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Books on the topic 'Challenge formulation'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 1 August 2025

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1

Askari, Hossein, Zamir Iqbal, and Abbas Mirakhor. Challenges in Economic and Financial Policy Formulation. Palgrave Macmillan US, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137381996.

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2

Mohan Rao, Tingirikari Jagan, Rajesh K. Kesharwani, Raj K. Keservani, and Anil K. Sharma. Formulations, Regulations, and Challenges of Nutraceuticals. Apple Academic Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003412496.

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3

Shah, Sayed Mohammed. Afghanistan National Development Strategy (ANDS) formulation process: Influencing factors and challenges. Edited by Garner Robyn and Afghanistan Research and Evaluation Unit. Afghanistan Research and Evaluation Unit, 2009.

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4

Shah, Sayed Mohammed. Afghanistan national development strategy (ANDS) formulation process: Influencing factors and challenges. Edited by Garner Robyn and Afghanistan Research and Evaluation Unit. Afghanistan Research and Evaluation Unit, 2009.

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5

Robyn, Garner, and Afghanistan Research and Evaluation Unit, eds. Afghanistan National Development Strategy (ANDS) formulation process: Influencing factors and challenges. Afghanistan Research and Evaluation Unit, 2009.

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6

Downer, RA, JC Mueninghoff, and GC Volgas, eds. Pesticide Formulations and Delivery Systems: Meeting the Challenges of the Current Crop Protection Industry. ASTM International, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/stp1430-eb.

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7

Grigor'ev, Leonid, Igor' Makarov, Aleksandr Kurdin, et al. The world economy in a period of great turmoil. INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1858585.

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The monograph is devoted to the main trends in the development of the world economy between the two crises: The Great Recession of 2008-2009 and the crisis of 2020-2021 caused by the coronavirus pandemic. The authors reveal numerous contradictions that accumulated in the global economy during this period and reached their peak by the time the pandemic began. These contradictions are grouped into four groups corresponding to the sections: structural problems affecting the nature of economic growth; contradictions in the development of the financial system; problems of social development and the

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8

Ras al-Khaimah Medical and Health Scienc. Nasal Drug Delivery: Formulations, Developments, Challenges, and Solutions. Springer International Publishing AG, 2023.

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9

Iqbal, Z., H. Askari, and A. Mirakhor. Challenges in Economic and Financial Policy Formulation: An Islamic Perspective. Palgrave Macmillan, 2014.

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10

Iqbal, Z., H. Askari, and A. Mirakhor. Challenges in Economic and Financial Policy Formulation: An Islamic Perspective. Palgrave Macmillan, 2014.

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11

Challenges in Economic and Financial Policy Formulation: An Islamic Perspective. Palgrave Macmillan, 2014.

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12

Williams, Andrew. Liberty, Equality, and Property. Edited by John S. Dryzek, Bonnie Honig, and Anne Phillips. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199548439.003.0027.

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This article describes the influence of under-acknowledged assumptions about property rights, akin to those more frequently associated with John Rawls' foremost libertarian critic, Robert Nozick, on the debate concerning liberty and equality. It shows that Nozick's challenge to egalitarians has played an important role in Ronald Dworkin's alternative statement of liberal egalitarianism and indirectly influenced later non-Rawlsian egalitarianisms. The article also discusses Rawls's initial formulation of the so-called luck-sharing project.

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13

Shah, Jigna, Mithun Singh Rajput, and Tejal Mehta. Targeted Therapy for Central Nervous System: Formulation, Clinical Challenges and Regulatory Strategies. Elsevier Science & Technology Books, 2024.

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14

Shah, Jigna, Mithun Singh Rajput, and Tejal Mehta. Targeted Therapy for Central Nervous System: Formulation, Clinical Challenges and Regulatory Strategies. Elsevier Science & Technology, 2024.

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15

Lindvall, Daniel. Democracy and the Challenge of Climate Change. International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31752/idea.2021.88.

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Climate change actions in democracies face perceived challenges such as short-term bias in decision-making, policy capture or inconsistency, weak accountability mechanisms and the permeability of the policy-making process to interests adverse to fighting climate change through the role of money in politics. Apart from its intrinsic value to citizens, democracy also brings critical advantages in formulating effective climate policy, such as representative parliaments which can hold governments to account, widespread civic participation, independent media and a free flow of information, the acti

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16

Calija, Bojan. Microsized and Nanosized Carriers for Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs: Formulation Challenges and Potential Benefits. Elsevier Science & Technology Books, 2017.

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17

Čalija, Bojan. Microsized and Nanosized Carriers for Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs: Formulation Challenges and Potential Benefits. Elsevier Science & Technology Books, 2017.

