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Books on the topic 'Challenges; Individual perspective'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 4 February 2022

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1

Schneider, Florian, ed. Global Perspectives on China's Belt and Road Initiative. Amsterdam University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789463727853.

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The year 2013 saw the launch of the largest, most influential investment initiative in recent memory: China's Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). This globe-spanning strategy has reshaped local economies and regional networks, and it has become a contested subject for scholars and practitioners alike. How should we make sense of the complex interactions that the BRI has enabled? Understanding these processes requires truly global perspectives alongside careful attention to the role that local actors play in giving shape to individual BRI projects. The contributions in Global Perspectives on China'

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2

Sheelagh, Brady. Part V Procedural and Technological Challenges for the Investigation of TOC—Policing, Technological Aspects, Efficiency, Exchange of Information, Abuse of Power, and Tactics for Conducting Investigations, 22 Policing TOC—The National Perspective: Challenges, Strategies, Tactics. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198733737.003.0022.

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At first sight, transnational organised crime (TOC) and international criminal law (ICL) are completely separate: the four ICL core crimes constitute the most heinous crimes, committed by political and military leaders of armed conflicts, whereas TOC as lower-level deviance being committed by private individuals falls short of that. This chapter takes a closer look at this relationship and discovers the lines between these two areas to be blurred: because, as international crimes, they have already been discussed in that context (e.g. while drafting the Rome Statute), and nowadays TOC can even

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3

Mińska-Struzik, Ewa, and Barbara Jankowska, eds. Towards the „new normal” after COVID-19 – a post-transition economy perspective. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego w Poznaniu, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18559/978-83-8211-061-6.

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Toward the „new normal” after Covid-19 – a post-transition economy perspective contains a collection of 21 papers addressing the societal, political, economic, and managerial challenges of the post-pandemic world. The book is divided into three parts. Part one touches on the supranational and national level aspects of the Covid-19 pandemic. Part two focuses on business sectors and industries, whereas part three provides the perspective of companies. Authors – researchers from the PUEB’s Institute of International Business and Economics – share their research results, voice concerns, and offer

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4

Ruiter, Stijn. Crime Location Choice. Edited by Wim Bernasco, Jean-Louis van Gelder, and Henk Elffers. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199338801.013.20.

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Crime is unevenly distributed in space. This chapter discusses the uneven spatial patterns in crime from an offender decision-making perspective. It describes the main theoretical perspectives in environmental criminology (the rational choice perspective, routine activity approach, and crime pattern theory) and reviews the empirical research with an emphasis on studies that have used a discrete spatial choice framework for analyzing individual crime location choices. The strength of the discrete spatial choice framework, several of its assumptions, and its link with random utility maximization

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Cicchetti, Dante. An Overview of Developmental Psychopathology. Edited by Philip David Zelazo. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199958474.013.0018.

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Historical origins of the field are reviewed and the meaning of a developmental psychopathology perspective is described. Definitional principles and conceptual issues of the field are discussed, and these parameters include (1) the mutual interplay between normality and psychopathology; (2) a multiple-levels-of-analysis and multidisciplinary approach; (3) developmental pathways to psychopathology and resilient functioning; (4) translational research; and (5) prevention and intervention. Examples are derived from research conducted with individuals at high risk for developing psychopathology a

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6

Montgomery, Erwin B. Medical Reasoning. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190912925.001.0001.

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Modern medicine is one of humankind’s greatest achievements. Yet medical errors and irreproducibility in biomedical research suggest something is amiss. Concerns have driven considerable and thoughtful critical analyses, but the apparent intransigence of these problems suggests a different perspective is needed. The perspective pursued in this book begins with the idea that the need for certainty in medical decision-making has been and remains the primary driving force in medical reasoning. Faced with the unique challenges of having to treat the individual patient, the great variety of manifes

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7

Wells, Kimberly J. Work–Family Initiatives from an Organizational Change Lens. Edited by Tammy D. Allen and Lillian T. Eby. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199337538.013.25.

