Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Champ proche'
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Marchi, Florence. "Nanolithographie par microscopies en champ proche." Aix-Marseille 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000AIX22078.
Full textPayet, Pierre. "Injection électromagnétique et microscopie en champ proche." Thesis, Montpellier, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MONTS027/document.
Full textMicrowave near-field microscopes are emerging tools for material characterization. In this work, a near-field probe was designed, described and analyzed in terms of performance and resolution. This probe has been associated with two microscopes in the near microwave field. The first microscope is based on intensity reflectometry and evaluated the quality and lateral resolution of the probe. This resolution can reach a subwavelength dimension, opening the way to local characterization of materials. The second experiment presents the design of a materials characterization bench. This system uses an I/Q mixer to extract information in intensity and phase of near-field interaction. Finally, the last experiment concerns electromagnetic injection in the near field of an out-of-band signal on a communication module. The overall results show that the near-field injection experiment has the potential to become an important metrology tool for susceptibility studies
Fayjaloun, Rosemary. "Estimation du mouvement fort en champ proche." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAU031/document.
Full textAccumulated data of strong ground motions have been providing us very important knowledge about rupture processes of earthquakes, propagation-path, site-amplification effects on ground motion, the relation between ground motion and damage... However, most of the ground motion databases used in the development of ground motion prediction models are primarily comprised of accelerograms produced by small and moderate earthquakes. Hence, as magnitude increases, the sets of ground motions become sparse. Ground motion databases are poorly sampled for short source-to-site distance ranges (‘Near-fault’ ranges). However, the strongest ground shaking generally occurs close to earthquake fault rupture. Countries of moderate to high seismicity for which major faults can break in the vicinity of its major cities are facing a major seismic risk, but the lack of earthquake recordings makes it difficult to predict ground motion. Strong motion simulations may then be used instead. One of the current challenges for seismologists is the development of reliable methods for simulating near-fault ground motion taking into account the lack of knowledge about the characteristics of a potential rupture. This thesis is divided into 2 parts. Part 1 focuses on better understanding the seismic rupture process and its relation with the near-fault ground motion. The mechanisms of peak ground motion generating are investigated for homogeneous as well as for heterogeneous ruptures. A quantitative sensitivity analysis of the ground motion to the source kinematic parameters is presented, for sites located in the vicinity of the fault rupture, as well as far from the rupture. A second chapter is dedicated to a major near-fault source effect: the directivity effect. This phenomenon happens when the rupture propagates towards a site of interest, with a rupture speed close to the shear-wave speed (Vs); the waves propagating towards the site adds up constructively and generates a large amplitude wave called the pulse. The features of this pulse are of interest for the earthquake engineering community. In this chapter, a simple equation is presented that relates the period of the pulse to the geometric configuration of the rupture and the site of interest, and to the source parameters.Part 2 is dedicated to better estimate the seismic hazard in Lebanon by simulating the strong ground motion at sites near the main fault (the Yammouneh fault). Lebanon is located in an active tectonic environment where the seismic hazard is considered moderate to high. Historically, destructive earthquakes occurred in the past, the last one dates back to 1202. However, strong motion has never been recorded in Lebanon till now due to the presently infrequent large-magnitude seismicity, and therefore facing an alarming note of potential new ruptures. The Yammouneh fault is a large strike-slip fault crossing Lebanon, making all its regions located within 25km away from the fault. At first, the crustal structure tomography of Lebanon, in terms of Vs, is performed using the ambient noise, in order to characterise the wave propagation from the rupture to the ground surface. To our knowledge, this is the first study of the 3D Vs tomography in Lebanon. Afterwards, a hybrid approach is presented to simulate broadband near-fault ground motion . At low-frequencies (≤1Hz), potential ruptures of M7 are simulated (as defined in the previous chapters), and the generated slip rate functions are convolved with the Green’s functions computed for the propagation medium defined by the Vs tomography. The ground-motion is complemented by a high-frequency content (up to 10Hz), using a stochastic model calibrated by near-fault recordings and accounting for the presence of the directivity pulse. The computed peak ground acceleration is compared to the design acceleration in Lebanon
Degeorges, Jean-François. "Rayonnement acoustique des plaques en champ proche." Le Mans, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LEMA1016.