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18

Baggett, David. Moral Arguments (actually R1 to Rn). Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190842215.003.0016.

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This chapter quickly summarizes the contours of an abductive moral argument for God’s existence. The specific moral phenomenon in question here is moral duty or obligation, Plantinga’s preferred variant for this sort of argument, considering it to be the moral fact most resistant to naturalistic analysis. Noting the distinctive features of moral obligations without domesticating or watering them down enables one to see that the best explanation needs to be more robust than what naturalistic sources alone are likely to generate. The chapter gives two versions of the argument, the deductive vers

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19

Shire, Steven. Monoclonal Antibodies: Meeting the Challenges in Manufacturing, Formulation, Delivery and Stability of Final Drug Product. Elsevier Science & Technology, 2015.

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20

Shire, Steven. Monoclonal Antibodies: Meeting the Challenges in Manufacturing, Formulation, Delivery and Stability of Final Drug Product. Elsevier Science & Technology, 2015.

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21

Pesticide Formulations and Delivery Systems: Meeting the Current Challenges of the Current Protection Industry. ASTM International, 2003.

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22

Como, David R. Freeborn Subjects. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199541911.003.0002.

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This chapter provides an overview of the ideas and organizational ligatures that emerged by the 1630s to challenge the policies of Charles I’s personal rule. The chapter outlines some of the striking political ideas put forward by members of the “puritan triumvirate.” It also surveys the various ecclesiological alternatives championed by more rigorous puritans as alternatives to the existing episcopal and ceremonial order. Finally, it surveys the networks of clandestine print and distribution, centered in the Netherlands and anchored by sectarian puritans, which were responsible for disseminat

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23

Attanasio, John. The Carolene Products Paradigm of Participatory Democracy. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190847029.003.0004.

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Carolene Products embraced judicial responsibility of ensuring that everyone has a fair say in the formulation of public policy, including the distribution of societal resources. The case discusses protecting the key political rights of speaking and voting. In positioning itself as the referee over politics, the Court assumed the daunting challenge of fashioning a theory of democracy. Key to this has been the weak libertarian paradigm of free speech, which prohibits government censorship of speech. In essence, it requires: “Government generally cannot stop me from saying whatever I want to say

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24

Takim, Liyakat. Shi'ism Revisited. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197606575.001.0001.

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Contemporary Muslims face the challenge of how a legal system that was formulated in the classical period of Islam can respond to the multitudinous challenges that present-day Muslims encounter. Is there a need for reformation in Islam? If so, where should it begin and in which direction should it proceed? Addressing this gap in Western scholarship, and contributing to the ongoing debate in Islamic scholarship, Shi‘ism Revisited: Ijtihad and Reformation in Contemporary Times (1) explores how modernity has impinged on the classical formulation of Islamic law, and (2) analyzes how Shi‘i jurists

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25

BLOM-HANSEN, JENS, ANNE SKORKJÃR BINDERKRANTZ, MARTIN BÃKGAARD, DANIEL FINKE, ROMAN SENNINGER, and SÃREN SERRITZLEW. Policy Preparation Inside the European Commission. Oxford University PressOxford, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1093/9780198907961.001.0001.

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Abstract Policy Preparation Inside the European Commission is a study of policy formulation in the EU. It focuses on the Commission, which is at the heart of the EU. However, over the past 15–20 years, its position has been challenged. This is due to the growing influence of the European Council, the increased powers of the European Parliament, and the introduction of European agencies. This has led some observers to believe that the Commission’s role and influence are diminishing. However, other observers argue that the Commission remains a highly significant institution. This book qualifies

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26

Jones, Charles O. 5. Connecting to and Leading the Government. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780195307016.003.0005.

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The Founders were aware of the need for leadership but wary of the ease of control. Presidents face challenges as they endeavor to meet expectations of leadership beyond given powers. ‘Connecting to and Leading the Government’ shows how the presidency manages the organizations and expenditure of government, a task that has grown in complexity and intensity over time. To whom or what must presidents connect? The federal government is intricately connected to governance in the fifty states and thousands of localities. Bureaucrats learn to serve presidents and their associates. The challenge for

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27

Cummings, Jeffrey, and Kate Zhong. Promise and Challenges in Drug Development and Assessment for Cognitive Enhancers. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190214401.003.0001.