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Viewed from a change lens, effective work–family policies and programs (e.g., flexible work options, leave policies, dependent care benefits) function as organizational change initiatives. Review of the work–family literature from the specific perspective afforded by a processual change framework especially discloses aspects of organizing that may facilitate or limit objectives of mainstreamed and sustainable work–family initiatives. Select examples from the literature are used to illustrate how scholars have incorporated critical change perspectives regarding context, substance, and politics.

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8

Hydén, Lars-Christer. Dementia. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199391578.003.0003.

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This chapter focuses on the changing brain of individuals living with dementia and the challenges produced by these changes. It is argued that to better understand what persons with changing brains can do as storytellers, together with other persons, it is necessary to add a social psychological perspective to more traditional psychological knowledge, which often is centered on a decontextualized individual and that person’s diseased brain. The chapter discusses the brain’s role in storytelling. Storytelling is a ubiquitous and important everyday activity, but also a very complex social activi

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9

de Keijser, Jan, Julian V. Roberts, and Jesper Ryberg, eds. Sentencing for Multiple Crimes. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190607609.001.0001.

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Most people assume that criminal offenders have only been convicted of a single crime. However, in reality almost half of offenders stand to be sentenced for more than one crime. The high proportion of multiple-crime offenders poses a number of practical and theoretical challenges for the criminal justice system. For instance, how should courts punish multiple offenders relative to individuals who have been sentenced for a single crime? Should a court simply determine a specific sentence for each individual crime and then impose the total sentences on the offender? If this happens, an offender

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10

Vail, Mark I. National Liberalisms in Historical Perspective. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190683986.003.0002.

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This chapter analyzes the development of French, German, and Italian liberalism from the nineteenth century to the 1980s, giving particular attention to each tradition’s conceptions of the role of the state and its relationship to groups and individual citizens. Using a broad range of historical source material and the works of influential political philosophers, it outlines the analytical frameworks central to French “statist liberalism,” German “corporate liberalism,” and Italian “clientelist liberalism.” It shows how these evolving traditions shaped the structure of each country’s postwar p

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11

Fairchild, Amy L., and Ron Bayer. Public Health with a Punch: Fear, Stigma, and Hard-Hitting Media Campaigns. Edited by Brenda Major, John F. Dovidio, and Bruce G. Link. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190243470.013.25.

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The conventional perspective that fear is a bad motivator for behavioral change, so critical to public health, is both an empirical observation and a moral judgment. This chapter challenges the belief that fear cannot work and is, indeed, counterproductive. The chapter then turns to the ethical debate, which for years was shaped by bioethics. The chapter concludes by arguing that the perspective of bioethics, so centrally concerned with the individual, provides an inadequate moral frame for thinking about fear-based campaigns. Instead, the chapter proposes the notion of public health ethics, w

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Michaelian, Kourken, and Santiago Arango-Muñoz. Collaborative Memory Knowledge: A Distributed Reliabilist Perspective. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198737865.003.0013.

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Collaborative remembering, in which two or more individuals cooperate to remember together, is an ordinary occurrence. Ordinary though it may be, it challenges traditional understandings of memory knowledge in terms of justified memory beliefs held within the minds of single subjects. Collaborative memory has come to be a major area of research in psychology, but it has so far not been investigated in epistemology. This chapter conducts an initial exploration of the epistemological implications of collaborative memory research, arguing that the findings of this research support a novel theory

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13

Heylighen, Francis, and Shima Beigi. Mind Outside Brain. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198801764.003.0005.

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We approach the problem of the extended mind from a radically non-dualist perspective. The separation between mind and matter is an artifact of the mechanistic worldview, which leaves no room for mental phenomena such as agency, intentionality, or experience. We propose to replace it by an action ontology, which conceives mind and matter as aspects of the same network of processes. By adopting the intentional stance, we interpret the catalysts of elementary reactions as agents exhibiting desires, intentions, and sensations. Autopoietic networks of reactions constitute more complex super-agents

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Dooling, Sarah, Jessica K. Graybill, and Vivek Shandas. Doctoral Student and Early Career Academic Perspectives on Interdisciplinarity. Edited by Robert Frodeman. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198733522.013.46.

