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1
Harigel, Gert G. "Nucléation dans les chambres à bulles." La Houille Blanche, no. 2 (March 1988): 103–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/lhb/1988007.
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Oussou, Yousra, Jihad Raoui, Siham Hallab, Latifa Oukerraj, Mohamed Cherti, Kaoutar Imrani, Nabil Moatassim Billah, and Nassar Ittimade. "HYDATIC CARDIAC SYST: AN EXCEPTIONAL LOCATION." International Journal of Advanced Research 9, no. 09 (September 30, 2021): 122–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/13384.
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Hydatid cyst is a parasitic disease endemic in different regions of the world. Cardiac localization represents only 0.5 to 2% of all attacks, characterized by clinical, paraclinical and especially radiological polymorphism. Its spontaneous development is serious because of the risk of endocavity rupture. The diagnosis is facilitated by means of non-invasive imaging, in particular echocardiography, thoracic computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. Given the lack of alternative treatment options, cystectomy and pericystectomy are the only surgical techniques capable of offering chances of recovery with acceptable morbidity and mortality. Antiparasitic treatment comes in addition to surgery. Eradication of hydatid disease mainly involves effective collective and individual preventive measures. We present a clinical case of a 54-year-old patient who presented with asthenia followed by precordial pain, who has a normal EKG and chest x-ray. Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) a mass that bulges in the lateral aspect of the left heart chambers. The thoracic tomodensitometry objectified a cystic image which bulges in the left cardiac chambers suggesting a cardiac hydatid cyst. A hypereosinophilia was objective in the biological assessment. The patient was sent to the cardiovascular surgery department for surgery. We present a clinical case of a 54-year-old patient who presented with asthenia followed by precordial pain, who has a normal EKG and chest x-ray. Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) a mass that bulges in the lateral aspect of the left heart chambers. The thoracic tomodensitometry objectified a cystic image which bulges in the left cardiac chambers suggesting a cardiac hydatid cyst. A hypereosinophilia was objective in the biological assessment. The patient was sent to the cardiovascular surgery department for surgery. We present a clinical case of a 54-year-old patient who presented with asthenia followed by precordial pain, who has a normal EKG and chest x-ray. Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) a mass that bulges in the lateral aspect of the left heart chambers. The thoracic tomodensitometry objectified a cystic image which bulges in the left cardiac chambers suggesting a cardiac hydatid cyst. A hypereosinophilia was objective in the biological assessment. The patient was sent to the cardiovascular surgery department for surgery. Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) a mass that bulges in the lateral aspect of the left heart chambers. The thoracic tomodensitometry objectified a cystic image which bulges in the left cardiac chambers suggesting a cardiac hydatid cyst. A hypereosinophilia was objective in the biological assessment. The patient was sent to the cardiovascular surgery department for surgery. Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) a mass that bulges in the lateral aspect of the left heart chambers. The thoracic tomodensitometry objectified a cystic image which bulges in the left cardiac chambers suggesting a cardiac hydatid cyst. A hypereosinophilia was objective in the biological assessment. The patient was sent to the cardiovascular surgery department for surgery.
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Yang, Yi, Lei Liu, Xiang Long Li, and Di Liu. "The Experimental Research Based on SHPB Test of the Rocks Plastic Damage Cumulative Effect." Advanced Materials Research 347-353 (October 2011): 1523–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.347-353.1523.
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This article to research through SHPB test of the rocks in the plastic damage under the cumulative effects. This paper selects bullets for the diameter steel rods, the bullet hit by a fixed speed when fixed, selects the two kinds of circumstances for gas chamber pressure such as P = 0.6 MPa and P = 0.7 MPa. It is concluded that the main important conclusions： Test specimen didn’t reach the effect for ,Limestone which is no initial damage to absorb lesser energy, as the same time the internal stones damage were also lower, and with the impact times accumulation, limestone damages degree were increasing, eventually make the specimen destroy. The internal of rock specimens are low destroy, when has the same effect, specimens receiving the maximum stress by lesser,when the internal damage can cumulative increases to certain value, and is suffered the same stress effect, finally the maximum stress will be decreased. For rocks material at repeated impact as low speed ,under this action show the obvious plastic damage accumulation effect
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Singh, B. P. "Suicide by homemade firearm." Medicine, Science and the Law 47, no. 4 (October 2007): 345–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/rsmmsl.47.4.345.
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This paper presents a unique case of suicide committed by a homemade firearm. A 56-year-old man shot himself with a homemade firearm capable of accommodating and firing 8 mm rifle ammunition. The victim put the muzzle of the weapon on the right side of his skull and died immediately after firing. The overall and barrel lengths of the firearm were 29.5 cm and 17.5 cm respectively. The barrel was oversized for the 8 mm rifle bullet having an average muzzle and breech diameter of .423in. (9.53 mm) and .489in. (11.02 mm) respectively. The cartridge case recovered from the chamber was swollen due to the oversized non-standard chamber. The bullet recovered was deformed and elongated. The injury and bullet track present on the victim's head were unique in nature. With respect to the weapon and ammunition, this study represents an unusual suicide. The findings will be helpful to the medico-legal experts, forensic scientists and pathologists.
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Liscio, Eugene, and Bianca Ledo. "Defining Patterns and Behaviours of Forward Spatter Gunshot Misting." Forensic Sciences 1, no. 2 (August 9, 2021): 86–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/forensicsci1020009.
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The purpose of this research was to study forward-spatter misting patterns by shooting a firearm through a chamber of blood encased in ballistic gel to determine if there is a relationship between bloodstain pattern size as a function of distance and orientation. There is a lack of research on forward spatter, blood travelling in the direction of a bullet, as most studies focus on back spatter, blood travelling in the opposite direction of a bullet. A bullet was fired through ballistic gel containing a blood chamber, depositing bloodstains onto a large sheet of butcher paper as the target surface. In total, there were 34 trials. The distances observed were 10, 20, 40, and 80 cm, the angles tested were 30°, 60°, and 90°. The orientation between the ballistic gel and paper target varied. A criterion was established to observe the overall area and symmetry of the bloodstain patterns. Statistical analyses indicated a negative linear relation relationship between the bloodstain pattern size and the paper’s angle and distance (R2 = 0.78) and the vertical symmetry of the bloodstain (R2 = 0.87). The orientation between the ballistic gel and paper target can impact the bloodstain pattern’s symmetry and size.
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Pawitan, Yudi, and Gabriel Isheden. "Resolving Zeckhauser’s paradox." Theory and Decision 88, no. 4 (December 17, 2019): 595–607. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11238-019-09740-5.
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AbstractZeckhauser’s paradox has puzzled and entertained many rationality enthusiasts for almost half a century. You are forced to play a Russian Roulette with a 6-chamber revolver containing either (A) two bullets, or (B) four bullets. Would you pay more to remove the two bullets in (A) than you would to remove one in (B)? Most would say yes, but rational considerations based on the classical utility theory suggest you should not. We discuss a possible solution within the classical framework, by explicitly stating and accounting for more detailed preferences in terms of fewer bullets and smaller debt. To a large extent, the paradox arises due to a surreptitious trespassing of Savage’s Small-World utilities implied by a limited set of preferences to govern a larger world containing potentially conflicting preferences. To avoid logical issues associated with death in the roulette, we also describe a non-fatal game-show version, where you choose one box out of six that could be either empty or contain prize money. Here, the paradox arises when you pay from the prize money, but not when you pay from your own money. In summary, the paradox provides a useful lesson about the normative role of the utility function as a rational guide for our decisions and preferences.
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Brogliatti, G., F. Garcia Migliaro, R. Cavia, G. Larraburu, and A. Albrecht. "12 CASA PARAMETERS OF FRESH BULL SEMEN COLLECTED BY ARTIFICIAL VAGINA OR ELECTROEJACULATION IN ARGENTINA." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 17, no. 2 (2005): 156. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv17n2ab12.
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The latest entry in the field of semen evaluation is computer assisted semen analysis (CASA). Its greatest advantages are elimination of the subjective nature of routine semen evaluation and the addition of detailed motion analysis unquantifiable by visual examination. The objective of this study was to evaluate CASA motility parameters of fresh bull semen collected by artificial vagina (AV) or electroejaculation (EE) from a total of 56 beef different bulls. Semen samples from a total of 45 beef bulls were collected by AV from winter to the end of spring (740 collections), and from 11 beef bulls by EE (120 collections) in the same period. First and second AV collections were analyzed as individual data. EE collection was performed only one. Means and standard deviations for each characteristic were calculated, compared, and statistically analyzed. A sample of the collection was diluted 1:20 in a semi-defined semen extender (Andromed, Minitüb, Tiefenbach, Germany) and held in a glass tube at 36°C for 5 min before analysis. The sample was loaded into 20-μm chambers, and six microscope fields from each chamber were analyzed. The following sperm motility parameters were determined with the Ceros 12.1 sperm analyzer (Hamilton Thorne Biosciences, Inc., Beverly, MA, USA) on at least 1000 spermatozoa:concentration (CONC), velocity average path (VAP), velocity straight line (VSL), curvilinear velocity (VCL), amplitude lateral head (ALH), beat cross frequency (BCF), straightness (STR), linearity (LIN), and percentage of rapid or statics cells. There were no significant differences (P > 0.05) in VAP, VSL, VCL, ALH, STR, LIN, and the percentage of rapid and static cells of semen collected by AV or EE. The concentration (sperm/mL) of the AV-collected sperm was significantly higher than for the sperm collected by EE. Results from the analysis indicate that semen collected by artificial vagina have motility characteristics similar to those collected by electroejaculation. More research needs to be done to evaluate motility parameters of frozen/thawed semen collected by electroejaculation and by artificial vagina. This research was supported by Centro Genético Bovino de EOLIA sa Argentina.
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Sielicki, Piotr W., Adrian Pludra, and Michał Przybylski. "Experimental measurement of the bullet trajectory after perforation of a chambered window." International Journal of Applied Glass Science 10, no. 4 (July 11, 2019): 441–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ijag.13478.
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Mieno, Tetsu, Kazuki Ookouchi, Kazuhiko Kondo, Susumu Hasegawa, and Koichi Kurosawa. "Production of Carbonaceous Molecules by the Impact Reaction in Nitrogen Gas by Use of a Gas-Gun." Advanced Materials Research 1117 (July 2015): 31–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1117.31.
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In order to investigate impact production of carbonaceous molecules by asteroid’s impact, simulation experiment is carried out using a 2-stage light gas-gun. A small polycarbonate bullet is injected into a pressurized chamber with 1 atm of nitrogen gas, to collide with a target. Strong emissions of CN and C2 molecules are measured, and CN rotational temperature is evaluated. In the produced soot, production of fullerenes, nanotubes, metal-encapsulated particles, balloon-like nano-carbons and amino acids is confirmed.
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Westbrook, Christopher David, Robin J. Hogan, and Anthony J. Illingworth. "The Capacitance of Pristine Ice Crystals and Aggregate Snowflakes." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 65, no. 1 (January 1, 2008): 206–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2007jas2315.1.
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Abstract A new method of accurately calculating the capacitance of realistic ice particles is described: such values are key to accurate estimates of deposition and evaporation (sublimation) rates in numerical weather models. The trajectories of diffusing water molecules are directly sampled, using random “walkers.” By counting how many of these trajectories intersect the surface of the ice particle (which may be any shape) and how many escape outside a spherical boundary far from the particle, the capacitances of a number of model ice particle habits have been estimated, including hexagonal columns and plates, “scalene” columns and plates, bullets, bullet rosettes, dendrites, and realistic aggregate snowflakes. For ice particles with sharp edges and corners this method is an efficient and straightforward way of solving Laplace’s equation for the capacitance. Provided that a large enough number of random walkers are used to sample the particle geometry (∼104) the authors expect the calculated capacitances to be accurate to within ∼1%. The capacitance for the modeled aggregate snowflakes (C/Dmax = 0.25, normalized by the maximum dimension Dmax) is shown to be in close agreement with recent aircraft measurements of snowflake sublimation rates. This result shows that the capacitance of a sphere (C/Dmax = 0.5), which is commonly used in numerical models, overestimates the evaporation rate of snowflakes by a factor of 2. The effect of vapor “screening” by crystals growing in the vicinity of one another has also been investigated. The results clearly show that neighboring crystals growing on a filament in cloud chamber experiments can strongly constrict the vapor supply to one another, and the resulting growth rate measurements may severely underestimate the rate for a single crystal in isolation (by a factor of 3 in this model setup).