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Cognitive disturbances are ubiquitous in neurologic and psychiatric disorders. Schizophrenia, depression, developmental disorders, acquired brain disorders (traumatic brain injury and stroke), and neurodegenerative disorders all have cognitive impairment as a manifestation. Cognitive enhancers can improve intellectual function and have been approved for Alzheimer’s dementia, dementia of Parkinson’s disease, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Cognitive enhancers are being developed for other cognitive disorders. There are many advantages for development of symptomatic cognitive enhan

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28

Jones, Charles O. 5. Connecting to and leading the government. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780190458201.003.0005.

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Presidents face numerous challenges as they endeavor to meet expectations of leadership beyond given powers. “Connecting to and leading the government” shows how the presidency manages the many organizations and expenditures of government, a task that has grown in size, complexity, and intensity over time. To whom or what must presidents connect? The many cabinet departments and major agencies are described along with the roles of the inner circle—key advisers and assistants, the vice president, and the first spouse. The federal government is intricately connected to governance in the fifty st

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29

Sudarshan, R. Public Policy as a Practice. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199480654.003.0017.

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This chapter attempts to relate the pedagogy of public policy to the concept of practice articulated by Alasdair MacIntyre. It first discusses the challenges of establishing public policy as a discipline in India where it has been long assumed that only those employed in government need to acquire skills and knowledge essential for policy formulation, and also, by definition, all policies made by government must be in the public interest. This assumption is being challenged in recent times opening up the possibility of fashioning a pedagogy for public policy. In the quest for a philosophy of p

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30

Bare, Daniel R. Black Fundamentalists. NYU Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9781479803262.001.0001.

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Emerging in the midst of the Jim Crow era, American Protestant fundamentalism has often been presented as a white movement. But did this major religious perspective really stop cold in its tracks at the color line? This book challenges the idea that fundamentalism was an exclusively white phenomenon by examining voices from the black community that embraced the doctrinal tenets of the movement and explicitly self-identified as fundamentalists. Many black Protestants reflected the same concerns, attitudes, and arguments as did their white fundamentalist counterparts, even as the oppressive hand

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31

Gross, Wendy L., Lebron Cooper, Robert T. Faillace, Douglas C. Shook, Suanne M. Daves, and Robert M. Savage. New Challenges for Anesthesiologists Outside of the Operating Room: The Cardiac Catheterization and Electrophysiology Laboratories. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190495756.003.0022.

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Invasive cardiology procedures have changed dramatically over the past 5–10 years. With technological advancement, diagnostic and therapeutic procedures have become broader in scope and complexity, and patient acuity has escalated dramatically. In parallel, the involvement of anesthesiologists has grown. In this chapter, we present an overview of the laboratory environment(s), the evolution and future pathways of current practice(s), cases performed in each venue, and current anesthetic approaches. In this new and changing arena, collaboration and planning between cardiologists and anesthesiol

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32

Keltz, B. Kyle. Bringing Good Even Out of Evil. Lexington Books, 2022. https://doi.org/10.5040/9781666985320.

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The question of whether the existence of evil in the world is compatible with the existence of an all-knowing, all-powerful, all-good God has been debated for centuries. Many have addressed classical arguments from evil, and while recent scholarship in analytic philosophy of religion has produced newer formulations of the problem, most of these newer formulations rely on a conception of God that is not held by all theists. In Bringing Good Even Out of Evil: Thomism and the Problem of Evil, B. Kyle Keltz defends classical theism against contemporary problems of evil through the philosophy of Th

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33

Daley, Dennis C., and Antoine B. Douaihy. Managing Substance Use Disorder. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med-psych/9780190926717.001.0001.

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This practitioner guide reviews screening, assessment, and treatment of substance use disorders (SUDs). It is designed to accompany Managing Your Substance Use Disorder: Client Workbook and A Family Guide to Coping with Substance Use Disorders. The latter guide was added because each person with a SUD affects the family and concerned significant others. The information and strategies that the authors present can be used with clients who have any type of SUD. The guide focuses on strategies to reduce or stop substance use and change behaviors that challenge recovery. The information presented i

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34

Celkyte, Aiste. The Stoic Theory of Beauty. Edinburgh University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474461610.001.0001.

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The monograph aims to show that the Stoa, an ancient Greek philosophical school, made a substantial line of enquiry into the nature of aesthetic properties, and thus there are good reasons to analyse and discuss the sub-field of the Stoic thought that could be called ‘Stoic aesthetics.’ This study of Stoic views on beauty begins with the question of indifferents and the challenge it poses for aesthetics. The controversial Stoic theory of values states that ‘beauty’ is one of the so-called indifferents, that is, the things that do not contribute to human happiness and therefore ought not to be

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35

Zanchetta, Margareth Santos, Marcelo Medeiros, Kateryna Metersky, Walterlânia Silva Santos, Christian Mésenge, and Moussa Issa Lessa. Investigação Qualitativa e o Desafio Digital // Qualitative Research and the Digital Challenge. Ludomedia, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36367/ntqr.10.2021-e514.

