Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Chaleur spécifiques'
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Pasturel, Mathieu. "Modification par hydruration des propriétés structurales et physiques des intermétalliques CeTX (T = Mn, Ni, Cu ; X = Al, Ga, In, Si, Ge, Sn)." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00010063.
Full textOçafrain, Arlette. "Mise en oeuvre et utilisation de la méthode de l'échangeur thermique (HEM) pour l'obtention de monocristaux à applications spécifiques et de céramiques supraconductrices orientées." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 1995. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00160029.
Full textGirod, Clément. "Chaleur spécifique à basse température dans l'état normal des cuprates supraconducteurs." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020GRALY029.
Full textSince their discovery in 1986, cuprate superconductors are still a puzzle, mainly because of their record-breaking superconducting critical temperatures and the complexity of their phase diagram, which still holds its share of mysteries. My thesis is about the study of these materials, upon which I give a literature survey in the first chapter. During my PhD, I studied the specific heat of these materials. This experimental technique is a powerful tool for harvesting electronic properties and is at the same time sensitive to phase transitions, as I explain in the second chapter. The calorimetric setup I used, detailed in the third chapter, was designed to allow for the measurement of specific heat in a high magnetic field environment up to 35 T, for temperatures down to 0.3 K, which allowed me to study the normal state of cuprates down to the lowest temperatures, when superconductivity is quenched by the magnetic field. My PhD work is mainly focused on the study of two regions of the phase diagram of cuprates that are the subject of the fourth and fifth chapters of this thesis. Firstly, in the pseudogap phase, where I looked for thermodynamic signatures of the transition at the doping p* where this phase ends. Secondly, in the charge order phase, aiming to bring elements to better determine the nature of the Fermi surface after reconstruction by this order. In the fourth chapter, I present the results of the study on the transition at p* in compounds Nd-LSCO and Eu-LSCO, that I extended to LSCO, Bi2201 and Tl2201. In these five compounds, we observe an increase in the electronic specific heat when approaching p*, associated with a logarithmic temperature dependence close to p*. These signatures are commonly observed around quantum critical points and bring out new properties of the pseudogap phase. In the fifth chapter, I present my study of the charge order phase of Hg1201, a model system for studying the Fermi surface reconstruction. We observe that the electronic density of states measured by calorimetry is three times larger than the one obtained from quantum oscillations measurements. This leads us to question the hypothesis that the reconstructed Fermi surface of Hg1201 by the charge order would consist in a single electron pocket
Lima, Filho Severiano da Silva. "Influence du transfert massique sur les champs thermique et dynamique : étude expérimentale et modélisation." Toulouse 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOU30220.
Full textGrassi, Henri. "Études expérimentales et théoriques du complexe de transfert de charge TEA (TCNQ)₂." Nice, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987NICE4116.
Full textZiat, Djamel. "Étude de systèmes magnétiques par rotations de spins de muons et chaleur spécifique." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/10159.
Full textBrillon, Charles. "Le crossover dimensionel dans la chaleur spécifique du modèle de Hubbard demi-rempli." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2007. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/4770.
Full textBoudenne, Abderrahim. "Étude expérimentale et théorique des propriétés thermophysiques de matériaux composites à matrice polymère." Paris 12, 2003. https://athena.u-pec.fr/primo-explore/search?query=any,exact,990002111180204611&vid=upec.
Full textThis work is devoted to the experimental and theoretical study of thermophysical properties of polymer matrix composites containing aluminium (Al) and cooper (Cu) powders dispersed in a polypropylene (PP) matrix. The first objective was the improvement of a simultaneous thermal conductivity and diffusivity measurement method. The characterisation of reference samples allowed the validation of the measurement protocol. Thereafter, several PP/Cu and PP/Al composites were achieved for various concentrations and particles sizes. Measurements of specific heat, thermal conductivity and diffusivity of theses composites showed the effect of concentration and particle size effect on the thermophysical behaviour of these composites
Salmi, Redha. "Dispositif de mesure de la chaleur spécifique de petits échantillons : application à l'YBa2Cu3O[7-[delta]]." Grenoble 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993GRE10196.
Full textBouayad, Houssine. "Contribution à la caractérisation thermique de matériaux multicouches : problèmes de l'homogéneisation." Limoges, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LIMO0214.
Full textSchehr, Grégory. "Thermodynamique et dynamique hors d'équilibre de systèmes élastiques désordonnés." Paris 6, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA066482.
Full textBriard, Anne-Julie. "Caractérisations thermodynamique et structurale de mélanges multiparaffiniques synthétiques et réels : aspects de leur cristallisation." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2002. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_2002_BRIARD_AJ.pdf.