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Cardeal, Cléber, Luiz Romulo Alberton, André Giarola Boscarato, Mirelly Vitalina Rocha, Lucas Giovanni Lima Marchetti, Gustavo Guerino Macedo, Emerson Luiz Botelho Lourenço, and Leonardo Franco Martins. "Comparative study between the hemocytometric and spectrophotometric methods for measuring the sperm concentration of young Nelore bulls." Semina: Ciências Agrárias 38, no. 6 (November 23, 2017): 3605. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2017v38n6p3605.
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Determination of sperm concentration using the Neubauer chamber (hemocytometric method) is a direct method for counting cells and also the most reliable. However, the process is time-consuming rendering it the least practical method when large numbers of ejaculates need to be processed. The spectrophotometer measures sperm concentrations as optical density and its main advantages are practicality and speed. This paper aimed to compare the results between evaluators using the hemocytometric method and the spectrophotometer for measuring sperm concentrations in young Nelore bulls. In total, 73 ejaculations from 20 young Nelore bulls were collected by electroejaculation. After soundness examination, 10 µL of the semen was diluted in 2 mL saline formaldehyde for measuring the sperm concentration per mL by the hemocytometric method (measured by three different evaluators) and the spectrophotometer method at 550 nm wavelength. No differences were detected in the results of sperm concentration measurements per mL among the evaluators using the hemocytometric method and the spectrophotometer (P > 0.05). The intraclass correlation was high (0.9), showing high replicability among the evaluator measurements. These results demonstrate that measurements performed using the spectrophotometer are reliable and can substitute the hemocytometric method in future for performing sperm concentration measurements in young Nelore bulls, thus improving and standardizing the techniques used in andrology laboratories.
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Armstrong, Kenneth A. "THE RIGHT TO REVOKE AN EU WITHDRAWAL NOTIFICATION: PUTTING THE BULLET BACK IN THE ARTICLE 50 CHAMBER?" Cambridge Law Journal 78, no. 1 (March 2019): 34–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008197319000230.
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Mittal, Swati, Usha Kumari, Pinky Tripathi, and Ajay Kumar Mittal. "Scanning electron microscopy of the operculum of Garra lamta (Hamilton) (Cyprinidae:Cypriniformes), an Indian hill stream fish." Australian Journal of Zoology 58, no. 3 (2010): 182. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo09082.
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The surface architecture of the epidermis on the outer surface of the operculum (OE) and the epithelium on the inner surface of the operculum (EISO) of Garra lamta was examined by scanning electron microscopy. The surface appeared smooth on the OE and wavy on the EISO. A wavy epithelium is considered to facilitate an increase in its stretchability, during the expansion of the branchial chamber. The OE and the EISO were covered by a mosaic pavement of epithelial cells with characteristic patterns of microridges and microbridges. Interspersed between the epithelial cells were mucous goblet cell pores, which were not significantly different in number in the OE and the EISO. Nevertheless, their surface area in the EISO was significantly higher than in the OE. This could be an adaptation to secrete higher amounts of mucus on the EISO for keeping the branchial chamber lining clean, avoiding clogging, the increased slipperiness reducing friction from water flow and increased efficiency in protecting against microbial attachments. Rounded bulges on the OE and the EISO were associated with mucous goblet cells. The absence of the taste buds in the EISO, in contrast to the OE, suggests that their function in the branchial chamber may not be of much significance in this fish. Breeding tubercles on the OE are believed to facilitate better contact between the male and female during breeding.
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Brogliatti, G., G. Barreiro, G. Larraburu, and A. Laborde. "10CASA EVALUATION OF SEXED AND NON-SEXED FROZEN BULL SEMEN." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 16, no. 2 (2004): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv16n1ab10.
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Flow citometry cell sorting has been proven successfully to separate X and Y sperm; however, the technology is still too stressfull for the viability of the sorted semen. The objective of this study was to evaluate nonsexed and sexed frozen sperm motility characteristics using a CASA technology. Ejaculates from 4 different bulls (3 Holstein and 1 Angus) were collected, and processed as split non-sexed and sexed semen samples using Tris egg yolk extenders. X and Y sperm were separated using a high-speed sorter (SX Moflo). Cryopreservation was done at the same time under appropiate conditions using a programmed cryochamber. Thawing procedure was done at 37°C for 30s and a sample of each straw was placed in the evaluation chamber. The experiment was repeated twice and two chambers with 30 observations each were analyzed each time. Mean and standard deviation of each characteristic were calculated, compared and analyzed statistically. The sperm concentration was determined by means of a burker counting chamber. Sperm quality was determined at 0h after thawing, and later at 1h, 2h and 3h after incubation in a glass tube at 30°C. The following sperm motility parameters were determined with the Hamilton Thorne (HTM-ceros 12.1) on at least 1000 spermatozoa: velocity average path (VAP), velocity straight line (VSL), amplitude lateral head (ALH), beat cross frequency (BCF), straightness (STR), linearity (LIN), and percentage of progressively motile spermatozoa (PMS). Linearity of nonsexed spermatozoa was 53±3.5, 47±0.8, 43±7.8 and 42±4.5 for the 0h and the 3 test incubation times and 49.5±3.7, 51.2±3.7, 43.3±7.8 and 44.5±7.6, respectively, for sexed semen. There were no significant differences (P>0.05) in the progressive velocity, track speed and linearity between sexed and nonsexed semen. The percentage of static cells was 33%, 30%, 47% and 50% for the 0h and the 3 test incubation periods; however, the percentage of static cells for the sexed semen was 53%, 71%, 77% and 82%, respectively. Results from the analysis indicate a significant increase (P<0.01) in the number and the percentage of static cells with time. The lateral amplitude of sperm motility for nonsexed semen was 5.9±0.5, 6.8±0.8, 6.0±0.4 and 5.1±0.7, and for sexed semen 6.6±0.7, 6.8±0.4, 6.4±0.4 and 5.5±1.7, respectively. The percentage of progressively motile sperm was significantly different at 0 time 49.7±4.9 and 23.1±4.9 for nonsexed and sexed semen respectively. After 3 hours of incubation the percentage of progressively motile sperm was 38.7±10.2 and 3.7±3.2 for nonsexed and sexed semen, respectively. In conclusion, sexed frozen semen seems to have characteristics similar to those of normal nonsexed semen. However, a significant decrease in the percentage of progressively motile cells could affect pregnancy rates. More research needs to be done to detect differences between bulls and cryoprotectans.Research supported by Centro Genetico Bovino de EOLIA sa Argentina.
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Proett, Mark A., Gregory N. Gilbert, Wilson C. Chin, and Myrick L. Monroe. "New Wireline Formation Testing Tool With Advanced Sampling Technology." SPE Reservoir Evaluation & Engineering 4, no. 02 (April 1, 2001): 76–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/71317-pa.
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Summary A recently introduced wireline formation-testing tool incorporates new digital-control technology that significantly improves formation fluid sampling and pressure testing. A primary focus of the new technology is improving the quality of reservoir fluid samples. An innovative pumpout design using a digital-control feedback system enables the tester to continuously monitor the fluid sampled and to make precise adjustments to the rate and pressure at which the fluid is withdrawn from the formation and injected into a sample chamber. The tool design incorporates a powerful pumping-system motor and an efficient hydraulic system. Consequently, invaded fluids surrounding the probes, such as mud filtrate, can be flushed 50% faster than other wireline test tools whose capabilities have been made public.1,2 Faster flushing enables quicker sampling of virgin formation fluids. Sample chambers can be filled against hydrostatic pressure to help ensure that pressure-volume-temperature (PVT) characteristics of the samples are not corrupted. Furthermore, additional pressure can be applied to minimize phase changes that might otherwise occur because of temperature gradients in the borehole. The new system also can be used to perform a closed-chamber PVT test for the bubblepoint of the fluid sampled. Closely spaced dual probes are deployed simultaneously for pressure testing and fluid sampling. Besides increasing tool reliability through redundancy, the two probes allow for advanced pressure-testing techniques. For example, formation anisotropy can be determined with an interference test between the two probes. Alternatively, a new pressure-pulsing technique can be used, which uses time delays between the probes' measured pressures to determine additional hydraulic-diffusive properties of the formation. The drawdowns can be rate- or pressure-controlled from either probe. The new tester is combinable with existing openhole logging tools, and tester tool sections are interchangeable. This combinability permits a complete wireline tool string to be configured to meet particular openhole formation-evaluation and testing needs in a single trip into the well. Current tool sections for the new tester include a dual-probe section (DPS), flow-control pumpout section (FPS), precision quartz gauge section (QGS), chamber valve section (CVS) for two sample chambers (1 to 5 gallons), and a multichamber section (MCS) with 1,000-cm3 chambers. The MCS chambers are compatible with hydrogen sulfide (H2S) with Natl. Assn. Of Corrosion Engineers-approved materials and have an exemption with the U.S. Dept. of Transportation (DOT) for common-carrier transportation. This paper details operational features of the new tester and introduces new pressure-testing and sampling-interpretation techniques. Field-test results are used to demonstrate these features and techniques. Introduction Wireline formation testing tools have been available since the mid-1950's and have undergone generations of evolutionary changes. Early tools were conceived as simple sampling devices with a single probe that established formation-fluid flow with a bullet perforation charge.3 Strain-gauge pressure transducers quickly followed, adding a new dimension to wireline formation evaluation.4 In the 1970's, dual chambers and pressure sensing were followed by the next generation of hydraulically powered tools with repeated pressure-testing capabilities and high-resolution quartz gauges.5,6 Multiple probes, pumps, and fluid sensors were added in the late 1980's to early 1990's to purge the zone near the wellbore of filtrate while monitoring sample quality.7 Only recently have sample-chamber-filling techniques been improved to reduce the shock experienced when the chamber is opened and filled.8 High-quality samples continue to be the driving force for each new advancement. Advances in downhole microprocessor digital-control technology combined with modern hydraulic servo systems can extend the level of sampling control and improve sample quality. Even when a sample is drawn carefully into the tool, if it is not kept in a single phase in the chamber before it is retrieved to the surface, its quality can be corrupted. A complex sequence of events transpires during the pumping of the formation fluid, filling of a sample chamber, and bringing of the sample to the surface. The events must be monitored and controlled precisely to ensure that a single-phase PVT-quality sample is delivered. Though sample quality is considered a priority, wireline testers have continued to advance in formation-evaluation techniques. The first function performed by a wireline tester is a pretest, an experiment to evaluate the zone's potential. After the probe is sealed against the borehole wall, a small volume of fluid is drawn into the tool. A drawdown-buildup sequence follows, mimicking a miniature well test. The pore pressure is determined from the buildup and has been the most important measurement of the zone's potential. If the flow rate can be controlled and the sandface flow rate reaches a steady-state condition, the formation mobility (i.e., md/cp) can be determined easily. Unfortunately, the volume of the pretest is too small (5 to 10 cm3) to affect a significant zone of investigation. Furthermore, the flow rate may not be well controlled, and the compressibility of fluid in the flowlines of the tool can further modify the sandface flow rate and dominate the transient-pressure response. While these effects can be corrected with improved transient-analysis techniques, the validity of the measurement is questioned. As a result, mobility and permeability estimates have not been regarded as primary measurements for wireline testers. If a high degree of control can be applied to the pretest experiment, the analysis technique is simplified and accuracy is improved. Additionally, if the pumpout flow rates can be controlled in a real-time dynamic manner, the cleaning action of the pump can be monitored with changes in permeability. Pumping can remove more than 40 gallons of formation fluids, increasing the depth of investigation. The net result is a more accurate measurement of permeability in real time during pumping and sampling. The paper demonstrates how improvements to sampling and pressure-testing control can improve the quality of wireline formation testing. A new tool design is introduced with a short description of its functions and capabilities. Simulations of the tool's behavior illustrate how its design parameters were derived for testing and sampling over a wide range of formation conditions. Finally, log examples demonstrate the applications of the new testing tool.
