Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Champ deformation'
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Gamar, Fatiha. "Vision du champ de deformation tectonique par l'anisotropie de fissuration crustale." Paris 7, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA077092.
Full textKharchi, Fattoum. "Sur la mesure d'une energie de rupture en champ de deformation variable." Toulouse, INSA, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987ISAT0001.
Full textPOURRE, PATRICE. "Etude de la deformation du cortege electronique en presence d'un champ magnetique intense." Paris 11, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA112337.
Full textCaudal, Gérard. "Sur la facon dont le plasma piege a l'interieur des magnetospheres planetaires deforme le champ electrique et le champ magnetique qui y regnent." Paris 7, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA077101.
Full textMeyer, Véronique. "Champ de failles et deformation globale. Approches experimentales et numeriques. Applications au nord-ouest de l'argentine." Rennes 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997REN10062.
Full textSahyouni, Georges. "Modelisation mecanique avec endommagement progressif de la liaison acier-beton dans un cas axisymetrique." Toulouse, INSA, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986ISAT0024.
Full textMakroum, Hassan. "Etude du champ de pression et du tenseur de correlation pression-deformation en ecoulements turbulents homogenes en rotation." Paris 6, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA066267.
Full textFromenteau, Clément. "Sur le champ de Teichmüller des surfaces de Hopf." Thesis, Angers, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ANGE0094.
Full textThe goal of this phd thesis is to use stacks to study Teichmüller spaces in an analytic framework. Kodaira Spencer theory of infinitesimal deformations is not enough to describe teichmüller space as a global analytic object. Stack theory is very well adapted tostuying moduli spaces and quotients. however it is essentially developped in an algebraic context. We adapt this theory to an analytic framework and we use it on simple but interesting example of Hopf surfaces. In particular we give two concrete atlases of the Teichmüller stack of Hopf surfaces. We compute some of its homotopy groups and homology groups. Finally we give some applications to homotopy classes of deformations of Hopf surfaces
Gaffuri, Julien. "Généralisation automatique pour la prise en compte de thèmes champ : le modèle GAEL." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00323617.
Full textBOULANGER, DANIEL. "Theorie du champ de ligandes des coefficients de couplage orbite-reseau et spin-reseau des ions d**(5) dans les composes ii-vi." Paris 6, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA066098.
Full textMONTEIL, JEROME. "Traitement et analyse par une technique adaptee de flux optique du champ de deformation de materiaux a partir de sequence d'images de microscopie." Paris 7, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA077108.
Full textLaghmach, Rabia. "Modélisation de la cristallisation des élastomères sous sollicitation mécanique par champ de phase." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ISAL0061/document.
Full textNatural rubber NR and more generally elastomer presents unique physical properties that are very important for many engineering applications. Strain induced crystallization of elastomer presents a major interest because it improves considerably the mechanical properties. In fact, the presence of crystallites within the amorphous phase in a polymer network induces a strengthening of this material, giving NR a self-reinforcement character. In this thesis, we develop a mesoscopic model to describe the crystallization of elastomers under strain. In this context, we present a kinetic model using a new physical approach: a phase field model. This model combines the crystallization thermodynamics with the local stress field. The thermodynamic description of the phase transition is based on a Gibbs free energy functional F which contains all energy contributions of the system: the bulk contributions (enthalpy and entropy) and surface tension. To understand the experimental observation of nanometer size crystalites, an explicit account of the topological constraints induced by both entanglements and/or crosslinks is necessary. We investigated two limiting mechanisms, a kinetic limitation of the growth, and an energetic limitation. Based on both the kinetic and the energetic approaches, we have systematically studied the influence of topological constraints on the growth process. We have shown that the growth process is affected by the accumulation of elastic stress at the interface. The kinetic model predicts the existence of instabilities during the growth. These instabilities induce a heterogeneous dynamical growth which leads to the formation of dendrite like structures. On the contrary, the energetic approach predicts an exponential increase of the surface tension during the growth that limits the size of the crystallites very efficiently. In the last part we investigated elastomer crystallization under cyclic deformation. To this end, we coupled the previous energetic model with the nucleation process. Finally the simulation data are compared with experimental measurements
TAAN, ABDELKARIM. "Modelisation par la methode des elements finis d'un champ de deformation genere par des contraintes residuelles. Application au grenaillage et a la trempe des materiaux de structure aeronautique." Nantes, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995NANT2044.
