Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Champ électrique intense'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 45 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Champ électrique intense.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Brouche, Marwan. "Conduction électrique dans les hydrocarbures aromatiques sous champ intense." Grenoble INPG, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994INPG0081.
Full textKieffel, Yannick. "Comportement de la polyaniline sous champ électrique intense : effets du vieillissement." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001GRE10238.
Full textVenturi, Linda. "Etude des propriétés de photoluminescence de nano-matériaux sous champ électrique intense." Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMR118.
Full textIn this thesis, the Laser-assisted Atom Probe Tomography is coupled in-situ with a photoluminescence (PL) bench, where the pulsed laser radiation is used to trigger the ion evaporation from the specimens and, simultaneously, to activate the emission from optically active centers present into the material. For this work, two different materials were selected: diamond nano-needles with embed- ded optically active defects (color centers) and a ZnO/(Mg,Zn)O multi-quantum-well (MQW) heterostructure, which contains quantum emitters of different thicknesses. Thanks to this original photoluminescence setup, the influence of the electric field on the fine structure of some color centers, embedded into the diamond nanoneedles, was observed. The first study focused on the neutral nitrogen-vacancy center (NV0), which is one among the most studied color centers in literature. The evolution of the NV0 optical signature, as a function of the applied bias, allowed to evaluate the mechanical stress (> 1 GPa) and the electric-field acting on diamond tips. These results demon- strate an original new method to perform contactless piezo-spectroscopy of nanoscale systems under uniaxial tensile stress, generated by the electric field. This method was applied also on another color center, which nature is still not clear in literature, emitting at 2.65 eV, and more sensitive than the NV0 color centers to the stress/strain field. New results on its opto-mechanical properties were obtained, but its identity still needs to be understood. Since the evaporation field of diamond is really high, the diamond nanoneedles were not analyzed using La-APT. Therefore the coupled in-situ technique was applied in order to study the ZnO/(Mg,Zn)O MQW heterostructure, accessing to the structure, composition and optical signature of the probed specimen in only one experiment. The photoluminescence spectra acquired by the specimen during its ongoing evaporation represents a unique source of information for the understanding of the mechanism of light-matter interaction and the physics of photoemission under high electric field. The correlation of the structural and optical information, related to this MQW heterostructure, demonstrates that the coupled in-situ technique can overlap the diffraction limit of the PL laser and that, as done for the diamond nanoneedles, is pos- sible to estimate the induced-tensile-stress. The results achieved by the in-situ coupling of the La-APT technique with the PL spec- troscopy show that such instrument is an innovative and powerful technique to perform research at the nanometric scale. For this reason, this work can open new perspectives for a deeply understanding of the physicics related to the studied systems in parallel with the continuous enhancement of the experimental setup
Bonifaci, Nelly. "Analyse spectrale de la lumière émise dans les diélectriques liquides sous champ électrique intense." Grenoble INPG, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992INPG0014.
Full textPellen, Marion. "Elaboration de ferroélectriques/ferroélastiques sous champ électrique intense : cas des pérovskites CaTiO3 et BaTiO3." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS489/document.
Full textIn this work, we investigate electric field effect (>3 kV.cm-1) on perovskite compound, CaTiO3 (ferroelastic) and BaTiO3 (ferroelectric). This electric field acts like an external force in selection, orientation and distribution of piezoelectric/ferroelastic domains. The electric field can act on nucleation, the partition coefficient of species and the possible modification phases diagrams of a material during its growth. Indeed ions within an electric field see their energy changing which implies a new thermodynamic equilibrium.In the first part, we discuss about crystal growth of CaTiO3 with different growth parameters (velocity of cristal growth vG, electric potential V). By varying this parameters, we can control crystal shape and can alter the crystalline orientation of domains. Same results are found with BaTiO3.In a second step, we used Mirror Electron Micrsocopy (MEM) and Low Energy Electron Microscopy (LEEM) to caracterize domains walls at the surface of calcium titanate. Polarity of domains walls have been prooved recently, and so we have investigated surface potential between samples grown under or without electric field
Jawichian, Alex. "Effet d'un champ électrique ac non uniforme non intense sur un liquide diélectrique différentiellement chauffé." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020GRALI068.
