Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Champ gravitationnel'
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Vincent, Frédéric. "Etude d'effets relativistes en champ gravitationnel fort." Phd thesis, Observatoire de Paris, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00624816.
Full textMorante, Daniele. "Le champ gravitationnel linguistique : avec un essai d'application au champ étatique, Mali /." Paris : l'Harmattan, 2009. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb414761412.
Full textMorante, Daniele. "Le champ gravitationnel linguistique : avec un essai d'application au champ étatique - Mali." Grenoble 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006GRE39014.
Full textLanguage is a social fact, therefore there are less languages than men. Every man cannot speak anything less than a language, therefore every topolect is one. A language has no varieties. Any diversity originates from the interaction among languages and the ceaseless change it gives rise to, resulting in new states of language = languages. The primary community, the inhabited centre, has no topolects, it is linguistically a point ; secondary communities can give rise to more languages (“common languages”). The “linguistic space” is actually a field of force, whose vectors are languages. Relationships between languages are ruled from gravitational laws. Their parameters are the mass of parole, resulting from the release of parole x the width of the audience x the content in the given language ; as well as the distance, that measures exposure. Both bring about the intensity and the direction of attraction. Inter-individual diversity spans the time-line, alongside language change. There are accordingly worldwide, at any moment, about 2 million inhabited centres = 2 million languages >, a terminus ad quem. Absolute identity of two languages does add up to a single language, but it has to be proved each time : we think that it can't, unless within the framework of the global village / the diffuse city. As language is a vector, it is defined by a mathematical quantity-intensity. The interaction of these vectors sketches the linguistic state of the world as well as the forecast of future change. A nine-months field survey in Mali provides us with a test of validation of the model
AMATO, SAMUEL. "Comportement des suspensions colloidales en ecoulement sous champ multi-gravitationnel transverse." Paris 7, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA077087.
Full textMoufid, Mohamed. "Questions de stabilité de systèmes complexes dans le champ de l'attraction terrestre." Université de Franche-Comté. UFR des sciences et techniques, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986BESA2025.
Full textFarges, Eric. "Etudes en modes oscillatoires des propriétés viscoélastiques des érythrocytes placés dans un champ gravitationnel. Applications aux contrôles qualités dans les centres de transfusion sanguine." Compiègne, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002COMP1390.
Full textMelnyk, Fabrice. "Diffusion d'un champ de Dirac chargé dans un espace-temps de type (De Sitter-) Reissner-Nordstrøm et son application à l'effet Hawking." Bordeaux 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BOR12604.
Full textRasouli, Sousan. "Un nouveau domaine d'application des sciences de la séparation en chimie analytique : l'analyse et la purification des particules microniques et colloi͏̈dales par les techniques du fractionnement par couplage flux-force." Limoges, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LIMO302B.
Full textKARASIEWICZ, ALAIN. "Equations de champ decrivant des atomes en interaction avec des lasers en presence de champs gravitationnels et inertiels." Paris 6, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA066393.
Full textJollivet, Alexandre. "Problèmes inverses pour l'équation de Newton-Einstein pluridimensionnelle." Phd thesis, Université de Nantes, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00164558.
Full text(ou gravitationnel) statique. Le cas d'une particule classique non relativiste est aussi considéré. Nous supposons que le champ externe est suffisamment régulier et suffisamment décroissant à l'infini. Tout d'abord on rappelle (et on développe) des résultats donnant l'existence et des propriétés de l'opérateur de diffusion. Puis on obtient, en particulier, l'asymptotique aux hautes énergies de l'opérateur de diffusion, et on montre que cette asymptotique détermine de manière unique (par des formules explicites) le champ externe. Enfin on obtient un théorème d'unicité à énergie fixée pour le problème inverse de valeurs au bord, et on en déduit, en particulier, qu'à énergie fixée suffisamment grande l'opérateur de diffusion détermine de manière unique le champ externe lorsque celui-ci est aussi supposé à support compact. Les résultats de cette thèse ont été obtenus en développant, en particulier, des méthodes de [Gerver-Nadirashvili, 1983] et [R. Novikov, 1999].
Larena, Julien. "Champs scalaires en cosmologie : discussions sur les principes d'équivalence et cosmologique." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00185582.
Full textEn lien avec le problème de l'énergie sombre, cette thèse se propose d'explorer, à travers les propriétés dynamiques de champs scalaires, deux principes qui se trouvent au coeur de la cosmologie: les principes d'équivalence et cosmologique.