Full textHinderer, Jacques. "Sur quelques effets en rotation et deformation d'une planete a noyau liquide, manteau elastique et couche fluide superficielle." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987STR13172.
Full textRobert, Romain. "Etude de la déformation dans une formation granulaire poreuse en régime compressif : du terrain au laboratoire." Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018CERG0971/document.
Full textDeformation bands are geological structures that occur in porous and granular material presenting a high porosity (>15%). These structures can be identified as compactive or dilatant, a shear component is also often observed. At the microscopic scale, it is possible to observe a grain rearrangement and an intense compaction and or shearing can lead to grain crushing (known as cataclasis), to form a thin deform zone that will modify the porosity and permeability of the rock. Deformation bands have a non-negligible impact on fluid flow, creating a barrier or a drain in the potential reservoir. The formation of such structures is mainly linked to the tectonic activity but also to the facies and other sedimentological parameters of the host rock. The understanding and the prediction of the occurrence and distribution of the bands is the main objective of this thesis.In this study we analyzed a deformation band site found in the Tremp basin, in the Aren formation localized in the South Central Pyrenean Zone. We defined the nature of these structures with macro and microstructural analysis and by adding a study of the magnetic anisotropy to constrain the shortening direction responsible to the band formation. We evidence two major types of bands showing different orientations and behavior: (1) Pure compaction bands (PCB), perpendicular to the shortening and (2) Shear enhanced compaction bands (SECB), oblique to the same shortening.In comparison with tectonic schedule in the studied area and time vs. burial data of the formation, we deducted that both types of bands took place at a shallow burial (<1km depth), which means short times after deposition. This localized deformation, showing mainly cataclasis, is associated to the growth of the Sant Corneli-Boixols fold and thrust belt. Such structures are not common at a shallow depth and we propose that the calcarenite facies of the host rock is the key factor to explain the band occurrence.Thereafter, we made analytical simulations based on geomechanical experimentations results that allowed us to constrain the stress state and orientations needed to create these structure and to determine the timing of formation compared to the burial of the layers during the growth of the Boixols thrust. The stresses magnitudes are expected to be really low in the case of an early deformation.Finally, we tested and compared our observations and hypothesis to numerical modeling where we analyzed the impact of the growth of a fold and thrust belt on the stress state and orientations and the analysis of potential deformation bands occurrence. The stress distribution and the potential occurrence of deformation bands in a porous reservoir presenting different characteristics and located in front of this fold were studied.With the modelizations results, we exposed that our hypothesis of shallow deformation bands are dependent from the position of failure envelopes (that are dependent on the rock lithology). To explain the band formation we studied in this thesis, a weak mechanical strength of the host rock is needed to form deformation bands at less than a depth of one kilometer. The pure compaction bands are associated to a potentially early layer-parallel shortening (LPS)
Ndoumbe, Jean. "Etude comportementale des gouttelettes d'eau déposées sur la surface d'un isolateur composite haute tension en présence du champ électrique." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00985438.
Full textLegendre, Lucie. "Cinématique des déformations fragiles dans la partie Nord de l'arc des Petites Antilles." Thesis, Antilles, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ANTI0276/document.