Full textThe crystallization of normal paraffin hydrocarbons in middle distillate fuels and petroleum cuts bas been shown to be at the origin of real problems for refiners and diesel-fuel consumers in very cold regions. Thermodynamic calculations of paraffinic crude oil crystallization are based on equations of solid/liquid equilibria and the ir capacity to fit and predict experimental data depend on the choice of the best model for each phase. To understand the behaviour of these solid deposits, the aim of this study is to determine and to compare the structural and thermodynamic properties of a great number of synthetic mixtures and wax es, whose n-alkane molar concentration distributions are similar to that observed in crude and diesel oils or in petroleum waxes. First, the crystallization study of synthetic mixtures, with decreasing distribution of alkanes (as in paraffinic crude oil) allows to detlne crystallization process and to underline the influence of parameters, like temperature, length and composition of the distribution, on the number of crystallized solid solutions. Secondly, n-alkanes calorimetrie studies lead to the determination of simple analytical expressions to represent thermodynamic properties (temperatures and enthalpies of phase change, heat capacities of solid and liquid phases) as a function of carbon atom number. These relations allow to bring out the existence of excess properties for paraffinic mixtures. For ail synthetic mixtures and waxes studied, the ordered solid phase shows a great deviation to ideality, and the liquid phase, an athermal behaviour. Finally, the measurement of solid solutions formation enthalpies of multicomponent paraffinic systems permit to test the predictive capacity of the Uniquac model, for the restitution of solid phases excess properties
Camirand, Christian. "Étude de la chaleur spécifique et de la conductivité thermique des hydrures métalliques par calorimétrie différentielle." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2000. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/3139/1/000668315.pdf.
Full textBarthélemy, Quentin. "Etudes par RMN, µSR et chaleur spécifique de liquides de spins quantiques dans des matériaux à géométrie kagome." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASP065.
Full textThe kagome Heisenberg antiferromagnet decorated with quantum spins is a fascinating model where to look for exotic quantum states including the elusive spin liquids. Despite its apparent simplicity, there is still no consensus on the exact nature of the ground state and of the excitation spectrum. The current availability of quantum kagome materials, each with their own deviation to the pure Heisenberg model, allows to confront a fair amount of experimental results to theoretical predictions and study the effect of perturbations inherent to real materials. The experimental work presented in this manuscript examines two directions.First, we focus on the emblematic herbertsmithite ZnCu₃(OH)₆Cl₂, with perfect kagome planes. It is the closest materialization of the pure Heisenberg model so far (J~180 K) and exhibits attributes of a quantum spin liquid at low temperatures, with the absence of magnetic long-range order and the persistence of spin dynamics. As main perturbations, we can mention magnetic impurities between the kagome planes and a finite out-of-plane Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya component (Dz~0.06J). With a comprehensive ¹⁷O NMR study on a high-quality single crystal, we were able to measure the intrinsic (kagome) low-temperature static spin susceptibility and spin dynamics, and we show unambiguously that the excitation spectrum is gapless, at variance with valence bond crystal states and numerous spin liquid candidates that are characterized by gapped excitations. Moreover, the disclosed static spin susceptibility restores some convergence with a fermionic Dirac cone model now advocated for in most numerical works. To shed another light on the low energy density of states, we measured the specific heat on high-quality single crystals. The kagome intrinsic specific heat is obtained in high magnetic fields only: at low magnetic fields, another dominant contribution prevents any conclusive analysis. Remarkably, the kagome specific heat is found to be almost field-independent up to 34 T. This seems to be at odds with a fermionic nature for the excitations, which in such a case would form field-induced Fermi pockets. Yet, as expected for Dirac particles, the density of states appears to vanish in the zero-temperature limit. Although the exact nature of the excitations remains unclear, our results severely constrain future theoretical developments. Further, thanks to NMR and specific heat, we were also able to identify field-induced transitions or crossovers at very low temperatures, and we present a tentative phase diagram. We also used µSR to investigate the robustness of the spin liquid state, which extends at least up to 28 kbar. Second, we introduce two new closely related materials, that implement interesting variants of herbertsmithite: the insulating yttrium kapellasites YCu₃(OH)₆OxCl₃-x, with compositions x=0 and x=1/3. These two compounds are fortuitous outcomes of the ongoing – and still unsuccessful – effort for doping herbertsmithite, by replacing the divalent zinc cations by monovalent or trivalent cations. In yttrium kapellasites, copper ions also build a kagome lattice with antiferromagnetic in-plane couplings, and the structure forbids interlayer impurities. The ground state properties are determined using bulk thermodynamics and µSR on powdered samples. The x=0 compound has a perfect kagome geometry but displays an ordered ground state, which is attributed to a large Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya anisotropy. The x=1/3 compound has a slightly distorted kagome geometry displaying anisotropic interactions, but exhibits features of spin liquid physics. Yet, we show with a comparative ³⁵Cl NMR study, that single crystal samples of the latter material actually develop static magnetism at variance with the polycrystalline samples. We conclude that Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya anisotropy and/or the modified kagome magnetic lattice in the x=1/3 compound are likely at the origin of the low-temperature magnetic transition
Gaudin, Gilles. "Etude du régime thermiquement activé de l'effet tunnel d'aimantation par mesures de chaleur spécifique dépendante de la fréquence." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001GRE10197.
Full textSá, Leandro de. "Etude des propriétés des systèmes désordonnés à basses températures : mesures de chaleur spécifique dans des quartz irradiés aux neutrons." Grenoble 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987GRE10095.
Full textPulvin, Sylviane. "Stabilité thermique et biochimique de systèmes enzymatiques : comportement spécifique avec des substrats ou produits gazeux." Compiègne, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991COMPE089.
Full textBustin, Olivier. "Relaxation structurale des matériaux vitrifiables par calorimétrie à balayage modulé." Lille 1, 1999. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1999/50376-1999-289.pdf.