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This chapter focuses on the experiences of graduate students and early career academics who conduct interdisciplinary research and teaching. It offers practical advice to guide multiple participants (individuals, departments, institutions, disciplines) to navigate the benefits and challenges of participating in interdisciplinary research and teaching. The chapter concludes with reflections on the increasing calls for interdisciplinarity in the context of reduced funding for public universities and the rise of interdisciplinary programs at private liberal arts colleges.

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Cottrell, Stephen. The creative work of large ensembles. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199346677.003.0013.

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Preparing large ensembles for performance involves musical, social, logistical and financial challenges of a kind seldom encountered in other forms of collective music-making. The conventional approach to meeting the challenges that arise during rehearsal is to appoint a single musical overseer, usually a conductor, whose ostensible role in musical preparation is to directly influence the musicians while working towards the creation of a musical product to be delivered in later performances. Rehearsal leadership, viewed from this perspective, moves predominantly in one direction, from conducto

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Kjær, Peter, Anne Reff Pedersen, and Anja Svejgaard Pors. A Discursive Approach to Organizational Health Communication. Edited by Ewan Ferlie, Kathleen Montgomery, and Anne Reff Pedersen. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198705109.013.10.

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With the increased interest in communication in the fields of health care and health care management research, it is important to begin to explore and consider the consequences of this engagement with new ideas in communication. In this chapter we describe the expansion of organizational health communication, identifying three distinct types of communication ideas and tools: clinical communication, extra-clinical communication and corporate communication. In order to assess the wider implications of health communication, we elaborate a discursive perspective, illustrated by presenting exemplar

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Cooper, Mick, and Duncan Law, eds. Working with Goals in Psychotherapy and Counselling. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med-psych/9780198793687.001.0001.

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Working with goals in counselling and psychotherapy provides a detailed guide to using goals in clinical practice, and the empirical and theoretical foundations for this work. The book is aimed at psychologists, psychotherapists, and counsellors of all orientations—both in training and in practice—who work with adults and/or with children and young people. The introduction to the book defines goals, looks at their development, and discusses the rationale for, and challenges of, goal-oriented practice. Chapter 2 explores philosophical perspectives on goals, critically examining the relevance of

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Gunnar, Megan R., and Adriana M. Herrera. The Development of Stress Reactivity. Edited by Philip David Zelazo. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199958474.013.0003.

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Stress is a normal component of life, yet individuals differ markedly in the frequency with which they experience stressful life events and their vulnerability or resilience in the face of these challenges. We approach the study of stress and development from a psychobiological perspective, emphasizing the role of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) system. We describe the anatomy and physiology of the HPA system and its relations with other neurobiological systems that process information about stressors and regulate behavioral and physiological responses. This review also covers

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Fugate, C. Matthew. Attention Divergent Hyperactive Giftedness. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190645472.003.0012.

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For decades, researchers have focused on the importance of creativity and its lasting repercussions for the individual and society as a whole. In order to foster creativity in the classroom, it is important to approach education from a strength-based perspective rather than focusing on remediating weaknesses. This is especially beneficial for gifted students with co-occurring learning differences such as attention deficit hyperactive disorder (ADHD). This chapter reviews the research on twice exceptionality and explores the implications that these findings have for educators as they construct

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20

Logan, Carolyn. 800 Languages and Counting. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190657543.003.0005.

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Using data on more than 800 home languages identified during Afrobarometer Round 5 surveys in 35 countries, as well as information on multilingualism gathered in 20 countries in Round 4, this chapter explores linguistic diversity and multilingualism at the individual level, within communities, and across countries. Afrobarometer data offer a unique perspective on the distribution of languages and language capabilities from the viewpoint of the users of language rather than those who study it. The chapter also identifies some of the challenges encountered in collecting public opinion data in li

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21

Smith, Peter B. Cross‐cultural Differences in Personnel Psychology. Edited by Susan Cartwright and Cary L. Cooper. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199234738.003.0015.

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In recent decades, substantial advances have been made in the creation of systematic procedures for the conduct of policies relevant to an organization's human resources. These developments present challenges to the validity of personnel practices that have been honed in monocultural settings. Put rather too crudely, companies must either modify their practices to accommodate the increasing diversity of their workforces, or they must find ways to create sufficiently uniform organizational cultures to permit the retention of the procedures developed earlier. An early indication of the difficult

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22

Immerman, Richard H., and Petra Goedde, eds. The Oxford Handbook of the Cold War. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199236961.001.0001.

