Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Champ, Théorie du (Psychologie sociale)'
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Cukier, Alexis. "Pouvoir et empathie : philosophie sociale, psychologie et théorie politique." Thesis, Paris 10, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA100148/document.
Full textThis study questions the categories of alienation and reification, and the concepts of power and empathy, in order to ground the criticism of contemporary capitalist institutions of labor and the State. In our view, alienation results from instrumentalizing empathy and cooperation; which is, itself, an effect of reification processes. Such processes occur within specific forms of institutional organization (especially management, bureaucracy, and finance) which impede or disenable the democratic exercise of power. We survey the psycho-sociological concepts underlying such an interpretation of these critical categories, and point out that empathy – the antepredicative understanding of the affects, intentions and actions of other individuals – constitutes the ground of cooperation and the object of power. Power itself determines the mechanisms and conducts the practical uses of empathy, thereby controlling, either in an alienating or in a democratic way, the cooperation of individuals. This theory of the social control of empathy enables the criticism of specific psycho-social negative experiences that are connected with the « corporateness » of capitaliste social relations, but also enables social philosophy to promote the possible participation of all individuals against the activity of reorganizing and controlling the institutional forms of their cooperation. Our study finally attempts to combine the contributions of marxism and pragmatism to social philosophy, in order to ground the criticism of alienation and reification on a psychologically consistent theory of the social control and the democratic exercise of power
Derghal, Mohamed. "Emprise inspiratrice et structure d'action : etude de psychologie sociale théorique et expérimentale." Université Paris VII, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985STR10003.
Full textMignon, Astrid. "Théorie de la valeur et connaissance évaluative dans la situation de première impression." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001CLF20004.
Full textMouakhar, Klouz Dania. "La motivation du cadeau à soi : exploration par la théorie de l’orientation régulatrice individuelle." Paris 9, 2009. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2009PA090062.
Full textThe goal of our research is to offer a new approach of the self-gift act by extending the application of self-regulatory theory in consumer research. More specifically, this research identifies, on one hand, the impact of causal attributions (internal attribution/external attribution) for achievement outcomes (success vs. Failure) on consumers’ self-gift behaviour according to chronic regulatory focus (promotion/prevention) and on the other hand determine whether the situational framing (gain/non gain; loss/non loss) enhances self-gift motivation. A literature review on attributions and researches in self-regulation led us to propose a framework on self-gift motivation. To achieve this, the measurement tool of regulatory focus has been translated and validated in a French context and two experiments had been realised. The results confirmed the role of the chronic regulatory focus in success (internal attribution/external attribution) and failure (internal attribution/external attribution) situations, on the intention to purchase self-gifts and the budget allocated. We also disclosed the existence of direct impact and congruence as well, between the situational framing and the chronic regulatory focus in self-gift giving
Mercier, Hugo. "La théorie argumentative du raisonnement." Phd thesis, Ecole pratique des hautes études - EPHE PARIS, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00396731.
Full textDuclos, Harmony. "Théorie de l'esprit et connaissances sociales dans la maladie d'Alzheimer et la démence sémantique." Thesis, Normandie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NORMC031.
Full textSocial cognition refers to a set of processes working interactively that allows to behave appropriately in the social world. Theory of mind (TOM) is considered to be the central element of social cognition, but the links between its different processes are still poorly understood. TOM’s abilities are used daily through interpersonal relationships, but the effect of the context on TOM remains poorly explored. The main aim of this thesis was to study both TOM and social knowledge, as well as the links between them. Our results highlight how the ability to attribute mental states is modulated by the context and more specifically by the integrity of social knowledge in Alzheimer's disease and semantic dementia. Patients’ disorders may have a different origin depending on their brain lesions. Therefore, social cognition could be a useful element in the differential diagnosis for neurodegenerative diseases
Masala, Alberto. "Vers une naturalisation de la théorie de la vertu : prolégomènes à une psychologie positive de la vertu." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Sorbonne - Paris IV, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00431132.
Full textArdeven, François. "Insultes, cris et chuchotements dans le champ freudien." Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCC063.
