Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Champ lumineux'
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Couillaud, Julien. "Formation d'image : estimation du champ lumineux et matrice de filtres couleurs." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/5987.
Full textProust, Clément. "Vers un modèle unifié pour l'affichage autostéréoscopique d'images." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/8961.
Full textGautier, Jean-Luc. "Contribution à la modélisation microonde des transistors à effet de champ sur arseniure de gallium soumis à un flux lumineux application aux dispositifs commandés optiquement /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37605324d.
Full textGautier, Jean-Luc. "Contribution à la modélisation microonde des transistors à effet de champ sur Arséniure de Gallium soumis à un flux lumineux : application aux dispositifs commandés optiquement." Paris 11, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA112028.
Full textThe use of an optimization method for the determination of equivalent linear electrical model elements of gallium arsenide field effect transistor (MESFET) is presented. Sensibility and accuracy of this method are analysed, a preoptimization method is proposed for the amelioration of the results accuracy. A computer driven static and dynamic electrical measurement set has been developped. The main features are the realization of an efficient static characteristic plotter and an investigation of the microwave de-embedding of the component. The equivalent electrical model element variations with regard to the incident power light are presented, only a few of them have a significant variation. The optical frequency control of oscillator is theoretically shown and experimentally verified. The design and the realization of two narrow-band amplifiers emphasizes the light control gain. A graphical method for the feed-back impedance determination of flat gain amplifier over a wide frequency range is presented. This method is used to design an input-output matched flat gain amplifier between 4 and 8 GHz. Other potential applications are also presented and in addition an inversed grid transistor which permits to increase photoelectric effects
Pouvil, Pierre. "Nouveau modèle analytique du transistor à effet de champ à grille métallique sur Arséniure de Gallium en régime de saturation : application à la modélisation des caractéristiques électriques sous l'action d'un flux lumineux." Paris 11, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA112023.
Full textA new analytical model is proposed for the gallium arsenide field effect transistor (MESFET) in the saturation region. When the frequency is less than 1 GHz, the model provides the static characteristics and the extrinsic elements of the equivalent scheme. The model is based on an approximate quadratic form for the depletion region when electron velocity reaches up to the saturation velocity. The potential in the channel is given by the solution of Poisson's equation by taking into account the variation of the electron density inside it. Main physical phenomena like edge effects, overshoot velocity and the carrier injection in the buffer layer are taken into account. Theoretical and experimental results for the I-V characteristics, transconductance, output conductance, gate-source capacitance and gate-drain capacitance are made on submicrometre gat MESFET without and under illumination when the photon energy is greater than the gap bandwidth of the semiconductor. Applications of photo effects in MESFET are given with the design of MESFET amplifier and oscillator controlled by the light
Pouvil, Pierre. "Nouveau modèle analytique du transistor à effet de champ à grille métallique sur arseniure de gallium en régime de saturation application à la modélisation des caractéristiques électriques sous l'action d'un flux lumineux /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376090356.
Full textHerzog, Charlotte. "imagerie plénoptique : de la lumière visible aux rayons X." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020BORD0116.