Full textTo the north of the Lesser Antilles subduction zone, from North to South, the obliquity of the subduction is decreasing. This study is focus on the consequences of the entrance of Bahamas bank buoyant plateau into the subduction by studying stress field evolution in the NE of the Caribbean plate since Eocene. This work show that the volcanic arc activity on Anguilla bank islands begin at the Eocene. The volcanic arc migration toward his actual localisation occurs during early Miocene – late Miocene period. The Oligo-Miocene period is transitional as a switch in the stress field from pure parallel-to-the-trench to radial extension occurs. A restoration of the regional deformation shows that this switch is related to strain partitioning initiation in the upper Caribbean Plate in response to trench bending that followed the entrance of the Bahamas Bank in the subduction zone. In the Guadeloupean archipelago, kinematic analyses onshore and offshore show a pure extension with a perpendicular-to-the-trench σ3. The similar faults orientations since Eocene confirm that inherited structures control strain localisation. At present day, in NE corner of the Lesser Antilles, the NW-SE main extensional direction of strike-slip stress regime is trench-parallel. In the Guadeloupean archipelago, the pure extensive stress regime is trench-perpendicular (NE-SW). These different orientations of the stress field are interpreted to be the result of increasing trench bending to the North responsible for a northern increase of subduction obliquity
FOURNIER, JEAN. "Generation d'ondes de choc par laser pulse de forte energie : applications mecaniques et metallurgiques." Palaiseau, École polytechnique, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989EPXX0007.
Full textBlache, Ludovic. "Représentation dynamique de modèles d'acteurs issus de reconstructions multi-vues." Thesis, Reims, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REIMS012/document.
Full text4D multi-view reconstruction technologies are more and more used in media production due to their abilities to produce a virtual clone of an actor from a simple video acquisition performed by a set of multi-viewpoint cameras. This approach is a major advance for the composition of animations which mix virtual and real images, and also offers new possibilities for the rendering of such complex hybrid scenes. The work described in this thesis takes parts in the RECOVER 3D project which aims at developing an innovative industrial framework for TV production, based on multi-view reconstruction, from studio acquisition to broadcasting. The major drawback of the methods used in this context is that they are not adapted to the reconstruction of dynamic scenes. The output are time series which describe the successive poses of the actor, figured as a sequence of static objects. The goal of this thesis is to transform these initial results into a dynamic 3D object where the actor is figured as an animated character. The research detailed in this manuscript presents two main contributions. The first one is centered on the computation of a motion flow which represents the displacements occurring in the reconstructed scene between two consecutive poses. The second one presents a mesh animation process that leads to the animation of a 3D model from one pose to another, following the motion flow. This two-step operation is repeated throughout the entire pose sequence to finally obtain a single animated mesh that matches the evolving shape of the reconstructed actor. Results show that our method is able to produce a temporally consistent mesh animation from various sequences of visual hulls
Jendoubi, Khemaïs. "Mesures locales et globales des paramètres mécaniques gouvernant la fissuration par fatigue." Poitiers, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987POIT2312.
Full textCAYOL, VALERIE. "Analyse elastostatique tridimensionnelle du champ de deformations des edifices volcaniques par elements frontieres mixtes." Paris 7, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA077027.
Full textBELGOUMENE, BERREZOUG. "Calcul des deformations nucleaires isovectorielles dans le cadre de la theorie du champ moyen." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993STR13057.
Full textBeauducel, François. "Structures et comportement mecanique du volcan merapi (java) : une approche methodologique du champ de deformations." Paris 7, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA077177.
Full textManea, Vladimir. "Penning-trap mass measurements of exotic rubidium and gold isotopes for a mean-field study of pairing and quadrupole correlations." Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA112246/document.