Full textAdam, Ronan. "Sondes de champ proche pour l'imagerie térahertz." Montpellier 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MON20125.
Full textPizzagalli, Laurent. "Amas supportes et microscopie en champ proche." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997STR13166.
Full textDegeorges, Jean-François. "Rayonnement acoustique des plaques en champ proche." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376130547.
Full textLAHRECH, AHMED. "Imagerie infrarouge par microscopie en champ proche optique." Paris 11, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA112291.
Full textSthal, Fabrice. "Microscopie acoustique en champ proche a pointe vibrante." Besançon, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BESA2002.
Full textPayet, Nicolas. "Caractérisation d'antennes HF par mesures en champ proche." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066157.
Full textAfter having been neglected in recent decades, the RF frequency band (3-30~MHz) is currently experiencing a revival. Initially reserved for long-distance communication, by reflection of waves on the ionosphere, the HF band is widely used in radar to detect targets beyond the radio horizon. The performances of such systems depend on the precise knowledge of the electromagnetic field radiated by the antenna. Metric dimensions of these transmitters forbid direct in situ measurement of the electric field radiated by the antenna in the far field zone. In addition, modes of propagation, sky wave and surface wave modes, associated with HF antennas are highly dependent on their environment. The objective here is to define a method for characterizing a HF antenna placed above a real ground, based on a near field measurement. We therefore propose two methods to characterize a HF antenna. The first is based on a modal expansion of the near field, for which we take the ground into account by using a reflection coefficient. Then through an asymptotic expansion of the electric field spectrum, we determine the far field of the antenna. The second method uses a method of moments to identify the equivalent sources modelling the antenna under test. Those equivalent sources are elementary vertical and horizontal dipoles, for which radiation has been analytically calculated by Peter Bannister. A regularization method is used to extract, on the one hand, a physical solution, and on the other hand, to make the linear system less sensitive to measurement noise
Gariel, Jean-Christophe. "Simulation numérique des mouvements forts en champ proche." Grenoble 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988GRE10080.
Full textGariel, Jean-Christophe. "Simulation numérique des mouvements forts en champ proche." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37613815j.
Full textLi, Claire. "Étude des propriétés de champ proche et de champ lointain des nano-antennes infrarouges." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PSLET044.
Full textNanoantennas have the ability to manipulate light both spatially and spectrally at the nanoscale. They can be arranged in arrays by the periodization of a pattern in order to construct tunable metasurfaces with spatially homogeneous properties. A promising application is the use of nanoantennas as thermal emitters for the design of infrared sources that bypass the limitations of conventional ones. Nevertheless, ensemble measurements give rise to collective effects such as inter-antenna coupling that are liable to impair the global optical response compared to that of the unit cell. The objective of this thesis is to develop highly-sensitive experimental methods that can resolve the intrinsic optical response of a subwavelength structure so that resonant processes at the single nano-antenna scale are better understood.The study hinges on two main research axes, one dedicated to a near-field technique using a thermal radiation scanning tunneling microscope for super-resolved imaging, the other pertaining to the development of an original experimental set-up that can extract the emission spectrum of a single nanoantenna in the far field. Following the results obtained with single nanoantennas, more complex structures comprised of several nanoantennas are investigated to characterize their interaction. This work paves the way towards design improvement of nanophotonic structures based on nanoantennas and control over their behavior in both the near field and the far field
Castanié, Etienne. "Émission dipolaire et absorption en champ proche de nanostructures." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00642536.
Full textLecaque, Romain. "Microscopie optique de champ proche dans le domaine terahertz." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00087889.