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The Oxford Handbook of the Cold War offers a broad reassessment of the cold war period based on new conceptual frameworks developed in the field of international history. The cold war emerges as a distinct period in twentieth-century history, yet one that should be evaluated within the broader context of global political, economic, social, and cultural developments. This book brings together scholars in cold war history to offer an assessment of the state of the field and identify fundamental questions for future research. The individual chapters in this volume evaluate both the extent and the

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23

Kossek, Ellen Ernst, and Rebecca J. Thompson. Workplace Flexibility. Edited by Tammy D. Allen and Lillian T. Eby. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199337538.013.19.

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Workplace flexibility research has had mixed results and varied consequences for employees and employers. Workplace flexibility is defined as a formal or informal agreement between an employer and employee to provide individual job control over flexibility in timing, location, amount, or continuity in concert with nonwork needs. Integrating organizational and individual perspectives, this chapter discusses the mixed consequences of workplace flexibility taking into account that each type can be understood from varying employment relationship vantages, outcomes, and implementation challenges. T

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Wobick-Segev, Sarah. Homes Away from Home. Stanford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.11126/stanford/9781503605145.001.0001.

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This book is the first comparative study of Jewish communities in Western, Central, and Eastern Europe. It analyzes how Jews used social and religious spaces to reformulate patterns of fraternity, celebration, and family formation and expressions of self-identification. It suggests that the social patterns that developed between 1890 and the 1930s were formative for the fundamental reshaping of Jewish community and remain essential to our understanding of contemporary Jewish life. Focusing on the social interactions of urban European Jews, this book offers a new perspective on how Jews confron

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Swart, Juani. HRM and Knowledge Workers. Edited by Peter Boxall, John Purcell, and Patrick M. Wright. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199547029.003.0022.

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This article develops a definition of the knowledge worker and discusses the characteristics of knowledge workers and their work. It then shifts to the organizational level and takes a closer look at the characteristics of knowledge-based organizations and the management of knowledge work. Several managerial and theoretical challenges arise when we combine individual and organizational knowledge perspectives. Each of these challenges, together with relevant knowledge-focused HR practices, is discussed and presented in a table, which serves as a summary to the article. The final section looks t

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Bruening, Michael W. Refusing to Kiss the Slipper. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197566954.001.0001.

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Refusing to Kiss the Slipper re-examines the Reformation in francophone Europe, presenting for the first time the perspective of John Calvin’s evangelical enemies. This book brings together a cast of Calvin’s opponents from various French-speaking territories to show that opposition to Calvinism was stronger and better organized than has ever before been recognized. It examines individual opponents, such as Pierre Caroli, Jerome Bolsec, Sebastian Castellio, Charles Du Moulin, and Jean Morély, but more importantly, it explores the anti-Calvinist networks that developed around such individuals.

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Cook, Christopher C. H., Eilish Gilvarry, and Andrea Hearn. Addiction Psychiatry. Edited by John R. Peteet, Mary Lynn Dell, and Wai Lun Alan Fung. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190681968.003.0013.

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In addiction psychiatry, spirituality and religion present a set of ethical challenges associated with the various ways in which recovery is linked to particular spiritual and religious programs, such as those offered by the 12-step mutual help groups, related professional rehabilitation programs, and other explicitly religious programs of recovery. In addition, individual patients construct their own narratives of recovery in the light of their personal spiritual/religious beliefs. Potential clashes between the different spiritual/religious perspectives of a recovery program, and patient and

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Krueger, Alan B. What Makes a Terrorist. Princeton University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691196077.001.0001.

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The author of this book was one of the most respected economists of his generation, advising two presidents and helping to instill greater empiricism in economics. In this book, he argues that if we are to correctly assess the root causes of terrorism and successfully address the threat, we must think more like economists do. The book examines the factors that motivate individuals to participate in terrorism, drawing inferences from their economic, social, religious, and political backgrounds. Many popular ideas about terrorists are fueled by falsehoods, misinformation, and fearmongering. This

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Cawthon, Stephanie W., Carrie Lou Garberoglio, and Peter C. Hauser. Conclusion. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190455651.003.0017.