Full textLeinekugel-Le-Cocq-Errien, Aude-Ysoline. "Synthèse et caractérisation structurale et thermodynamique de céramiques de type hollandite destinées au conditionnement spécifique de césium." Nantes, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005NANT2085.
Full textThis thesis deals with the characterization of the Ba1Cs0. 28Fe0. 82Al1. 46Ti5. 72O16 hollandite envisaged for Cs containment. Used techniques are based on both classical powder XRD and synchrotron radiation powder XRD at the absorption threshold of Ba and Cs, TEM and calorimetry. Two synthesis routes have been investigated: an alcoxyde route and a “dry” route. After sintering, both syntheses lead to an incommensurate modulated tetragonal hollandite structure (space group: I4/m(00)00) with a modulation vector distribution. Before sintering, the material obtained by the alcoxyde route is composed of three phases: a tetragonal hollandite like above, a monoclinic Ba-free hollandite and a weak-coherence-length phase containing only Ba. In contrasts, the “dry” route already leads to the tetragonal hollandite at this step of the synthesis. High temperature oxide melt solution calorimetry was used to derive standard enthalpy of formation of hollandite to deduce its free enthalpy of formation
Tlili, Radhouan. "Études des transferts dans les matériaux hétérogènes." Thesis, Paris Est, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PEST1092.
Full textThe use of composite materials in various fields of technology (microelectronics, aerospace, transportation ...) continues to grow. Such an increase is that it is possible to develop new materials with properties tailored to a specific application by combining the physical properties of different constituents.In the thesis, we focus on the study of thermophysical properties, electrical and dielectric of composites based on polymer matrix loaded with natural fibers and/or mineral particles.The final goal is to increase our knowledge on the mechanism of transfer (thermal, electrical and dielectric) in composite materials and secondly, to develop a method for measuring thermophysical properties of materials at different temperatures (-20°C etlt; Tetlt; 180°C)
Pesty, François. "Cascade de transitions de phase induites par le champ magnétique dans le métal organique (TMTSF) ₂ClO₄." Paris 11, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA112166.
Full textA metal - Spin Density Wave (SDW) transition occurs in the organic conductor (TMTSF) ₂ClO₄ when a magnetic field is applied. A Landau level quantization connected with an adjustment of the SDW nesting vector accounts for the electronic transport properties. This is a novel situation, for which the Fermi surface can deform itself: As the field is varied, the Fermi level remains above the last fully filled Landau level. This condition cannot be satisfied indefinitely. When the SDW distortion becomes too important, the system minimizes its total energy by decreasing by one unit the number of fully filled Landau levels. This is made at the cost of a nesting vector jump. A phase transition is associated with each jump. The specific heat measurements presented in this thesis help specify the physical mechanism which is responsible for the transitions. In order to perform these measurements, we developed a new nanocalorimètre, with the help of thin film microlithography techniques. The results reveal the existence of several SDW phases. Otherwise the B. C. S. Character of the metal - SDW transition shows that the gap opened at the Fermi level has the same order of magnitude as the critical temperature (TC = 1. 3 K at 61 k Oe)
Rossi, Claude. "Méthode d'analyse statistique des titrages acido-basiques en solutions aqueuses diluées : étude thermodynamique de la dissociation des acides polyacrylique et polyméthacrylique." Aix-Marseille 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996AIX11034.
Full textCueille, Marylène. "Contribution à la modélisation multiphysique, électromagnétique, thermique et hydrodynamique, appliquée à la dosimétrie des systèmes d'exposition aux rayonnements électromagnétiques non ionisants." Limoges, 2007. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/c90f6585-566a-443f-a042-5cf6e0682005/blobholder:0/2007LIMO4042.pdf.
Full textThe rise of new technologies using microwave strengthens questions about possible health risks. The development and the characterisation of exposure systems dedicated for biological studies require an accurate dosimetry. An aspect of this issue relies on the control of thermal effects. The resulting multiphysic problem requires the development of a numerical tool fitted to bioelectromagnetic studies and that processes electromagnetism, thermodynamics and hydrodynamics all together. The use of a finite difference scheme to solve the heat equations will allow a link with electromagnetism to integrate the permittivity dependence with temperature, and transitional effects. The influence of the thermal conduction and thermal convection is shown in The study of two exposure setups, involving high and low temperature gradient
Cormerais, Mickaël. "Caractérisation expérimentale et modélisation des transferts thermiques au sein d'un turbocompresseur automobile : application à la simulation du comportement transitoire d'un moteur diesel à forte puissance spécifique." Nantes, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NANT2046.
Full textIn the field of the automobile propulsion, environmental issues (drastic reduction of greenhouse gases) and diminishing fossil fuels supplies enhance the need of fuel consumption reduction. To reach this goal, it is possible to increase the engine specific power at constant rotational speed (Downsizing). The alteration of the transient performance of the engine is then a limitation of the expected benefits of downsizing. Engine manufacturers try to improve turbocharger matching using simulation code. An analysis of the models included in those codes shows that the turbochargers performance calculations is based on a simple interpolation in the turbochargers maps. The major assumption is in that case that compression and expansion are adiabatic. For high turbocharged engines, experiments on test bench show that this assumption is not acceptable: simulate codes provide then inaccurate results for certain operating points. In this context, this study proposes new methods to experimentally specify and to model heat transfers in turbochargers and evaluates the ncidence of heat transfers in the turbocharger on the engine performances. The experimental set up developed in the laboratory aims to understand and evaluate the repartition of heat transfers in the different parts of the turbocharger and then to propose a model of this repartition. Finally, the influence of heat transfers in the turbocharger of the engine performances is investigated for steady and transient engine running conditions
Mançour-Billah, Abdellatif. "Élaboration, études structurale et physique de monocristaux de séléniures ternaires de molybdène MMo6Se8 à base de métaux de transition 3d." Rennes 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001REN10130.