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Prados, L. F., S. C. Valadares Filho, E. Detmann, D. Zanetti, S. A. Santos, D. F. T. Sathler, L. D. S. Mariz, et al. "Energy and protein requirements of 3/4 Zebu × 1/4 Holstein crossbreds fed different calcium and phosphorus levels in the diet." Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia 67, no. 2 (April 2015): 555–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1678-6905.
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The aim of this study was to determine the nutritional requirements of energy and protein for maintenance and weight gain of crossbred cattle, as well as their efficiencies. Fifty 3/4 Zebu × 1/4 Holstein crossbred bulls with initial weights of 214±4kg and aged 11±0.2 months on average were used in this experiment. Four animals were used in the reference group; ten bulls were fed at the maintenance level; and the remaining 36 bulls were fed ad libitum and distributed in a completely randomized design in a 3×3 factorial arrangement, which had three feedlot periods (56, 112 or 168 days) and three calcium and phosphorus levels (low, medium and normal) in the diet. Four of the maintenance animals had their heat production measured by respirometry at the Laboratory of Metabolism and Calorimetry of UFMG. After slaughter, composite samples, referred to as carcass and noncarcass samples were obtained from each animal. The net energy requirements for maintenance (NEm) and metabolizable energy for maintenance (MEm) were 68.9 and 90.1 kcal/EBW0.75/day, respectively. The efficiency (km) was 76.41%. The NEm requirement determined in the respirometry chamber was 85.5 kcal/kg0.75. The following equations were obtained for net energy for gain (NEg) and net protein for gain (NPg): NEg (Mcal/day) = 0.0505±0.000986 × EBW0.75× EBWG1.095 and NPg (g/day) = 162.79±18.2546 × EBWG - 1.30±5.3010 × RE. The efficiencies of fat and protein deposition were 70.04 and 15.12%, respectively. In conclusion, the requirements of NEm for growing and finishing non-castrated 3/4 Zebu × 1/4 Holstein crossbred cattle are 68.9 kcal/EBW0.75/day. Requirements of NEg and NPg can be obtained by the following equations: NEg(Mcal/day) = 0.05050.000986 × EBW0.75 × EBWG1.095and NPg (g/day) = 162.79±18.2546 × EBWG - 1.30±5.3010× RE.
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Jurberg, P., V. T. Schall, J. V. Barbosa, M. J. Gatti, and M. S. Soares. "Behavior of Biomphalaria glabrata, the intermediate host snail of Schistosoma mansoni, at different depths in water in laboratory conditions." Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz 82, no. 2 (June 1987): 197–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0074-02761987000200008.
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Using three columns of different depths (1.10m, 8.40m and 10.40m), we investigated the possibility of Biomphalaria glabrata moving towards deep regions. In the 1.10m column, we noted that locomotion can occur in two manners: 1) when the foot is in contact with the substrate: a) sliding descent; b) sliding ascent; c) creeping descent; d) creeping ascent, 2) when the foot is not in contact with the substrate: a) sudden descent without emission of air bules; b) sudden descent with emission of air bules; c) sudden ascent. In the 8.40m column containing food on the bottom (experimental group), the snails remained longer at this depth when compared to those of the group which received no food (control). The sliding behavior was characteristic of locomotion occurring at 0 to 1m both in upward and downward directions. Creeping behavior was typical for the ascent of the snails that reached deeper levels. When the snails were creeping, the shell remained hanging as if it were heavier, a fact that may have been due to water entering the pulmonary chamber. In the 10.40m column, the snails slid downward to a depth of 4m or descended suddenly all the way to the bottom. Ascent occurred by creeping from the bottom to the surface. In the 8.40m and 10.40m columns, copulation, feeding and oviposition occurred at the deepest levels.
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Minnich, Nelson H. "Lateran V and Peace among Christian Princes." Annuarium Historiae Conciliorum 48, no. 2 (September 14, 2019): 309–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.30965/25890433-04802002.
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The establishment of peace among Christian princes was a task assigned to the Fifth Lateran Council (1512–17) by the election capitularies of Julius ii (1503–13) and Leo X (1513–21), formally adopted in the bull of convocation, and repeated in the conciliar speeches of the popes and orators. The popes intervened to settle squabbles among conciliar participants and had the council issue bulls calling for peace and mandating prayers for it and the sending of letters, nuncios, and legates to promote it. Outside the council chamber, Leo X worked tirelessly to negotiate peace terms that would unite the Christian princes in a joint crusade against the infidels. He ended the council with peace agreements in place that would be broken by the French and then by others.
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Shahmohammadi Beni, Mehrdad, Dragana Krstic, Dragoslav Nikezic, and Kwan Ngok Yu. "A calibration method for realistic neutron dosimetry in radiobiological experiments assisted by MCNP simulation." Journal of Radiation Research 57, no. 5 (September 1, 2016): 492–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jrr/rrw063.
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Abstract Many studies on biological effects of neutrons involve dose responses of neutrons, which rely on accurately determined absorbed doses in the irradiated cells or living organisms. Absorbed doses are difficult to measure, and are commonly surrogated with doses measured using separate detectors. The present work describes the determination of doses absorbed in the cell layer underneath a medium column ( DA ) and the doses absorbed in an ionization chamber ( DE ) from neutrons through computer simulations using the MCNP-5 code, and the subsequent determination of the conversion coefficients R (= DA / DE ). It was found that R in general decreased with increase in the medium thickness, which was due to elastic and inelastic scattering. For 2-MeV neutrons, conspicuous bulges in R values were observed at medium thicknesses of about 500, 1500, 2500 and 4000 μm, and these were attributed to carbon, oxygen and nitrogen nuclei, and were reflections of spikes in neutron interaction cross sections with these nuclei. For 0.1-MeV neutrons, no conspicuous bulges in R were observed (except one at ~2000 μm that was due to photon interactions), which was explained by the absence of prominent spikes in the interaction cross-sections with these nuclei for neutron energies <0.1 MeV. The ratio R could be increased by ~50% for small medium thickness if the incident neutron energy was reduced from 2 MeV to 0.1 MeV. As such, the absorbed doses in cells ( DA ) would vary with the incident neutron energies, even when the absorbed doses shown on the detector were the same.
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Mamutov, Alexander V., Sergey F. Golovashchenko, Nicolas M. Bessonov, and Viacheslav S. Mamutov. "Electrohydraulic Forming of Low Volume and Prototype Parts: Process Design and Practical Examples." Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing 5, no. 2 (May 13, 2021): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmmp5020047.
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Electro-Hydraulic Forming (EHF) is a high rate sheet metal forming process based on the electrical discharge of high voltage capacitors in a water-filled chamber. During the discharge, the pulsed pressure wave propagates from the electrodes and forms a sheet metal blank into a die. The performed literature review shows that this technology is suitable for forming parts of a broad range of dimensions and complex shapes. One of the barriers for broader implementation of this technology is the complexity of a full-scale simulation of EHF which includes the simulation of an expanding plasma channel, the propagation of waves in a fluid filled chamber, and the high-rate forming of a blank in contact with a rigid die. The objective of the presented paper is to establish methods of designing the EHF processes using simplified methods. The paper describes a numerical approach on how to define the shape of preforming pockets. The concept includes imposing principal strains from the formed blank into the initial mesh of the flat blank. The principal strains are applied with the opposite sign creating compression in the flat blank. The corresponding principal stresses in the blank are calculated based upon Hooke’s law. The blank is then virtually placed between two rigid plates. One of the plates has windows into which the material is getting bulged driven by the in-plane compressive stresses. The prediction of the shape of the bulged sheet provides the information on the shape of the preforming pockets. It is experimentally demonstrated that using these approaches, EHF forming is feasible for forming of a fragment of a decklid panel and a deep panel with complex curvature.
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Lowman, Graham H. "Moving Beyond Identification: Using Gamification To Attract and Retain Talent." Industrial and Organizational Psychology 9, no. 3 (September 2016): 677–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/iop.2016.70.
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As noted in the focal article (Chamorro-Premuzic, Winsborough, Sherman, & Hogan, 2016), recent advances in technology have provided new tools for talent identification; however, identification alone is not enough to win the war for talent (Chambers, Foulon, Handfield-Jones, Hankin, & Michael, 1998). Big data, social media, and mobile apps provide access to previously untapped information about individuals; unfortunately, that information has limited value if it cannot be used to attract and retain the top talent it identifies. Therefore, new tools for talent identification must also be vetted for how well they provide human resource (HR) practitioners a means for attracting top talent and retaining that talent. Although far from a silver bullet, gamification opens the door for collecting information on an individual's talent potential while also fostering organizational attraction and employee retention.
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LeCouter, J. E., B. Kablar, P. F. Whyte, C. Ying, and M. A. Rudnicki. "Strain-dependent embryonic lethality in mice lacking the retinoblastoma-related p130 gene." Development 125, no. 23 (December 1, 1998): 4669–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.125.23.4669.
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The retinoblastoma-related p130 protein is a member of a conserved family, consisting of Rb, p107 and p130, which are believed to play important roles in cell-cycle control and cellular differentiation. We have generated a null mutation in p130 by gene targeting and crossed the null allele into Balb/cJ and C57BL/6J strains of mice. In an enriched Balb/cJ genetic background, p130(−/−) embryos displayed arrested growth and died between embryonic days 11 and 13. Histological analysis revealed varying degrees of disorganization in neural and dermamyotomal structures. Immunohistochemistry with antibody reactive with Islet-1 indicated markedly reduced numbers of neurons in the spinal cord and dorsal root ganglia. Immunohistochemistry with antibody reactive with desmin indicated a similar reduction in the number of differentiated myocytes in the myotome. The myocardium of mutant embryos was abnormally thin and resembled an earlier staged two-chambered heart consisting of the bulbus cordis and the ventricular chamber. TUNEL analysis indicated the presence of extensive apoptosis in various tissues including the neural tube, the brain, the dermomyotome, but not the heart. Immunohistochemistry with antibody reactive with PCNA revealed increased cellular proliferation in the neural tube and the brain, and decreased proliferation in the heart. The placentas of p130(−/−) embryos did not display elevated apoptosis and were indistinguishable from wild type suggesting that the phenotype was not due to placental failure. Following a single cross with the C57BL/6 mice, p130(−/−) animals were derived that were viable and fertile. These results indicate that p130 in a Balb/cJ genetic background plays an essential role that is required for normal development. Moreover, our experiments establish that second-site modifier genes exist that have an epistatic relationship with p130.
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Ferreira, A. L., A. L. C. C. Borges, R. C. Mourão, R. R. Silva, A. C. A. Duque, J. S. Silva, A. S. Souza, L. C. Gonçalves, and P. H. A. Carvalho. "Energy partition, nutritional energy requirements and methane production in F1 Holstein × Gyr bulls, using the respirometric technique." Animal Production Science 59, no. 7 (2019): 1253. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an17432.