Full textIn this thesis, the concept of steady-state dielectrophoretic-induced convection in confined dielectric liquids, by means of non-uniform non-intense electric fields, is introduced and investigated. First, theoretical foundations of electrohydrodynamics are presented and a multiphysics coupling between fluids mechanics, heat transfers, and electrostatics is made evident. It is shown that a dielectrophoretic (DEP) torque arises at leading order provided that a non-uniform electric field is imposed. Thus, in microgravity conditions, the possibility of setting a dielectric liquid in motion, even with a modest electric field intensity, is shown to be finally conceivable in conductive regime as well as in boundary layer regime. In this work, steady ThermoElectroHydroDynamic (TEHD) convection is investigated for the case of a dielectric liquid confined in a differentially-heated square cavity, submitted to an electric potential gradient imposed from an electrode pair. Two electrode configurations, that generate the required non-uniform electric fields, are proposed: a partial planar electrode pair and a triangular electrode pair. Scaling analysis and a numerical study are developed in order to investigate dielectrophoretic-induced convective heat transfers. The scaling laws and the numerical results show that a significant enhancement of heat transfers is made possible from the use of a non-intense non-uniform electric field, with no need for giving rise to unstable regimes. An experimental approach is also considered, reintroducing gravity and buoyancy-driven convection. Silicon oil is confined in a cavity, formed in a Plexiglas block, and sealed by a pair of electrodes, one of them is connected to a high voltage AC amplifier while the other one is grounded. Both electrodes are kept at different but constant temperatures. By means of PIV imaging of fluorescent tracers, the velocity field in steady-state is measured and processed, and the effect of the imposed DEP torque on the whole flow is made evident. In comparison with numerical simulations, similar tendencies can be observed relative to each electrode configuration. Finally, the temperature is measured at different locations on the experimental bench for the configuration based on partial electrodes. In presence of gravity, heat transfer enhancement, expected from the application of a non-uniform electric field, is not particularly pronounced since the flow is dominated by thermal buoyancy
Jomni, Fathi. "Étude des phénomènes hydrodynamiques engendrés dans les liquides diélectriques par un champ électrique très intense." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble ; 1971-2015), 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997GRE10118.
Full textLi, Zhiling. "Décharge couronne dans l’hélium liquide et gaz sous champ électrique intense : pré-claquage, transport de charge, spectroscopie d'émission." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008GRE10026.
Full textThis project focuses on electrical and spectroscopie studies of the corona discharge in point/plane geometry in very pure helium in a large range of pressure (O. 1-IOMPa) and temperature (4. 2-300K). The main purpose of this study is to obtain information on the mechanisms involved in corona discharge in a very dense fluid. The mobility of charge carriers (electrons and ions) and its dependence on pressure has been deduced from mean cUITent-voltage characteristics. The experimental results have been analyzed by using different theoretical models. 1t was shown that, for electrons, the pseudo-bubble model is unable to predict cOITectly the experimental variation ofmobilitY with pressure. Spectra contain many atomic lines and molecular bands of helium in the range of 200-IIOOnm in the region of charge creation near the point electrode. The profile of atomic spectrallines is used to derive the plasma parameters (densitY Np, temperature Tp, etc. ) The three lines 3sJS~2 pJp, 3s1S~2 plp, and 3dlD ~ 2plp observed up a higher pressure, have been analyzed by the various methods. For the three temperatures tested, the density Np: -1019cm-J for 1'=6 and T=300K, and 1020cm-J for T=4. 2 K, and the temperature Tp: -300K for T=300K, 90-200K for T=6K, and 20-100K for T=4. 2 K. The molecular bands D1I u+~B1f1g and dJIu+ ~bJf1g due to their high order of rotation have been analyzed. Ro-vibrational spectra have been simulated and compared to the experimental results in order to determine rotation al T,. At T=6 and 300K, the values of T, are in agreement with the values ofTp obtained from atomic lines. However, at T=4. 2K, no agreement is found between T, and Tp. This last result remains to be explained
Almousa, Almaksour Khaled. "Etude de l’émission cathodique sous vide en présence d'un champ électrique intense et des paramètres physiques gouvernant son intensité." Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA112017/document.
Full textField electronic emission is a domain which concerns numerous different technical applications. In this work, we have taken an essentially experimental approach to study various parameters having influence on field emission. In the first part of the thesis, we have described the results obtained with a homogeneous electric field with relatively weak field emission. The role of the inter-electrode distance at constants field as well as that of the cathode surface roughness on field emission are studied. The classical method of Fowler-Norheim was then used for the analysis of the measurements. A simple model aiming to take into account the effect of the heating of the emission sites is then proposed. The second part of the theses concerns the effect of the injection of gas on the field emission; this effect being to significantly reduce emission intensity when the gas pressure is raised from 10⁻⁶ to 10⁻² Pa at constant field. A threshold value of emission intensity is shown to be necessary for the observation of this gas effect. The effect of different gas types (He, H₂, N₂, Ar) and cathode materials are also described. The gas effect is shown to be reversible upon lowering of the gas pressure to 10⁻⁵ Pa. The reduction in current is interpreted by a lowering of the field enhancement factor (β) of emission sites by ionic bombardment by ions created locally (within distances on the order of microns) near the cathode surface. A calculation of the flux of bombarding ions is used to estimate the time necessary to modify an emission site in a way corresponding to the observations. The phenomenon of surface migration in the presence of intense electric field is then proposed to explain the reversibility of the gas effect, increasing the local field enhancement factor
Almousa, Almaksour Khaled. "Etude de l'émission cathodique sous vide en présence d'un champ électrique intense et des paramètres physiques gouvernant son intensité." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01014658.
Full textParentani, Renaud. "Etude comparée de l'instabilité du vide au voisinage des trous noirs, dans un champ électrique intense, et en présence d'un détecteur uniformément accéléré." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212896.