Full textTout d'abord, nous avons développé un instrument dont l'originalité réside dans l'illumination qui est assurée par une source locale IR/THz générée in situ par rectification optique. Plusieurs échantillons métalliques et diélectriques ont alors été imagés, mettant en évidence une résolution sub-longueur d'onde dans le domaine THz. Parallèlement, une étude théorique a permis de comprendre les mécanismes de formation des images dans le microscope.
Une autre version du microscope optique de champ proche, fonctionnant dans un mode dit sans ouverture a aussi été élaboré. Cette configuration a permis d'atteindre une résolution inférieure au micron dans le domaine THz, grâce à l'ajout d'une pointe métallique fonctionnant comme un diffuseur des ondes évanescentes.
Seghouani, Nassim. "Méthodes de régularisation appliquées à l'holographie acoustique champ proche." Toulouse 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995TOU30077.
Full textEl-Khoury, Ziad. "Transformée par ondelettes appliquée à l'holographie acoustique champ proche." Toulouse 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993TOU30262.
Full textCastanié, Etienne. "Emission dipolaire et absorption en champ proche de nanostructures." Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066656.
Full textBenfedda, Mohamed. "Micro-sondes de champ proche optique pour l'opto-électronique." Montpellier 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999MON20068.
Full textMamouni, Ahmed. "Radiométrie microonde en champ proche : applications médicales (Thermographie Microonde)." Lille 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LIL10075.
Full textCaplain, Emmanuel. "Développement de capteurs et d'instrumentations pour champ proche acoustique." Montpellier 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MON20107.
Full textMignard, France. "Microscopie optique en champ proche de dispositifs optoelectroniques integrés." Paris 7, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA077169.
Full textQuidant, Romain. "Dispositifs optiques submicroniques : nanofabrication et caractérisation en champ proche." Dijon, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002DIJOS026.
Full textFoubert, Kevin. "Etude en champ proche optique de structures nanophotoniques couplées." Thesis, Dijon, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011DIJOS091.
Full textSince the end of the XXth century, optics benefits from significant breakthrough comingfrom the micro-electronic technologies. It is thus now possible to produce, guide, slow downor even trap light on a chip at a sub-wavelength scale. In this thesis, we study such opticalcomponents thanks to a Scanning Near-Field Optical Microscope (SNOM).The first part exposes an overall view of the current situation in the field of dielectricsubstrate integrated nanophotonics. Some of the recent outstanding issues and results are hereintroduced, as well as the general principle and the necessary tools to operate a SNOM.The second part is dedicated to optical near-field microscopy, technically speaking. Thephysical rules are here developed. Then we detail the instrumental set up of our own SNOMon our optical characterization bench. We end by analysing the optical images formation witha SNOM.The third part bears upon the study of Silicon-on-Insulator (SOI) coupled waveguides whereoptical nano-cavities could be inserted, by resorting to the previously implemented SNOM.Overlapping evanescent fields induced coupling phenomena are numerically and analyticallystudied. The use of the SNOM allowed us here to check the validity of our models. Besides,we have directly observed thanks to this instrument the guiding and confinement of light ina low refractive index media. However, we show that this phenomenon is highly subjected tofabrication uncertainties. Finally, we use the SNOM and spectral measurements in order todemonstrate that systems of N coupled nanocavities could be described with a simple coupledmodes model
Mamouni, Ahmed. "Radiométrie microonde en champ proche applications médicales (thermographie microonde) /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37615654c.
Full textGuillet, Jean-Paul. "Développement d'un système de microscopie en champ proche terahertz." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON20193/document.
Full textWe developed two configurations of terahertz near field microscope. Th first one use an aperture and the other use a tip. We studied Sommerfeld wire waves
Mimouni, Salim. "Enregistrement de disques optiques haute densité en champ proche." Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007GRE10235.