Full textPlenoptic imaging is a technique that acquires spatial and angular information of the light rays incoming from a scene. After a single acquisition, numerical data treatment allows image manipulation such as synthetic aperture, changing viewpoint, refocusing at different depths, and consequently 3D reconstruction of the scene. Visible plenoptic has been widely studied. However, transposition from visible to X-rays has never been done and remains challenging. X-ray plenoptic would be beneficial to the X-ray imaging panorama. A single acquisition should be sufficient to reconstruct a volume, against 1000’s for X-ray tomography that is the today reference in 3D X-ray imaging.In this thesis, we consider plenoptic camera composed of a main lens, a microlens array and a detector. So far, two different configurations have been developed: the traditional and the focused plenoptic setups. Although these configurations are usually studied separately, they only differ by the distances between the optical elements. These two configurations were studied in detail to choose the most suitable for X-ray imaging, considering the constraints of X-ray optics. We observed a full continuity between the two systems. Therefore, we extended the previous work to more general formulas about optical configuration and theoretical resolutions. Theory about resolution along the depth axis was refined, as depth reconstruction and extraction are the main interest of X-ray plenoptic. Specific study was done on the evolution of contrast along depth as being a key parameter for depth reconstruction. We realized that contrast decreases when moving away from a privileged depth. This is important to consider as it can affect image reconstruction and quality of depth extraction.We also worked on refocusing algorithms. The refocusing algorithms are usually developed for each configuration separately. We worked to go beyond this separation. We developed a new algorithm valid for any configurations. Moreover, our algorithm is based on real distances between the optical elements, allowing generating images at any distances from the plenoptic camera. We defined a new parameterization between object and image spaces. Using geometrical optics, we calculated the matrix transformation between the two spaces. This allows back-projecting data from the acquired raw image to the object space, and reconstructing the pixels one by one, until the whole object. With this algorithm, we were able to simulate the process of image acquisition, and create synthetic plenoptic data. Reconstruction of these data was used to quantify the accuracy of the novel algorithm and prove its consistency.The refocusing algorithm allows reconstructing the depth planes one by one. Each refocused plane contains information about the whole 3D scene that has to be disentangled. The elements physically present at the refocused depth are intrinsically sharp, whereas the ones located at other depths are blurred. We used this contrast property to extract depth from the refocused images. We tested several existing methods derived from the field of depth from focus and studied their efficiency when applied to our images.In collaboration with European teams, we realized the first X-ray plenoptic camera that was tested at P05 beamline of PETRA III synchrotron. Based on the theoretical work developed in this thesis, we defined the best optical configuration, mounted the plenoptic camera, acquired X-ray plenoptic images, numerically refocused them using the new algorithm and verified the experimental resolutions and contrasts. Depth from focus techniques applied on the refocused stack allow to retrieve the expected depth plane. These are the first images acquired with an X-ray plenoptic camera
Mennerat-Robilliard, Cécile. "Atomes froids dans des réseaux optiques - Quelques facettes surprenantes d'un système modèle." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 1999. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00006734.
Full textet refroidis dans plusieurs types de structures lumineuses. Nous avons utilisé pour caractériser ces milieux des techniques de temps de vol, d'imagerie directe du nuage atomique et de spectroscopie pompe-sonde, afin d'obtenir des informations sur la température et la diffusion spatiale des atomes ainsi que sur leur mouvement dans les puits de potentiel.
Nous avons d'abord étudié la dynamique d'atomes de césium dans des
réseaux optiques tri-dimensionnels brillants en présence d'un champ
magnétique, et nous avons en particulier montré que les réseaux optiques fonctionnant en régime sautant donnent lieu à un refroidissement et un piégeage efficaces, et qu'un mécanisme de rétrécissement par le mouvement y conduit à des raies vibrationnelles étroites sur les spectres de transmission pompe-sonde. Avec des atomes de césium, nous avons également créé et
caractérisé un réseau optique tri-dimensionnel brillant obtenu avec
seulement deux faisceaux laser grâce à l'effet Talbot, puis un milieu aléatoire engendré à partir d'un champ de tavelures.
Enfin, nous avons étudié un ``moteur brownien'' pour des atomes de $^(87)$Rb dans un réseau gris asymétrique. Les résultats de l'étude
expérimentale sont en bon accord qualitatif avec des simulations numériques Monte-Carlo semi-classiques.
Revalor, E. "NUCLÉATION EN PRÉSENCE DE CHAMPS EXTERNES: Application aux principes actifs pharmaceutiques." Phd thesis, Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille III, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00609288.
Full textLu, Heqi. "Echantillonage d'importance des sources de lumières réalistes." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0001/document.