Le principe d'équivalence est abordé à travers les théories scalaire-tenseur de la gravité, permettant d'intégrer la Relativité Générale dans un cadre large de théories respectant la version faible du principe d'équivalence tout en permettant de tester sa version forte. Dans cette perspective, les propriétés dynamiques et les conséquences cosmologiques de ces théories sont discutées.
Le principe cosmologique quant à lui est reformulé; ses contours sont redéfinis, menant à la formulation de modèles cosmologiques différents du modèle standard, par le biais des cosmologies inhomogènes moyennées. Ces modèles permettent de prendre en compte de façon consistante la structuration à petites échelles de l'Univers et son homogénéité aux grandes échelles, ouvrant ainsi la possibilité d'expliquer l'énergie sombre par la formation des structures; il est également possible de les mettre en correspondance avec l'apparition de champs scalaires dans le cadre du modèle standard.
Mitra, Ayan. "Gravitational Lensing of the supernovae from the Supernova Legacy Survey." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066331.
Full textThe presence of mass inhomogeneities along the line of sight of propagation of light fromdistant objects can induce deflection in the flight path of the photon. This phenomenon is called as gravitational lensing. Lensing can have both distortion (shear) and isotropic magnification effects on the source. We studied the effect of lensing magnification on supernova (SN) Ia in this thesis. Presence of lensing would introduce a source of contamination to the brightness distribution of the source (SN Ia in our case). Thus it also enables one to compute the lensing effect indirectly from the Hubble diagram (i.e. from the residual to the Hubble diagram). In this thesis we computed the correlation between these two effects : the Hubble residual and the computed lensing magnification for the SN by the line of sight foreground dark matter haloes. A detection of positive correlation between these two would signify the positivity of lensing signal detection. The data sample is the spectroscopic SNe Ia sample from the five years full SNLS data and the Hubble resiudals are those of the preliminary cosmology analysis performed on SNLS5 data. We obtain a signal of _ = 0.177 at 2.51_. This result is consistent with the previous SNLS three years data lensing analysis results
Guilet, Jérôme. "Explosion asymétrique des supernovae gravitationnelle." Paris 7, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA077216.
Full textThis thesis is devoted to the study of several hydrodynamical and magnetrohydrodynamical phenomena that could create an asymmetry in core collapse supernovae. In the first part giving the general context, we first describe the theoretical and observational indications suggesting an I important asymmetry. We then present several instabilities that could break the initial spherical symmetry, insisting particularly on the role of the Stationary Accretion Shock Instability (SASI). The second part is dedicated to a hydrodynamical study of the Standing Accretion shock instability. We first give an argument using the frequency of unstable modes that enables us to distinguish between the two mechanisms proposed to explain the linear growth of SASI. As a second step, we study thé non-linear dynamics of SASI and propose for the first time a mechanism responsible for its saturation. In this scenario, the saturation occurs when parasitic instabilities are able to grow fast enough on a SASI mode. The semi-analytical prediction of the saturation amplitude is successfully compared with published numerical simulations. The third part studies the effect of a moderate magnetic field. We find that such a magnetic field can have either a stabilizing or a destabilizing effect on SASI depending on its geometry. We then concentrate on the dynamics of the Alfvén surface, where the Alfvén and the advection speed coincide. We show that the amplification of Alfvén waves near this surface creates a pressure feedback, which could affect significantly the dynamics of the shock if the magnetic energy is comparable to the kinetic energy
Fitte, Christian. "Les mirages gravitationnels quadruples et leurs applications cosmologiques : utilisation du spectrographe intégral de champ T.I.G.E.R." Lyon 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LYO10105.
Full textEjlli, Damian. "Ondes gravitationnelles de l'Univers primordial et leur détection." Paris 7, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA077265.