Full textOur needs for data storage are explosives. Generated by multimedia content of increasing size, they lead to a frantic enhancement of optical discs performances. However, the physical limits are quickly reached. Among them, the diffraction of light waves has restricted the recording capacity of the CD, the DVD and still limits the "Blu-ray” (BD) disc capacity. This thesis proposes to overcome this barrier by a thorough study of near-field optical pickup. The current near-field optical head using solid immersion lens, completely passive towards evanescent waves, will be optimized to provide a storage capacity 40% higher. But market demand for optical disk requires going further. The theory of the negative index materials, highly controversial, is sufficiently relevant to guide the rest of the work. A negative index material is a utopian solution to break the resolution limit, and its properties will inspire a photonic super-lens. In this lens designed for the near-field, surface plasmons which are excited at the interfaces between silver and glass, are converted into propagative waves through a sub-wavelength diffractive structure. These waves carry information to the detector through the whole optical head. The transmission of this component is demonstrated in an experimental setup in which we recover a signal carried by a 488nm-wavelength laser beam, but relative to 60nm sized object
Mimouni, Salim. "Enregistrement de disques optiques haute densité en champ proche." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00493016.
Full textGreusard, Léo. "Etude en champ proche de sources plasmoniques actives dans le proche infrarouge et méthode d'imagerie basée sur l'action d'un champ électromagnétique sur une pointe." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066742.
Full textIn this thesis, we adapt an aperture scanning near-field optical microscope (SNOM) featuring an aluminum hollow pyramid as a probe, for a use in the near-infrared range (NIR). We apply this SNOM system to characterize tensile-strained quantum well laser diodes with a metallic patterning designed for an electrical and integrated generation of surface plasmons-polaritons (SPPs) at the telecom wavelengths. SPPs are generated by structuring the top surface of the diode ridge with a gold grating. The study of the transverse mode field distribution also allows us to analyze the influence of the metallic layer on the cavity and to show the eventual existence of a hyrid plasmonic mode. We also develop a broadband super-resolution imaging technique based on the action of an intensity-modulated electromagnetic field on an atomic force microscopy tip. The study as a function of the modulation frequency shows several regimes where different mechanisms are involved in the field-tip interaction. We also validate its ability to probe evanescent fields and subwavelength apertures in a metallic film, from the visible range up to the mid-IR
Brissinger, Damien. "Étude et manipulation de modes résonants en champ proche optique." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00678449.
Full textToullier, Sebastien. "Developpement de Sondes Thermoelectriques pour applications de type champ Proche." Phd thesis, Université de Franche-Comté, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00613255.
Full textSamson, Benjamin. "Imagerie thermique par microscopie en champ proche à sonde fluorescente." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00440188.
Full textBrissinger, Damien. "Etude et manipulation de modes résonnants en champ proche optique." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00688008.
Full textHe, Hongyang. "Traitement d'antennes pour la localisation de sources en champ proche." Nantes, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010NANT2001.
Full textThis thesis addresses the near-field source localization problem. The main difficulties in this domain come from two aspects. Firstly, the sphericity of the received signal wavefront must be considered due to the reduced source-array distance, which limits the use of the well-studied and efficient far-field methods in the estimation. Several improved techniques are proposed and presented. These methods, based on the approximations of signal model, are able to estimate the sources parameters with a higher efficiency and a better performance than the classical techniques. Secondly, the unavoidable presence of the array imperfections, which can degrade greatly the estimation performances in a real environment, is considered. The calibration techniques are used to solve this problem. In order to minimize the negative influences of the undesirable effects on the estimation, measurement data are used in calibration. The proposed calibration technique, based on the interpolation of the measurement data, presents good performances on estimation efficiency and precision. This report considers also the passive source localization problem. A MIMO-based approach is proposed and found to be able to improve greatly the performances of parameter estimation
Farnault, Etienne. "Contribution à l'étude d'un microscope thermoélastique fonctionnant en champ proche." Besançon, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BESA2068.
Full textHalidi, El Mohamed. "Études RMN et IRM en champ proche : développements et applications." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON20261/document.