Full textRealistic images can be rendered by simulating light transport with Monte Carlo techniques. The possibility to use realistic light sources for synthesizing images greatly contributes to their physical realism. Among existing models, the ones based on environment maps and light fields are attractive due to their ability to capture faithfully the far-field and near-field effects as well as their possibility of being acquired directly. Since acquired light sources have arbitrary frequencies and possibly high dimension (4D), using such light sources for realistic rendering leads to performance problems.In this thesis, we focus on how to balance the accuracy of the representation and the efficiency of the simulation. Our work relies on generating high quality samples from the input light sources for unbiased Monte Carlo estimation. In this thesis, we introduce three novel methods.The first one is to generate high quality samples efficiently from dynamic environment maps that are changing over time. We achieve this by introducing a GPU approach that generates light samples according to an approximation of the form factor and combines the samples from BRDF sampling for each pixel of a frame. Our method is accurate and efficient. Indeed, with only 256 samples per pixel, we achieve high quality results in real time at 1024 × 768 resolution. The second one is an adaptive sampling strategy for light field light sources (4D), we generate high quality samples efficiently by restricting conservatively the sampling area without reducing accuracy. With a GPU implementation and without any visibility computations, we achieve high quality results with 200 samples per pixel in real time at 1024 × 768 resolution. The performance is still interactive as long as the visibility is computed using our shadow map technique. We also provide a fully unbiased approach by replacing the visibility test with a offline CPU approach. Since light-based importance sampling is not very effective when the underlying material of the geometry is specular, we introduce a new balancing technique for Multiple Importance Sampling. This allows us to combine other sampling techniques with our light-based importance sampling. By minimizing the variance based on a second-order approximation, we are able to find good balancing between different sampling techniques without any prior knowledge. Our method is effective, since we actually reduce in average the variance for all of our test scenes with different light sources, visibility complexity, and materials. Our method is also efficient, by the fact that the overhead of our "black-box" approach is constant and represents 1% of the whole rendering process
Nussenzveig, Paulo. "Mesures de champs au niveau du photon par interférométrie atomique." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 1994. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011897.
Full textLefkir, Miloud. "Mesure des susceptibilités non linéaires d'ordre trois par auto-modification de l'état de polarisation d'une onde lumineuse : rôle des gradients transversés du champ." Angers, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ANGE0025.
Full textPicornell, Thierry. "Effet conjugué d'une irradiation lumineuse à partir de lasers fonctionnant en régime impulsionnel pico. Et subpicoseconde et d'un champ électrique intense : application aux métaux." Paris 11, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA112473.
Full textSanches, Fabio Henrique Carretero [UNESP]. "Distribuição espacial de caranguejos-chama-maré: efeitos do sombreamento, competição interespecífica e seleção sexual." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/151502.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Os caranguejos-chama-maré são espécies semiterrestres, sociais, que habitam margens de praias abertas, manguezais e marismas, tanto em zonas tropicais como temperadas. Cada indivíduo concentra suas atividades em torno de uma toca, com as fêmeas possuindo os dois quelípodo de mesmo tamanho, enquanto os machos possuem um dos quelípodo hipertrofiado, usados como armas durante interações agressivas para proteção do território ou durante a corte em um movimento característico de display, sendo excelentes modelos para estudos de competição e seleção sexual. Além disso, a escavação do solo para construção de suas tocas acarreta na maior oxigenação do mesmo, altera as condições de drenagem, distribuição de partículas, disponibilidade de matérias orgânicas e nutrientes, sendo assim considerados engenheiros do ecossistema. Portanto, alterações nos manguezais que influenciam na distribuição desse grupo de caranguejos podem intensificar potenciais impactos nessas regiões. A presente tese de doutorado foi dividida em três capítulos. O estudo do capítulo 1 foi realizado em manguezais do litoral centro/sul do Estado de São Paulo, onde investigamos o efeito do sombreamento na distribuição espacial, comportamento e fisiologia de duas espécies de caranguejos-chama-marés: Leptuca leptodactyla e Leptuca urugayensis. Já o estudo do capítulo 2 foi concretizado durante período de doutorado sanduíche no exterior, realizado na Austrália. Nele, examinamos o efeito da migração de espécies de áreas adjacentes (Tubuca elegans e Tubuca signata), relacionados à elevação do nível do mar, sobre o comportamento social e reprodutivo de outra espécie desse grupo de caranguejos, Austruca mjoebergi. Ainda durante o período de doutorado sanduíche, realizei o estudo do capítulo 3 com ênfase em seleção sexual de caranguejos-chama-maré (Austruca mjoebergi), mais relacionado à linha de pesquisa da minha orientadora no exterior, onde examinamos a precisão e o tempo de escolha das fêmeas em relação à velocidade, quantidade e complexidade dos displays dos machos.