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The nutritional energy requirements of animals for maintenance and weight gain, such as the energy partition of the diet, were determined in different feeding plans. Fifteen F1 Holstein × Gyr, non-castrated male bovines with a mean initial liveweight of 302 kg were used. The diets were corn silage and concentrate, formulated to enable gains of 100, 500 and 900 g/day, called low, medium and high weight gains, respectively. Tests of digestibility and metabolism were conducted to determine energy losses through faeces, urine and methane emissions. Heat production was determined using respirometry chamber. Net energy for maintenance was calculated as the antilogarithm of the intercept of the regression of the logarithm of the heat production, as a function of the metabolisable energy intake. Retained energy was obtained by subtracting the heat production from the metabolisable energy intake. With the increased consumption of dry matter, there was an increase in faecal and urinary energy loss. Retained energy increased linearly with the metabolisable energy intake. The net energy for gain in the diet did not differ among the treatments, such as the efficiency of use of metabolisable energy for weight gain kg (0.34). The net energy for maintenance was 312 kJ/kg LW0.75, and the metabolisable energy for maintenance was 523 kJ/kg LW0.75. The daily methane production (g/day) increased with the dry matter level and the daily loss represented 5.31% of the gross energy consumption.
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Houlihan, D. F., C. Agnisola, A. R. Lyndon, C. Gray, and N. M. Hamilton. "Protein synthesis in a fish heart: responses to increased power output." Journal of Experimental Biology 137, no. 1 (July 1, 1988): 565–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.137.1.565.
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The effects of exercise on the rates of protein synthesis in the chambers of the trout heart were investigated in vitro and in vivo. An in vitro rainbow trout heart preparation was developed which permitted perfusion of the coronary supply to the compact region of the ventricular muscle. This preparation was used to examine the mechanical responses to preload pressures, the oxygen consumption at different power outputs and the rates of protein synthesis in the various heart components. By increasing preload pressure it was possible to double cardiac output, oxygen consumption and power output without changing heart rate. Mechanical efficiency of the hearts was approximately 20%. Perfusion of the coronary vessels improved cardiac output. Protein synthesis was measured in isolated hearts by the incorporation of [3H]phenylalanine added at high concentration (1.35 mmol l-1) to the perfusion medium. The various chambers of the heart showed marked differences in their rates of protein synthesis. Increasing cardiac output and power output in vitro by twofold over 20 min increased the fractional rate of protein synthesis by approximately 2.5-fold in the atrium and ventricle but did not affect the rates in the bulbus arteriosus. Perfusion of the coronary vessels significantly increased the rates of protein synthesis of the compact layer of the ventricle. In vivo there were no significant differences in the fractional protein synthesis rates between the atrium and ventricle; slow-speed continuous swimming over 40 min (1.5 body lengths s-1) caused an increase in the rates of protein synthesis in all the chambers except the bulbus arteriosus. The stimulation in the fractional rates of protein synthesis by approximately 32% was not as great as in vitro. Both in vivo and in vitro the increased rates of protein synthesis occurred without any change in RNA to protein ratios, indicating an improved activity of protein synthesis per unit of RNA. It is concluded that short-term increases in cardiac contractility, possibly acting through the mechanical stretch on the cardiac muscle, stimulated protein synthesis, particularly in the ventricle, through increased ribosomal activity.
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Garcia Guerra, A., M. G. Lüssenhoff, and G. M. Brogliatti. "91 MOTILITY (CASA) AND VIABILITY OF FROZEN SPERM AFTER DIFFERENT TIMES OF EXPOSURE AT 15°C." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 22, no. 1 (2010): 204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv22n1ab91.
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One of the key factors for successful long-term cryopreservation in liquid nitrogen is maintaining the samples at -130°C or lower at all times to avoid cell damage (Barth A 1991 Proc. 10th Annu. Conv. Am. ET Assoc., 20-26). Previous data reported that exposure of semen straw to ambient temperature for more than 15 s can raise the temperature above -130°C and could reduce sperm motility by subjective evaluation (Berndston et al. 1976 Proc. 6th NAAB Tech. Conf. Artif. Insem. Reprod., 51-60). The CASA system provides an opportunity to assess multiple motility characteristics on a semen sample objectively and with high repeatability. Two experiments were designed to evaluate the effect of exposing frozen semen in 0.5-mL straws for 15, 30, or 60 s to room temperature on motility characteristics assessed by CASA and viability parameters by vital stain, HOS test, and acrosome integrity. Thirty-three ejaculates from different bulls (88% British breeds) were used for CASA evaluation, and 12 ejaculates were from other bulls (7 Bos indicus and 4 Bos taurus) were used for viability evaluation. All ejaculates were diluted using a chemically semi-defined media (Andromed, Minitub, Germany) and frozen in an automatic freezer (Digicool, IMV, France). Five frozen straws per bull were used, one for each time of exposure and one as control (0 s = 0 time). Straws were exposed to room temperature (15°C ± 1.78) for different times and then placed back into liquid nitrogen. Semen thawing was conduced in a water bath at 37°C during 1 min. Motility characteristics were evaluated by the IVOS Sperm Analyzer (Hamilton Thorne Research). Two chambers of 20 μm depth and 5 fields per chamber were analyzed (30 frames/0.5 s for each field). Six motility parameters were evaluated: % of motile sperm; % of progressive sperm; VAP (path velocity, μm s-1); ALH (lateral amplitude, μm); BCF (beat frequency, Hz); and LIN (linearity, %). Viability characteristics were evaluated by % of live sperm (eosin-nigrosin); % positive to HOS test, and % of intact acrosome (Giemsa stain). A nonparametric AOV (Kruskal Wallis) test was used to compare variables among groups, and results are shown in Table 1. There was a reduction (P < 0.05) in the percentage of motile and progressive sperm when exposure to 15°C was longer than 30 s. The alive cells have similar motile characteristics as VAP, VCL, ALH, BCF, and LIN. The viability of spermatozoa was reduced (P < 0.05) when they were exposed to room temperature beyond 30 s. Also, a lower proportion of positive spermatozoa for HOS test was detected for exposures beyond 15 s. In conclusion, these results suggest sperm motility and viability would not be affected if straws are exposed up to 30 s to 15°C. Further study should be done regarding viability tests. Table 1.Motility and viability parameters of exposed frozen semen
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Prag, A. J. N. W., and Danaë Thimme. "Reconstructing King Midas: a First Report." Anatolian Studies 39 (December 1989): 159–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3642820.
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In 1957 the team from Pennsylvania University Museum excavating at Gordion in Phrygia entered the wooden burial chamber in the “Midas Mound”, the largest of the tumuli that dot the plain of the Sakarya. Inside they discovered the body of a man of 60–65 years, 1·59 m. (5′ 2½″) tall, lying on a bed, and surrounded by over 350 bronze vessels and ornaments, three iron stands, wooden furniture and a little pottery. Despite its traditional name, the excavator, Professor Rodney Young, doubted whether the tomb was indeed that of the most famous king of Phrygia, the Midas who according to Eusebius ruled from 738 to 696 B.C., which agrees with the Assyrian records: that king's reign ended with the destruction of his city by the invading Cimmerians. In some accounts the king committed suicide by drinking bull's blood, in others he was killed in the sack. Young believed that after this disaster the Phrygians could not have afforded so wealthy a burial nor so large a tumulus (it still measures some 53 m. high, and was originally 70 or 80 m. in height), and he preferred Midas' predecessor Gordios as the likely occupant of the tomb.
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Lamirand, V., B. Geslot, J. Wagemans, L. Borms, E. Malambu, P. Casoli, X. Jacquet, et al. "Miniature Fission Chambers Calibration in Pulse Mode: Interlaboratory Comparison at the ${\rm SCK}\bullet{\rm CEN}$ BR1 and CEA CALIBAN Reactors." IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science 61, no. 4 (August 2014): 2306–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tns.2014.2302541.
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Deineka, Kateryna, and Yurii Naumenko. "ESTABLISHING THE ROTATION SPEED VARIATION RANGE LIMITS FOR AUTO-EXCITATION OF SELF-OSCILLATING GRINDING IN A TUMBLING MILL." Technology transfer: fundamental principles and innovative technical solutions 4 (November 30, 2020): 32–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.21303/2585-6847.2020.001479.
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The influence of the structure of a two-fraction polygranular feed of the chamber on the value of the drum rotation speed at auto-excitation of self-excited oscillations with a maximum swing is considered. Such a pulsating mode of movement of the charge is used in the self-oscillating process of grinding in a tumbling mill. The coarse fraction simulated the grinding bodies was steel bullets with a relative size ψdb=0.026. The fine fraction, simulated the particles of the crushed material, was a cement clinker with a relative particle size ψdm=0.00013. Variable factors of experimental studies were: the degree of filling the chamber in the state of rest κbr=0.25; 0.29; 0.33 and the degree of filling the gaps between the particles of the coarse fraction with particles of the fine fraction κmbgr=0.0625; 0.375; 0.6875; 1. The method of visual analysis of transient processes of self-oscillating modes of feed behavior in the cross section of the rotating drum chamber is applied. Measurements of the speed limits of the drum rotation were carried out with auto-excitation of self-oscillations of the filling. The magnitude of the self-oscillation swing was estimated by the increase in the difference between the maximum and minimum values of the filling dilatancy for one period of pulsations. An increase in the upper limit of the speed range ψω2 with a decrease in κbr and κmbgr was established. The growth rate of ψω2 increases at low values of κbr and κmbgr. Some increase in the lower limit of the ψω1 range with a decrease in κbr and κmbgr was revealed. An increase in the range of speeds of rotation was recorded at the maximum range of self-oscillations ψω1–ψω2 with a decrease in the connected interaction of the intra-mill filling. This coherent interaction is due to an increase in κbr and κmbgr. The value of the ψω1–ψω2 range varies from 1.01–1.03 at κbr=0.33 and κmbg=1 to 1.22–1.66 at κbr=0.25 and κmbgr=0.0625. The range gets its maximum value with fine and superfine grinding
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MARCENIUK, ALEXANDRE P., and JOSÉ L. O. BIRINDELLI. "Morphology of the Gas Bladder in Sea Catfishes (Siluriformes: Ariidae)." Zootaxa 2579, no. 1 (August 30, 2010): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2579.1.4.
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The morphology of the gas bladder and associated structures in sea catfishes (Siluriformes: Ariidae) is studied. The most simple gas bladder, exclusive to Galeichthys Valenciennes, is apple-shaped with weakly developed internal trabeculae, has smooth walls externally and a short Müllerian window associated with a broad, short Müllerian ramus that is firmly attached to Baudelot’s ligament and supracleithrum. Most genera of Ariidae have a cordiform bladder with welldeveloped trabeculae, smooth walls externally, an elongate Müllerian window and an elongate Müllerian ramus with an acute tip that is free from the Baudelot’s ligament and supracleithrum. Sciades proops (Valenciennes) and S. parkeri (Traill) have a similar gas bladder but with a well-developed secondary chamber. Other genera of Ariidae also have a cordiform bladder with well-developed trabeculae and elongate Müllerian window, but with lateral diverticula present as shallow rounded bulges or blister-like swellings along the peripheral margins of the bladder. The degree of development of lateral diverticula varies among and within species, with Osteogeneiosus Bleeker having the most highly-developed diverticula. Bagre pinnimaculatus (Steindachner) and Bagre bagre (Linnaeus) have unusual depressed gas bladders with complex network of internal trabeculae. The implications of gas bladder morphology for the taxonomy and phylogenetic relationships of the family are discussed.
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Marrone, Raffaele, Angela Salzano, Antonio Di Francia, Lucia Vollano, Roberto Di Matteo, Anna Balestrieri, Aniello Anastasio, and Carmela Maria Assunta Barone. "Effects of Feeding and Maturation System on Qualitative Characteristics of Buffalo Meat (Bubalus bubalis)." Animals 10, no. 5 (May 21, 2020): 899. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10050899.