Full textPicornell, Thierry. "Effet conjugué d'une irradiation lumineuse à partir de lasers fonctionnant en régime impulsionnel pico. Et subpicoseconde et d'un champ électrique intense : application aux métaux." Paris 11, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA112473.
Full textKattan, Rafic. "Etude de la formation et de la dynamique de bulles dans les hydrocarbures liquides générées par les impulsions de courant en champ électrique intense." Grenoble 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990GRE10127.
Full textDirickx, Michel V. A. "Contribution à l'étude du transport néo-classique dans un plasma de tokamak en présence d'un champ électrique intense et/ou à variation spatiale rapide." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211928.
Full textLe, Boeuf David. "Reconstruction de la surface de Fermi dans l'état normal d'un supraconducteur à haute T[indice inférieur c] une étude du transport électrique en champ magnétique intense." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2009. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/5120.
Full textBachère, Laurence. "Propriétés électroniques de conducteurs organiques : - les sels (DMtTSF)2 X AVEC X = PF6, AsF6, BF4, ClO4, ReO4 - le supraconducteur TTF [Ni(dmit)2] 2, étude par transport électrique sous champ magnétique intense." Toulouse, INSA, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987ISAT0022.
Full textDufour-Beauséjour, Sophie. "Effet de la pression sur la renconstruction de la surface de Fermi du cuprate supraconducteur La[indice inférieur 1.6-x]Nd[indice inférieur 0.4]Sr[indice inférieur x]CuO[indice inférieur 4]." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6718.
Full textWoelfflé, Angélique. "Étude et modélisation du transport de plasma dans la magnétosphère interne." Toulouse, ISAE, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ESAE0013.
Full textFounta, Sébastien. "Croissance d'hétérostructures GAN/AIN à champ électrique interne réduit." Grenoble 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007GRE10070.
Full textThis work reports on the growth and the opticat properties of GaN/ AtN heterostructures with reduced internaI electric fi~ld d~posiwd on SiC. We have fU'St studied the properties of AtN and GaN tayers deposited on a-plane SiC substrates. AIN exhibits an anisotropic surface morphology that we correlated to the anisotropy of its in-plane lattice mismatch with the substrate, whereas GaN shows an isotropie roughness. Ln bath cases, the optimal surface quality is achieved in N-rich conditions, unIike what is observed on the (0001) orientation. Growth orGaN on AIN in Ga-rlch conditions leads to the fonnation on GaN quantum dots through the StranskiKrastanow growth mode. They present an asymmetric morphotogy influenced by the chemical polarity of the material. They are partially ordered on the growth plane, a feature arising trom the AIN buffer tayer anisotropy. Growth in N-rich conditions enables the formation of quantum wells. Their anisotropic morphology i& influenced by that of AIN, and their rougbness is influÇIlcçd by the layçr polarity. Both ~ of structures have ~vealçd a strong reduction of the internal electric field with respect to the (0001) orientation. We have then examined the properties of cubic nitrides, beginning by the optimisation of the SiC substrates. The Ga quantity adsorbed on GaN was then evaluated by RHEED. We detennined the parameters enabling to control the fonnation of GaN quantum dots and focused on the role of the AIN roughness. Finally, opticat studies revealed a photoluminescence polarisation up to ambient temperature
Blajan, Marius Gabriel. "Séparation du muscovite des pegmatites feldspathiques en utlisant des champs électriques intenses." Poitiers, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006POIT2326.
Full textThe aim of the thesis is to analyse the possibility of using electric field forces for the concentration of muscovite from the residual materials of pegmatite beneficiation technologies. The literature survey presented in the first chapter points out the peculiarities of the involved minerals and the characteristics of the characteristics of the high-intensity electric field installations that could be employed for their selective sorting. Charge and discharge processes of granular minerals are studied in conditions similar to those of industrial electrostatic separators. Design of experiments methodology is employed for the study of an original tribo-charging device, which can be used in association with free-fall electrostatic separators for the concentration of muscovite. Conductivity difference between the constituents of pegmatite is enough for an efficient separation in roll-type corona or corona- electrostatic separators. Pilot-plant tests have confirmed this solution
Zouaghi, Ayyoub. "Manipulation de particules diélectriques micrométriques par ondes électrostatiques progressives et stationnaires - Études théorique, expérimentale et numérique." Thesis, Poitiers, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019POIT2296.