Fiddler crabs are semi-terrestrial and social species that inhabit open beaches margin, mangroves and salt marshes, both in tropical and temperate zones. Each individual concentrates its activities in their territory surrounding a burrow, with females possessing both chelipodes of the same size, while males have one of them hypertrophied, used as weapons during aggressive interactions to protect the territory or during waving displays to attract females, being excellent models for studies of competition and sexual selection. In addition, the excavation of the soil for the construction of its burrows leads to increased oxygenation, changes in drainage conditions, particle distribution, availability of organic matter and nutrients, being considered thus ecosystem engineers. Therefore, alterations in mangroves that influence the distribution of this group of crabs may intensify potential impacts into these regions. The present PhD thesis was divided into three chapters. The study of chapter 1 was carried out in mangroves of the central / southern coast of the state of São Paulo, where we investigated the shading effect on the spatial distribution, behavior and physiology of two species of fiddler crabs: Leptuca leptodactyla and Leptuca urugayensis. The study of chapter 2 was made during a doctorate period sandwich abroad, held in Australia. We examined the effect of the migration of species of adjacent areas (Tubuca elegans and Tubuca signata), related to the elevation of sea level, on the social and reproductive behavior of another species of this group of crabs, Austruca mjoebergi. Also during the sandwich doctorate period, I conducted the study of chapter 3 with an emphasis on sexual selection of Austruca mjoebergi, more related to the research line of my supervisor abroad, where we examined the accuracy and the time of females in relation to the speed, quantity and complexity of male’s displays.
CNPq: 140515/2014-3
Deumié-Raviol, Carole. "Ellipsométrie sur champ diffus et analyse multi-échelle de la microstructure des multicouches optiques : diffusion lumineuse, microscopie à force atomique, microscopie à effet tunnel optique." Aix-Marseille 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997AIX30087.
Full textSanches, Fabio Henrique Carretero. "Distribuição espacial de caranguejos-chama-maré efeitos do sombreamento, competição interespecífica e seleção sexual /." Botucatu, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/151502.
Full textResumo: Os caranguejos-chama-maré são espécies semiterrestres, sociais, que habitam margens de praias abertas, manguezais e marismas, tanto em zonas tropicais como temperadas. Cada indivíduo concentra suas atividades em torno de uma toca, com as fêmeas possuindo os dois quelípodo de mesmo tamanho, enquanto os machos possuem um dos quelípodo hipertrofiado, usados como armas durante interações agressivas para proteção do território ou durante a corte em um movimento característico de display, sendo excelentes modelos para estudos de competição e seleção sexual. Além disso, a escavação do solo para construção de suas tocas acarreta na maior oxigenação do mesmo, altera as condições de drenagem, distribuição de partículas, disponibilidade de matérias orgânicas e nutrientes, sendo assim considerados engenheiros do ecossistema. Portanto, alterações nos manguezais que influenciam na distribuição desse grupo de caranguejos podem intensificar potenciais impactos nessas regiões. A presente tese de doutorado foi dividida em três capítulos. O estudo do capítulo 1 foi realizado em manguezais do litoral centro/sul do Estado de São Paulo, onde investigamos o efeito do sombreamento na distribuição espacial, comportamento e fisiologia de duas espécies de caranguejos-chama-marés: Leptuca leptodactyla e Leptuca urugayensis. Já o estudo do capítulo 2 foi concretizado durante período de doutorado sanduíche no exterior, realizado na Austrália. Nele, examinamos o efeito da migração de espécies de áreas adja... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Doutor
Vicentini, Claire. "Évaluation de dispositifs d’illumination textiles permettant d’améliorer l’efficacité et la tolérance de la Thérapie Photodynamique en Dermatologie : modèle des kératoses actiniques." Thesis, Lille 2, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL2S044.