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Framework- In the context of the need for the production of knowledge in low- and middle-income countries, as well as in high-income countries with their socially vulnerable populations and the concomitant, minimal availability of funding for international research, university researchers should innovate. Goal- Discuss critical methodological issues in the process of designing and implementing international online survey research. This is done in the context of responding to the need for innovation in data collection tools to expand their responsiveness to the international field and the parti

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36

Bjork, Stephanie R. Clan and Cultural Intimacy. University of Illinois Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252040931.003.0001.

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This chapter provides an overview of Somali kinship studies and discusses why such studies have become marginalized within Somali studies. It is argued that cultural intimacy explains the intricacies that shape Somalis’ contestation of clan and the cultural intimacy of clan inhibits scholarship. A practice theory approach to clan is outlined and Bourdieu’s formulation of social capital serves as a foundation for understanding how clan is experienced and employed. The chapter discusses Somalis’ initial movement to Finland as accidental and later movement as a strategy to access benefits of the

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37

Levesque, Roger J. R. Legal Rationales Relating to School Segregation and Diversity. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190633639.003.0003.

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This chapter details how the legal system applies the legal developments to racial classifications, with a focus on school diversity and segregation. That analysis centers on the extent to which the government retains a compelling interest to assert a need for differential treatment and the extent to which the government’s actions reach the intended goals of furthering that compelling interest. To do so, the analysis proceeds in two directions, which reveal how the legal system raises questions that readily lend themselves to empirical formulations. The chapter concludes by presenting some of

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38

van Schaik, BM. Defaming the Freedom of Religion or Belief. Hart Publishing, 2025. https://doi.org/10.5040/9781509980499.

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This book explores the intricate terrain of international religious freedom discourse. It examines the evolution and controversies surrounding the formulation and interpretation of the freedom of religion or belief as a universal right within the United Nations. From legal and philosophical standpoints to the political dimensions of the subject, the book navigates through the complex terrain, shedding light on challenges to the universality and non-discriminatory implementation of this fundamental freedom. Beyond theoretical and legal debates, the study reveals how actors within the United Nat

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39

Madan, Tanvi. Officialdom. Edited by David M. Malone, C. Raja Mohan, and Srinath Raghavan. Oxford University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198743538.013.17.

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India’s interaction with other states today involves a range of subjects beyond traditional diplomacy, including those in the economic, energy, environment, defence, and diaspora realms. Consequently, the officialdom at the central level involved in the formulation, approval, and implementation of foreign policy includes a number of actors. For these official Indian actors, a number of factors have made foreign policy-making more complicated than it was in the past. This chapter outlines these factors. It also examines the various actors involved in the Indian foreign policy process, providing

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40

Scott, David. The Indian Ocean as India’s Ocean. Edited by David M. Malone, C. Raja Mohan, and Srinath Raghavan. Oxford University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198743538.013.34.

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This chapter discusses India’s role in the Indian Ocean and the role that the Indian Ocean plays in Indian foreign policy. In effect this represents a ‘look south’ policy for developing India’s sea power in its extended neighbourhood. Six sections look in turn at India’s official frameworks, geopolitics and geoeconomics, location and oceanic holdings, blue-water naval projective capabilities, diplomatic position in the Indian Ocean, and relations with extra-regional powers. The chapter concludes by looking beyond the present into the near future where India will probably maintain and extend it

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41

Dougherty, Deborah. Enacting Skillful Research Performance through Abductive Reasoning. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198806639.003.0003.

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Few outsiders pay attention to organization and management research, suggesting we need to enhance our skillful research performance. We are uniquely able to address grand challenges that societies face since all involve organizing, but we fail to deliver on our capabilities because we focus instead on filling small gaps in our own theories, and we use constricted notions of rigor. This chapter develops one way to enact skillful research that contributes to resolving grand challenges rather than just extending our own theories. Enacting skillful research performance relies on abductive reasoni

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42

Viveros Vigoya, Mara. Sex/Gender. Edited by Lisa Disch and Mary Hawkesworth. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199328581.013.42.

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This chapter examines the construction of the modern concept of “gender” and its distinct uses and formulations in relation to the categories “sex” and “sexuality.” It presents the main debates within international feminism concerning gender as a theoretical and political project. In particular, the article explores diverse ways in which gender has been differentiated from or opposed to sex; the meanings that “gender difference” came to bear during the 1960s and the 1970s; the place that men and masculinities have occupied in theories of gender; the borders that separate and link gender with s

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43

Mastroianni, George R. Social Psychology. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190638238.003.0009.