Full textPsychoanalysis is first of all the invention of a new profession, and therefore a new dialogue with desire placed as an object. This profession consists in the analyst being taken for the Other, another, then to be abandoned, stripped and sometimes humiliated because life is always a thousand times more beautiful than the austere successive sessions. This leads to misunderstandings, being taken for the other. It's insulting like life can be. It summarizes the couch, there are cries that corne out of the silence and whispers sometimes whispers like those in Bergman, not addressed to the "friend in generations" (Ossip Mandelstam), but to another, that will be found in the scum of the world, past, present and future. The analytic session, with its own performativity, received this vocation, this vocalization which almost restored the short circuit, what an insult, to restore the order of the signifiers that psychosis, which is the answer before the question has reversed. The President Schreber's Luder is this poetic wrench, as Certeau says, the limit between nature and function, this vain hope that is a welling insult like lightning. What is being done by insulting the other if not a caption of strength and scowling back to its origin? The analysis unfolds the contrary, with culture, next to to the necessary politics, this existing drive towards the unknown, this opening against the abysmal myth which is this morbid search for your fixed origin ("your race! "). These twenty chapters are twenty round-tables of Freud, with Rabelais, Judith Butler and àthers examining what is the knowledge of the insult
Gauthier, Mathieu. "La philosophie sociale d'Axel Honneth. La théorie de la reconnaissance et l'analyse des pathologies sociales." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27493/27493.pdf.
Full textVillatte, Matthieu. "Apport de la Théorie des cadres relationnels à l'étude des troubles de la Théorie de l'esprit dans la schizophrénie et l'anhédonie sociale." Amiens, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AMIE0012.
Full textTheory of Mind refers to one’s ability to attribute mental states. Different models have been proposed in the field of cognitive psychology and neurosciences to explain how this ability operates. Relational Frame Theory (RFT), a new behavioural approach to language and cognition, has recently assumed that deictic relational responding lies at the core of perspective-taking skills, which underpin Theory of Mind. According to this view, these repertoires of relational responding are learned through social interactions. A substantial body of research has highlighted the Theory of Mind impairments of people with schizophrenia. Some of these studies suggest that this dysfunction is a result of a specific alteration in allocentric simulation, whereas egocentric simulation is preserved. Social anhedonia, which is characterized by social disinterest, is one of the main dimensions of schizotypy and schizophrenia. Due to the lack of social experience that is associated with social anhedonia, a high level on this dimension might be one of the causes of deficit in Theory of Mind in schizophrenia. The current research aims to examine RFT predictions, as well as the assumptions of an impaired Theory of Mind in social anhedonia and of a specific alteration in adopting another’s point of view. Four experimental tasks (one Theory of Mind task, two deictic relational responding tasks and one visual perspective-taking task) were used with 30 participants with a high level of social anhedonia, 15 patients with schizophrenia, and control participants. The results show poorer performance of participants with a high level of social anhedonia in comparison with control participants on the Theory of Mind task and on the higher levels of relational complexity in the relational responding tasks. Poorer performance appears also on the visual perspective-taking task when it is required to change perspective. In the group of patients with schizophrenia, the difference with the control group is more important on the four tasks. Several elements support the hypothesis of a specific deficit in taking another’s point of view in social anhedonia, but not in schizophrenia. A correlation appears between performances on the two deictic relational responding tasks and the Theory of Mind task. The findings of the research support RFT view by showing that two populations impaired in the ability to attribute mental states present also a deficit in responding in accordance with deictic frames. The alteration in visual perspective-taking suggests that these difficulties are not limited to the attribution of mental states, but concern a general capacity to change perspective. Finally, social anhedonia might play a key-role in the development of Theory of Mind impairments and, more specifically, of the ability to attribute a mental state to another in people with schizophrenia
Nioche, Claire. "Des folies singulières : universel, singulier, collectif dans la clinique psychanalytique et son rapport à la théorie." Paris 7, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA070064.