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We aimed to evaluate the effects of post dry ageing (PDA) period on meat colour and rheological characteristics in 16 buffalo bulls fed two different diets: with (FRS) or without (CTL) rye grass. Animals were randomly divided into two feeding groups and slaughtered at 540 ± 4.7 and 533 ± 7.0 kg of live body weight, respectively, for the CTL and FRS group. After five days post-mortem ageing (T0), Semitendinosus muscle (ST) and Longissimus muscle (LD) underwent a prolonged maturation process in a controlled meat chamber for 30 days (ST) and until 60 days (LD). After 30 days (T1), significant changes (p < 0.01) in meat colour (ΔE) in both muscles of the FRS group was recorded, while no significant change was observed in CTL group. The FRS diet had a positive effect on textural properties of ST muscle compared to CTL diet, as well as hardness, chewiness and gumminess. All qualitative characteristics improved in the first period of PDA but, whereas LD showed to keep improving, extending the post-ageing period by further 30 days, the ST becomes un-processable at 60 days. In conclusion, a combined used of fresh feeding and PDA period could enhance both tenderness and colour in animal fed FSR.
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Bergo, G. W., and I. Tyssebotn. "Repeated exposure to 5 bar normoxic He-N2 changes cerebral blood flow distribution in rats." Journal of Applied Physiology 78, no. 6 (June 1, 1995): 2109–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1995.78.6.2109.
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The regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF), arterial pressure (AP), heart rate, respiratory frequency, and arterial acid-base chemistry were measured during control periods at 1 bar air and after 15 and 60 min at 5 bar normoxic He (4.0 bar)-N2 (0.8 bar) in two groups of awake habituated rats. Group 1 (10 control rats) were exposed 40 times while restrained for 1 h in the pressure chamber at 1 bar air. Group 2 (10 rats) were restrained and exposed 40 times to normoxic 5 bar He-N2 atmosphere in the pressure chamber for 45 min. During the control period, the systolic and mean AP levels were higher (P < 0.05), whereas the average CBF and nine rCBF values were lower in the preexposed group. During 5-bar exposure, the systolic AP rose significantly in both groups, whereas the mean AP remained at the control level or was reduced. The arterial O2, CO2, and HCO3 changed identically in both groups relative to hyperventilation. Generally, the total and local CBF values increased during the first 15 min in both groups and for 60 min in the preexposed rats. After 60 min of exposure, the flow returned toward the control level in most regions in both groups, whereas the flow was still elevated in the cerebellum and mesencephalon in the control rats and in the bulbus olfactorius, mesencephalon, medulla oblongata, spinal cord, and posterior part of cortex cerebri in preexposed animals. Hypothalamic rCBF in control rats was reduced after 60 min.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Alvaro Garcia Guerra, A., and G. M. Brogliatti. "84 COMPUTER-ASSISTED SPERM ANALYSIS OF FROZEN SPERM MOTILITY AFTER REPEATED EXPOSURES TO ROOM TEMPERATURE." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 22, no. 1 (2010): 200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv22n1ab84.
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The key factorin long-term cryopreservation is the very low temperature of liquid nitrogen. Several studies suggest temperatures should be maintained at -130°C or less to avoid cell damage. Damage due to initial exposure may not be overt; however, after repeated exposures a reduction in postthaw viability may become evident (Barth A 1991 Proc. 10th Annu. Conv. Am. ET Assoc, 20-26). The CASA system provides an opportunity to assess multiple motility characteristics on a semen sample objectively and with high repeatability. An experiment was designed to evaluate the effect that repeated exposure of frozen semen in 0.5-mL straws during 15 s to room temperature produces on motility characteristics assessed by CASA system. Groups were formed according to the number of exposures per straw; groups were as follows: 0, 3, 5, and 10 times of exposure during 15 s. Thirty-two ejaculates from different bulls (15 Angus, 3 Hereford, 8 Brangus, 3 others) were diluted using a chemically semi-defined media (Andromed, Minitub, Germany) and frozen in an automatic freezer (Digicool, IMV, Paillette Crista, France). Four frozen straws per bull were used, one for each group. Straws were exposed to a room temperature (15°C ± 1.28) and then placed back into liquid nitrogen. Semen thawing was conduced in a water bath at 37°C during 1 min. Motility characteristics were evaluated by the IVOS Sperm Analyzer (Hamilton Thorne Research). Two chambers of 20 μm depth and 5 fields per chamber were analyzed (30 frames/0.5 s for each field). Seven motility parameters were evaluated: % of motile sperm; % of progressive sperm; VAP (path velocity, μms-1); VCL (track speed, μm/s); ALH (lateral amplitude, μm); BCF (beat frequency, Hz); and LIN (linearity, %). The Kruskal Wallis test was used to compare variables among groups, and results are shown in Table 1. The average temperature inside the straw after 15 s of exposure was of -122.6°C. No difference (P > 0.05) was found among the groups for any of the 7 motility parameters. In conclusion, sperm motility seems not to be affected if straws are exposed up to 10 times during 15 s to room temperature. More research should be done to test higher room temperatures and pregnancy rates after AI. Table 1.CASA parameters of frozen sperm after different numbers of exposures at 15°C
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Wallace, L. L. Mills, D. W. Vogt, R. J. Lipsey, G. B. Gamer, and C. N. Cornell. "Effects of Environmental Heat and Intake of Tall Fescue Seed Infested with Acremonium Coenophialum on the Acid-Base Status of Young Bulls." Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 8, no. 2 (April 1996): 233–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104063879600800214.
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Effects of high environmental temperature and dietary intake of tall fescue ( Festuca arundinacea) seed containing the endophyte Acremonium coenophialum on bovine acid-base status were studied using 3 groups of bull calves (2 Simmental, 1 Angus). Experimental animals were housed in controlled-climate chambers and subjected to gradual increases in environmental temperature, first while being fed an endophyte-free diet and then while being fed a diet containing 17% endophyte-infested fescue seed. Marked acid-base disturbances were not observed in any animals. In general, Pco2, HCO3-, base excess, and arterial blood pH values were reduced in response to heat stress, both with endophyte-free and endophyte-containing diets. In most individuals anion gap increased. These results reflected metabolic compensation for mild chronic alveolar hyperventilation and retention of organic acids. These findings suggest that, under conditions similar to those found during the summer in central Missouri, normal cattle should not be at great risk of developing respiratory alkalosis or other severe acid-base disturbances as a result of heat stress and/or intake of tall fescue endophyte.
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Kim, In-Rak. "The Origin and Daily Dose of Allii Chinensis Bulbus in Treatise on Cold Damage Diseases and Synopsis of Prescriptions of the Golden Chamber." Korea Journal of Herbology 32, no. 1 (January 30, 2017): 41–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.6116/kjh.2017.32.1.41.
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Cseh, S., T. Polichronopoulos, and L. Solti. "12PREDICTION OF BULL FERTILITY BY COMPUTER ASSISTED SEMEN ANALYSIS." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 16, no. 2 (2004): 128. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv16n1ab12.
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Sperm motility is clearly essential for fertilization both in vivo and in vitro. Motility is necessary for successful sperm transport, a step that is bypassed with in vitro fertilization. Recently, increasing attention has been paid to the objective evaluation and characterization of sperm motility more than simply determining the total proportion of motile spermatozoa. The purpose of computerassisted semen analysis (CASA) is to provide values for sperm concentration and sperm motility more rapidly and accurately than those obtained with traditional semen analyses methods. The objective of our experiment was to investigate the effect of specific aspects of sperm movement, such as the velocity of progression and the actual pattern of movement, to the fertilizing capability of sperm. Frozen semen samples of 10 HF breeding bulls were used in the study. For the motility analyses, Medealab CASA system (Medealab, Germany, Ver. 4.1) was used, and the velocity parameter of VCL (curvalinear velocity, μms−1), VSL (straight line velocity, μms−1), and VAP (average path velocity, μms−1) were evaluated and compared with the Day 30 and 75 non−return rates (NR30 and NR75). For every sample, a total of 10 fields were examined for 8s using a disposable 20 micron capillary chamber (CellVision, USA) giving a total of 1165 to 2831 cells evaluated. Chi square analysis, analyses of variance and linear correlation coefficient was applied to the statistical evaluation and comparison of the results. Data are based on weighted values. From the same batch of the analyzed frozen semen, a total of 8099 females were inseminated in more than 100 farms with a total of 6590 animals being positive for pregnancy at Day 30 and 4525 animals at Day 75. Within the bulls, differences were found in the values of NR30 and NR75 (P<0.05). Our data indicate very strong differences between the males’ NR30 and NR75 values (NR30: 65.6%±13.04 to 79.6%±11.17; P<0.001 and NR75: 37.8%±10.38 to 58.3%±15.53; P<0.001) reflecting the individual differences in the fertilizing capability of the males. All velocity parameters show very high correlation with strong significance both non−return rates but the best values belong to VAP (NR30 and NR75; P<0.02). Our data indicate that the bulls with lower VCL (25.51±33.04 to 79.54±58.03), VSL (11.35±19.45 to 36.36±35.71), and VAP (12.67±19.06 to 41.75±34.45) values showed lower fertilization rates both at NR30 and NR75. Computer and video technologies have advanced rapidly in recent years; thus the capability and accuracy of the latest versions of CASA systems are considerably better and they give more information about the different motion characteristics of spermatozoa. Because of the vital role of sperm motility in the reproductive process, such systems will enable us to move into a new era of diagnostic andrology and predict the fertilizing capability of semen. Supported by NKFP-Grants 4/040/2001 and 4/031/2001.
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Economou, G., E. Konstantinidi-Syvridi, I. Kougemitrou, M. Perraki, and D. C. Smith. "A MINERALOGICAL STUDY OF SOME MYCENAEAN SEALS EMPLOYING MOBILE RAMAN MICROSCOPY." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 43, no. 2 (January 23, 2017): 804. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.11246.
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The National Archaeological Museum in Athens is the largest archaeological museum in Greece, and one of the most important museums in the world, devoted to Ancient Greek art and history. Among other exhibits, it owns a large collection of gemstones some of which were used during prehistoric times (Mycenaean period) as seals. Their shape varies from round to oval, flattish or cylindrical, and they are delicately engraved as intaglios with a variety of depictions (lions, bulls, man, etc). They show a wide range of colours from reddish, brown, to purplish and blue. The six sealstones described here come from the Chamber Tombs of Mycenae (15th-14th cent. BC). Museum exhibit labels recognize them as varieties of quartz such as jasper (NAM 3138), sardonyx (NAM 2316 & 2865), agate (NAM 4928), amazonite (NAM 2863) and gold-mounted carnelian (NAM 6489). Raman Spectroscopic analysis has been carried out with a new MRM (Mobile Raman Microscope) using a Kaiser Holoprobe with a NIR 785nm laser. The Raman spectra acquired from 1s-60s measurements confirmed that, in all six sealstones, quartz was the major mineral species clearly identified by its characteristic peaks. The second most important phase was moganite, a little-known polymorph of quartz. The amber-coloured sealstone (NAM 6489) was confirmed as carnelian, whereas the blue-green amazonite-coloured sealstone (NAM 2863) was not detected as amazonite. Small amounts of haematite were detected in the NAM 2865 & NAM 3138.
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Garcia Guerra, A., M. P. Etcheverry, D. Rodriguez, G. Larraburu, and G. M. Brogliatti. "76 COMPUTER-ASSISTED SPERM ANALYSIS OF FROZEN SPERM MOTILITY AFTER DIFFERENT TIMES OF EXPOSURE AT 15°C." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 20, no. 1 (2008): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv20n1ab76.