Full textIn this thesis we study several aspects regarding the nature of gravitational waves and their detection. Gravitational waves in the present days are object of intensive theoretical studies and are interesting from the detection point of view. At present there are several detectors aiming their detection from many compact objects such as neutron stars and black holes. In connection with that, in this thesis we study graviton emission by primordial black holes in the early universe and predict their spectrum. After the Bing Bang the density of the primordial plasma which composed the universe was too high and the probability of gravitational collapse of malter into compact object, namely black holes could have been high. Once these objects are being formed they start interacting effectively between each other emitting gravitons by several mechanisms. We study graviton emission by light primordial black holes as a result of quantum and classical scattering between them, graviton emission by binary systems of primordial black holes and graviton evaporation through Hawking mechanism. The spectrum of emitted gravitons is quite wide starting from the lower part of few Hz and ending at very high frequencies above the GHz. The predicted spectrum could be reveled by planned space interferometers such as DECIGO in the lower part of it. The high frequency part of the spectrum is difficult to observe because there are no such a high sensitive detectors in order to detect it. Because of this difficulty we constructed a new way in order to observe it through the mechanism of graviton to photon oscillation. This mechanism is possible whenever a gravitational wave couples to a background magnetic field and as a result is generated a non trivial energy-momentum tensor which curves the space-time. Based on present day limits on the strength of large scale magnetic field we predict an isotropic electromagnetic background of extragalactic origin which could fill the universe. Such a back-ground arises due to the fact that gravitons evaporated by primordial black holes could oscillate into photons in magnetic field. Moreover we show that this background can be the main component of the Cosmic X-ray Background for massive black holes or even explain it without requiring obscured AGNs
Herreman, Wietze. "Instabilité elliptique sous champ magnétique et Dynamo d'ondes inertielles." Phd thesis, Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille I, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00452471.
Full textVarghese, Anjali Doney. "Stellar streams as probes of the large-scale distribution of matter around galaxies." Strasbourg, 2011. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2011/VARGHESE_Anjali_Doney_2011.pdf.
Full textAbout 75% of the matter content of the Universe consists of a mysterious form, termed dark matter. The shapes of dark matter halos around galaxies hold important clues to the underlying nature of their constituent particles and have been an active area of research for several decades. Although, several techniques have been employed to find consistent estimates of the profiles of dark matter halos, it has proved to be a difficult task. In recent years, interesting stellar structures have been observed around galaxies. These structures are thought to be the remnants of galaxy mergers and have emerged as a useful tool to study dark halos at galactic scales. Prominent among these are thing, long features known aptly as stellar streams, or tidal streams as they are formed due to the tidal disruption of small satellite galaxies by the gravitational field of their large host galaxies. Since a tidal stream closely follows the orbit of its progenitor, it can be used as an effective tracer of the halo density profile. In this thesis, I extend previous modelling efforts with a significant improvement in methodology. The fitting routine used is based on Bayesian sampling. We examine how effectively the dark matter distribution of galaxies can be constrained, the quality and quantity of information needed to do so and specifically, whether it is at all possible to estimate the profiles of dark halos of external galaxies with only the projected coordinates of their stellar streams
Charmousis, Christos. "Dynamique des cordes cosmiques autogravitantes." Tours, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998TOUR4005.
Full textLi, Wenliang. "Aspects of Gravitational Theories : holography and modified gravity." Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCC288.
Full textIn this thesis, we will investigate two aspects of gravitational theories: holographic correspondence and modified gravity theories. Holographic correspondence is a remarkable conjecture which establishes the equivalence between certain gravitational theories and certain quantum field theories. The research in the domain of modified gravity concerns the development of consistent theories of gravity that are different from the standard general relativity. The first part of this thesis is dedicated to the holographic correspondence or the gauge/gravity duality. We will present a novel formalism to study the Einstein-scalar theories from the perspective of holography. We will apply this novel formalism to holographic Yang-Mills theory. We will compute the effective action for the gluon condensate and its relative that is renormalization-roup invariant. The second part of this thesis is about modified theories of gravity. We will focus on an interesting limit of massive gravity around de Sitter space. The theory is known as partially massless gravity. We will investigate whether a non-linear extension for partially massless gravity exists
Bina, David. "Les sources responsables de la réionisation vues par MUSE." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU30296/document.