Full textTraveling and standing wave electrostatic conveyors (TWC and SWC) are presented as advantageous techniques to effectively manipulate and transport particles on a surface. The aim of this work is to study the behavior of micrometer particles on these systems. Experimental studies begin with granulometric and optical characterization of particles and the measurement of their charge. Then, the particles displacement efficiency in both types of conveyors is studied under different conditions. In addition, the trajectories of the particles are visualized using high speed camera. The post-processing of the obtained images using Particle Tracking Velocimetry technique (PTV) is carried out to calculate and study the particles mean velocity and how it is affected by different parameters. The theoretical and numerical studies carried out aim to study the electric potential waves, the spatial and temporal variation of the electric field and the balance of the forces acting on particles. The last part concerns the modeling of particles trajectories and the numerical computation of their average velocity and displacement distance. The results obtained by modeling are in good agreement with the experimental observations and calculations. Several modes of movement are obtained depending on frequency, applied voltage value, as well as particle charge and size. Particles are transported more efficiently in the TWC when they are in synchronous hopping mode. Increasing the number of phases can minimize the effect of the backward harmonic waves and increase the speed of propagation of the forward wave that may help the particles to move faster and farther in one direction and lead to better displacement efficiency
Wintrebert, Fouquet Marie. "Analyse en fonction de la température du courant d'obscurité et du bruit électrique des diodes GaAlAs/GaAs à multipuits quantiques." Montpellier 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995MON20105.
Full textBigenwald, Pierre. "Modification des propriétés optiques des structures doubles puits quantiques GaAs-(Ga,In)As sous l'effet d'un champ électrique." Montpellier 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995MON20005.
Full textBlejan, Octavian. "Contribution à l'amélioration du rendement des filtres électrostatiques." Poitiers, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009POIT2297.
Full textThis paper is dedicated to improving the cylindrical electrostatic precipitator efficiency. The massic efficiency is a function of several factors: electric field, particles charging, collection surface, gas velocity, etc. A study of electric field intensity was performed using a numerical program developed in the Laboratory of Electrotechnical Materials (Faculty of Electrical Engineering, UPB). A high intensity of electric field causes a bigger electric charge injection and foster greater higher charge particles. Also, the collection surface of the cylindrical modular precipitator is greater than the corresponding classical one. Experimental study conducted in the Applied Electrostatics Laboratory (IUT Angouleme - University of Poitiers) show that the experimental current density distribution is close to the calculated and greater than the corresponding classical one. The experimental study showed that the mass efficiency of the cylindrical modular precipitator is higher than the corresponding classic cylindrical precipitator for the same experimental conditions. Has been studied the influences of various parameters involved in the particles collection process: particles mass, the voltage supply, gas pressure, functioning time etc. In the last part of this work was determined the response function of a modular type precipitator
Labeguerie, Pierre. "Modélisation du champ électrique interne d'un solide : Application à la détermination des propriétés dérivées de la polarisation. : Calcul du spectre de phonons." Pau, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PAUU3013.
Full textThis thesis deals with modeling internal electric field in solids and the study of related properties (spontaneous polarisation, piezoelectricity, dynamical Born charges,. . . ). For most of the studied compounds, the strain applied for the determination of piezoelectric constants is also used for the calculation of the full set of elastic constants. Analysis of the dynamical behaviour via the phonon spectrum at the center of the Brillouin zone simulation and calculation of the OH stretching mode anharmonicity of some alkali and alkali-earth metals hydroxides complete this work
Labeguerie, Pierre. "Modélisation du champ électrique interne d'un solide:application à la détermination des propriétés dérivées de la polarisation. Calcul du spectre de phonon." Phd thesis, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00264922.
Full textNapoli, Gaetano. "Contribution à la modélisation thermodynamique des fluides électro-rhéologiques." Paris 6, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA066497.
Full textMessal, Sara. "Procédés de séparation électrostatique de matériaux pulvérulents. Applications au recyclage des déchets et dans l'industrie agro-alimentaire." Thesis, Poitiers, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016POIT2304/document.
Full textThe experimental approach undertaken in this thesis was aimed at the study of the feasibility of the electrostatic separation of a wide range mixtures of powdery materials originating from the recycling of waste electric and electronic equipment (Al, Cu, ABS, polycarbonate, polystyrene), or processed in the food industry (straw, wood chips, meal). Researches were focused on techniques using three different physical mechanisms for electrical charging of the materials: corona discharge, electrostatic induction and triboelectric effect. Two new installations have been designed end engineered to facilitate the understanding of the physical phenomena involved in the separation of powdery particles, the trajectories of which are difficult to control, as strongly affected by the aerodynamic forces. The first installation, the belt-type multifunction electrostatic separator, offers the possibility to study one or several of the three charging mechanisms, in relation with the electrical properties of the materials to be processed. The second installation, two-rotating-disks-type tribo-aero-electrostatic separator uses only the triboelectric effect for charging mixtures of insulating materials in a fluidized bed. A system of simultaneous and continuous measurement of mass and electric charge of collected products facilitated the investigation of the physical phenomena. These researches confirm the feasibility of the electrostatic separation of powdery materials, by taking advantage of the design of experiments methodology to identify the influential factors and find the optimum operation conditions
Lecouturier, Florence. "Contribution au développement des champs magnétiques pulsés très intenses : R & D des conducteurs renforcés." Toulouse, INSA, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ISAT0027.
Full textTardieu, Simon. "Fils conducteurs composites (microfils d'argent - cuivre) pour application en champs magnétiques intenses." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOU30186.