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One of the key factors for successful long-term cryopreservation in liquid nitrogen is maintaining the samples at –130°C or lower at all times to avoid cell damage (Barth 1991 Proc. 10th Ann. Conv. Am. Embr. Transf. Assoc., 20–26). Previous data indicated that exposure of the semen straw to ambient temperature for more than 15 s can raise the temperature above –130°C and reduce sperm motility, as determined by subjective evaluation (Berndtson et al. 1976 Proc. 6th NAAB Tech. Conf. Artif. Insem. Reprod., 51–60). The computer-assisted semen analysis (CASA) system provides an opportunity to assess multiple motility characteristics on a semen sample objectively and with high repeatability. An experiment was designed to evaluate the effect of exposing frozen semen in 0.5-mL straws to room temperature for 15, 30, 60, or 120 s on motility characteristics assessed by CASA system. Twenty-eight ejaculates from different bulls (19 Angus, 7 Hereford, 1 Brangus, 1 Shorthorn) were diluted using a chemically semi-defined media (Andromed, Minitüb, Tiefenbach, Germany) and frozen in an automatic freezer (Digicool, IMV, Paillette Crista, France). Five frozen straws per bull were used, one for each time of exposure and one as control (0 s = 0 time). Straws were exposed to room temperature (15°C ± 0.78) for different times and then placed back into liquid nitrogen. Semen thawing was conducted in a water bath at 37°C for 1 min. Motility characteristics were evaluated by the IVOS SpermAnalyzer (Hamilton Thorne Research, Beverly, MA, USA). Two chambers of 20-μm depth and 5 fields per chamber were analyzed (30 frames/0.5 s for each field). Seven motility parameters were evaluated: motile sperm (%), progressive sperm (%), VAP (path velocity, μm s–1), VCL (track speed, μm s–1), ALH (lateral amplitude, μm), BCF (beat frequency, Hz), and LIN (Linearity, %). The Kruskal–Wallis test was used to compare variables among groups, and results are shown in Table 1. There is a significant difference (P < 0.05) in the % of motile and progressive sperm when time of exposure was increased. There was a drastic and significant reduction in the percentage of motile and progressive sperm when exposure to 15°C was longer than 30 s. The live cells had similar motile characteristics: VAP, VCL, ALH, BCF, and LIN. In conclusion, sperm motility would be affected if straws are exposed for more than 30 s. More research should be done to test higher room temperatures, detect viability effects, and determine pregnancy rates after AI. Table 1. CASA of frozen sperm motility characteristics at different times of exposure at 15°C This research was supported by Centro Genetico Bovino Eolia S.A.
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Sula, B., C. Ekinci, H. Uçak, D. Uçmak, ZM Akkurt, A. Aktaş, M. Arica, and E. Deveci. "Effects of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on rat facial skin." Human & Experimental Toxicology 35, no. 1 (March 4, 2015): 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0960327115575758.
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Introduction: We used immunohistochemistry to investigate the histopathologic effects of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) on the facial skin of rats. Material and methods: Rats in the HBO group ( n = 6) were placed in a 20 L HBO chamber at 2.5 atmospheres absolute at 25–26°C with 100% oxygen for 90 min/day for 7 days. Following euthanasia, sections of facial skin were removed for examination. Results: Epidermal hyperplasia and degeneration, basal-cell hypertrophy, subepithelial fibrosis, and increased connective tissue were observed in the HBO group. E-cadherin expression was reduced in the epidermis, hair follicles, and sebaceous glands in HBO-treated rats relative to control animals. HBO treatment was associated with vimentin immunoreactivity in fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and the bulbus pilorum of a subset of hair follicles. It also resulted in increased type IV collagen expression within the connective tissue in the hair follicles and sebaceous glands. Conclusion: The HBO group demonstrated epidermal hyperplasia and degeneration, basal-cell hypertrophy, and subepithelial fibrosis. In addition, HBO decreased E-cadherin expression, which suggests that HBO may impair intracellular adhesion. Expression of vimentin and type IV collagen was also observed in the dermis. Increased connective tissue, hemorrhage, and mononuclear cell infiltration were observed in the dermis of HBO-treated animals. Thus, HBO has effects on the structures of the epidermis and dermis.
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Słowiński, Jakub, Dawid Surmik, Piotr Duda, and Michał Zatoń. "Assessment of serpulid-hydroid association through the Jurassic: A case study from the Polish Basin." PLOS ONE 15, no. 12 (December 9, 2020): e0242924. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0242924.
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The coexistence of sessile, tube-dwelling polychaetes (serpulids) and hydroids, has been investigated. Serpulid tubes bearing traces after hydroids are derived from different stratigraphic intervals spanning the Middle and Upper Jurassic, the rocks of which represent the diverse paleoenvironments of the Polish Basin. Although fossil colonial hydroids classified under the species Protulophila gestroi are a commonly occurring symbiont of these polychaetes during the Late Cretaceous and Cenozoic, they seem to be significantly less frequent during the Jurassic and limited to specific paleoenvironments. The hydroids described here are represented by traces after a thin stolonal network with elongated polyp chambers that open to the outer polychaete tube’s surface with small, more or less subcircular apertures. Small chimney-like bulges around openings are an effect of the incorporation of the organism by in vivo embedment (bioclaustration) within the outer layers of the calcareous tube of the serpulid host. Considering the rich collection of well-preserved serpulid tubes (>3000 specimens), the frequency of bioclaustrated hydroids is very low, with an infestation percentage of only 0.6% (20 cases). It has been noticed that only specimens of the genus Propomatoceros from the Upper Bajocian, Lower Bathonian, Middle Bathonian, and Callovian have been found infested. However, the majority of bioclaustrated hydroids (17 cases) have been recorded in the Middle Bathonian serpulid species Propomatoceros lumbricalis coming from a single sampled site. Representatives of other genera are not affected, which is congruent with previous reports indicating that Protulophila gestroi was strongly selective in the choice of its host. A presumably commensal relationship is compared with the recent symbiosis between the hydroids of the genus Proboscidactyla and certain genera of sabellid polychaetes.
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Longobardi, V., G. Bifulco, G. Albero, A. Salzano, G. Zullo, D. Vecchio, and B. Gasparrini. "263 ADDING RESVERATROL TO THE EXTENDER AFFECTS PROTEIN TYROSINE PHOSPHORYLATION IN BUFFALO SPERM." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 27, no. 1 (2015): 221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv27n1ab263.
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Cryopreservation induces remarkable capacitation- like changes in buffalo sperm (Kadirvel et al. 2011 Theriogenology 75, 1630–1639; Elkhawagah et al. 2014 J. Buffalo Sci. 3, 3–11). The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of resveratrol, a natural phytoalexin with antioxidant properties, on capacitation status of frozen-thawed buffalo sperm, assessed by protein tyrosine phosphorylation assay. Three ejaculates from four bulls were used for the trial. Each ejaculate was split into two equal aliquots and diluted at 37°C with BioXcell extender containing no supplement (control) or 50 µM resveratrol, to a final concentration of 30 × 106 spermatozoa per mL. After 4 h at 4°C, straws were frozen in an automated system. Immediately after thawing, sperm motility was evaluated by phase-contrast microscopy, sperm viability by Trypan Blue/Giemsa staining and localization of phosphotyrosine proteins by indirect immunofluorescence, as described Kadirvel et al. (2011 Theriogenology 75, 1630–1639). Briefly, after thawing, semen was centrifuged (300 × g, 10 min), fixed in 2% formaldehyde for 1 h at 4°C, and sperm pellets were incubated overnight at 4°C in modified phosphate buffer saline containing 2% BSA. After centrifugation, sperm pellets were resuspended, diluted 1 : 10 in mPBS, smeared onto slides, air-dried, and permeabilized with absolute ethanol for 5 min. Then, spermatozoa were incubated with rabbit anti-phosphotyrosine primary antibody for 1 h at room temperature in a humid chamber. Slides were incubated with secondary antibody, FITC conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG, for 1 h in a dark humid chamber at room temperature and mounted with 90% glycerol. A total of 100 spermatozoa were screened per slide and classified as described (Luño et al. 2013 Reproduction 146, 315–324): pattern A: uniform fluorescence over the entire acrosome (low capacitation level); pattern E: signal in the equatorial segment (medium capacitation level); and pattern EA: fluorescence at both equatorial and acrosomal areas (high capacitation level). Data were analysed by chi-square. There were no significant differences between control and treated groups for sperm motility (50.0 and 55.0%, respectively) or viability (77.4 and 72.9%). The percentage of sperm cells that did not exhibit fluorescence was very low (2.4 and 4.3% in the control and resveratrol groups, respectively). In resveratrol-treated group, pattern E was higher than the control (4.9 and 2.0%; P < 0.01). More interestingly, in the resveratrol-treated group, an increased percentage of sperm with pattern A (79.6 and 52.5%) and a decreased percentage of sperm with pattern EA (12.2 and 43.1%) were recorded. Based on decreased sperm with a high capacitation level (EA pattern) and increased sperm with low capacitation level (A pattern) at thawing, we concluded that adding resveratrol to semen extender before cryopreservation of buffalo was beneficial.
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Víquez, Luis, Vinicio Barquero, Carles Soler, Eduardo R. S. Roldan, and Anthony Valverde. "Kinematic Sub-Populations in Bull Spermatozoa: A Comparison of Classical and Bayesian Approaches." Biology 9, no. 6 (June 26, 2020): 138. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology9060138.
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The ejaculate is heterogenous and sperm sub-populations with different kinematic patterns can be identified in various species. Nevertheless, although these sub-populations are statistically well defined, the statistical differences are not always relevant. The aim of the present study was to characterize kinematic sub-populations in sperm from two bovine species, and diluted with different commercial extenders, and to determine the statistical relevance of sub-populations through Bayesian analysis. Semen from 10 bulls was evaluated after thawing. An ISAS®v1 computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA)-Mot system was employed with an image acquisition rate of 50 Hz and ISAS®D4C20 counting chambers. Sub-populations of motile spermatozoa were characterized using multivariate procedures such as principal components (PCs) analysis and clustering methods (k-means model). Four different sperm sub-populations were identified from three PCs that involved progressiveness, velocity, and cell undulatory movement. The proportions of the different sperm sub-populations varied with the extender used and in the two species. Despite a statistical difference (p < 0.05) between extenders, the Bayesian analysis confirmed that only one of them (Triladyl®) presented relevant differences in kinematic patterns when compared with Tris-EY and OptiXcell®. Extenders differed in the proportion of sperm cells in each of the kinematic sub-populations. Similar patterns were identified in Bos taurus and Bos indicus. Bayesian results indicate that sub-populations SP1, SP2, and SP3 were different for PC criteria and these differences were relevant. For velocity, linearity, and progressiveness, the SP4 did not show a relevant difference regarding the other sperm sub-populations. The classical approach of clustering or sperm subpopulation thus may not have a direct biological meaning. Therefore, the biological relevance of sperm sub-populations needs to be reevaluated.
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Mendonça, Paula C., A. Gaylene Genge, Eric J. Deitch, and A. Kurt Gamperl. "Mechanisms responsible for the enhanced pumping capacity of the in situ winter flounder heart (Pseudopleuronectes americanus)." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 293, no. 5 (November 2007): R2112—R2119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00202.2007.
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In situ Starling and power output curves and in vitro pressure-volume curves were determined for winter flounder hearts, as well as the hearts of two other teleosts (Atlantic salmon and cod). In situ maximum cardiac output was not different between the three species (∼62 ml·min−1·kg−1). However, because of the small size of the flounder heart, maximum stroke volume per milliliter per gram ventricle was significantly greater (2.3) compared with cod (1.7) and salmon (1.4) and is the highest reported for teleosts. The maximum power output of the flounder heart (7.6 mW/g) was significantly lower than that measured in the salmon (9.7) and similar to the cod (7.8) but was achieved at a much lower output pressure (4.9 vs. 8.0 and 6.2 kPa, respectively). Although the flounder heart could not perform resting levels of cardiac function at subambient pressures, it was much more sensitive to filling pressure, a finding supported by pressure-volume curves, which showed that the flounder's heart chambers were more compliant. Finally, we report that the flounder's bulbus:ventricle mass ratio (0.59) was significantly higher than in the cod (0.37) and salmon (0.22). These data, which support previous studies suggesting that the flatfish cardiovascular system is a high-volume, low-pressure design, show that vis-à-fronte filling is not important in flatfish, and that some fish can achieve high levels of cardiac output by vis-à-tergo filling alone; and suggest that a large compliant bulbus assists the flounder heart in delivering extremely large stroke volumes at pressures that do not become limiting.
