22115924.

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Metalloid tellurium is characterized as a chemical element belonging to the chalcogen group without known biological function. However, its compounds, especially the oxyanions, exert numerous negative effects on both prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. Recent evidence suggests that increasing environmental pollution with tellurium has a causal link to autoimmune, neurodegenerative and oncological diseases. In this review, we provide an overview about the current knowledge on the mechanisms of tellurium compounds’ toxicity in bacteria and humans and we summarise the various ways organisms cope and detoxify these compounds. Over the last decades, several gene clusters conferring resistance to tellurium compounds have been identified in a variety of bacterial species and strains. These genetic determinants exhibit great genetic and functional diversity. Besides the existence of specific resistance mechanisms, tellurium and its toxic compounds interact with molecular systems, mediating general detoxification and mitigation of oxidative stress. We also discuss the similarity of tellurium and selenium biochemistry and the impact of their compounds on humans.

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42

PEARSON, D. P. J. "ChemInform Abstract: Functions Containing at Least One Group 15 Element (and No Halogen or Chalcogen)." ChemInform 27, no. 35 (August 5, 2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199635262.

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43

CARMICHAEL, D., A. MARINETTI, and P. SAVIGNAC. "ChemInform Abstract: Functions Containing at Least One Group 15 Element (and No Halogen or Chalcogen)." ChemInform 27, no. 35 (August 5, 2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199635267.

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44

Assoud, Abdeljalil, Navid Soheilnia, and Holger Kleinke. "From Yellow to Black: New Semiconducting Ba Chalcogeno-Germanates." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 59, no. 9 (September 1, 2004): 975–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-2004-0905.

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The new germanates Ba2GeSe4−δ Teδ (δ < 2.5) were prepared by reacting the elements under exclusion of air at 800°C, followed by slow cooling to room temperature. These germanates form the Sr2GeS4 type, monoclinic space group P21/m, with lattice dimensions of a = 699.58(4), b = 709.38(4), c = 917.38(6) pm, β = 109.135(1)◦, V = 430.11(4) ・ 106 pm3 (Z = 2) for Ba2GeSe4. The structure contains isolated GeSe4 tetrahedra. The oxidation states are assigned to be BaII, GeIV, and Se−II. The yellow color of this ortho-seleno-germanate is indicative of semiconducting behavior with an activation energy of 2.6 - 3.0 eV, and the black appearance of the seleno-telluro-germanates points towards gaps < 1.7 eV. Electronic structure calculations based on the LMTO approximation resulted in smaller gaps of 1.7 - 0.8 eV, a tendency that is typical for this calculation method.

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45

Zheng, Jian Wei, Atreyee Bhattcahrayya, Ping Wu, Zhong Chen, James Highfield, Zhili Dong, and Rong Xu. "The Origin of Visible Light Absorption in Chalcogen Element (S, Se, and Te)-Doped Anatase TiO2 Photocatalysts." Journal of Physical Chemistry C 114, no. 15 (March 31, 2010): 7063–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp9115035.

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46

Kadlag, Yogita, and Harry Becker. "Origin of highly siderophile and chalcogen element fractionations in the components of unequilibrated H and LL chondrites." Geochemistry 77, no. 1 (April 2017): 105–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemer.2017.01.004.

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47

Kadlag, Yogita, and Harry Becker. "Highly siderophile and chalcogen element constraints on the origin of components of the Allende and Murchison meteorites." Meteoritics & Planetary Science 51, no. 6 (April 28, 2016): 1136–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/maps.12653.

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48

Bell, J. N., T. B. Ryder, V. P. Wingate, J. A. Bailey, and C. J. Lamb. "Differential accumulation of plant defense gene transcripts in a compatible and an incompatible plant-pathogen interaction." Molecular and Cellular Biology 6, no. 5 (May 1986): 1615–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.6.5.1615.