Full textBackground: Photodynamic therapy is an effective treatment for actinic keratosis, for patients with large areas of field cancerization. Among the approved protocols in Europe, the most widely used requires illumination with a LED lamp. However, pain during irradiation and the reproductibility are two limiting factors of this protocol. To overcome these limits, a light-emitting fabric-based device was developed. We evaluated these devices and two illumination schemes: Flexitheraligth at a fluence rate of 12.3 mW/cm2 to get a fluence of 37J/cm2 and Pho-Istos at a fluence rate of 1.3 mW/cm2 to get a fluence of 12J/cm2.Objectives: We aim to assess the non-inferiority, in terms of photodynamic therapy efficacy to treat actinic keratosis, of the Flexitheralight and Phos-Istos devices compared with the conventional protocol using the red LED lamp.Methods: Randomized, controlled, phase II clinical studies were performed. We included patients with grade I-II actinic keratosis of the forehead and scalp, treated with methyl aminolevulinate photodynamic therapy in two symmetrical areas. One area was treated with the conventional protocol, whereas the other area was treated with the Flexitheralight or the Phos-Istos protocol, depending on the study. The primary endpoint was the lesion complete response rate at three months (an absolute non-inferiority margin of -10% was used). The secondary endpoints included patient-reported pain at the end of the irradiation.Results: The Flexitheralight study included twenty-five patients treated with the Flexitheralight device on one area (n=154 actinic keratosis) and with the LED lamp on the contralateral area (n=156 actinic keratosis). The lesion complete response rate with the Flexitheralight protocol was non-inferior to that obtained with the LED lamp (66.0% vs. 59.1%, respectively; absolute difference, 6.9%; 95% confidence interval, -0.6% to 14.5%). Patient-reported pain was significantly lower with the Flexitheralight protocol than with the LED lamp (mean ± standard deviation: 0.4 ± 0.6 vs. 5.0 ± 2.6; p<0.0001).The Phos-Istos study included forty-six patients treated with the Phos-Istos device on one area (n=280 lesions) and with the LED lamp on the contralateral area (n=280 lesions). Three months following treatment, the lesion complete response rate of the Phos-Istos device was non-inferior to the LED lamp (79.3% vs. 80.7%, respectively; absolute difference, -1.6%; one-sided 95% confidence interval, -4.5% to infinity). The pain score at the end of illumination was significantly lower for the Phos-Istos device than for the LED lamp (mean±standard deviation: 0.3±0.6 vs. 7.4±2.3; p<0.0001).Conclusions: The light emitting fabrics and the low-irradiance protocols are non-inferior in terms of efficacy and superior in terms of tolerability to the conventional protocol for treating actinic keratoses of the forehead and scalp
Hinschberger, Yannick. "Etude théorique des effets relativistes induits par une impulsion lumineuse ultra-rapide dans la matière." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00923154.
Full textGilbert, Olivier. "Ellipsométrie sur champ spéculaire et diffus : théorie et expérience." Phd thesis, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00083577.
Full textLes mesures sur champ spéculaire ont tout dabord largement validé le banc et nous avons mis en oeuvre une méthode pour détecter la présence de contamination sur un composant, sans avoir besoin de la connaissance préalable son indice de réfraction.
Dans une deuxième étape, nous avons étendu les mesures à la détermination angulaire du déphasage polarimétrique sur champ diffus. Dans le cas de composants faiblement perturbés, pour lesquels une théorie électromagnétique au premier ordre est utilisée, cette mesure permet de discriminer sans ambiguïté lorigine, surfacique ou volumique, de la diffusion. Nous avons également mis en évidence les effets dinterférences entre ondes diffusées par les surfaces et volumes, grâce à la présence doscillations autour de la valeur moyenne du déphasage, et la sensibilité aux effets de décorrélation verticale dans les multicouches.
Létude des composants très hétérogènes est également abordée dans le détail, en tenant compte des effets de dépolarisation. Nous montrons comment les techniques
précédentes permettent encore de discriminer les effets de surface et de volume. En particulier le déphasage polarimétrique mesuré dans le speckle résolu du champ diffus, constitue une véritable signature des composants. A laide dune approche phénoménologique, on montre que lamplitude des oscillations du déphasage permet dextraire le taux de dépolarisation angulaire. De façon plus générale, la méthode dellipsométrie sur champ diffus permet une scrutation approfondie, tout en ouvrant la porte aux problèmes inverses et de reconstruction en champ lointain.