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Amiss, E., J. W. Stewart, V. M. Negrón-Pérez, K. Jones, H. Haines, M. L. Rhoads, F. S. Lima, and J. L. Stewart. "117 Supplementation of IVF medium with nerve growth factor improved bovine embryonic cleavage rates during summer months." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 32, no. 2 (2020): 185. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv32n2ab117.
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Nerve growth factor-β (NGF), a protein originally associated with regulation of neuron development, has been found to play a role in the reproductive system of mammals. Previous research showed that administration of NGF to cows resulted in enhanced conceptus development. Although these effects were speculated to be a result of improved corpus luteum function, whether NGF could act directly on the embryo remained undetermined. Therefore, the direct effects of NGF on fertilization and embryo development warrant investigation to see whether it can be used as a novel tool to improve cleavage and blastocyst rates when producing embryos via IVF during periods of suboptimal oocyte quality, such as with heat stress. The objective of this study was to explore how supplementation of NGF, purified from bull seminal plasma, during IVF may directly affect embryo development in oocytes harvested in the summer. Abattoir-derived bovine ovaries were used for recovery of cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) over eight replicates through May and June. On Day −1, COCs were collected and matured for 20h in oocyte maturation medium incubated at 38.5°C. On Day 0, matured oocytes were added to a solution of IVF-Tyrode's albumin lactate pyruvate (TALP) and either phosphate-buffered saline (PBS; control) or 100ngmL−1 NGF. Pooled frozen-thawed semen from two different bulls per replicate were added to the IVF solutions and incubated with COCs for 20h at 38.5°C in a humidified atmosphere of 5% CO2. On Day 1, zygotes were washed in HEPES-TALP, and cumulus cells were removed using 1% hyaluronidase. The zygotes were plated in synthetic oviductal fluid (SOF-BE2) culture medium and incubated at 38.5°C in a tri-gas chamber (5% CO2, 5% O2, and balanced N2). Cleavage rates were recorded at 24 and 48h, calculated by dividing the number of cleaved embryos by the total zygote count. Embryos were incubated until Day 8, when the rate of blastocysts was assessed. This study found that the treatment of IVF medium with NGF increased the cleavage rate of embryos after 48h (Control: 59%; NGF: 66%; P=0.04) and the hatched blastocyst percentage per oocyte on Day 8 (Control: 6.7%; NGF: 9.4%; P=0.01). The treatment did not affect the percentage of blastocysts per cleaved embryos (Control: 21%; NGF: 22%; P=0.16) or the hatched blastocyst rate at Day 8 (Control: 53%; NGF: 55%; P=0.67). These results show that NGF can act directly on the oocyte during fertilization to alter subsequent development, specifically through increased embryonic cleavage rates. Further studies are needed to assess different dosages of NGF in order to mitigate the detrimental effects of heat stress on oocyte competence for use in IVF. Follow-up studies using a whole-animal model are needed to understand the clinical relevance of these findings in the ability of embryos to promote maternal recognition of pregnancy.
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Berner, D. K., L. K. Paxson, W. L. Bruckart, D. G. Luster, M. McMahon, and J. L. Michael. "First Report of Silybum marianum as a Host of Puccinia punctiformis." Plant Disease 86, no. 11 (November 2002): 1271. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2002.86.11.1271b.
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Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. (milk thistle) is a problematic invasive weed in the western United States. The rust fungus, Puccinia punctiformis (F. Strauss) Rohl., is found throughout the world as a pathogen of Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. (Canadian thistle). Recently, plants of S. marianum grown from surface-disinfested seeds in our quarantine greenhouse were parasitized by a rust. Apparently, an isolate of P. punctiformis collected from C. arvense in Turkey that was present in the greenhouse had spread to adjacent S. marianum plants and caused infection without applying any artificial dew period. Ribosomal internal transcribed spacer region sequences from fungal spore DNA isolated from the two hosts were identical. Initial signs on S. marianum were abundant, fragrant spermogonia on large leaves. These signs occur on secondary shoots of C. arvense and are indicative of systemic fungal infection (1). As the fungus infection developed on S. marianum, uredinia and urediniospores were produced. Sori on older leaves also produced teliospores. Urediniospores from infected leaves were harvested and sprayed uniformly on eight 17-day-old plants of S. marianum grown in isolation from P. punctiformis. The spore suspension consisted of 4 mg urediniospores suspended in 40 ml distilled water. Inoculated plants were incubated for 18 h in a dew chamber at 20°C in the dark and transferred to a greenhouse (20 to 25°C, 30 to 50% relative humidity, and natural light). After 13 days, uredia with urediniospores developed on four of the plants. Using the same procedure, inoculations were repeated on plants of S. marianum and S. eburneum Coss. & Durieu (the only other species described in the genus) with urediniospores of a domestic isolate of the fungus from C. arvense in Maryland. Of 51 inoculated plants of S. marianum, 23 became infected and produced uredinia. None of the 12 inoculated plants of S. eburneum showed symptoms of infection. In nature, C. arvense and S. marianum occupy different ecological areas. C. arvense is found predominately in humid temperate habitats, while S. marianum is found in habitats with a dry Mediterranean climate. Life cycles of each host are also different. C. arvense is a perennial that emerges in spring and dies back in winter, while S. marianum is a winter annual that emerges in fall and dies in late spring. Because of the differences in life cycles combined with the different geographical distribution, P. punctiformis from C. arvense may rarely encounter susceptible S. marianum plants in the field. Since fungal spores can be produced routinely on artificially inoculated plants, there might be potential to use P. punctiformis for biological control of S. marianum. To our knowledge, this is the first report of S. marianum as a host for P. punctiformis. Reference: (1) A. H. R. Buller. Puccinia sauveolens and its sexual process. Page 345 in: Researches on Fungi. Vol VII. The Sexual Process in the Uredinales, Toronto, Canada, 1950.
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Brito, Mayara Ferreira, Beatriz Parzewski Neves, Guilherme De Oliveira Andrade, Rafael Ruas Gouvêa, Jaci Almeida, Camila Leite Morais, Olindo Assis Martins Filho, Márcio Sobreira Silva Araújo, Maria Isabel Vaz de Melo, and Marc Henry. "Low Density Lipoproteins at 2% Concentration Can Replace Whole Egg Yolk in TES-Tris-Milk Extender for Freezing Buffalo Sperm Cells." Acta Scientiae Veterinariae 46, no. 1 (May 16, 2018): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.22456/1679-9216.81815.
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Background: Over the years, the most commonly used extenders for semen cryopreservation contain egg yolk as cryoprotectant. However, more recent studies have used the low density lipoproteins, extract of hen egg yolk which is responsible for the cryoprotective effect. Nevertheless, little was known about its required minimum concentration as well as its interaction with other extra cellular cryoprotectants, like skimmed milk. The present study aimed at investigating the effect of replacing whole egg yolk by adding low density lipoproteins at low concentrations, in TES-Tris-skim milk based extender, on the post-thaw quality of buffalo bull sperm.Materials, Methods & Results: Eighteen ejaculates were collected from six buffalo bulls and diluted with TES-Tris-skim milk based extender containing LDL, extracted from hen egg yolks, at the concentrations of 2%, 4%, 8% and 14%, against a control extender containing 20% fresh egg yolk. After semen collection, analyses of subjective motility, vigor, force tourbillon, sperm concentration (Neubauer chamber) and sperm morphology (phase contrast microscopy) were performed. The diluted semen was packaged in 0.25 mL straws, and cooling was performed on computerized machine (TK 4000®), using a cooling rate of -0.25°C/min to 5°C. Semen was kept in balance at 5°C for 4 h. The straws were frozen in an ice chest, kept at 5 cm from the surface of liquid nitrogen for 20 min and then immersed in liquid nitrogen. The samples were kept in cryogenic container until thawing. Post-thaw kinetic parameters during incubation at 37°C (CASA), sperm membrane integrity (SYBR-14/PI), membrane functionality (hypo-osmotic swelling test) and DNA fragmentation (%DFI - SCSA) were evaluated after thawing. Immediately post-thaw, total motility was higher in the control (56.53 ± 9.73) than in the tested extenders; however, after 30 min the difference was no longer detected. All other kinetic parameters presented significantly better results in extenders containing 2%, 4% and 8% LDL, compared with the control. There was no difference between treatments regarding the integrity of membranes or fragmentation of the DNA after freezing/thawing procedures.Discussion: The molecules of low density lipoproteins of egg yolk have the known action of sequestering BSP ( binder of sperm proteins) protein, due to the chemical affinity of their main components, phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine. The BSP are responsible for removing cholesterol from the plasma membrane of the sperm, preparing it for the sperm capacitation phase. Low density lipoproteins by inhibiting the action of the BSP increase the stability of the plasma membrane during the freeze-thaw process. The milk caseins micelles have a similar ability to bind the BSP, but with lower affinity. The present study has shown that the use of purified low density lipoproteins has an advantage over the use of whole egg yolk, especially with regard to the kinetic parameters of the spermatozoa after thawing. Furthermore, it was observed that low concentrations of low density lipoproteins, such as 2%, in extenders containing skim milk, could preserve the sperm cell during the freeze-thawing process like that higher LDL concentrations and whole egg yolk. Further studies are needed to determine if the cryoprotectant action found in this study was a result of the synergistic action of skim milk with lipoproteins or even at low concentrations like 2% the lipoproteins can provide protection to the buffalo spermatozoa during freezing, as it has been reproduced in other domestic species. In conclusion, our results indicated that the extender TES-Tris-skim milk containing 2% LDL extracted from egg yolk could be used successfully in the cryopreservation of buffalo sperm cells.
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Polin, S. V., and M. N. Daragan. "REPEATED RESEARCH OF THE SCYTHIAN ROYAL ALEKSANDROPOLSKY KURGAN IN 2004—2009." Archaeology and Early History of Ukraine 27, no. 2 (June 22, 2018): 335–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.37445/adiu.2018.02.24.
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After excavation of the Aleksandropolsky kurgan in 1852—1856 there was variety of questions on the kurgan design, lo-age structure buried in it, on possible presence in the kurgan of unknown tombs and funeral feasts. The special attention was deserved by a question on kurgan dating at modern level. According to excavation 1852—1856 and 2004—2009 the Aleksandropolsky kurgan looks as follows.