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Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and chalcone synthase catalyze the first reaction of phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and the first reaction of a branch pathway specific for flavonoid-isoflavonoid biosynthesis, respectively. These enzymes are key control elements in the synthesis of kievitone, phaseollin, and related isoflavonoid-derived phytoalexins. RNA blot hybridization with 32P-labeled cDNA sequences was used to demonstrate marked accumulation of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and chalcone synthase mRNAs in excision-wounded hypocotyls of Phaseolus vulgaris L. (dwarf French bean) and during race-cultivar-specific interactions between hypocotyls of P. vulgaris and the partially biotrophic fungus Colletotrichum lindemuthianum, the causal agent of anthracnose. In an incompatible interaction (host resistant), early concomitant accumulation of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and chalcone synthase mRNAs, localized mainly but not entirely in tissue adjacent to the site of infection, was observed prior to the onset of phytoalexin accumulation and expression of localized, hypersensitive resistance. In contrast, in a compatible interaction (host susceptible) there was no early accumulation of these transcripts; instead, there was a delayed widespread response associated with phytoalexin accumulation during attempted lesion limitation. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of [35S]methionine-labeled polypeptides synthesized in vitro by translation of isolated polysomal RNA demonstrated stimulation of the synthesis of characteristic sets of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and chalcone synthase isopolypeptides in directly infected tissue and distant, hitherto uninfected tissue in both compatible and incompatible interactions. Our data show that specific accumulation of plant defense gene transcripts is a key early component in the sequence of events leading to expression of defense responses in wounded tissue and in infected tissue during race-cultivar-specific interactions and that an elicitation signal is transmitted intercellularly in response to infection.

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49

Bell, J. N., T. B. Ryder, V. P. Wingate, J. A. Bailey, and C. J. Lamb. "Differential accumulation of plant defense gene transcripts in a compatible and an incompatible plant-pathogen interaction." Molecular and Cellular Biology 6, no. 5 (May 1986): 1615–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.6.5.1615-1623.1986.

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Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and chalcone synthase catalyze the first reaction of phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and the first reaction of a branch pathway specific for flavonoid-isoflavonoid biosynthesis, respectively. These enzymes are key control elements in the synthesis of kievitone, phaseollin, and related isoflavonoid-derived phytoalexins. RNA blot hybridization with 32P-labeled cDNA sequences was used to demonstrate marked accumulation of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and chalcone synthase mRNAs in excision-wounded hypocotyls of Phaseolus vulgaris L. (dwarf French bean) and during race-cultivar-specific interactions between hypocotyls of P. vulgaris and the partially biotrophic fungus Colletotrichum lindemuthianum, the causal agent of anthracnose. In an incompatible interaction (host resistant), early concomitant accumulation of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and chalcone synthase mRNAs, localized mainly but not entirely in tissue adjacent to the site of infection, was observed prior to the onset of phytoalexin accumulation and expression of localized, hypersensitive resistance. In contrast, in a compatible interaction (host susceptible) there was no early accumulation of these transcripts; instead, there was a delayed widespread response associated with phytoalexin accumulation during attempted lesion limitation. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of [35S]methionine-labeled polypeptides synthesized in vitro by translation of isolated polysomal RNA demonstrated stimulation of the synthesis of characteristic sets of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and chalcone synthase isopolypeptides in directly infected tissue and distant, hitherto uninfected tissue in both compatible and incompatible interactions. Our data show that specific accumulation of plant defense gene transcripts is a key early component in the sequence of events leading to expression of defense responses in wounded tissue and in infected tissue during race-cultivar-specific interactions and that an elicitation signal is transmitted intercellularly in response to infection.

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50

Braunschweig, Holger, Alexander Damme, Jan Mies, and Marius Schäfer. "Insertion of Chalcogens and Bis(tert-butylisonitrile)palladium(0) into a Strained Ruthenium Half-sandwich Complex." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 67, no. 11 (November 1, 2012): 1173–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5560/znb.2012-0242.

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The previously synthesized strained distannadiyl-ansa half-sandwich complex [{k1-SntBu2- SntBu2-(η5-C5H5)}Ru(CO)2] was investigated with respect to its reactivity toward group 16 elements and bis(tert-butylisonitrile)palladium(0). All products were analyzed by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, IR spectroscopy and elemental analysis. [{k1-SntBu2SSntBu2-(η5-C5H5)}Ru(CO)2] was furthermore characterized by X-ray diffraction.

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