Full textLNCMI-Toulouse produces some of the most intense non-destructive pulsed magnetic fields in the world (98.8 T). The wires used in coils which generate these magnetic fields require high ultimate tensile strength (UTS) in order to resist the Lorentz forces. Moreover, to obtain the longest possible pulse duration, these wires must have an electrical resistivity closest to that of pure Cu. LNCMI and CIRIMAT explore the design and preparation of Cu-based nanocomposite wires obtained by a combination of powder metallurgy, Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) and wire-drawing. Composite powders with low Ag contents (< 10 % vol. Ag) are prepared by dispersing Ag microwires (diameter 200 nm, length 30 µm) synthesized at CIRIMAT in a commercial spherical Cu powder (diameter 0.5-1 µm). The so-obtained composite powders are consolidated by SPS in the form of cylinders. These cylinders are drawn, without breaking, in the form of fine wires (1 - 0.2 mm). The microstructure of the wires is made up of Cu ultrafine grains (200 - 400 nm) elongated over several micrometers in the drawing direction. Ag microwires are dispersed along the grain boundaries of Cu. The measurement of the electrical resistivity and the UTS of the wires (at 293 K and 77 K) shows that the wires containing only 1 vol. % Ag present the best compromise between high UTS and low electrical resistivity (1100 MPa / 0.49 µÔmega.cm at 77 K). The formation of Cu/Ag alloys during the SPS cycle significantly increases the resistivity of the wires and thus must be avoided. A Cu matrix with a bimodal grain size distribution makes it possible to reduce the electrical resistivity of the wires while keeping high UTS (1080 MPa / 0.45 µÔmega.cm at 77 K). Ag-Cu nanocomposite wires present high UTS, equivalent to that of Cu/Ag alloy wires containing about 20 times more Ag produced by melting and solidification, but their electrical resistivity is about 1.5 times lower
Fruchier, Olivier. "Etude du comportement de la charge d'espace dans les structures MOS : vers une analyse du champ électrique interne par la méthode de l'onde thermique." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00140084.
Full textAbdo, Youssef. "Analyse du comportement et des caractéristiques des arcs thermiques soumis à des champs externes et internes." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEM040.
Full textThis PhD thesis aims at understanding and analysing the behaviour of plasma arcs and their interactions with magnetic and dynamic field. The various methods that we have developed and the different case studies correspond to direct applications of thermal plasmas in industrial processes. The study of the arc’s dynamic and its characteristics is at the heart of every plasma technology upgrade or development. In the wake of the energy transition, plasma systems turn out to be very promising for many reasons, the most important of which are: They are ecological given the fact that make use of clean energy (electricity). Technologically, they allow for a tremendous rise in temperature that exceeds by far the temperature that can be reached in conventional combustion processes.We propose two different approaches to deal with the mathematical model that correspond to thermal plasmas: An analytical and a numerical approach. The analytical approaches encompass multiple computation methods that are relatively easy to implement and very practical for basic design. They constitute an extension of various analytical methods already broached in the 60’s and 70’s by American and Soviet researchers, but later abandoned in favor of numerical modelling with the advent of advanced computational machines.One section is dedicated to the study of a fixed spots AC or DC arc exposed to cross fields (magnetic or dynamic). Stability criteria employing dimensionless numbers have been established. At high currents, radiation also plays a key role in stabilisation. The analytical results are compared with the results of numerical simulations. A good agreement is observed.Another part deals with the study of a plasma arc, moving between 2 parallel electrodes under the effect of an external or electrode-induced magnetic field. The properties of the arc's dynamic strongly depend on the arc radius. The latter is obtained from an analytical 2D resolution of the heat equation. The results are validated by comparison with previous analytical and numerical works.The radiative exchange is also addressed in this thesis. Given the fact that radiation is hard to implement even in a numerical setting because of its dependence on numerous variables (specter frequency, temperature, pressure, geometry, gas mixture and species, etc.), the isothermal sphere approximate method is commonly used. An algorithm, whose aim is to seek the best value of “Rs”, is built based on a comparison between approximate and exact calculation for a wall stabilised arc of H2 at .The part concerning numerical modelling presents all the numerical approached that are currently used in thermal plasma modelling. It provides the good boundary conditions for the magnetic potential , if a transport model (TADR) is employed in a steady-state case or when the magneto-quasi static (MQS) assumption is made. Two hybrid finite-volume and finite-element (FV-FE) methods are proposed in order to improve the arc modelling, in particular for AC transient cases where the MQS fails to remain valid especially when electrodes are accounted for. Flow, energy and transport equation are solved using the FV approach whereas the electromagnetic equations are solved by means of the FE method. Comparisons with benchmark cases are done and a very good agreement is observed.Other numerical methods used for the numerical simulation of large scale industrial plasma reactors are also presented. A separation between the different physical phenomena occurring at small and large scales, is made. The electromagnetic phenomena are analytically modelled and averaged for an AC (mono, three or multi-phase) and are then inserted as source terms in source domains representing the arc region. As consequence, only the flow and energy equations are solved in order to obtain the most important characteristics in the reactor (velocity field, temperature distribution, etc.)