Full textThe principle of NMR is based on the detection of the magnetization originating from the spin of atomic nuclei such as 13C, 31P and 1H. The sample is placed in a static magnetic field, which polarizes the ensemble of spins and it is excited by radiofrequency pulses (wavelength about one meter), that tilt the axis of the magnetization. When the magnetization returns to equilibrium, it generates an electromagnetic field which is classically detected by a receiving antenna (coil with atuning/matching circuit) in inductive coupling.In this work, we propose the use of a micrometer-sized probe positioned in the vicinity of the object of interest, at a distance well shorter than the wavelength of the radiated NMR signal.Our microprobe presents innovative characteristics (i) a capacitive coupling (electric field component), (ii) reduced dimensions for an accurate positioning, which ensure the detection of NMR signal from the sample and (iii) it has a broadband, which allows use to detect any nuclei without being tuned to the Larmor frequency.To introduce you this new alternative, the tools necessary to the understanding of this work, in this case the principle of NMR/MRI and an introduction of the theory of the electric near field are given initially.We made also a state of the art of existing methods and techniques for measuring the NMR signal to identify the benefits that such a system (method : capacitive coupling and device : microprobe near field) can bring to the NMR technique.Then, we have characterized our microprobe to enhance its localized detection due to its small size (127 μm in diameter and 2mm in length). In this stage of characterization, we demonstrated that the NMR signal recovered by our antenna can be described by the electric near field expression :E(x, z) = A(Kz ) exp(i(z/L)) exp(−x/L) +Propagative TermFinally, we applied our system to make NMR studies such as spectroscopy, the relaxometry and NMR Imaging. We have outlined some potential projects to the continuity of this work
Ouardirhi, Zacharia. "Technique expérimentale de mesure en champ proche pour le calcul du champ lointain d'éléments rayonnants filaires." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0017/MQ53595.pdf.
Full textGross, Nathalie. "Microspectrométrie infrarouge en champ proche et champ lointain : développement et application à l'étude de peau humaine." Paris 11, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA112070.
Full textWe explore some of the possibilities offered by infrared micro-spectroscopy, defined as the association of scanning microscopic imaging with the analytical properties of infrared spectroscopy. Our goal is to reunite the far-field micro-spectroscopy, particularly performing when using synchrotron radiation, with spectroscopy in the near-field. With the latter technique, still in development, we expect to obtain resolutions much sma1ler than the wavelength by utilizing a tunable infrared source (in our case a free electron laser). Using far-field microscopy, we chose to study the chemical and structural composition of human skin. The spectral evolution observed throughout the various epidermis layers allowed us to characterize, for the first time using infrared spectroscopy, the phenomena of epidermis differentiation. Besides using the intensity profiles of the tissue bio-molecules absorption bands to localize different skin regions, the microscopic data indicate the existence of secondary structures specific to tissue proteins, as well as a very organized lipidic environment in the region of the stratum conium. The application of this technique in cosmetics makes it possible to visualize the microscopic distribution of natural products throughout the various layers of the skin. Our work in near-field techniques was mainly centered on the development of a Photon Scanning Tunneling Microscope (PSTM) with emphasis in doing local spectroscopy rather than imaging. Working with model samples (irradiated polymers) we obtained specific spectroscopic signatures as well as observed spectral modifications when passing through regions chemically different. Our data demonstrate the validity of our experimental approach and open several possibilities to future works on the subject
Pagani, Yves. "Théorie rigoureuse de la diffraction pour l'étude d'objets magnéto-optiques : applications champ proche et champ lointain." Besançon, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003BESA2017.
Full textMitiche, Sarra. "Plasmonique, un outil pour l'ingénierie du champ électromagnétique aux petites échelles : Manipulation du champ proche optique." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS321.