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This chapter marks the conclusion of this edited volume, Research in Deaf Education. The purpose of the volume as a whole is to identify strategies for improving the quality of research in deaf education; the conclusion summarizes main themes that both cut across chapters and extend arguments made by individual chapter authors. Overarching themes include discussions around standards for research quality; the positionality of researchers; and how we obtain, interpret, and translate research findings for diverse audiences. In each of these themes we recognize challenges that the field faces as w

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Bruce, Kyle, and Chris Nyland. Human Relations. Edited by Adrian Wilkinson, Steven J. Armstrong, and Michael Lounsbury. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198708612.013.3.

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As ritualistically conveyed in management and organization studies textbooks, the Human Relations ‘school’ of management (HRS) is understood to have emerged from investigations into human association in the workplace by Elton Mayo and his associates between 1924 and 1932 at the Hawthorne plant of Western Electric. The HRS is said to have brought people’s social needs into the limelight and thereby increased their capacity for ‘spontaneous collaboration’ at work. This perspective, however, has been challenged by a growing body of scholars who have demonstrated that HRS provided employers with a

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Gergen, Kenneth J. Human Essence. Edited by Martijn van Zomeren and John F. Dovidio. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190247577.013.14.

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This chapter opens with a social constructionist perspective on human essences. As proposed, essences are not given in nature, but constructed within cultural traditions. Thus, the major challenge is not that of “getting it right” about the essence, but generating accounts that may contribute to society. A criterion of reflective pragmatism is proposed in which questions of contribution and critique prevail. In this light the chapter places in critical light the bio-cognitive and neurological explanations of human nature, especially focusing on the ideological and political implications of the

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Figols, Victor de Leonardo. Globalização e nacionalismo no mundo contemporâneo: Perspectivas de compreensão. Brazil Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31012/978-65-5861-025-0.

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Since the end of the 19th century, and throughout the 20th century, the world has undergone profound changes. But it was at the end of the 20th century, a new world emerged, where the advances of global capitalism and the free market - as a homogenizing project - had profound impacts on society, politics and culture, questioning the conception of identity, especially those historically rooted identities, that is, national identities. Like the concept of nationalism, globalization is not a recent phenomenon. However, the rapid changes experienced in the last decade of the century brought new pr

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Allotey, Pascale, and Daniel Reidpath, eds. The Health of Refugees. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198814733.001.0001.

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There have been significant changes in the numbers, patterns, and circumstances of refugees and in the political landscape to support humanitarianism since the publication of the first edition of this collection. Like the first edition, this volume provides a multidisciplinary perspective on refugee health, tracing the health repercussions on individuals and populations from the drivers of forced mass movements of populations from situations of conflict and other disasters through to the process of resettlement in countries other than their countries of origin. Drawing on the expertise of acad

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Croson, Rachel, and Gary E. Bolton, eds. The Oxford Handbook of Economic Conflict Resolution. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199730858.001.0001.

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Individuals, groups, and societies all experience conflict, and attempt to resolve it in numerous ways. The Oxford Handbook of Economic Conflict Resolution brings together scholars from multiple disciplines to offer perspectives on the current state and future challenges in negotiation and conflict resolution. It aims to act as an aid in identifying new research topics. It hopes also to provide a guide to current debates and identify complementarities between approaches taken by different disciplines and the insights which those approaches generate. Leading researchers from the fields of econo

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Anderson, Leah Seppanen. Teaching Post-Communist Politics. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190846626.013.313.

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A review of undergraduate course offerings at top-ranked colleges and universities in the United States and analysis of course syllabi from undergraduate programs in political science have revealed certain trends in the teaching post-communist politics. For instance, majority of schools now offer post-communist politics courses, although a student at a national university is more likely than one at a liberal arts institution to have the opportunity to learn about the region. Regardless of the type of school, students will most commonly study post-communism from a comparative, rather than inter

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Cawthon, Stephanie, and Carrie Lou Garberoglio, eds. Research in Deaf Education. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190455651.001.0001.