Full textZougmoré, François. "Automatisation de mesures de chaleur spécifique : propriétés thermodynamiques à très basses températures des alliages amorphes métalliques supraconducteurs Zr(1-x)Cu(x) préparés par pulvérisation cathodique." Grenoble 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987GRE10061.
Full textWang, Kang. "Structure électronique et stabilité des cristaux quasi-périodiques." Paris 11, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA112150.
Full textMichon, Bastien. "Point critique quantique de la phase pseudogap dans les cuprates supraconducteurs." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/11815.
Full textAbstract : This experimental PhD thesis explores the properties of the pseudogap critical point in the phase diagram of superconducting cuprates. In a first part, I present a state of the art of these systems, in particular, their temperature-doping phase diagram. Recently, electrical transport shows a dramatic drop in the electronic carrier density near the pseudogap critical point, suggesting a Fermi surface reconstruction. To understand the phase transition related to this reconstruction, I performed high magnetic field measurements of thermal transport and specific heat on La1.8−xSrxEu0.2CuO4 and La1.6−xSrxNd0.4CuO4 cuprates. In a second part, after a theoretical introduction on specific heat and thermal transport, I detail how these two quantities were measured. In particular, I developed an AC specific heat technique to combine high resolution and absolute accuracy in high magnetic field and low temperature. Several thermal and electronic models were developed to understand and analyze the measurements, and to optimize the set-ups according to the temperature range. In a third part, I present the results obtained from thermal transport and specific heat measurements. Thermal transport confirms the drop in carrier density in the normal state (without superconductivity) of cuprates, already observed in high magnetic field electrical transport. Moreover, this drop also exists within the superconducting phase (in zero magnetic field), showing that it is neither influenced by superconductivity nor by magnetic field. In the normal state, the Wiedemann-Franz law is satisfied, proving the metallic behavior of the pseudogap phase. Electronic specific heat shows a non-classical behavior in the vicinity of the critical point. This abnormal behavior is characterized by a logarithmic dependence as a function of temperature at the critical doping p* corresponding to the drop in the carrier density. Moreover, these measurements suggest a diverging effective mass at p* as a function of doping. These two observations are the signature of a quantum critical point located at T = 0K and p = p*, whose origin is discussed in the last part. I discuss the possible universality classes, and I compare with others compounds (heavy fermions, pnictides) which present a quantum critical point.
Guillou, François. "Différents matériaux à effet magnétocalorique : aspects fondamentaux et applicatifs." Caen, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011CAEN2031.
Full textThis thesis reports on the study of several materials –mainly oxides– with the aim of applications in magnetic refrigeration (MR). Four main aspects were addressed: (1) Research of materials with high magnetocaloric effect (MCE), (2) MCE physics and its experimental characterizations, (3) production of material for direct tests in a MR device at room temperature, and (4) additional studies beyond the scope of MR. (1) The A-site ordering in manganites (R1-xAExMnO3) or their incorporation in super-lattices were found to be new ways to adjust the MCE around room temperature. As an example of a first-order transition (FOT), we investigated the case of Eu0. 58Sr0. 42MnO3 which led to an intense MCE, as expected. Significant MCEs were also measured around the second-order ferrimagnetic transition in Mn3O4, and around a spin and valence states transition in Pr0. 49Sm0. 21Ca0. 3CoO3. The existence of giant MCE was confirmed in the Heusler alloy Ni45Co5Mn37. 5In12. 5 by heat capacity measurements. (2) Some controversies about the MCE determination by magnetic and calorimetric methods were addressed in detail. Special attention was paid to the case of FOTs when they exhibit phenomena such as phase separation and/or magneto-thermal history. (3) Two systems (La1-xKxMnO3 and Pr1-xSrxMnO3) were investigated for applications at room temperature. Preliminary results are reported on a regenerator constituted of Pr0. 65Sr0. 35MnO3 plates. (4) Peculiar phenomena encountered in Mn3O4 (a new transition below TC), in Pr0. 49Sm0. 21Ca0. 3CoO3 (a coupling between valence and spin states transitions) or Eu0. 58Sr0. 42MnO3 (spin-glass state) were the subject of dedicated studies
Kattan, Munzer. "Comportement de la phase amorphe dans des polyesters thermoplastiques soumis à des traitements thermomécaniques." Rouen, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ROUES004.
Full textDelbreilh, Laurent. "Etude de l'hétérogénéité et de la métastabilité de phases amorphes polymères par analyse des transitions et des phénomènes relaxationnels lents." Toulouse 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOU30279.