Full textSignificant efforts have been put for the past two decades to understand the formation process of structure in the early Universe. The recent technological advances in the observational field allow for observing galaxies further and further, even the ones responsible for the cosmic reionization which occurred during the first billion years of the Universe. The main goal of this thesis was to impose constraints on the nature and the abundance of the sources responsible of the cosmic reionization. More specifically, the study was focused on the star-forming galaxies that have a Lyman-alpha emission (LAE) between z ~ 3 and 6.7. This thesis has been conducted within the framework of the MUSE consortium, a brand new instrument installed on the VLT in January 2014, as part of the exploitation of the Guaranteed Time (GTO). This thesis work has enabled us to confirm the unrivalled power of MUSE concerning the detection and the study of weak extragalactic sources without any preselection. We have observed four lensing clusters which magnify the incident light and make it possible to detect faint sources, at the expense of a decrease of the volume of the observed Universe. At first we started with the study of the galaxy cluster Abell 1689 in order to build up a methodology we intend to apply on other galaxy clusters. By comparing the volume density of the detected LAEs to the luminosity functions (LF) coming from the literature, we have reached the following conclusion : the slope of the power law from the Schechter function is smaller than alpha <= -1.5, which means that the number of LAEs increases drastically towards the faint luminoities. Then we have applied the new-build method to the other galaxy clusters of our sample observed with MUSE. The LAEs we have detected and measured in this sample are roughly ten times fainter than the ones observed in blank fields thanks to the lensing effect (39 < log(Lya) < 42.5). About one third of them lacks a counterpart in the continuum up to AB ~ 28 on the HST images and couldn't have been seen on targeted surveys. The final catalog includes more than 150 LAEs, this amount has enabled us to study the contribution of the faintest ones and also the evolution of the slope according to the redshift. The results of this work seem to confirm that the slope alpha is close to -2 for all the 2.9 < z < 6.7 LAEs. Furthermore, one can notice the evolution of alpha from -1.8 to -1.95 between z ~ 3-4 and z ~ 5-7, an original result and irrespective of the data set used to complement the present sample towards the bright region of the LF. The integral of the LF allows for working out the ionizing photons density emitted by these LAEs and for determining their relative impact on the cosmic reionization. In the future, the depth of the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) observations will improve the limits of galaxy detection, certainly up to z ~ 8. The use of near-IR spectrographs such as MOSFIRE/Keck, KMOS/VLT or the very recent EMIR/GTC already provides the confirmation of z >= 7 candidates. This thesis brought new constraints on the faint-end part of the LF of LAEs for a redshift up to z ~ 6, which represents a beginning with respect to all we can do in the coming years for redshifts up to z ~ 7-8
Brassart, Matthieu. "Rupture explosive d'étoiles par les trous noirs massifs et éruptions X-UV dans les noyaux de galaxies." Paris 7, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA077170.
Full textAtypical main-sequence star can be disrupted by the gravitational field of a massive black hole of several hundreds of thousands to hundreds of millions solar masses without falling in the event horizon. Such a disruptive process is presented, as welI as some X-UV flares from nearby galactic nuclei interpreted as the aftermath of disrupted stars. When the star approaches sufficiently to the black hole, it is violently flattened in a transient ultra hot and dense "pancake" configuration by the tidal effects before being disrupted. A hydrodynamical model based on a Godunov-type approach has been considered to study the stellar pancake formation and to follow the development of shock waves. The hydrodynamical simulations show that the thermodynamical conditions induced within the compressed stellar core enable explosive thermonuclear reactions to be triggered. They also underline that the shock waves carry a brief but very high peak of temperature to the stellar surface likely to give rise to a new type of X or gamma flare. This observational signature would thus enable to directly detect stellar disruptions. The frequency of such flares is estimated to be about 10-5 per year per galaxy. Since most of the galaxies harbour a central massive black hole, and since the Universe is transparent in X- and gamma-ray bands, several events of this kind per year would be detectable in the full observable Universe
Dupuy, Alexandra. "Du HI radio à la mesure de la croissance des bassins gravitationnels." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE1201/document.
Full textMotions of galaxies in the universe are due to the rivalry between the expansion of the universe and gravitation. This tug-of-war impacts the formation and the growth of large scale structures of the universe. Thus, depending on the identity of the winner of this duel, the universe is more or less compact. Within this context, this PhD thesis is divided into three parts, spanning from HI observations to the estimate of the growth of rate of large scale structures of the universe and the compactness of the local universe.The Cosmicflows collaboration assembles catalogues of galaxy distances. Up to now, three catalogues have been published, the last one being Cosmicflows-3. This thesis presents and analyses observational data obtained from HI observations. These new data will be used to construct the new compilation of distances Cosmicflows-4 by the use of the Tully-Fisher relation, in order to correct the lack of data in the Northern celestial hemisphere in the current catalog.From the distance of a galaxy, one can derive the radial part of its peculiar velocity corresponding to the component of its total velocity caused by gravitation. Peculiar velocities allow to probe the matter content of the universe and to extract information on large scale structures of the universe. Two methodologies using peculiar velocities have been developed during this thesis to characterize large scale structures of the local universe.On the one hand, peculiar velocity catalogues can be used to reconstruct tri-dimensional velocity fields. These velocity field allow one to map the structure of the local universe and are used in this thesis to identify gravitational basins and valleys within the local universe by computing streamlines.On the other hand, a method based on the analysis of two-point galaxy peculiar velocity correlations has been developed in order to constrain the growth rate of large scale structures of the local universe from observational data. This method is applied to the Cosmicflows-3 catalogue of observed peculiar velocities
De, Paoli Elena. "Dynamics of null hypersurfaces in general relativity and applications to gravitational radiation, conserved charges and quantum gravity." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020AIXM0094.