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This edited volume, Research in Deaf Education: Contexts, Challenges, and Considerations, provides readers with critical foundational information with which to view contemporary research in deaf education. Deaf education as a field is experiencing a high degree of turnover in its researchers, as well as major shifts in how deaf individuals access information and engage with society as a whole. To conduct research in deaf education includes a need to be mindful of the influence of context as well as the challenges of conducting research with a low-incidence and diverse population. Together with

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Mitcham, Carl, and Nan Wang. Interdisciplinarity in Ethics. Edited by Robert Frodeman. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198733522.013.20.

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“Interdisciplinarity in Ethics” begins with a schematic overview of how ethics in the West has bridged (1) individuals and social orders through virtue ethics (Greece), (2) reason and revelation through deontology (medieval period), and (3) science and politics in consequentialist utilitarianism (modern period). In counterpoint, it observes how China adds to virtue ethical interdisciplinarity efforts (4) to harmonize humans with the cosmos and (5) to integrate the human inner and outer selves. From this dual historicophilosophical perspective, the chapter then examines how recent ethical chall

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Clay, Lauren R. The Bourgeoisie, Capitalism, and the Origins of the French Revolution. Edited by David Andress. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199639748.013.002.

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When the long-dominant Marxist ‘rise of the bourgeoisie’ paradigm collapsed in the face of the revisionist challenge, scholars largely abandoned questions of capitalism and the bourgeoisie and their relationship to the origins of the Revolution. Research on the transformation of eighteenth-century consumer behaviours and the dramatic expansion of colonial trade, however, has sparked renewed interest in the consequences of these developments for the crisis of the old regime and the revolutionary reinvention of society and politics. Within this emergent scholarship, this essay highlights two tre

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Woodward, Sue, and Catheryne Waterhouse, eds. Oxford Handbook of Neuroscience Nursing. 2nd ed. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198831570.001.0001.

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The field of neuroscience nursing practice relates to a wide range of neurological disorders, many of which are progressive, deteriorating, life-changing, and life-limiting conditions affecting not only the patient but their families and carers. At the same time, the care of the patient following acute-onset injury and trauma presents different challenges in terms of support in critical care and ongoing rehabilitation. Brain damage and injury, irrespective of the causative factors, invariably can have a devastating effect on an individual’s physical, psychological, and cognitive functioning im

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Foley, Richard. Related Topics. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190865122.003.0004.

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This chapter examines Wittgenstein’s critique of philosophy’s premium on simplicity and generality. Although philosophy overlaps with the sciences, it also leans toward the humanities in the open-ended character of its core issues. Additionally, the author discusses Alasdair MacIntyre’s and Jean-Paul Sartre’s different views on the appeal of stories, and discusses as well how the insights of stories have the same features as those of the humanities in being indexical, prescriptive, and perspectival. The social sciences occupy a midpoint between the natural sciences and humanities, aiming to be

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Daiute, Colette. Imagination in Community Engagement. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190468712.003.0013.

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Imagining is a sociocultural process, wrought of interactions, relationships, and provocations. This chapter presents theory and illustrations of that process as relational imagining—using diverse expressive media to interact, from diverse speaker/author perspectives, for a variety of important purposes, with diverse actual and implied others and environments. Drawing on practical research, the author discusses relational imagining in several places where children, adolescents, and adults struggling with extreme challenges—war, poverty, segregation—collectively employed expressive media as cul

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Palmer, Thomas. Conclusion. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198816652.003.0010.

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The Conclusion challenges the role assigned to the mid-seventeenth-century theology of holy living in a well-worn narrative of decline in English theology. Here the ‘moralism’ of the mid-century anti-Calvinist theologians and the ‘rationalism’ of their latitudinarian successors are held responsible for an impoverished form of theology, whose elision of revelation and grace with nature and moral virtue promoted the secularism and indifferentism of a stereotypically lukewarm eighteenth-century Church. The doctrinal premises and the rigorist shape of the holy living theology, as analysed here, ca

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Brughmans, Tom, Anna Collar, and Fiona Coward, eds. The Connected Past. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198748519.001.0001.