Arnaud, Claire. "Fils conducteurs nanostructurés (cuivre et composites nanotube de carbone - cuivre) pour application en champs magnétiques intenses." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU30216/document.
Full textIn order to produce high magnetic fields (100 T), the conducting wires used in pulsed coils must show both a high tensile strength and very low electrical resistivity. The LNCMI and NNC team of CIRIMAT explore creative solutions based on the development of nanostructured copper wires and carbon nanotube - copper (CNT-Cu) nanocomposite wires by the original combination of spark plasma sintering (SPS) and room-temperature wire-drawing (WD). Copper cylinders were prepared by SPS of micrometric commercial powders. Crystal growth is very low and the copper grains size is 10 times lower than for conventional wire precursors. The cylinders were wire-drawn, without breaking, into wires of decreasing diameter (down to 0.198 mm) and several meters long. The ultrafine Cu grains are highly elongated in the WD direction. No twinning was observed. Our copper wires show an ultimate tensile strength (UTS) at 293K and 77K higher than those for wires prepared from conventional OFHC copper, which could result from the combination of strain hardening and Orowan mechanisms. The electrical resistivity is about 12% higher than those for the OFHC wires. For the CNT-Cu nanocomposites, an adaptation of preparation route (functionalization of double-walled and eight-walled CNTs, mixing, freeze-drying, H2 reduction) resulted in the production of 14 g powder batches with a homogeneous dispersion of the CNTs. Due to the very low carbon content (= 1%), the preparation of the cylinders and wires by the methods used for pure copper is possible without modification. The UTS of the CNT-Cu wirers is 10-25% higher than for the corresponding copper wires. The CNTs have little influence on the Cu microstructure and their probable alignment allows one to benefit from their high tensile strength. The electrical resistivity is only moderately higher than for the corresponding copper wires (about 12% at 77K). The last chapter was devoted to the preparation of "dog-bone" Cu and CNT-Cu test samples by "near-net-shape" SPS. We have brought to the fore the influence of the nature of the die (graphite or WC-Co) on the microstructure, microhardness and tensile strength, for the same sintering cycle
Dorchies, Fabien. "Etude du sillage laser : application a l'acceleration d'electrons." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998EPXX0019.
Full textCivet, François. "Caractérisation de la structure électrique interne de Mars par méthode d'induction électromagnétique à partir des données magnétiques satellitaires de Mars Global Surveyor." Phd thesis, Université de Bretagne occidentale - Brest, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00740386.
Full textCury, Luiz Alberto. "Propriétés électroniques de structures semiconductrices III-V à effet tunnel résonnant sous pression hydrostatique et sous fort champ magnétique." Toulouse, INSA, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992ISAT0004.
Full textAlmohammed, Fouad. "Application des électrotechnologies pour une valorisation optimisée de la betterave à sucre dans un concept de bioraffinerie." Thesis, Compiègne, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017COMP2328/document.
Full textThis work discusses the use of electrotechnologies for an optimized valorization of sugar beet according to the concept of biorefinery. The applied electrotechnologies are pulsed electric fields (PEF) and high-voltage electrical discharges (HVED). The study firstly aims at optimizing an alternative method for sugar extraction by PEF assisted cold alkaline pressing. On the other hand, it proposes new ways for valorizing two by-products of sugar beet industry, which are sugar beet tails and pulps. In the first part, PEF treatment combined with liming leads to a better disintegration of beet tissue. It permits accelerating of pressing kinetics, improvement of juice yield and quality, and reduction of subsequent purification procedure. A parametric optimization study identified the best application itinerary of the proposed extraction process. Fresh sugar beet cossettes are pretreated by PEF at 600 V/cm for 10 ms (Q = 2.7 Wh/kg). The electroporated cossettes are then pressed to extract 75% of intracellular juice. Compressed cossettes are subjected to an alkaline pressing with 10% lime milk. In order to extract the residual sucrose in the obtained press-cake, two additional steps of pressing with an intermediate hydration are required. This optimized process allows well exhausting the sugar cossettes (sugar loss of 0.23% and pulp dry matter of 39%) for a short extraction (30 min) and with low draft (108%) compared to diffusion method. Thus, it allows substantial saving in materials and energy especially for juice extraction and pulp drying. Compared to the conventional method, the energy saving amounted to 91.96 × 106 kWh for a sugar beet factory treating 10 000 tons per day for a campaign of 110 days. In addition, the proposed method simplifies the purification procedure of raw juice and reduces the used amount of lime from 50 to 60%. In the second part of this study, two processing methods were proposed and optimized at lab-scale for valorization of sugar beet tails and pulps. Sugar beet tails were used to produce bioethanol. Raw juice of beet tails was extracted by PEF assisted cold pressing. Bioethanol production was then done by alcoholic fermentation. Pretreatment of beet tails with PEF (450 V/cm, 10 ms) permits accelerating the pressing kinetics, increasing the yield of solutes (79.85% vs. 16.8%), and leads to a more concentrated juice (10% vs. 5.2%). The optimized process permits the production of about 41.75 L of bioethanol per ton of beet tails when PEF pretreatment is applied against only 8.2 L of bioethanol without PEF confirming the potential of this new valorization scheme. Dried beet pulp having a dry matter of 92.8% was used for pectin recovery. The present study showed that the application of HVED pretreatment leads to intensify pectin extraction. The relative gain of pectin yield is 25.3% with an energy consumption of 76.2 kJ/kg. The proposed biorefinery scheme could protect the sugar beet industry in France after the suppression of the sugar quota system in the European Union, which will take effect on 1st October 2017
Bardoux, Richard. "Spectroscopie de boîtes quantiques individuelles GaN/AlN en phase hexagonale." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00201492.