Full textThis work is based on the concepts of « singularity », « universal », « collective » as much as it is a subversion of them. Introducing the dimension of the subject of the unconscious, we question the very foundation of clinical approach: "what do we mean by talking"? "What do we mean by « clinical approach » ? After having set up a certain number of invariants in the nature of language: the network of signifiers, the place of the Other, the Name of the Father and object "a", so many items that are revealed in their pure form in the clinic of psychosis, we try to show how a singularity can emerge in a writing workshop and in psychoanalytic treatment. We isolate a number of structural entities in our practice, just as we emphasize the clinical validity of hallucinations
Munduteguy, Christophe. "Reconnaissance d'intention et prédiction d'action pour la gestion des interactions en environnement dynamique." Paris, CNAM, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001CNAM0382.
Full textThibaudeau, Élisabeth. "La théorie de l'esprit en schizophrénie : influence de la cognition non sociale, répercussions fonctionnelles et pistes d'intervention personnalisées." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/66999.
Full textFunctional impairments are common in people with schizophrenia and can lead to difficulty recovering from the illness. One of the best predictors of functioning in schizophrenia is theory of mind (ToM), the ability to infer the mental states of others. ToM is thus an important treatment target to improve recovery in people with schizophrenia. However, there are several challenges to the assessment and the treatment of ToM deficits in schizophrenia, including psychometric limitations of ToM tasks as well as the lack of data regarding the contribution of non-social cognitive processes for ToM. Further, despite the functional burden of ToM deficits in schizophrenia, the impact of these deficits in each domain of functioning remains to be explored in order to develop personalized interventions. This thesis aims to determine the influence of non-social cognition on ToM in people with schizophrenia, to explore the functional impact of ToM deficits, and to provide avenues to personalized intervention for this complex process. These objectives were achieved through four studies. The first study aims to assess the reliability of a ToM task, the Combined Stories Test, in healthy participants. This study revealed good test-retest reliability, an absence of practice effect as well as an excellent inter-rater reliability. These results suggest that the Combined Stories Test can be used to assess ToM in the context of a treatment for ToM such as cognitive remediation therapy. The second study aims to assess the effect of a personalized cognitive remediation therapy program that targets non-social cognition and metacognition on ToM in people with schizophrenia. The results of this multiple case study revealed that it was possible to produce sustained and significant improvements in ToM in our participants with schizophrenia. These improvements were supported by a personalized approach that targeted the non-social cognitive and metacognitive deficits of each patient. The results of this study are in line with the hypothesis that non-social cognition is necessary, but not sufficient for ToM. A better understanding of the associations between ToM and the different non-social cognitive domains was, however, necessary to determine if certain non-social cognitive domains were more relevant for ToM than the others. The third study is a meta-analysis that aimed to determine and compare the magnitude of the associations between ToM and the different non-social cognitive domains in schizophrenia. This study showed that each non-social cognitive domain is moderately associated with ToM, with no domain being more strongly associated with ToM than the others. This meta-analysis also showed that different characteristics of the ToM tasks have a significant effect on the magnitude of the associations between ToM and non-social cognition. The last study is a meta-analysis that aimed to determine and compare the magnitude of the associations between ToM and the different domains of functioning in schizophrenia, but also ToM's relationships with the two types of functioning measures, i.e. measures of community functioning and performance-based tasks. This study showed a moderate association between ToM and each domain of functioning. For measures targeting community functioning, the results revealed a stronger association to productive activities, compared to social functioning. Further, the results revealed that ToM is more strongly related to performance-based tasks compared to measures targeting community functioning. This thesis allows a better understanding of the links between non-social cognition and ToM in people with schizophrenia, to explore the functional associations of ToM, and to offer personalized intervention avenues in cognitive remediation for this complex function. While this thesis provides relevant information for the assessment and treatment of ToM deficits in schizophrenia, it also includes an integrative proposal illustrating the cognitive, psychological and social pathways to functioning, providing a global understanding of the determinants and impacts of ToM deficits in schizophrenia in order to promote a multidimensional and personalized approach for this illness.
Thibaudeau, Élisabeth. "La théorie de l’esprit en schizophrénie : influence de la cognition non sociale, répercussions fonctionnelles et pistes d’intervention personnalisées." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/66999.