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One of the most exciting recent developments in archaeology and history has been the adoption of new perspectives which see human societies in the past--as in the present--as made up of networks of interlinked individuals. This view of people as always connected through physical and conceptual networks along which resources, information, and disease flow, requires archaeologists and historians to use new methods to understand how these networks form, function, and change over time. The Connected Past provides a constructive methodological and theoretical critique of the growth in research appl

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Bickford, Tyler. Earbuds Are Good for Sharing. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190654146.003.0003.

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This chapter presents a detailed analysis of children’s practices of sharing earbuds with friends and peers. Portable music technologies mediate face-to-face relationships among schoolchildren, and the social links they support provide an intimate environment for interaction that mostly excludes adults. These face-to-face interactions using digital audio technologies challenge theoretical perspectives from two fields. First, a prominent view of sound technologies as progressively isolating individuals from one another fails entirely to account for children’s sociable practices. Second, while a

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Proctor, Wendy, ed. Integrated Mission-directed Research. CSIRO Publishing, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9780643100206.

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This book offers readers the chance to learn from the experiences of researchers involved in integrated mission-directed research, particularly in the areas of natural resource management and regional development.  Integrated Mission-directed Research covers important issues in integration science, supported by case studies that detail how to engage individuals and communities, and support policy decisions and development. The authors explore case studies undertaken in Australia, Europe, Thailand and Indonesia, as well as perspectives from the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment. Closing cha

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Osgood, Josiah, Kit Morrell, and Kathryn Welch, eds. The Alternative Augustan Age. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190901400.001.0001.

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The princeps Augustus (63 BCE–14 CE), recognized as the first of the Roman emperors, looms large in the teaching and writing of Roman history. Major political, literary, and artistic developments alike are attributed to him. This book deliberately and provocatively shifts the focus off Augustus while still looking at events of his time. Contributors uncover the perspectives and contributions of a range of individuals other than the princeps. Not all thought they were living in the “Augustan Age.” Not all took their cues from Augustus. In their self-display or ideas for reform, some anticipated

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Johnson-Hakim, Sharon, and Ashley Boal. Putting Your Training to Work. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190457938.003.0009.

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The search for a community practice-oriented job can be at once exciting and overwhelming, especially if it is your first job out of graduate school. Because the skill set and perspective of a community psychologist can be applied in a growing number of applied settings, the largest challenge is not in finding job opportunities outside of academia but rather in selling yourself in a non–community psychology world. Creativity and flexibility during the job search will prove to be valuable in identifying organizations and positions with roles that can be filled successfully by community psycholo

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Vollhardt, Johanna Ray, ed. The Social Psychology of Collective Victimhood. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190875190.001.0001.

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This book provides an overview of current social psychological scholarship on collective victimhood. Drawing on different contexts of collective victimization—such as those due to genocide, war, ethnic or religious conflict, racism, colonization, Islamophobia, the caste system, and other forms of direct and structural collective violence—this edited volume presents theoretical ideas and empirical findings concerning the psychological experience of being targeted by collective violence in the past or present. Specifically, the book addresses questions such as: How are experiences of collective

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Hammer, Juliane. Peaceful Families. Princeton University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691190877.001.0001.

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This book chronicles and examines the efforts, stories, arguments, and strategies of individuals and organizations doing Muslim anti-domestic violence work in the United States. Looking at connections among ethical practices, gender norms, and religious interpretation, the book demonstrates how Muslim advocates mobilize a rich religious tradition in community efforts against domestic violence, and identify religion and culture as resources or roadblocks to prevent harm and to restore family peace. The book paints a vivid picture of the challenges such advocacy work encounters. The insecurities

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Naidu, Ravi, Euan Smith, Gary Owens, Prosun Bhattacharya, and Peter Nadebaum. Managing Arsenic in the Environment. CSIRO Publishing, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9780643093515.

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Arsenic is one of the most toxic and carcinogenic elements in the environment. This book brings together the current knowledge on arsenic contamination worldwide, reviewing the field, highlighting common themes and pointing to key areas needing future research. Contributions discuss methods for accurate identification and quantification of individual arsenic species in a range of environmental and biological matrices and give an overview of the environmental chemistry of arsenic. Next, chapters deal with the dynamics of arsenic in groundwater and aspects of arsenic in soils and plants, i

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