Full textThe most complex nuclei are situated between the magic and the mid-shell ones, in regions known for sudden changes of the trends of nuclear observables. These are the so-called shape-transition regions, where the nuclear paradigm changes from the vibrational liquid drop to the static rotor. With few exceptions, nuclei in these regions are radioactive, with half-lives dropping into the millisecond range.Complementing the information obtained from the low-lying excitation spectrum, nuclear binding energies and mean-square charge radii are among the observables most sensitive to these changes of nuclear structure. In the present work, a study of the shape-transition phenomenon is performed by measurements of radioactive nuclides produced by the ISOLDE facility at CERN. The masses of the neutron-rich rubidium isotopes 98−100Rb and of the neutron-deficient gold isotopes 180,185,188,190,191Au are determined using the Penning-trap mass spectrometer ISOLTRAP. The mass of 100Rb is determined for the first time. Significant deviations from the literature values are found for the isotopes 188,190Au. A new experimental method is presented, using a recently developed multi-reflection time-of-flight mass spectrometer as a beam-analysis tool for resonance-ionization laser spectroscopy. The new method opens the path to measurements of atomic hyperfine spectra with ISOLTRAP, from which charge radii and electromagnetic moments of radioactive nuclides can be extracted. The properties of the studied nuclides map the borders of two prominent regions of quadrupole deformation, which constrain the fine balance between pairing and quadrupole correlations in the nuclear ground states. This balance is studied by the Hartree-Fock- Bogoliubov (HFB) approach. The sensitivity of the shape-transition phenomenon to the strength of pairing correlations is demonstrated. In particular, the strong odd-even staggering of charge radii in the mercury isotopic chain is shown to result in the HFB approach from the fine interplay between pairing, quadrupole correlations and quasi-particle blocking
Thoué, Frédéric. "Quantification par imagerie tridimensionnelle de l'extension continentale et des déplacements associés : exemples au Kenya et au Yémen." Grenoble 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993GRE10200.
Full textLESIMPLE, MARC. "Propagation des champs de spin demi-entier dans l'espace de de sitter et deformations d'une theorie de jauge." Paris 6, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA066208.
Full textDia, Mouhamadou. "Hexahedral and prismatic solid-shell for nonlinear analysis of thin and medium-thick structures." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSEI040.
Full textThin or medium-thick structures are naturally present in most power generation facilities: reactor building, pressurized pipelines, metal tanks or tarpaulins, reactor vessel, metal liners of containment chambers, to name but a few. A need currently expressed by EDF's engineering units is the modeling of the blistering phenomena of metal liners in reactor facilities. A liner is a metal sheet type structure that provides the impermeability function of nuclear power plants. Its modeling requires taking into account a contact-friction phenomenon causing pinching on the shell, plasticity under the effect of blistering and geometric nonlinearity (buckling type instability). To model the thermo-mechanical behavior of such a structure, the finite elements of plates and shells currently available do not seem to be up to the task. The first limitation attributable to these elements is the assumption of plane stresses which prevents the consideration of some natively three-dimensional constitutive laws. Secondly, due to their formulation with rotational degrees of freedom these elements do not offer facility of use when solving problems that take into account non-linear effects such as large geometric transformations, bi-facial friction-contact, buckling and following pressures. An alternative would be to use standard volume elements. However, the prohibitive computing cost of the latter is difficult to access for many industrial applications. The aim of this work is to propose a solution to this problem. We have proposed a solid-shell finite element formulation enriched in their pinching stress and strain and capable of reproducing accurately the behaviour of thin structures. This new finite element works with any type of three-dimensional behaviour law without restriction on stress fields. It can also be used for all types of mechanical problems: linear and nonlinear, frictional contact, large transformation, buckling, displacement-dependent pressure, etc. The numerical simulations carried out show satisfactory performances
ANGOT, GAEL Pluvinage Guy. "ETUDE DE L'INFLUENCE DE L'ENTAILLE SUR LES CHAMPS DE DEFORMATIONS DANS LE DOMAINE PLASTIQUE POUR DES ACIERS DUCTILES ET PEU DUCTILES /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1997. ftp://ftp.scd.univ-metz.fr/pub/Theses/1997/Angot.Gael.SMZ9719.pdf.
Full textTran, V. N. H. "Restauration de la symétrie de parité intrinsèque dans les noyaux atomiques à partir d'approches de type champ moyen plus corrélations." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00525318.
Full textCandau, Nicolas. "Compréhension des mécanismes de cristallisation sous tension des élastomères en conditions quasi-statiques et dynamiques." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ISAL0057/document.