Full textThe goal of this work is the study of polymers amorphous phase and its evolution during the physical modifications generated during thermal treatments. We studied the phenomenon of structural relaxation in vitreous amorphous polymers through evolutions it causes on the “low temperatures” retardation modes of polycarbonate and on its glass transition. In the temperature range just below the glass transition, a compensation phenomenon depending on physical ageing was highlighted for the dielectric and enthalpic activation parameters. In addition, the growth of a crystalline phase in polyethylene terephthalate allowed the observation of two components of relaxation as well by the technique of thermo-stimulated creep as by that of thermo-stimulated polarisation current. The evolution of these two components alphaL and alphaU is representative of structural evolution of the amorphous phase during the growth of crystallites
Tavakoli-Ghinani, Adib. "Transport de phonons dans le régime quantique." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAY090/document.
Full textThis PhD entitles Phonon heat transport in the quantum regime is based on the analysis of the thermal properties of confined systems at very low temperature.The context of this subject is putting the systems in two extreme conditions (low temperature and low dimensions) and understand the fundamental thermal properties coming from these limits.The studied samples during this PhD that are suspended structures (membrane or nanowire) are elaborated from amorphous silicon nitride.By lowering the temperature, the phonon characteristic lengths like the mean free path or the phonon dominant wavelength increase. When these characteristic lengths exceed lateral dimensions of the system, the boundary scattering will govern the thermal properties. In the boundary scattering, phonon transport goes from boundary limited scattering (Casimir regime) to ballistics regime (quantum limit). In this ballistic regime, the heat current can be expressed using the Landauer model. The thermal conductance is then expressed as: K=N_α q T where N_α is the number of populated vibrational modes, q=((π²k_B^2)T)⁄3h is the universal value of quantum of thermal conductance, and T is the transmission coefficient.In this work, thermal conductance measurements of suspended nanowires have been performed down to very low temperature. A measurement platform having an unprecedented sensitivity have been developed that can measure a variation of energy smaller than the attojoule. These new sensors allow the measurement of thermal properties of 1D phonon waveguide in the quantum regime of heat transport. We show that the transmission coefficient is the dominant factor that set the thermal conductance value. It depends on the dimension and the shape of the reservoirs, and the nature of the material in use rendering difficult the measurement of the quantum of thermal conductance. We show that in all of the SiN structures, the thermal transport could be dominated by low energy excitations that exist in amorphous solids (a-solids).The second important set of experiments concerns the specific heat. We have studied suspended the thermal properties of very thin SiN membranes that are thought to be 2D phonon cavities. We show that the temperature dependence of the specific heat departs from the quadratic behavior as expected at very low temperature. The true models giving a quantitative explanation of the results is still under consideration. The presence of tunneling two-level systems in amorphous materials could be one possible explanation for the high absolute value of specific heat that has been measured
Leclercq, Bérangère. "Etude de la conductivité thermique de matériaux à base de zircone : Relation avec la composition et la microstructure dans des systèmes binaires et ternaires." Limoges, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002LIMO0018.
Full textLeuliet, Jean-Claude. "Comportements hydraulique et thermique des échangeurs à plaques traitant des produits non-newtoniens." Nancy 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NAN10450.
Full textHingana, Hugues. "Contribution à l'étude des propriétés des plasmas à deux températures - application à l'argon et à l'air." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00567193.
Full textBlanc, Christophe. "Nanoscale structuration effects on phonon transport at low temperatures." Thesis, Grenoble, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013GRENY079/document.
Full textThis PhD entitled "Nanoscale structuration effect on the phonon transport at low temperature" take place for three years in the Thermodynamique et Biophysique des Petits Systèmes of the Institut Néel.The context of this PhD is to understand and control the heat transport in samples with variations at the nanoscale. These samples were mostly suspended silicon nanowires. The production was performed in the Néel Institute. During these three years, three important results have been demonstrated.First, we verify that heat transport is not dominated by an effect due to the contact between the suspended nanowire and the thermal bath. This has been demonstrated by the agreement between the measurements and the model called Casimir-Ziman. It was also mainly verified with wires whose junction to the thermal bath has been adapted to allow transmission close to unity. These profiles nanowires have the same thermal conductance as a nanowire with abrupt junction to the thermal bath. This proves that the transmission is always close to 1.Then measurements on nanowires whose section is corrugated have shown a reduction in thermal conductance. This reduction is explained by the presence of backscatter phonons at the surface, resulting in a large reduction of their mean free path. Thus, the phonons in a smooth nanowire have a mean free path up to 9 times greater than in these corrugated nanowires. Simulations with the Monte-Carlo method also demonstrate this effect.If these first results were achieved for monocrystalline silicon nanowires, my last work has focused on the study sample of silicon nitride. This material is an amorphous one. Physics of heat transport in amorphous materials is not yet fully understood. However, measurements on these materials show a similar behavior, both qualitatively and quantitatively, for almost all amorphous materials. We have measured samples of different kinds, to see if this behavior was still valid when the sample size is reduced. The result of our measurements is that the size plays a role in transport. As in crystalline materials, the small sample size will limit the heat transport. However transport in low-dimensional samples shows the same behavior qualitatively as in bulk amorphous materials. This can help provide clues for understanding the heat transport in amorphous materials.In conclusion, this work has allowed me to make and measure the heat transport in different types of samples. The results allow a better knowledge of the phonon transport, thus helping to pave the way towards a better control of heat transport
Guillou, Francois. "Différents matériaux à effet magnétocalorique : Aspects fondamentaux et applicatifs." Phd thesis, Université de Caen, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00648672.