Full textFunctional impairments are common in people with schizophrenia and can lead to difficulty recovering from the illness. One of the best predictors of functioning in schizophrenia is theory of mind (ToM), the ability to infer the mental states of others. ToM is thus an important treatment target to improve recovery in people with schizophrenia. However, there are several challenges to the assessment and the treatment of ToM deficits in schizophrenia, including psychometric limitations of ToM tasks as well as the lack of data regarding the contribution of non-social cognitive processes for ToM. Further, despite the functional burden of ToM deficits in schizophrenia, the impact of these deficits in each domain of functioning remains to be explored in order to develop personalized interventions. This thesis aims to determine the influence of non-social cognition on ToM in people with schizophrenia, to explore the functional impact of ToM deficits, and to provide avenues to personalized intervention for this complex process. These objectives were achieved through four studies. The first study aims to assess the reliability of a ToM task, the Combined Stories Test, in healthy participants. This study revealed good test-retest reliability, an absence of practice effect as well as an excellent inter-rater reliability. These results suggest that the Combined Stories Test can be used to assess ToM in the context of a treatment for ToM such as cognitive remediation therapy. The second study aims to assess the effect of a personalized cognitive remediation therapy program that targets non-social cognition and metacognition on ToM in people with schizophrenia. The results of this multiple case study revealed that it was possible to produce sustained and significant improvements in ToM in our participants with schizophrenia. These improvements were supported by a personalized approach that targeted the non-social cognitive and metacognitive deficits of each patient. The results of this study are in line with the hypothesis that non-social cognition is necessary, but not sufficient for ToM. A better understanding of the associations between ToM and the different non-social cognitive domains was, however, necessary to determine if certain non-social cognitive domains were more relevant for ToM than the others. v The third study is a meta-analysis that aimed to determine and compare the magnitude of the associations between ToM and the different non-social cognitive domains in schizophrenia. This study showed that each non-social cognitive domain is moderately associated with ToM, with no domain being more strongly associated with ToM than the others. This meta-analysis also showed that different characteristics of the ToM tasks have a significant effect on the magnitude of the associations between ToM and non-social cognition. The last study is a meta-analysis that aimed to determine and compare the magnitude of the associations between ToM and the different domains of functioning in schizophrenia, but also ToM’s relationships with the two types of functioning measures, i.e. measures of community functioning and performance-based tasks. This study showed a moderate association between ToM and each domain of functioning. For measures targeting community functioning, the results revealed a stronger association to productive activities, compared to social functioning. Further, the results revealed that ToM is more strongly related to performance-based tasks compared to measures targeting community functioning. This thesis allows a better understanding of the links between non-social cognition and ToM in people with schizophrenia, to explore the functional associations of ToM, and to offer personalized intervention avenues in cognitive remediation for this complex function. While this thesis provides relevant information for the assessment and treatment of ToM deficits in schizophrenia, it also includes an integrative proposal illustrating the cognitive, psychological and social pathways to functioning, providing a global understanding of the determinants and impacts of ToM deficits in schizophrenia in order to promote a multidimensional and personalized approach for this illness.
El, Moussaoui Hicham. "De la coopération dans un dilemme social : vers une théorie du choix rationnel des préférences : cas du jeu de bien public." Aix-Marseille 3, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AIX32001.
Full textIn the standard theory of cooperation, only the interpersonal conflict of preferences was studied. In our thesis we integrate the intrapersonal conflict of preferences the resolution of which involved the choice of the order of preferences to be satisfied. Thanks to the concept of choice of the preferences we formulate three propositions allowing to bring a new lighting on experimental evidence dealing with the voluntary contribution to public good. Firstly, in the prospect of the choice of preferences, the internal solution in public good games corresponds to a compromise of the preferences, while the heterogeneousness of contributions can be explained by the subjectivity of the allocation by the agents of the relative weights. Secondly, the framing effect and crowding out of voluntary contribution to the public good can be explained as the impact of framing over the choice of preferences, where from the interaction between incentives and preferences. Finally, the endogenous formation of groups and communities appear as social mechanism of insurance because they prevent the switching behavior of cooperative agents by reducing the probability of interaction with free riders
Devaine-Tholozan, Marie. "Mécanismes computationnels de la théorie de l'esprit." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066407.