Full textNoether’s theorem is one of the most beautiful pillars of classical mechanics and fieldtheory. It unravelled a relation between symmetries and conservation laws, and foundapplications in all domains of physics. Among its applications, the case of generalrelativity is probably one of the most subtle ones. The only symmetry of generalrelativity is the invariance under coordinate transformations, or diffeomorphisms. Butthis is more like a local gauge symmetry, and like for local gauge symmetries, a directapplication of the theorem says that there are no non-trivial conserved charges. Amore careful analysis shows that if one correctly takes into account the boundaryconditions, there are non-trivial charges, but these are not integrals over a Cauchyhypersurface, like in applications to field theories on flat spacetime, but rather surfaceintegrals over the two-dimensional boundaries of a Cauchy hypersurface. Such surfacecharges have played a key role in the understanding of general relativity since theADM (Arnowitt-Deser-Misner) Hamiltonian analysis and later on the seminal paperby Regge and Teitelboim. In current research, these surface charges play an importantrole in phenomenological applications: for instance the quantities measured by LIGOand Virgo, like the mass and angular momentum of coalescing black holes carriedaway by gravitational waves, are understood as surface charges
Kuntz, Adrien. "Testing gravity with the two-body problem." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020AIXM0206.
Full textGravitational waves provide a new probe into the strong-field regime of gravity. It is thus essential to identify the predictions of General Relativity on the nature of the two-body problem, and to contrast them to alternative theories. This thesis aims at comparing the predictions of General Relativity and scalar-tensor theories on gravitational observables using Effective Field Theory techniques. In a first part, we show how simple scalar-tensor theories can be embedded in the Non-Relativistic General Relativity approach to the two-body problem and highlight their essential features. Furthermore, we study the effects of a disformal coupling of the scalar on the two-body dynamics and introduce a resummation technique. This new Non-Relativistic Scalar-Tensor formalism will provide a basis for the study of the Vainshtein mechanism in two-body configurations which is at the core of the second part of this thesis. Finally, in a last part we devise an Effective Field Theory formalism adapted to gravitational wave generation in theories featuring scalar hair, in the extreme mass ratio regime
Boisseau, Bruno. "Théories de Jauge et champs généralisés dans le cadre de la mécanique hamiltonienne classique relativiste." Tours, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986TOUR4005.
Full textNoysena, Kanthanakorn. "Astronomie multi-messager avec des télescopes à grand champ de vue : stratégies d'observation, analyse d'images, suivi de candidats, études et implications astrophysiques." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOU30120.
Full textThe detection of gravitational waves (GWs) from LIGO and Virgo interferometers opened a new era for multimessenger observations especially with the coincident detection between GW events and gamma-ray burst (GRB) detection. The first GW event detected by LIGO on the 14th September 2015 (Abbott et al., 2016d) was a binary black hole merger (BBH). Until August 2017 nine other mergers of black holes were detected during runs O1 and O2. But the most interesting object for multimessenger astronomy was the merger of two neutron stars (BNS) detected on 17th August 2017 (Andreoni et al., 2017). This merger was detected in various electromagnetic waves and allowed to confirm the kilonova model. This research started with the analysis of images recorded by the TAROT telescopes during runs O1, O2 to detect new optical sources associated to black hole mergers. The analysis pipeline was developed to process images and none of optical transient detected but the limiting magnitude of the particular BBH event of 14th August 2017 gave new constraints about the hypothetical link with gamma ray bursts (Noysena et al., 2019). Three GW events; GW150914, GW170104 and GW170814 were observed with TAROT allowing us to constrain alpha < 10^-5, the fraction of energy emitted by gravitational waves converted into optical light. An approximately 100% coverage of localization of GW170814 was observed at 0.6 days after GW triggering with no evidence of optical transient and 65% of 147 optical light curves of GRBs known redshift were excluded. The chance to observe optical transient began when GW interferometers started the run O3 on 1st April 2019 and the campaign ended on 27th March 2020. At the end of run O3, 55 events were detected by LIGO and Virgo and 47 GW events were followed-up by TAROT, thousands of images were searched and analyzed for transient by pipeline using processing techniques described in this manuscript. No new credible optical source associated to GW events was found and 34 GCN circulars reporting optical observations were published to GCN network. The conversion efficiency alpha for BNS, BBH, and NSBH is at 2×10^-6, 3×10^-7 and 2×10^-8 respectively. The limiting magnitude and the short delay to start optical observations allow us to reduce severely the hypothesis of the association between GWs and GRBs in case of BBH mergers. However, we have not enough number of cases to exclude definitively the association. Five binary neutron star mergers were detected before the end of GW observation but none of them was closer than 100 Mpc which is beyond limiting distance where TAROT could detect the associated kilonova. As a consequence, no conclusion to derive any relevant with BNS optical observations. The optical follow up by TAROT was a pioneering experience with a lot of exciting jobs to adjust event after event to increase the efficiency of the detection pipeline. Joining the GRANDMA group brought more opportunity to detect optical transient during run O3 and result in scientific papers published by Antier et al. (2019, 2020). More GW counterparts and optical observations are needed and we are ready to participate to the optical follow-up of the next GW runs
Rizzato, Matteo. "Non-Gaussian cosmology : theoretical and statistical challenges for modern galaxy surveys." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS334.