Full textAoulmi, Aïssa. "Contribution à l'étude des propriétés thermodynamiques des hydrocarbures polycycliques, aromatiques et des alcanes à longue chaine." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994INPL140N.
Full textKilian, Ondrej. "The lattice dynamics of lead chalcogenides." Thesis, Lille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LIL10081/document.
Full textWe present ab-initio phonon dispersion relations for the three lead chalcogenides PbS, PbSe, and PbTe. The acoustic branches are in very good agreement with inelastie neutron-seattering data. Also calculations of the specific heat give good agreement with experimental data. The pronounced minimum of the transverse-optical (TO) branch at Gamma due to the near ferroelectricity of the lead chalcogenides is qualitatively reproduced. ln addition, we find a pronounced dip in the longitudinal-optieal (LO) branch at Gamma. This dip was previously explained as the effect of "free carriers" due to the presence of impurities. The calculations demonstrate that it persists also in the case of pure lead chalcogenides. We explain the dip as a "near Kohn anomaly"which is associated with the small electronic band gap at the high-symmetry point L. We show that this band-gap can be reduced to zero upon compression of the crystal lattice constant by 1.8%. In this case, the conduction and valence bands at L display a linear crossing, the TO and LO mode at Gamma are degenerate, and a very pronounced Kohn anomaly in the LO mode occurs. Furthermore, we have given theoretical and computational support for the interpretation of the diameter dependence of the Raman spectra of lead selenide nanocrystals. The first order Raman peak at about 136cm-1 and its second order overtone at twice this wave number move up in energy with decreasing nanocrystal radius. We interpret this anomalous behavior in terms of quantum confinement of the longitudinal optical (LO) phonon. This interpretation is validated by ab-initio calculations of the phonons of PbSe slabs with up to fifteen layers, taking into account the effects of dielectric embedding. The LO mode perpendicular to the slab shifts indeed upwards with decreasing layer thickness. Our work provides the starting point for the investigation of electron-phonon coupling in bulk and nanocrystalline lead chalcogenides, which should help to better understand the photon absorption mechanisms and the use of these materials in light-harvesting and light-emitting devices
Charrier, Aurélia. "Cryoréfrigérateur à tube à gaz pulsé pour applications spatiales travaillant à basses températures (4K-10K)." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAI060.
Full textSome astrophysics missions embark infrared or X detectors which are cooled down to subkelvin temperatures using a cryogenic cooling system that features helium bath (like for the Herschel satellite) or a Joule-Thomson cryocooler (like for the Planck satellite) for the precooling of the subkelvin cooling stage. A pulse tube cold finger which would have the same performances as a Joule-Thomson cryocooler could offer some advantages for future cryogenic chains (no need of precooling, simplicity of integration, increased reliability).The goal of this PhD is the making and the study of a pulse tube cold finger working at temperature around 4K which could replace a Joule-Thomson cryocooler. Two main lines have been worked on simultaneously : studies on materials for the cold regenerator and studies on the cold finger performances. Technological developments on the cold regenerator (including study and shaping of different materials with specific heat anomalies at low temperature) have been performed to enhance the performances of a cold finger working at high frequency (30Hz) with helium 4.The work done during this PhD led to the best no-load temperature never achieved using helium 4 and with a precooling of 20K. A no-load temperature of 3.86K has been obtained and 25mW of cooling power are available at 5K. In addition the effect of real gas on the cryorefrigerator operation has been studied in particular thanks to the measurement of regenerator thermal profiles. Five configurations with different regenerator fillings (variation of the distribution of the specific heat along the cold regenerator) have been tested. These five tests led to a better understanding of the role of the distribution of the specific heat in the regenerator. These measurements have been completed with studies of regenerator wall temperature fluctuations recorded thanks to a fast data acquisition system (each millisecond)
Leduc, Caroles. "Réseaux corporels sans fil en ondes millimétriques : antenne, propagation et interaction avec le corps." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015REN1S084/document.
Full textThe 60-GHz frequency band has been identified recently as attractive for body centric wireless communication development. Indeed, this band has several key advantages compared to lower frequency bands as high data rates above 7 Gbit/s, low risks of interference with neighboring wireless networks and compact devices. With the development of the future 5th generation of mobile networks in the millimeter-wave band, the number of BAN applications at 60 GHz should increase. To avoid health effects and protect user against an electromagnetic exposure of BAN devices at 60 GHz, the reduction of the coupling between human body and antennas, as well as the evaluation and quantification of exposure are main research aspect of the thesis. The main thesis contributions are divided in three parts: a quantification of antenna design effects on the interactions between human body and antennas; a study of tools and methods used to assess thermal effects due to 60 GHz exposure on a skin-equivalent phantom; and a new dosimetric and thermal approach to evaluate interaction between human body and BAN antennas at 60 GHz
Méasson, Marie-Aude. "La skutterudite PrOs4Sb12 : supraconductivité et corrélations." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00012062.
Full textde la masse des quasi-particules, la nature et le mécanisme à l'origine de la supraconductivité et la nature intrinsèque ou extrinsèque de la double transition supraconductrice vue en chaleur spécifique.