Full textHuman beings have this surprising ability – coined Theory of Mind (ToM) – to reason about the mind of others and interpret their behaviour in terms of beliefs and desires. In this thesis, we focus on two critical aspects of ToM: (1) our ability to attribute recursive beliefs of the type “I think that you think that I think...” in the context of social interactions, (2) our ability to infer other people’s personal characteristics or preferences from observing their choices. This computational characterization of mechanisms at play in ToM provides new tools to address important questions such as: What is specific about learning in a context of social interactions? Are we optimal in our inference about others’ preferences or beliefs? Can we identify evolutionary constraints that may have shaped our current sophistication in ToM? Are these processes uniquely human? In which ways is ToM affected in disorders involving difficulties with social interactions? We investigated these questions combining computational modelling and behavioural experiments. The results of our studies offer significant advances in the description of the computational mechanisms underlying social cognition in humans and in non-human primates. Moreover, applying our paradigms to people from the autistic spectrum disorder allowed us to characterize what makes social cognition in autism so different
Cléry, Matthias. "La théorie des probabilités et l'Institut Henri Poincaré (1918-1939) : construction d'un champ probabiliste parisien et pratique d'un transfert culturel." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASK003.
Full textThe mathematics of randomness experienced tremendous changes throughout the interwar period (1918-1939), especially in Paris where the Institut Henri Poincaré (IHP) opened in 1928 and soon became an international scene for probability. Using a cross-approach, we analyse the social processes at work within the Faculty of Science of Paris and the Academy of Science playing a part in the strengthening of probability as a mathematical discipline and supporting research in this field. We highlight the strategies used by a small group of mathematicians in order to build an institutionnal framework for the probabilistic developement both locally and internationally. We particularly analyse the practice of cultural transfer fueling the probabilistic research in Paris
Merand, Séverine. "La théorie de la segmentation perceptuelle hiérarchique : le rôle des dimensions perceptuelles et des relations de similarité et de différenciation dans la segmentation attentionnelle du champ visuel." Paris 8, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA082565.
Full textThe HPS theory we propose joins in an unique frame contributions from analytic and synthetic theories of attentional segmentation. The main hypothesis proposed in HPS is based on a different levels processing of segmentation. The structure of the units on which attentional selection is realized depends both on the nature of the segmented dimensions and the perceptual organization present at each level of segmentation. This hypothesis was tested by using two tasks : a task of immediate memorization of visuals objects and an oddity search task. Similarity and differenciation between the objects were systematically controled by using a Galois lattice based formalism. As expected, results showed that the structure of segmentation units is provided by an interaction between the segmented dimensions and the actual perceptual organization. These results first confirm the hierarchical nature of segmentation processing and second they challenge the classical definition of the preattentive stage
Zouhri, Bouchra. "Représentation et identité sociale : Études empiriques du rôle du noyau central dans la construction et la protection de l’identité sociale." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM3026.
Full textThis thesis refers to the existing links between the social representation (SR) theory and the social identity (TSI) theory. Little research work has highlighted the contribution between these two theories and showed the reciprocal provisions of these two and constituting theoretical fields of social psychology. This thesis consist in supporting a correlation between the role of self-defining processes in the building of SR on one hand, and the importance of SR on the dynamics of the group and of the intergroup relations on the other hand. In this frame the purpose is to test the hypothesis that the central elements of a social representation are constituting of the social identity of the members of the group. Doise (1999) defines identity as a principle which manages intergroup relations and therefore uses the vector of SR.However,the structural approach puts down that social representations work as social cognitive structures regulated by the complementarity of two systems: central and peripheral cognitions.The individuals have a full knowledge to belong to a definite social group with a framework of reference,common representations. Thus,through the theory of TSI and through the various socio-cognitive processes related,this research is to handle in experiments of the various processes constitutive of the group identity through the prism of SR.In the effect of handling the central elements in the case, in particular,of the process of social comparison, the social norms as well as the black sheep effect. According to any logic resulting from the central core theory, the handling of central elements of a SR should not unbalance the identity of the group