Proceeding from volume of the remained sailings from excavation of the kurgan about 130000 m3, most probable height of Aleksandropolsky kurgan made 23—24 m, at diameter of the revetment about 80 m and diameter of a ditch of 110 m. The kurgan surface has been covered by a stone armour. At top of Aleksandropolsky kurgan there was Scythian or Polovcian a stone statue with which finds of a series of medieval products in 1852 and 2009 are connected. The kurgan surrounded an eartwork in height of 0.9—1.1 m, wich has passes from the western and east parties in width of 3.6—4.1 m. The eartwork had width from 6,5 m to 18—20 m. The eartwork has been built after carrying out of funeral feasts and blocked the layer of funeral feasts. Between eartwork and kurgan there was a ring ditch in diameter of 110 m, in the width 4.0—5.7 m and depth of 2.2—3.3 m. Stone revetment of Aleksandropolsky kurgan represented a vertical wall in height more than 4 m and diameter about 80 m, combined of huge stone plates. For building of the revetment 11 breeds of a stone have been used from the various deposits located 40—80 km from the kurgan on a straight line or from 80 to 160 km of real distances on roads. After end of funeral of royal persons, building of the embankment of Aleksandropolsky kurgan, building of the revetment around of it and the stone armour which has covered all surface of the kurgan, funeral feast near West side of the kurgan has been spent. On the area nearby 120 Ч 15 m (nearby 1800 м2) are found fragments of 457 Ancient Greek amphoras with 52 stamps, made in Gerakleja, Ikos, Chersonese, Fasos, Chios, Sinop, Menda and seven others for the present non-local Greek centers dated of 340—330 BC. Also bones of 99 animals eaten during funeral feast (bulls, horses, sheep, goats, dogs, pigs, a hare and a deer), fragments of Scythian modelled vessels, subjects of arms, a horse bridle, personal ornaments etc. are found. Some fragments of human bones that can testify to existence ritual cannibalism at Scythians. Among the funeral feast rests 11 burials of men, the woman and children of different age, which have been killed during funeral feast have been opened. Repeated excavation of Central tomb of the kurgan has allowed to specify its sizes and details of a design which had a bit different sizes and a configuration. Absence of lateral extortionate courses along longitudinal walls of the catacomb of Central tomb is reliably established. Also two more niches within the precincts of chamber, except one, opened in 1855 have been found. Modest enough sizes of the catacomb of Central tomb of Aleksandropolsky kurgan, structure of the things found here, defines possibility of funeral in the catacomb of the Central tomb of the man and the woman only. According to the newest anthropological definitions of skulls from the Central tomb belong to the woman of 20—35 years and the man at the age of more than 50 years. Proofs of full synchronism of all tombs and other objects of Aleksandropolsky kurgan (embankment, the revetment, ditch, nearkurgan funeral feast, subways) are received. Mysterious subways of Aleksandropolsky kurgan had ritual appointment. The kurgan has been plundered through a vertical well from kurgan top in an entrance hole of the Central tomb. At this robbery robbers used also subways.
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Carvalho, Juliana Botelho, Guilherme Peixoto Mendonça, Erika Tavares Ferreira, Celiana Ribeiro Pereira De Assis, and Núbia Cristina Do Carmo. "Dupla via de saída de ventrículo único do tipo esquerdo: uma cardiopatia congênita rara." Revista de Patologia do Tocantins 4, no. 4 (November 28, 2017): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.20873/uft.2446-6492.2017v4n4p26.
Full textAbstract:
A cardiopatia com dupla via de saída do ventrículo esquerdo (DVSVE) é uma anomalia rara, podendo estar associada com ventrículo esquerdo único, o que a torna mais incomum. Lactente, 6 meses, sexo feminino, admitida em pronto socorro com história de dificuldade de ganho de peso, cansaço às mamadas e atraso no desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor. À ausculta cardíaca apresentava bulhas hiperfonéticas e sopro holossistólico panfocal, mais audível em borda esternal esquerda. Ictus cordis palpável e propulsivo. Apresentava aumento do diâmetro anteroposterior torácico, com retração intercostal e subcostal. Radiografia de tórax demonstrou aumento da área cardíaca e da trama vascular; eletrocardiograma evidenciou sobrecarga atrial e ventricular esquerdas. O ecocardiograma demonstrou situs solitus em levocardia com ventrículo único tipo esquerdo, câmara ventricular direita rudimentar, com dupla via de saída de ventrículo esquerdo, aorta anterior e artéria pulmonar posterior dilatada. Mantida em internação para aguardar correção cirúrgica, evoluiu com quadro de pneumonia nosocomial, descompensação cardiovascular e respiratória, com necessidade de intubação orotraqueal e ventilação mecânica, tendo como desfecho o óbito. A DVSVE é uma entidade heterogênea com diversas variações anatômicas, sendo um delas o ventrículo único. A coexistência dessas associações se torna rara e pouco descrita na literatura. A avaliação do recém-nascido com suspeita de cardiopatia deve ser realizada de maneira cautelosa. O ecocardiograma permite a confirmação diagnóstica. Crianças com cardiopatia congênita apresentam maior risco de complicações infecciosas, sobretudo naquelas com hiperfluxo pulmonar. O tratamento é paliativo e consiste em intervenção cirúrgica. O diagnóstico precoce de cardiopatias congênitas passíveis de intervenção é fundamental para que seja programada a correção cirúrgica o mais breve possível, a fim de promover maior sobrevida ao paciente e reduzir a morbimortalidade.
Palavras-chave: Cardiopatias; Anomalia Congênita; Ventrículos do Coração.
ABSTRACT
Double outlet left ventricle heart disease is a rare anomaly and may be associated with a single ventricle of the left type, which makes it more uncommon. Infant, 6 months, female, admitted in the emergency room with history of difficulty gaining weight, tiredness to feedings and delayed neuropsychomotor development. Cardiac auscultation presented hyperphonectic sounds and panfocal holosystolic murmur, more audible at the left sternal border. Palpable and propulsive Ictus cordis. Thoracic diameter increased with intercostal and subcostal retraction. Chest X-ray showing increased cardiac area and vascular weave; Electrocardiogram showed atrial and left ventricular overload. The echocardiogram showed situs solitus in levocardia with single left ventricle, rudimentary right ventricle chamber, with left ventricular outflow tract, anterior aorta and dilated posterior pulmonary artery. Maintained in hospital to await surgical correction, evolution with hospitable pneumonia, cardiovascular and respiratory decompensating, requiring orotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation, with the outcome of death. The LVEDV is a heterogeneous entity with several anatomical variations, one of them being the single ventricle. A coexistence associates becomes rare and little described in the literature. An evaluation of the newborn with suspected cardiopathy should be performed with caution. The echocardiogram allows diagnostic confirmation. Children with congenital heart disease have an increased risk of infectious complications, especially in those with pulmonary hyperflow. The treatment is palliative and consists of surgical intervention. The prior diagnosis of congenital heart diseases that are amenable to intervention is essential for the timing of surgical correction or as soon as possible, in order to promote greater patient survival and reduce morbidity and mortality.
Keywords: Heart Diseases; Congenital Abnormalities; Heart Ventricles.
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Luo, Z. W., F. He, H. Y. Fan, X. H. Wang, M. Hua, F. C. Hu, X. H. Li, Z. X. Liu, and N. T. Yu. "First Report of Leaf Spot Disease Caused by Exserohilum rostratum on Pineapple in Hainan Province, China." Plant Disease 96, no. 3 (March 2012): 458. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-11-11-0979.
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Pineapple (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.) is an important perennial monocotyledonous plant that serves as an important fruit crop globally and is also produced in the Hainan Province of China where production in 2009 was 296,600 t. In July 2009, atypical symptoms of a leaf spot disease were observed on mature pineapple leaves in Chengmai County; approximately 15% of plants propagated from suckers became symptomatic after 150 to 300 days, eventually causing a 3 to 10% yield loss. In the initial infection stage, grayish white-to-yellowish white spots emerged on the leaf surfaces that ranged from 1.0 to 2.4 × 0.3 to 0.7 cm; black specks were not always present in the spots. Leaf spots also had distinctive light brown-to-reddish brown banding pattern on the edges. Several spots would often merge to form large lesions, 6.5 to 15.4 × 2.5 to 5.6 cm, covering more than 67% of the leaf surface, which can lead to death of the plant. Infected pineapple leaves collected from an orchard of Chengmai County were surface sterilized (75% ethanol for 30 s, 0.1% HgCl2 for 2 min, and rinsed three times in sterile distilled water). Leaf pieces were placed on potato dextrose agar medium and then incubated at 25°C. The emerging fungal colonies were grayish white to brown. Similar strains were obtained from Qionghai City and Wanning City subsequently. Two isolates, ITF0706-1 and ITF0706-2, were used in confirmation of the identity of the pathogen and in pathogenicity tests. Colonies were fast growing (more than 15 mm per day at 25 to 30°C) with dense aerial mycelia. Conidia were fusiform, pyriform to oval or cylindrical, olive brown to dark brown, 3 to 10 septate (typically 5 to 8), 33.2 to 102.5 × 9.0 to 21.3 μm, with a strongly protruding hilum bulged from the basal cell, which were similar to the Type A conidia described by Lin et al. (3). The strains were subjected to PCR amplification of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS)1-5.8S-ITS2 regions with universal primer pair ITS1/ITS4. The ITS sequence comparisons (GenBank Accession Nos. JN711431 and JN711432) shared between 99.60 and 99.83% identity with the isolate CATAS-ER01 (GenBank Accession No. GQ169762). According to morphological and molecular analysis, the two strains were identified as Exserohilum rostratum (Drechs.) Leonard & Suggs. Pathogenicity experiments were conducted five times and carried out by spraying a conidial suspension (105 CFU/ml) on newly matured leaves of healthy pineapple plants; plants sprayed with sterile water served as the negative control. Plants were incubated in the growth chamber at 20 to 25°C. Symptoms of leaf spot developed on test plants 7 days after inoculation while the control plants remained asymptomatic. Koch's postulates were fulfilled with the reisolation of the two fungal strains. Currently, E. rostratum is one of the most common pathogens on Bromeliads in Florida (2) and has been reported on Zea mays (4), Musa paradisiacal (3), and Calathea picturata (1) in China, but to our knowledge, this is the first report of leaf spot disease caused by E. rostratum on pineapple in Hainan Province of P.R. China. References: (1) L. L. Chern et al. Plant Dis. 95:1033, 2011. (2) R. M. Leahy. Plant Pathol. Circ. No. 393. Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services Division of Plant Industry, 1999. (3) S. H. Lin et al. Australas. Plant Pathol. 40:246, 2011. (4) J. N. Tsai et al. Plant Pathol. Bull. 10:181, 2001.
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Adams, Mark, and Eric J. Barth. "Dynamic Modeling and Design of a Bulk-Loaded Liquid Monopropellant Powered Rifle." Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control 130, no. 6 (September 24, 2008). http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2977464.
Full textAbstract:
This paper presents a dynamic model of the interior ballistics of an experimental liquid propellant powered rifle. The liquid propellant powered rifle described utilizes a mixture of hydroxyl ammonium nitrate and hydrocarbon fuel to replace gunpowder typically used in such firearms. The motivation for such a development is to discard the need for a shell casing whereby carrying only propellant and bullets will reduce both the mass and volume per shot carried by the soldier. A first-principles dynamic model of the interior ballistics is derived as a compressible fluid power problem with the chemical liberation of heat within the chamber modeled via a condensed-phase reaction rate law. The model is used to predict the overall performance in terms of ballistic kinetic energy as well as draw design insight regarding the role of friction, chamber geometry, and the profile of chamber pressure with respect to time. Simulation results are presented as well as preliminary experimental results from a proof-of-concept device.
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Doldi, Florian, Florian Reinke, Ali Yilmaz, and Lars Eckardt. "Bullet-associated ventricular tachycardia: a case report." European Heart Journal - Case Reports 5, no. 4 (April 1, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ehjcr/ytab101.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Background The majority of ventricular tachycardias (VTs) occurs in patients with structural heart disease and is associated with an increased risk of sudden cardiac death. These VT are scar-related and may develop in patients with ischaemic or non-ischaemic cardiomyopathies. Case summary We describe a 44-year-old patient without any pre-existing cardiovascular disease, presenting with the first documentation of a haemodynamically unstable sustained fast VT with a cycle length of 250 ms. He reported a suicidal attempt with a self-made handgun aged 16 when he had shot himself in the thorax and had injured the myocardium. After presenting with the VT coronary artery disease was excluded through cardiac catheterization. A cardiovascular magnetic resonance study showed a localized myocardial scar in the left ventricular free wall starting from the subepicardium and correlating to the scar described 28 years ago by the thoracic surgeons. In an electrophysiological study, non-sustained VT were easily inducible. Presuming a causal relationship between the fast VT and the epicardial scar, a single-chamber implantable cardioverter-defibrillator was implanted and beta-blocker therapy was initiated. Discussion Scar-related VT often occur many years after an acute event, e.g. an acute myocardial infarction. This case highlights, that any cardiac trauma, even a superficial epicardial projectile-related damage with subsequent scarring, may cause a VT after many years and to our knowledge for the first time describes the occurrence of a VT due to mechanical damage to the myocardium by a gunshot.