Nous proposons une interpolation de la chaleur spécifique en phase normale en tenant compte des interactions magnétiques entre ions Pr. Nous extrayons alors un terme électronique de chaleur spécifique compris entre 300 et 750mJ/K2.mol(Pr). L'analyse du saut en chaleur spécifique à la transition supraconductrice confirme que les quasi-particules lourdes sont impliquées dans la supraconductivité et que la supraconductivité est en régime de couplage fort. Des caractérisations systématiques par chaleur spécifique, résistivité et susceptibilité indiquent que la double transition apparaît dans les meilleurs échantillons. Néanmoins nous apportons les premiers doutes sérieux sur sa nature intrinsèque, parce que nous avons trouvé plusieurs échantillons avec une unique transition étroite et parce qu'une forte dispersion dans la valeur du rapport des deux sauts en chaleur spécifique a été mise en évidence. De plus, en établissant les diagrammes de phase supraconducteurs sous champ magnétique et sous pression jusqu'à 4.2 GPa par chaleur spécifique alternative, nous montrons que les deux transitions
supraconductrices Tc1 et Tc2 présentent des comportements similaires. Nous avançons l'hypothèse que le fort changement dans l'évolution des Tc sous pression au dessus de 2 GPa est dû à un changement de nature de la supraconductivité (impliquant des fluctuations puis uniquement phononique à respectivement basse et haute pression) en lien avec l'augmentation du gap de champ cristallin des ions Pr sous pression. L'analyse du second champ critique Hc2(T) montrent la présence d'au moins deux bandes supraconductrices et conclue à la nature singulet du spin des paires de Cooper. Une forte distorsion du réseau de vortex, constante avec le champ et la température, est obtenue par diffraction de neutrons. Des mesures supplémentaires ou un nouveau calcul seraient nécessaires pour trancher entre une explication basée sur la présence de zéros dans le gap supraconducteur et une analyse basée sur la topologie de la surface de Fermi en symétrie Th.
Devoille, Laurent. "Contribution à l'étude des composés magnétiques isolants quasi-unidimensionnels CuGeO3 et NaV2O5 par mesures thermiques." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000GRE10141.
Full textAliane, Abdelkader. "Développement de bolomètre refroidi à 0,1 K pour une détection X dans la gamme 100 eV – 10 keV." Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00387573.
Full textBennani, Faïçal. "Contribution à l'étude des solutions solides ternaires antiferromagnétiques." Nancy 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987NAN10039.
Full textPourtier, Emilie. "Les lanthanides dans les fluides géologiques : étude expérimentale des propriétés thermodynamiques standard et des solubilités." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00133813.
Full textDe nouvelles PTS (volumes et capacités calorifiques molaires apparentes) des Ln3+ ont été déterminées jusqu'à 300°C et 300 bars à l'aide d'un densimètre à tube vibrant et d'un calorimètre différentiel à écoulement, en utilisant des solutions de triflates de (La3+, Nd3+, Gd3+, Yb3+). L'anion triflate (CF3SO3), stable à haute température, ne complexe pas avec Ln3+. Les PTS de HCF3SO3 et de NaCF3SO3 sont mesurées pour obtenir les PTS de CF3SO3.
D'autre part la solubilité du pôle pur de la monazite (NdPO4) étudiée entre 300°C et 800°C, à 2 kbars, dans H20 et H20+NaCl, par perte de masse et par dilution isotopique, est prograde pour des pH neutres. L'étude de la spéciation de Nd3+ à 650°C et à 300°C, à 2 kbars, montre que seules les espèces hydroxylées sont présentes.
Ces données permettent la révision des paramètres de Ln3+ dans le modèle HKF.
Martinni, Ramos de Oliveira Henrique. "Etude des couplages thermomécaniques dans des fils super-élastiques nanostructurés nickel-titane." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAI069/document.
Full textThis PhD thesis is an experimental study of the thermomechanical superelastic behaviour of a Ti-50.9Ni at.% Ni Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) nanocrystalline thin wire (diameter 0.5 mm), in a Cold Worked (CW) state. SMAs are capable of inducing important temperature change when they are mechanically loaded. This phenomenon is due to an important thermomechanical coupling present in this solid phase transformation between Austenite (A) and Martensite (M) phases. The latent heat per unit of mass (∆H) throughout the phase transformation is the energy responsible of this temperature variation. The determination of ∆H is generally performed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). However, for nanocrystalline SMAs, the obtained DSC results are non conclusive on the determination of this property.In this work, a method using digital image correlation (DIC) and thermal field measurements (TFM) was used to analyse the thermomechanical couplings during a stress induced phase transformation (SIPT). Kinematics and thermal full fields were acquired during superelastic tensile tests performed on the CW NiTi wire submitted to different heat treatments temperatures (HTT) ranging from 523 to 598 K during 30 min. Such a heat treatment at low temperature promoted a fully superelastic loop without stress plateau and no Lüders-like deformation. Assuming a uniform thermal model, the heat sources involved during the cyclic loading were estimated. This thermal power per unit of mass was compared to the mechanical one and integrated over the time to get energy balance. Further, through a thermodynamic analysis based on the Gibbs free energy, the values of ∆H, as well as the martensite fraction, were estimated during the forward A-M and reverse M-A phase transformations. The analysis of the results led to the following conclusions: (1) Thermal and mechanical powers and energies presented a significant dependence on the HTT. (2) Despite the strong effect of the values of the HTT on mechanical and thermal responses, the obtained ∆H were very close for all HTT and in the same range of values founded in the literature for a fully annealed Ti-50.9Ni at.% Ni alloy tested via DSC technique. (3) For a given strain, martensite fraction increases with increasing HTT. (4) For an imposed strain of 4.5%, the martensite fraction increases from 30% to 40% when increasing HTT from 523K to 598K
Lach, Adeline. "Modélisation thermodynamique des propriétés d’excѐs des saumures naturelles et industrielles." Thesis, Pau, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PAUU3021/document.