Full textStrain induced crystallization (SIC) of Natural Rubber (NR) has been the subject of a large number of studies since its discovery in 1929. However, the literature is very poor concerning the study of SIC when samples are deformed with a stretching time in the range of the SIC characteristic time (around 10msec-100msec). Thus, the aim of this thesis is to contribute to the understanding of the SIC phenomenon thanks to dynamic tensile tests at high strain rates. To meet this goal, we have developed a dynamic tensile test machine allowing stretching samples of elastomers at strain rates up to 290 s-1. The tests are carried out on four NR with different sulphur amount, two NR with different carbon black filler amounts. We also studied a synthetic rubber made of polyisoprene chains (IR) able to crystallize under strain. Dynamic tests are relatively difficult to interpret; a significant work has thus been first performed at slow strain rate. Moreover, the experiments are coupled with a thermodynamic approach. First, the general mechanisms associated to the crystallization are identified as follows: during mechanical loading or during cooling in the deformed state, SIC is the result of successive appearance of crystallite populations whose nucleation and growth depend on the local network density. Crystallization is enhanced when the cycle is performed above the melting stretching ratio. This phenomenon is attributed to a memory effect due to a permanent alignment of the chains. Finally, the effect of the strain rate is theoretically described thanks to a diffusion term. This approach, coupled with experiments suggests that SIC is mainly governed by the nucleation kinetics. For the dynamic test, the combination of the memory effect and the acceleration of the melting during the cycle lead to a reduction or even disappearance of the crystalline hysteresis. In addition, self-heating, which progressively increases with the frequency of the cycle, causes the delay of the melting stretching ratio. This well explains why the crystallinity index decreases at the minimum stretching ratio of the dynamic cycles when the frequency increases. We finally compared the ability of our different rubbers to crystallize at high strain rates. SIC is enhanced for the weakly crosslinked rubber. This might be related to the dynamics of its free entanglements, these ones acting as supplementary crosslinks at high strain rates. Then, a filled rubber is compared to the unfilled one. We found that the filled sample has a lower ability to crystallize at high strain rates as compared to the unfilled one. This is likely due to the strong self-heating at the interface between the fillers and the rubbery matrix. Finally, we observe a convergence of crystallization kinetics in natural and synthetic rubbers at high strains and high strain rates. This is attributed to the predominance of the entropic energy in the nucleation kinetics in these experimental conditions
Brik, Mostafa El Mehdi. "Influence des champs électriques sur l’écoulement au sein d’une goutte isolée et leurs effets sur les interactions entre gouttes." Thesis, Pau, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PAUU3040/document.
Full textDrops and bubbles interactions are encountered in various industrial and environmental applications. In this work, we focus on the electro-coalescence which has important industrial uses such as the destabilization of water / oil emulsions (coalescence of water droplets in oil). This study was devoted to the development and the elaboration of numerical models based on the Navier-Stokes equations and those describing the electrical field on a single drop as well as the interaction between two drops, and more particularly the effect of hydrodynamic and electrostatic forces on the thinning mechanism of the film separating the two drops. According to the treated cases, the interface tracking is achieved either by using the LS method (Level Set) or using the MM method (Moving Mesh). Numerical solutions were obtained using the commercial CFD software COMSOL Multiphysics. During the first step, we analyzed the effect of an electrical field on the deformation of a single suspended drop in another viscous fluid, for different physical and electrical properties of the two fluids. The model was tested and validated by comparison with existing analytical solutions and numerical studies found in the literature. We also analyzed the influence of the electric field on the generation of a secondary drop during the coalescence between a drop and a deformable liquid-liquid interface. In a second step, we investigated the drainage and deformation of two drops in interaction under the effect of a constant force. Unlike the lubrication theory which is based among others, on the assumption of a small interface deformation, in this work, no simplifying assumptions were used for the solution of equations, which allowed us to obtain numerical solutions for both small and large deformations. For the third step, we examined the rise of two drops of n-butanol in water under the influence of buoyancy force. The evolution of the drops terminal ascension velocity (leading drop/trailing drop), and the drainage of the film separating the two drops were analyzed in the presence and in the absence of electrical field
Solle, Julien. "Contribution à la caractérisation expérimentale et à la modélisation des champs de pression, de deformations et de contraintes induits par un contact élastique entre composants mécaniques." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM4133/document.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to evaluate pressure, strain and stress fields induced by a localized contact between mechanical parts. As the different methods have been explored, it appeared that all existent methods just measure physical quantities only indirectly related to the data of interest. By searching a more direct method, the idea of characterizing the deformation of the surface of contact between parts allowed to find a way of measurement: chromatic confocal microscopy. Thus, measuring this surface by transparency and using Boussinesq and Cerrutti potential theory allows first to calculate the pressure field at the contact between the parts but also to evaluate the other associated elastic fields. This approach also helped to develop an original and highly simulation method of localized contact applying to any contact geometry
Bock, Olivier. "Etude et realisation d'un telemetre laser aeroporte en champ large sur cibles reflechissantes terrestres pour la mesure rapide de deformations verticales du sol. Etude de l'adaptation du systeme a un vehicule satellitaire." Paris 7, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA077300.