Os trabalhos apresentado desta tese se interessam às relações existentes entre a teoria das representações sociais (RS) e a da identidade social (TIS). Apesar da abundante literatura sobre a teoria das representações sociais e sobre a da identidade social, poucas pesquisas realçam as relações, bem como as contribuições recíprocas destes dois campos teóricos constitutivos da psicologia social. Os objectivos científicos desta tese suportam a interação entre, por um lado, o papel dos processos identitários na construção das representações sociais, e por outro, a importância das representações sociais na dinâmica do grupo e nas relações intergrupais. Neste sentido, através de diferentes experimentos, propomos testar a hipótese de que os elementos centrais de uma representação social são constitutivos da identidade social dos membros de um grupo. Doise (1999) define a identidade como um princípio gerador das relações intergrupais e que, para isto, utiliza o vector das representações sociais. A abordagem estrutural, por sua vez, propõe que as representações sociais funcionam como estruturas cognitivas reguladas pela complementaridade de dois sistemas: o das cognições centrais (caracterizado por seus aspectos consensuais que asseguram a perenidade da RS) e as cognições periféricas (submetidas às variações interindividuais). Os indivíduos têm plena consciência de pertencer à um grupo social definido, com um quadro de referência e representações comuns. Desta forma, a partir da teoria da identidade social (TIS) e dos diferentes processos sociocognitivos à ela relacionados, propomos manipular experimentalmente os diferentes processos constitutivos da identidade de um grupo partindo do prisma das representações sociais. Ou seja, nos interessamos aos efeitos da manipulação dos elementos centrais sobre, nomeadamente, os processos de comparação social, as normas sociais, e o efeito ovelha negra. De acordo com a lógica da teoria do núcleo central, a manipulação dos elementos centrais de uma representação não deveria desequilibrar a identidade grupal
Ravat, Jérôme. "Philosophie empirique des désaccords moraux. Une théorie de l'imaginaire polémique." Thesis, Paris 4, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA040122.
Full textThe aim of this study is to develop a theory in order to describe, explain, and regulate moral disagreements. Ours is an empirical approach to moral disagreement, based mainly on empirical data provided by social and moral psychology.The morphology of moral disagreement (part 1) reveals that it is drawn from polemical imagination, which consists of three key elements: analogy, metaphor, and symbol. Such hybridization gives birth to symbolic networks, organizing the relationship between the moral opponents.The genealogy of moral disagreement (part 2) aims to determine the sources of these symbolic networks. We will analyse the psychological, anthropological, and socio-historical processes underlying the moral disagreements. The key role of family – as matrix, model and object of disagreement – will be emphasized.The polemology of moral disagreement (part 3) attempts to reorganize the symbolic networks through a pragmatic and normative approach. We will analyse the procedures in view of a regulation including the transformation of polemical imagination into consensual imagination.Thus, moral disagreement must be reasserted, before any attempt to rehumanising the moral field.Key-words: moral disagreement, moral philosophy, social psychology, moral psychology, imagination, analogy, metaphor, symbol, family
Pasquier, Hélène Marie Louise. "Définir l'acceptabilité sociale dans les modèles d'usage : vers l'introduction de la valeur sociale dans la prédiction du comportement d'utilisation." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012REN20058/document.
Full textThe issue of this dissertation is to propose a psychosocial paradigm for the study of usage processes based on the concept of social acceptability, defined as the “value individuals attribute to objects and/or users depending on their social relationship” (Lefeuvre et al., 2008, p.101).This psychosocial paradigm finds its roots between sociological and ergonomic points of view, and is focused on the concept of social variables from acceptability models (from the HMI and MIS fields and TRA-TPB). We have established that social variables are initially neglected in usage models, nevertheless three possible evolution trajectories appear in existingmodels. This dissertation aims to enhance a usage prediction model based on the concept of social acceptability. Two hypotheses were tested. In this research, the first hypothesis states that when behaviour value is considered, social variables are a core determinant of behaviour prediction (Conner et Armitage, 1998 ; Rivis, Sheeran et Armitage, 2009 ; Manning, 2009), and the second hypothesis states that differences exist between the effects of social variables when the value of behaviour is considered. In order to empirically test these hypotheses, we operationnalized behaviour value in two ways. In studies 1 & 2, behaviour value was operationalized through behaviour valorization and tested in the transportation field. In studies 3 to 5, behaviour value was operationalized by the level of behaviour sociality and tested in the green mobility domain. Main results validate the relevance of a social acceptability oriented approach for the understanding of usage processes. Furthermore, results underline that social variables have a higher predictive power for valuable behaviours compared to less valuable behaviours
Lung, Tzyy-Jiun. "Les conceptions représentationnelle et présentationnelle de la connaissance et de la mémoire à l'épreuve des langues et des tâches : Traitement et rappel de matériels figuratifs par des Chinois et des Français." Montpellier 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MON30027.