Full textNatural brines are water resources that are increasingly sought and used by industrialists both to produce drinking water (e.g. seawater desalinisation) or retrieve economically exploitable substances (lithium, potassium, magnesium, silica, etc.). Industrial brines are often used in various processes as coolants or in ore processing (phosphorus, alumina, etc.). However, the thermodynamic properties of these complex aqueous solutions differ somewhat from those of so-called "ideal" diluted aqueous solutions. Specific calculation methods must therefore be used to determine these properties. This study focuses on calculating the thermodynamic excess properties of these systems (osmotic coefficient, heat capacity, density, etc.). All of these depend on the derivative of the excess Gibbs free energy (G^ex) in relation to the concentration of dissolved salt, temperature or pressure. A literature survey of thermodynamic models capable of calculating excess Gibbs free energy was done and the Pitzer model was chosen to describe the excess properties of a system containing c cations, a anions and n neutral species. Thermal and volumetric properties were determined for a system containing neutral species and these were then added to PhreeqC, a geochemical model that makes it possible to calculate the osmotic coefficient, water activity, and the activity coefficient. The resulting model, PhreeSCALE, now makes it possible, when the Pitzer interaction parameters are known, to calculate excess properties such as the osmotic coefficient, the heat capacity, and the density of a brine, taking into account the precise speciation of the solution. If the interaction parameters must be determined, PhreeSCALE can be coupled with optimisation software to determine new parameter sets based on properties measured in solution. The applications of this study are based on several systems that are either industrial or natural brines. The NaOH-H2O system was chosen because of its high salinities in water (up to 29 mol.kgw-1 at 25 °C). To best represent all of the properties over the entire range of concentrations, the partial dissociation of the NaOH species had to be considered. The other systems studied are chloride brines, which are more like natural brines. A multi-step approach made it possible to determine the interaction parameters for five binary systems (NaCl, KCl, CaCl2, MgCl2, and BaCl2). Ternary systems and one quinary system made up of all five electrolytes were then studied. In each case, the heat capacity and the density were determined. Charts taking into account temperature and pressure conditions were drawn for the NaCl-H2O system
TSOBNANG, François. "Étude des phases onde de densité de spin induites par le champ magnétique dans les conducteurs organiques quasi-unidimensionnels : rôle du désordre." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 1991. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00002745.
Full textEl, Hafid Moulay El Hassan. "Cristallogenèse exploratoire, structure cristalline et propriétés physiques des deux nouveaux composés dans le système PbO-Fe2O3-P2O5." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR14867/document.
Full textA new oxyphosphate compound PbFe3O(PO4)3 has been discovered. Its crystal structure was characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD) between 293 and 973 K (monoclinic symmetry P 21/m, a = 7.5826 Å, b = 6.3759 Å, c = 10.4245 Å and = 99.956 °, Z = 2, at room temperature). DC magnetic susceptibility and specific heat measurements performed on single crystals unveiled an unusual sequence of second order ferromagnetic-like phase transitions at Tc1 = 31.8 K, T2 = 23.4 K and Tc3 ~ 10 K. AC magnetic susceptibility suggests a glassy-like dynamics between ~ 20 K and Tc3. A first extraction of the critical exponents (β,γ,δ) was performed by ac magnetic susceptibility in both PbFe3O(PO4)3 powders and single crystals and the values were found to be consistent with mean-field theory.AFe3O(PO4)3 (A= Ca, Sr and Pb) powder compounds were studied by means of X-Ray diffraction (XRD), from 300 to 6 K in the case of A=Pb, electron-probe microanalysis (EPMA) coupled with wavelength dispersion spectroscopy (WDS), Raman and diffuse reflectance spectroscopies, specific heat and magnetic properties measurements. Magnetization, magnetic susceptibility and specific heat measurements carried out on AFe3O(PO4)3 (A= Ca, Sr and Pb) powders firmly establish a series of three ferromagnetic (FM)-like second order phase transitions spanned over the 32 – 8 K temperature range. Diffuse reflectance measurements reveal two broad absorption bands at 1047 and 837 nm, in both PbFe3O(PO4)3 and SrFe3O(PO4)3 powders, with peak cross sections ~10-20 cm2 typical of spin-forbidden and forced electric dipole transitions.Further exploration of the PbO-Fe2O3-P2O5 system led to the discovery of a new langbeinite phase, Pb3Fe4(PO4)6, the crystal structure of which was solved by room temperature single crystal XRD (P 21 3, Z=4, a=9,7831(2) Å). This phase does not undergo any structural phase transition down to 6 K nor any kind of long range ordering down to 2 K