Full textTran, Viet Nhan Hao. "Restauration de la symétrie de parité intrinsèque dans les noyaux atomiques à partir d'approches de type champ moyen plus corrélations." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR14016/document.
Full textThis thesis has been concerned with the restoration of the left-right symmetry broken in some instances. This has been achieved in the framework of the Higher Tamm-Dancoff Approximation (HTDA) proposed by the Bordeaux group to treat correlations in an explicitly particle-number conserving microscopic approach. The parity-projected calculations performed within a PAV (projection after variation) method using a generalized Wick's theorem due to Löwdin has appeared to be a very well-suited frame. It has been implemented within a simple model approach. This has been proposed to clear out some difficulties appearing when one uses an Energy Density Functional approach with an energy density functional issued from an underlying Skyrme interaction. As a result we obtain a fairly good global agreement of our results with previous ones issuing from an HFB approach or its HF+BCS limit, for some heavy nuclei exhibiting a stable octupole deformation or at least a remarkable smoothness for this collective mode. As another result, we have shown that the projection on a positive parity solution is able to reduce the second fission barrier height by about 1 MeV
Zou, Naifu. "Deformation mechanisms of polycrystalline Ni-Mn-Ga alloy induced by mechanical and thermo-mechanical training." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0358.
Full textExternal field training is proven to be an effective way to improve the magnetic-field-induced strain (MFIS) in Ni-Mn-Ga Heusler type alloys by eliminating the unfavorable variants. To guide the training procedure, the training mechanisms of alloys with 5M or NM martensite have been investigated, whereas those for alloys with 7M martensite are not fully clarified. In this work, the mechanisms of mechanical and thermo-mechanical training were studied by analyzing the microstructure and crystallographic orientation evolution during these processes.Firstly, microstructure and crystallographic characterizations were performed on the as-annealed Ni50Mn30Ga20 alloy. 5 colonies transformed from one parent austenite grain were observed with each colony consisting of four variants with Type-I, Type-II and compound Transformation (TrF)-twin relations. By assuming an applied compressive load along the solidification direction (SD), 5 colonies could be divided into two groups with respect of the Schmid factor (SF) of detwinning systems of Type-I/Type-II TrF-twin of the in-colony variants: three of them have high SF and referred to as high SF colonies and the other two low SF colonies.Then unidirectional compression was performed on the alloy with the load applied along the SD. By characterizing the microstructure evolution and crystallographic orientation change, the deformation mechanisms were analyzed. The deformation in the early stage was mainly located in some band regions initiated from the high SF colonies and going through the low SF colonies. The detwinning of Type-II/Type-I TrF-twin occurred primarily in high SF colonies, resulting in the thickening of the favorable 7M variants at the expense of the adjacent variants. The twinning of Type-I/Type-II Deformation (DeF)-twin and shuffling systems of the variants in low SF colonies were activated, leading to the formation of new 7M variants and NM. The corresponding strains in the low SF colonies were highly coordinated with those in the high SF colonies allowing the formation of the deformation bands and the accommodation of the macroscopic strain. During the late stage, twinning of Type-I/Type-II DeF-twin and shuffling further progressed to coordinate the macroscopic strain. Reverse shuffling process was activated to accommodate the local deformation. The numbers of colony and variant were greatly reduced.The path and the product of martensitic transformation were also strongly affected by the imposed macroscopic deformation. Under a small load, austenite transformed to 5M martensite following both the Pitsch and a new OR rather than the self-accommodated 7M martensite under the Pitsch OR. With the increase of the applied load, austenite transformed almost simultaneously to 7M martensite under a new OR and 5M martensite. After the martensitic transformation, 5M further transformed to 7M martensite with the decrease of the temperature under the applied load. The martensitic transformation was modified by the external stress in terms of the transformation product and the transformation strain path to accommodate the imposed macroscopic deformation.This work offers new insights into the deformation mechanisms of the Ni-Mn-Ga alloys under unidirectional compression that are useful for the design of effective training procedures and provides new perspectives on further investigations of external field training on Ni-Mn-Ga alloys
Marques, Sophie. "Ramification modérée pour des actions de schémas en groupes affines et pour des champs quotients." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00858404.