Full textAt nanometer scale, the metallic particles exhibit new optical properties related to the surface plasmon resonance phenomenon. A plasmon resonance is a collective and coherent oscillation of the conduction electrons at a metallic nanoparticle surface under an external electromagnetic field. The resonance wavelength and the spatial distribution of the associated electromagnetic field depend on the nanoparticle characteristics (size, shape and chemical nature), the surrounding dielectric medium and the illumination geometry.The excitation of surface plasmons generates local electromagnetic fields of high intensity located at specific points of the nanoparticle called "hot spots". The light is miniaturized and confined in sub-wavelength areas (<20 nm). The ability to produce and control hot spots holds great promise for a large range of applications from information technology to renewable energies and biomedicine. This thesis highlights the possibility of generating and manipulating hot spots in nanostructures throughout the particle geometry or/and the configuration and wavelength of the exciting light. To do this, the optical response of various metallic nano-objects of different geometries and sizes, taken individually: cube, prism ... or in groups: dimer, chain ... are studied by PhotoEmission Electron Microscopy (PEEM), a non-intrusive and high resolution (20 nm) mapping technique allowing a selective addressing of plasmons modes. In addition to this experimental investigation, the search for a specific optical near-field distribution is also carried out using group theory. We developed an original theoretical method allowing to predict in a few minutes the plasmonic response of a 2D or 3D particle, of finite or infinite symmetry, alone or in dimer, from the object and exciting field symmetries. In parallel, numerical simulations using the Boundary Element Method (BEM) have been carried out
Berguiga, Lotfi. "Etude et réalisation d'un microscope de champ proche optique avec asservissement de type "shear force" : application à l'étude en champ proche du vieillissement de fibres optiques." Dijon, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001DIJOS023.
Full textLaverdant, Julien. "Nanosources exaltées pour la spectroscopie non-linéaire en champ proche optique." Phd thesis, Université de Versailles-Saint Quentin en Yvelines, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00192189.
Full textCe mémoire présente l'étude des propriétés optiques à l'échelle nanométrique de films granulaires métalliques. Les modes de résonances plasmons, quand ils sont excités, génèrent des pics d'exaltation localisés.
Pour faire les études expérimentales de ces échantillons, nous avons choisi la microscopie optique de champ proche à ouverture (SNOM). Nos résultats montrent la localisation de champs intenses dans des zones nanométriques. Ces exaltations dépendent de la longueur d'onde et de la polarisation. Il existe un régime purement diffusif quand les résonances plasmons ne sont pas excitées. En augmentant la longueur d'onde, les exaltations apparaissent, mais la diffusion est toujours présente. Une étude statistique par la fonction d'autocorrélation analyse ces deux régimes.
Estruch, T. "Extinction extraordinaire par superposition en champ proche de filtres élémentaires nanostructurés." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01020030.
Full textZhang, Lingran. "Modélisation en champ proche de l’interaction entre sol et bloc rocheux." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAI096/document.
Full textThe prediction of boulder trajectory and the design of protection structures are particularly two main interests of rockfall engineering. The prediction of boulder trajectory largely depends on the bouncing of the boulder, and the design of protection structures, such as embankments, are closely related to the impact force on the boulder.Based on this background, the thesis deals with the interaction between a boulder and a granular medium as well as the bouncing of a boulder on a granular medium, through numerical modelling based on discrete element method. The objective of the thesis is to identify and quantify the mechanisms that governs the bouncing of boulder and the load transfer inside the impacted medium. The main contents include three parts: DEM modelling of the impact process, global bouncing of the boulder and micromechanical behaviour of the impacted medium.The classical contact law implemented with rolling resistance to consider particle shape effects calibrated based on quasi-static triaxial tests is used to model the dynamic impact process. The boulder is modelled as a single sphere with an incident velocity, the medium is modelled as an assembly composed of poly-disperse spherical particles. The numerical impact modelling is validated in terms of impact force, impact duration, penetration depth by experiments from literature.Bouncing of the boulder is investigated together with the energy propagation process inside the impacted medium. The strength of the medium during impact is represented by elastic strain energy, while the strength of the medium is not persistent since the increase of elastic strain energy is followed by the increase of kinetic energy and energy dissipation, as well as the decrease of the coordination number. Boulder's bouncing occurrence obtained based on 3D simulations shows that three impact regimes exist, which is consistent with the results of citet{Bourrier_2008}. In addition, comparison between 2D and 3D bouncing occurrence diagrams shows that the positions and shapes of bouncing occurrence diagrams shift due to the different strength and energy dissipation properties. Based on the two aspects of investigations, the relation between the bouncing of the boulder and the energy propagation inside the medium is discussed.The micromechanical behaviour of the impacted system is investigated by focusing on force chain mechanisms. The force chain network in the impacted medium is characterized based on particle stress information. The aim is to find the role of force chains in the strength and the microstructure of the medium. Investigations of the impact force on the boulder by impacting samples composed of different grain sizes shows that sample composed of big grains resulting in a larger impact force, longer force chains compared with the medium thickness, and large percentage of long age force chains. In addition, the spatial and temporal distribution of force chains are investigated and the results show that the strength of the medium under impact is built by chain particles located between the boulder and the bottom boundary, and the force chain propagation in the lateral direction of the medium plays a secondary role. Moreover, the investigation of force chain buckling mechanisms indicates that, triggered by the relative movements between the chain particles, the increase of buckling number is related to the decrease of impact force on the boulder as well as the increase of kinetic energy and energy dissipation inside the medium
Van, Est Jeroen. "Développement d'une sonde acoustique en champ proche et de l'instrumentation associée." Montpellier 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000MON20077.