Full textIn this thesis, we address key points for an efficient implementation of likelihood codes for modern weak lensing large-scale structure surveys. Specifically, we will focus on the joint weak lensing convergence power spectrum-bispectrum probe and we will tackle the numerical challenges required by realistic analyses. In order to clearly convey the importance of our research, we first provide an in-depth review of the background material required for a comprehensive understanding of the final results. The cosmological context of the study is provided, followed by a description of the technical elements inherent to unbiased covariance matrix estimation for the probe considered. Under the assumption of multivariate Gaussian likelihood, we developed a high performance code that allows highly parallelised prediction of the binned tomographic observables and of their joint non-Gaussian covariance matrix accounting for terms up to the 6-point correlation function and super-sample effects. This performance allows us to qualitatively address several interesting scientific questions. We find that the bispectrum provides an improvement in terms of signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) of about 10% on top of the power spectrum alone, making it a non-negligible source of information for future surveys. Furthermore, we are capable to address the impact of theoretical uncertainties in the halo model used to build our observables; with presently allowed variations we conclude that the impact is negligible on the S/N. Finally, we consider data compression possibilities to optimise future analyses of the weak lensing bispectrum. We find that, ignoring systematics, 5 equipopulated redshift bins are enough to recover the information content of a Euclid-like survey, with negligible improvement when increasing to 10 bins. We also explore principal component analysis and dependence on the triangle shapes as ways to reduce the numerical complexity of the problem
Mazuet, Charles. "Cosmologies with massive gravitons and their properties." Thesis, Tours, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOUR4029/document.
Full textCosmology in general and the cosmological constant problem are highly important as an insight on new physics. Indeed thanks to the discovery of the accelerating expansion of the Universe a whole bunch of new theories appeared. Until then, the General Relativity was the theory describing the Universe at large scale, but now several alternatives are good candidates to provide a better description about the large scale behaviour of our Universe. Among these theories, there is one called ghost-free Massive Gravity which gives the graviton a mass in order to mimic the cosmological constant instead of using the so-called dark energy. This theory was proved to be consistent but, until nowadays, the existence of viable cosmologies is still an on-going issue. In the first part of this thesis, we investigated a procedure to obtain all de Sitter solutions in dRGT theory, using de Sitter space as the physical space, with at reference metric depending on a Stuckelberg field T(t; r). The second part is devoted to the analysis of the anistropic perturbations around one of this solution, to investigate the stability of the cosmology of the theory. In the last part, we explore the posibility to answer a long-standing question, using the ghost-free Massive Gravity as a starting point in order to obtain a consistent theory of a massive spin-2 field on an arbitrary background. This time, instead of describing the dark energy, we conjecture that this field can be a part of dark matter, which is one of the substantial question for modern physics
BOGDANOFF, IGOR. "ETAT TOPOLOGIQUE DE L'ESPACE TEMPS A L'ECHELLE 0." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00001503.
Full textGratton, Roxanne. "Le champ de gravité martien : calcul du tenseur du géopotentiel ainsi que la détermination de la variation de l'ellipsoïde de référence suite à la disparition d'un paléo-océan." Mémoire, 2006. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/3158/1/M9394.pdf.
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