Full textOccelli, Matthieu. "Explicit dynamics isogeometric analysis : lr b-splines implementation in the radioss solver." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSEI102/document.
Full textIsoGeometric Analysis has shown to be a very promising tool for an integrated design and analysis process. A challenging task is still to move IGA from a proof of concept to a convenient design tool for industry and this work contributes to this endeavor. This work deals with the implementation of the IGA into Altair Radioss explicit finite element solver in order to address crash and stamping simulation applications. To this end, the necessary ingredients to a smooth integration of IGA in a traditional finite element code have been identified and adapted to the existing code architecture. A solid B-Spline element has been developed in Altair Radioss. The estimations of heuristic element and nodal stable time increment are explored to improve the accuracy of simulations and guarantee their stability. An existing contact interface has been extended in order to work seamlessly with both NURBS and Lagrange finite elements. As local refinement is needed for solution approximation, an analysis is made in terms of analysis suitability and implementation aspects for several Spline basis functions as Hierarchical B-Splines (HB-Splines), Truncated Hierarchical B-Splines (THB-Splines), T-Splines and Locally Refined B-Splines (LR B-Splines). The LR B-Spline basis is implemented. An improved refinement scheme is introduced and defines a set of analysis-suitable refinements to be used in Radioss. The refinement process of a regular coarse mesh is developed inside the solver. It allows the user to define a local refinement giving a set of instructions in the input file. The global solution is validated on industrial benchmarks, for validation cases conventionally used for industrial codes like stamping and drop test
Blot, Xavier. "La série de Witten-Kontsevich quantique." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020SORUS017.
Full textThe main theorem of this PhD thesis states the following: the genus 0 coefficients of the quantum Witten- Kontsevich series defined by Buryak, Dubrovin, Guéré, and Rossi are equal to the coefficients of the polynomials defined by Goulden, Jackson, and Vakil in their study of double Hurwitz numbers. We also prove several other results on the quantum Witten-Kontsevich series. The classical Witten-Kontsevich series is a generating series of intersection numbers on the moduli spaces of stable curves. The Witten conjecture, proved by Kontsevich, asserts that this series is the logarithm of a tau function of the KdV hierarchy. In 2016, Buryak and Rossi introduced a new way to construct quantum integrable hierarchies, including a quantum KdV hierarchy. Buryak, Dubrovin, Guéré and Rossi then defined quantum tau functions, one of which is the quantum Witten-Kontsevich series. This series depends on two parameters: the genus parameter _ and the quantization parameter ~. It reduces to the Witten-Kontsevich series when we plug ~ = 0. One-part double Hurwitz numbers count non-equivalent holomorphic maps from a Riemann surface of genus g to P1 with a prescribed ramification profile over 0, a complete ramification over 1, and a given number of simple ramifications elsewhere. Goulden, Jackson and Vakil proved that these numbers are polynomial in the orders of ramification over 0. We show that the coefficients of these polynomials are equal to the coefficients of the quantum Witten-Kontsevich series with _ = 0. In Chapter 1, we present the setting of the classical and quantum integrable hierarchies that we will use. We also present the construction of classical and quantum tau functions. In Chapter 2, we present the moduli spaces of curves Mg;n and their tautological rings. We briefly review the Witten conjecture. Then we introduce the double