Full textTriger, Chrystelle. "Utilisation des photopolymères pour les nanotechnologies. Nanofabrication en champ proche optique." Mulhouse, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001MULH0658.
Full textBouchelouk, Lakhdar. "Conception et validation de sondes pour les mesures en champ proche." Paris 11, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA112188.
Full textNowadays, technological progress allows to develop circuits with higher speed and smaller size. However, these improvements have also increased the problems of electromagnetic interferences (EMI) which are difficult to diagnose with conventional measurement systems. Accordingly, the IRSEEM has developed a test bench which allow to measure the electromagnetic field in the close vicinity of devices by using small probes and thus makes it possible to understand the various electromagnetic phenomena inherent to circuits operation. The aim of this work is to design probes which accurately reproduce the electromagnetic behaviour of circuits under test. Two types of probes were developed: the electric probes mainly made up of small electric dipoles are used to measure tangential components of the electric field. The monopole probe is better adapted for measuring the normal component of the electric field. The probes made up of small magnetic loops allow to measure the various components of the magnetic field. The performances of these wire and planar probes are studied according to their geometrical parameters. Parallel to measurements, simulations carried out by using various numerical techniques allow the validation of the various probes models. A confrontation between simulations and measurements results shows that small probes are qualitatively best adapted
Ghilane, Jalal. "Modification cathodique du platine : suivi par microscopie à champ proche " SPM "." Rennes 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005REN1S073.
Full textCarminati, Rémi. "Analyse de la formation des images en optique de champ proche." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ECAP0472.
Full textBarras, Guillaume. "Interaction fluide-structure : application aux explosions sous-marines en champ proche." Thesis, Lille 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LIL10003/document.
Full textIn military shipbuilding, ships are designed to withstand conventional threats such as mines or torpedoes. These designs are based on calculations of structural response to underwater explosions in far field, what is relatively well controlled today. The thematic of underwater explosions has indeed benefited from extensive research since the Second World War. This has resulted in robust numerical methods to simulate the main phenomena that characterize such events. These methods used in engineering are based on assumptions that limit their scope. These restrictions are discriminatory when we attempt to simulate underwater explosions in near field which are mainly nonlinear phenomena. In this context, the Multi-Material Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian method with Euler-Lagrange coupling is chosen to simulate these problems. To make the method more easily applicable in engineering, its adaptation is based on two points. (1) Firstly the method is developed for two-dimensional cases in order to solve 2D axisymmetric problems with higher speed and accuracy compared to 3D simulations. (2) Then the projection of results from two-dimensional analysis on 2D or 3D grids is implemented. The projection from one grid to the other allows solving the whole problem through successive phases for physics on very different time scales and space scales, what necessitates adapted meshes. The developments are implemented in LS-DYNA code for the revised version 5.1.1 and validated for the different phases of the problem from theoretical and experimental results