Full textRasteiro, dos Santos Andreia Alexandra. "More is not always better : atypical social cognition in (hypersociable) individuals with Williams syndrome." Toulouse 3, 2008. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/4317/.
Full textWilliams syndrome (WS) is a genetically based neurodevelopmental disorder that holds the promise of uncovering the underlying mechanisms of atypical social behaviour. In recent years, great interest has been directed at the unique socio-behavioural phenotype, high sociability and empathy, found in individuals with WS, who eagerly, often impulsively, engage in social interaction, even with strangers. To date, the question of whether this hypersociability in WS actually goes along with intact social cognition remains, however, an enigma. This question, at the heart of the studies reported here, is of major interest as socio-cognitive skills are mandatory for one to behave socially in an adapted fashion. The current thesis brings together findings of a series of studies on social cognition in WS. These studies aimed at investigating whether three main ingredients of social cognition - the ability 1) to process faces, 2) to decode emotions, and 3) to attribute intentions and beliefs to others - follow the atypical pattern of social behaviour in WS. Findings of these studies converge to show dissociated abilities when processing human vs. Non-human faces (study 1), emotional vs. Non-emotional contextual cues (study 2), and verbal vs. Visual mental-state cues (study 3) in individuals with WS relative to typically developing controls. Taken together these findings provide evidence for atypical social cognition in WS and question its relationship with atypical social behaviour characterizing the disorder. In addition, these findings challenge the initial notion of an intact social module in WS and provide support to a neuroconstructiviste approach of developmental disorders. Finally, the current thesis considers the advances emerging from these studies, as well as its theoretical implications for understanding the journey from genes to cognition and behaviour
Rull, Marion. "La dimension sociale de la menace : effets ambivalents des contextes menaçants sur les attitudes intergroupes." Caen, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CAEN2043.
Full textTo identify the effects of threatening context (e. G. , climate change threat) on intergroup relations is important in our multicultural societies. To understand this social dimension of threat is also essential to position the special role of physical activities and sport, and the body involvement associated to educational and social integration policies. We argue that these threats active the security system that induces the research of affiliation toward groups providing a sense of security (and inversely). These groups are perceived warmer, which improves intentional behavior. Whereas individual context threats damage outgroup warmth, an outgroup who which shares the threat, even an uncontrollable threat, is a source of social support, and therefore security and perceived as warmer. Our nine studies support this process via artificial and natural induction of shared threats in which classic processes associated to superordinate goal and common fate are controlled. The expected results are observed on attitudinal and behavioral measures concerning various intergroup relations (e. G. , ethnics, special classes). The moderation of these effects by the shared threat and by the threatening nature of outgroup, and the mediation of these effects by intergroup connectedness supports the proposed process. This work also shows the importance of the emotions induced by context in intergroup relations whereas theories are mainly focused on the role of intergroup emotions
Le, Floch Valérie. "Un critère d'évaluation des explications causales : la plausibilité." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999CLF20001.