ramification cycle and discuss various methods for computing it. This cycle is needed to define the Hamiltonians of quantum integrable hierarchies. In Chapter 3, we present the quantum KdV hierarchy and some of its properties. We then define the quantum Witten-Kontsevich series as a particular quantum tau function of this hierarchy. In Chapter 4, we introduce Hurwitz numbers. We first present a remarkable link between the quantum KdV hierarchy and the cut-and-join equation. Then we introduce the so-called one-part double Hurwitz numbers. Their relation with the quantum Witten-Kontsevich series is the main result ot this thesis. In Chapter 5, we present Eulerian numbers. These numbers appear in the computations of the coefficients of the quantum Witten-Kontsevich series. Their properties are crucial for our proofs. In Chapter 6, we formulate and prove our main theorem and other results on the quantum Witten- Kontsevich series
Labine, Alexandre. "Méthodes de génération et de validation de champs de déformation pour la recombinaison de distribution de dose à l’aide d’images 4DCT dans le cadre d’une planification de traitement de cancers pulmonaires." Thèse, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/12456.
Full textPurpose: To allow a reliable deformable image registration (DIR) method for dose calculation in radiation therapy and to investigate an automatic vessel bifurcations detection algorithm for DIR assessment to improve lung cancer radiation treatment. Methods: 15 4DCT datasets are acquired and deep exhale respiratory phases are exported to Varian treatment planning system (TPS) Eclipse^{\text{TM}} for contouring. Voxelized contours are smoothed by a Gaussian filter and then transformed into a surface mesh representation. Such mesh is adapted by rigid and elastic deformations based on hierarchical surface deformation to match each subsequent lung volumes. The segmentation efficiency is assessed by comparing the segmented lung contour and the TPS contour considering two volume metrics, defined as Volumetric Overlap Error (VOE) [%] and Relative Volume Difference (RVD) [%] and three surface metrics, defined as Average Symmetric Surface Distance (ASSD) [mm], Root Mean Square Symmetric Surface Distance (RMSSD) [mm] and Maximum Symmetric Surface Distance (MSSD) [mm]. Vesselness filter was applied within the segmented lung volumes to identify blood vessels and airways. Segmented blood vessels and airways were skeletonised using a hierarchical curve-skeleton algorithm based on a generalized potential field approach. A graph representation of the computed skeleton was generated to assign one of three labels to each node: the termination node, the continuation node or the branching node. Results: The volume metrics obtained are a VOE of 7.6 ± 2.5[%] / 6.8 ± 2.1[%] and a RVD of 6.8 ± 2.4 [%] / 5.9 ± 1.9 [%] respectively for left and right lung. The surface metrics computed are an ASSD of 0.8 ± 0.2 [mm] / 0.8 ± 0.2 [mm], a RMSSD of 1.2 ± 0.2 [mm] / 1.3 ± 0.3 [mm] and a MSSD of 7.7 ± 2.4 [mm] / 10.2 ± 5.2 [mm] respectively for left and right lung. 320 ± 51 bifurcations were detected in the right lung of a patient for the 10 breathing phases. 92 ± 10 bifurcations were found in the upper half of the lung and 228 ± 45 bifurcations were found in the lower half of the lung. Discrepancies between ten vessel trees were mainly ascribed to the segmentation methode. Conclusions: This study shows that the morphological segmentation algorithm can provide an automatic method to capture an organ motion from 4DCT scans and translate it into a volume deformation grid needed by DIR method for dose distribution combination. We also established an automatic method for DIR assessment using the morphological information of the patient anatomy. This approach allows a description of the lung’s internal structure movement, which is needed to validate the DIR deformation fields.