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Chapter 9 examines social-psychological approaches to understanding the Holocaust. Since Stanley Milgram’s obedience experiments were published in the early 1960s, social-psychological formulations based on obedience and social influence have dominated the psychology of the Holocaust. There is also a significant critical literature that challenges some of the findings and interpretation of Milgram and Phillip Zimbardo as they apply to the Holocaust. Social cognition is the study of thinking as situated in a social milieu and offers a fruitful framework for considering the ways Germans thought

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44

Dalvinder, Singh. 1 Recovery and Resolution Planning: Reconfiguring Financial Regulation and Supervision. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198754411.003.0001.

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This chapter analyses the impact of recovery and resolution planning on the regulation and supervision of financial institutions. It argues that recovery and resolution planning places issues associated with crisis prevention and resolvability at the forefront of regulation and supervision rather than at the tail end. However, one challenge associated with this requirement is the level of discretion authorities have with regards to the technical requirements associated with formulating and reviewing the plans. The chapter explores the extent to which that discretion is structured and assisted

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45

Jackson, Sue. Indigenous Peoples and Water Justice in a Globalizing World. Edited by Ken Conca and Erika Weinthal. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199335084.013.5.

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Indigenous peoples confront challenges that constrain their ability to bargain for secure and remunerative livelihoods based on water and to participate in decisions that govern water allocation, use, and management. Water governance systems at all scales have failed to provide sufficient recognition, respect, and autonomy for indigenous laws, values, aspirations, and water-use practices and continue to discriminate against indigenous norms. Describing the water injustices experienced by indigenous communities, this essay charts the means by which indigenous peoples assert their water rights a

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46

McManus, Freda. Cognitive Behavioural Therapy: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780198755272.001.0001.

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Cognitive Behavioural Therapy: A Very Short Introduction focuses on cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT). It outlines the range of therapies that share a model of cognition and behaviour that are central in understanding and resolving psychological distress. It also provides an overview of what CBT is, how it developed, and what it is used for. The processes of assessment and formulation are outlined before looking at the main techniques used in CBT protocols for common mental health problems such as anxiety and depression. This VSI discusses recent developments in CBT such as third wave approach

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47

Ferdinand, Peter. 10. Political Parties. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hepl/9780198704386.003.0011.

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This chapter deals with political parties: why they emerged, how they can be classified, what functions they perform, how they interact, and what challenges they are facing today. One of the paradoxes about democracies is that there is almost a unanimous consensus about the indispensability of political parties. On the other hand, the benefits of being a member of a political party are bound to be minuscule compared to the costs of membership. Thus it is irrational for people to join parties. They should only form (small) interest groups. The chapter first provides a historical background on t

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48

Graham, Christopher D. Investigating the psychology of assistive device use in ALS: Suggestions for improving adherence and engagement. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198757726.003.0012.

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In ALS, assistive devices—such as wheelchairs, augmentative, and alternative communication devices (AAC) and environmental controls—are often used to compensate for the functional impairments caused by the condition. These devices may help maintain meaningful functioning and help preserve quality of life. Yet adherence to and uptake of such devices is sub-optimal. Drawing on the literature from ALS and other diseases, this chapters explores the psychosocial challenges of assistive device use, and factors that might affect usage—cognitive impairment and mood, threats to identity, social context

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49

Bream, Victoria, Fiona Challacombe, Asmita Palmer, and Paul Salkovskis. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy for Obsessive-compulsive Disorder. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med-psych/9780198703266.001.0001.

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Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) can be a very disabling and distressing problem. Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) has been shown to be very effective in helping people to overcome OCD. OCD is a highly heterogeneous disorder, often complicated by contextual factors, and therapists are often left wondering how to apply their knowledge of treatment to the particular problems as they face them in clinical practice. This book guides the reader through understanding the background to and principles of using CBT for OCD in a clear practical ‘how to’ style. It also elucidates the particular cha

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50

Hansen, Esther, Jennifer Barsky Reese, and Justin Grayer. Body Image and Couples. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190655617.003.0015.

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Abstract: Body image concerns can create challenges in a cancer survivor’s partnered relationship, and aspects of this relationship can influence how a survivor copes with body image concerns. This chapter describes both research and clinical interventions focusing on couples experiencing body image distress associated with cancer and its treatment. First, the chapter reviews observational and couple-based intervention research relevant to the problem of body image distress and the partnered relationship. Next, it offers an overview of conceptual principles relevant to couple-based clinical ap

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