Full textEl, Kantar Sally. "Valorisation des coproduits issus des industries d’agrumes : extraction des molécules bioactives par des technologies innovantes." Thesis, Compiègne, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018COMP2440/document.
Full textThis work consists of the valorization of citrus by-products with innovative technologies. Citrus pressing produces millions of tons of waste per year worldwide. This waste (peels, pulps and seeds) is generally dedicated to animal feed or eliminated by composting or incineration. However its content in bioactive molecules leads to several ways of valorization. Since peels present about half of the citrus waste mass, studies have been focused on the valorization of citrus peels by the extraction of bioactive compounds. Conventional methods generally used for the extraction of bioactive compounds (solid-liquid extraction, hydrodistillation) have several disadvantages such as the use of expensive and toxic solvents, long extraction times and high energy consumption. For this reason, several innovative non-thermal technologies such as Pulsed Electric Fields (PEF), High Voltage Electrical Discharges (HVED) and Ultrasounds (US) and thermal treatments such as microwaves (MO) and infrared (IR) have been tested for the valorization of citrus by-products. Whole citrus fruits (oranges, pomelos, lemons) were PEF treated at an intensity of 3 kV/cm, then citrus juice and polyphenols were extracted by pressing. The study of the PEF-induced cell permeabilization was conducted by several methods and showed that the degree of damage varied according to the type of the treated fruit. The electroporation of the cells induced by the PEF, allowed an increase the juice yields after pressing and improved the liberation of the polyphenols from the citrus peels into the juice. This explains the possibility of obtaining a juice rich in polyphenols by treating the whole fruits with PEF before pressing. Among the solvents tested for the extraction of polyphenols from citrus peels, water is the least effective. The addition of 20% glycerol to water changed the polarity of the medium and improved the extraction of the polyphenols. The use of an enzyme mixture enhanced the release of the polyphenols related to the polysaccharides. Deep eutectic solvents have been as effective as hydroethanolic mixtures. To improve the yields and the kinetics of extractions in the different green solvents and in the enzyme mixture, citrus peels were pretreated with HVED in water. The mechanical effect of HVED, based on the fragmentation of the peels has improved the extraction of polyphenols in the various solvents. The intensification of polyphenols extraction was also conducted by IR and US. The extraction of polyphenols by IR was optimized using the surface response methodology. IR heating did not alter the extracted polyphenols which have significant antifungal and anti-mycotoxinogenic activities. The pretreatment of citrus peels with IR weakened the cell structures, increasing thus the diffusion of polyphenols during US treatment
Rajeha, Hiba. "Optimisation des méthodes d'extraction des composés phénoliques des raisins libanais et de leurs coproduits." Thesis, Compiègne, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015COMP2209.
Full textThis study deals with the optimization of the extraction methods of phenolic compounds from viticulture and viniculture by-products, namely vine shoots and grape pomace. Several innovative technologies were tested and compared: high voltage electrical discharges (HVED), accelerated solvent extraction (ASE), ultrasounds (US) and pulsed electric fields (PEF). The solid-liquid extraction conducted on vine shoots showed that, amongst the studied solvents, water is the least effective. The addition of the β-cyclodextrin to water improves the extraction process but remains less effective than that with hydroethanolic mixtures. The extraction in alkaline medium gives the highest phenolic compound extraction yields. The intensification of phenolic compound extraction from vine shoots was possible thanks to new extraction technologies. The effectiveness of the tested methods was the least with US, followed by PEF to accomplish the highest phenolic yield with HVED. The filterability of the extracts was slower when their composition was complex, and the membrane technology allowed a good purification and concentration of phenolic compounds. The reason behind the high effectiveness of HVED was investigated. The action mechanisms of HVED were studied in details. A mechanical effect of HVED provoked vine shoots fragmentation and particle size reduction. This was the main phenomenon responsible for the intensification of the extraction process. It also suggested that a grinding pretreatment would not be necessary prior to HVED, which considerably diminishes the energy input of the overall process. The presence of a non-mechanical effect and its contribution in the efficiency of HVED were also shown. The formation of hydrogen peroxide during the treatment was observed. However it did not seem to alter vine shoot phenolic compounds since these demonstrated a high radical scavenging capacity. As for the studies conducted on grape pomace, the simultaneous variation of several operating parameters allowed the aqueous and hydroethanolic optimization of phenolic compound extraction from these byproducts by response surface methodology (RSM). The passage from an aqueous to a hydroethanolic medium clearly improved the solid-liquid extraction of phenolic compounds from grape pomace. The use of ASE further increased the phenolic compound yield up to three times as compared to the optimum obtained with a hydroethanolic solvent
Puthumpally, Joseph Raijumon. "Quantum Interferences in the Dynamics of Atoms and Molecules in Electromagnetic Fields." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS035/document.
Full textQuantum interference, coherent superposition of quantum states, are widely used for the understanding and engineering of the quantum world. In this thesis, two distinct problems that are rooted in quantum interference are discussed with their potential applications: 1. Laser induced electron diffraction (LIED) and molecular orbital imaging, 2. Collective effects in dense vapors and dipole induced electromagnetic transparency (DIET). The first part deals with the recollision mechanism in molecules when the system is exposed to high intensity infrared laser fields. The interaction with the intense field will tunnel ionize the system, creating an electron wave packet in the continuum. This wave packet follows an oscillatory trajectory driven by the laser field. This results in a collision with the parent ion from which the wave packet was formed. This scattering process can end up in different channels including either inelastic scattering resulting in high harmonic generation (HHG) and non-sequential double ionization, or elastic scattering often called laser induced electron diffraction. LIED carries information about the molecule and about the initial state from which the electron was born as diffraction patterns formed due to the interference between different diffraction pathways. In this project, a method is developed for imaging molecular orbitals relying on scattered photoelectron spectra obtained via LIED. It is based on the fact that the scattering wave function keeps the memory of the object from which it has been scattered. An analytical model based on the strong field approximation (SFA) is developed for linear molecules and applied to the HOMO and HOMO-1 molecular orbitals of carbon dioxide. Extraction of orbital information imprinted in the photoelectron spectra is presented in detail. It is anticipated that it could be extended to image the electro-nuclear dynamics of such systems. The second part of the thesis deals with collective effects in dense atomic or molecular vapors. The action of light on the vapor samples creates dipoles which oscillate and produce secondary electro-magnetic waves. When the constituent particles are close enough and exposed to a common exciting field, the induced dipoles can affect one another, setting up a correlation which forbids them from responding independently towards the external field. The result is a cooperative response leading to effects unique to such systems which include Dicke narrowing, superradiance, Lorentz-Lorenz and Lamb shifts. To this list of collective effects, one more candidate has been added, which is revealed during this study: an induced transparency in the sample. This transparency, induced by dipole-dipole interactions, is named “dipole-induced electromagnetic transparency”. The collective nature of the dense vapor excitation reduces the group velocity of the transmitted light to a few tens of meter per second resulting in 'slow' light. These effects are demonstrated for the D1 transitions of 85Rb and other potential applications are also discussed
Druaux, Fabrice. "Etude de la relation entre la cristallisation et l'évolution du magnétisme dans des couches minces désordonnées Ni-Ag riches en Ag." Rouen, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986ROUES039.
Full textMahnic̆-Kalamiza, Samo. "Effects of electrical and thermal pre-treatment on mass transport in biological tissue." Thesis, Compiègne, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015COMP2247/document.
Full textAn electric field of sufficient strength can cause an increase of conductivity and permeability of cell membrane. Effect is known as electroporation and is attributed to creation of aqueous pathways in the membrane. Quantifying mass transport in connection with electroporation of biological tissues is an important goal. The ability to fully comprehend transport processes has ramifications in improved juice extraction and improved selective extraction of compounds from plant cells, improved drug delivery, and solutions to environmental challenges. While electroporation is intensively investigated, there is a lack of models that can be used to model mass transport in complex structures such as biological tissues with relation to electroporation. This thesis presents an attempt at constructing a theoretical mathematical description – a model, for studying mass (and heat) transfer in electroporated tissue. The model was developed employing conservation and transport laws and enables coupling effects of electroporation to the membrane of individual cells with the resulting mass transport or heat transfer in tissue. An analytical solution has been found though the model can be extended with additional dependencies to account for the phenomenon of electroporation, and solved numerically. Thesis comprises five peer-reviewed papers describing electroporation in the food industry, model creation for the problem of diffusion, translation of the model to the mathematically-related case of juice expression, model validation, as well as suggestions for possible future development, extension, and generalization. An additional chapter is dedicated to transfer of heat in tissue
Li, Zhiling. "Décharge couronne dans l'hélium liquide et gaz dense sous champ électrique intense : pré-claquage, transport de charge, spectroscopie d'émission." Phd thesis, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00325797.
Full textKone, Gbah. "Contribution à l'amélioration de la méthode en ligne de mesure de champ électrique pour détecter la présence de défauts internes au sein des isolateurs composites." Thèse, 2015. http://constellation.uqac.ca/3020/1/Kone_uqac_0862N_10081.pdf.
Full text