Full textIf we want to find a criterion for judging the value of an everyday explanation which simultaneously takes account of the subject's knowledge of the world, the necessities of the speech situation and the compatibility of this speech with what is considered to be generally socially acceptable, then such a criterion cannot be reduced to the concept of exactitude, correction, pragmatic relevance or social acceptability since these three value registers all have to be integrated into the explanation. In contrast, the criterion of plausibility, which makes it possible to differentiate between linguistic productions on the basis of their utility in the general functioning of the language, seems to be a relevant criterion. The results of the first three studies presented show that: 1) subjects are able to judge and establish a hierarchy of explanations as a function of their level of plausibility; 2) the more plausible a sentence is, the faster subjects are in judging its plausibility; 3) the more plausible an explanation is, the better able subjects are to reproduce the original event which had to be explained. Moreover, if we accept the idea that general usage of the language requires us to satisfy norms that relate to the entire language community and which are tied up with questions of social utility, then explanations which are characterised by their social utility - i. E. Internal explanations - should be processed more spontaneously than external explanations. The results of study 4 then go on to show that the plausibility of sentences which involve an internal explanation is judged more quickly than that of sentences which involve an external explanation
Jean, Charles Vladimir. "Profils identitaires et prises de position sur la sexualité d'adolescent(e)s pentecôtistes et catholiques pratiquant(e)s de Port-au-Prince (Haïti) : analyse d'un champ représentationnel en fonction des modes d'insertion sociale." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29581/29581.pdf.
Full textIn the present context of STD (Sexually Transmitted Diseases) such as HIV/AIDS and blood-borne viruses- STI/HIV/BBV) in Haiti, to understand how young Christians are seizing recommendations promoted by the media, 96 teenagers aged 16 to 19 who defined themselves as devout believers (48 Catholic and 48 Pentecostal, 24 boys and 24 girls in each group) were recruited in five schools of the Port-au-Prince metropolitan area. Specifically, this study was designed to examine the representational field of sexuality of those teenagers according to their religious allegiance, socio-economic status, gender, age. This study aimed to examine the place of the identity profile in this representational field, to analyse the strategies used to deal with the sometimes opposing messages on prevention coming from medical experts and ecclesial leaders as well as the role of significant others in this dynamic. A multi-method approach was used, combining an identify profile measure of the participants ; an association test (with four inductor words) to explore the representational field of sexuality; and semi-structured interviews (n = 11) using problematic issues to attain a deeper comprehension. Globally, the analysis of the answers obtained reveals that a majority of participants are in a first stage of transition in their identity development characterized by a tendency to act according to environmental influences. The results also show differences in the anchoring dynamics of sexuality at various levels. Teenagers from underprivileged backgrounds tend to focus on concrete elements to adress sexuality (e.g., genital organs, syphilis, the symptoms of AIDS: fever, diarrhoea) while teenagers from privileged backgrounds focus more on emotional and symbolic elements (e.g., honor, mutual confidence, stigmatization). On the issues of abstinence and virginity, the boys’ views are more liberal, assigning value to sexual experience, while girls are more or less reserved concerning virginity and tend to emphasize its market value. Religious allegiance (Catholic vs Pentecostal) points out a consensual vision of sexuality, except again for issues on virginity. As for the age variable, due to its restricted range, it does not play a determining role in our results. The analysis of the representational field according to the identity profile reached by the majority of the participants reveals a greater interest for the exploration of sexuality than for commitment to ethical principles, all this expressed through pragmatic strategies and a « logic of immediacy ». Some rare participants at a more elaborated level of development show a more integrated vision of sexuality, based on a system of values solidly grounded. On the whole, identities strategies seem to vary according to contextual issues, level of identity development and, indirectly, openness of significant others to discussion with the adolescent.
Croteau-Bouffard, Marie-Hélène. "La progression de l'explication dans l'investigation collective d'une problématique sociale à l'écrit par des élèves du secondaire." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/25035/25035.pdf.
Full textPrades, Jean-Luc. "Les fondements méthodologiques de l'intervention institutionnelle en France : Étude comparée de sociologie clinique." Nice, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000NICE2021.
Full textBierla, Ingrid. "Équité et envie dans les interactions stratégiques : une étude expérimentale du jeu d'ultimatum." Lille 1, 2004. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2004/50374-2004-9.pdf.
Full textL'originalité du protocole adopté a conduit à établir une classification des joueurs selon leur hypothèse de comportement : envieux, équitable ou tout simplement conforme à l'hypothèse de l'homo oeconomicus mu par son seul gain. Ainsi, si plus de la moitié des individus jouent en se comparant à leur adversaire, il s'avère que plus des trois quarts d'entre eux sont des envieux, ce qui donne peu d'écho à l'argument d'équité. La solidité de ce classement a été confrontée dans un premier temps aux dires des joueurs, interrogés après l'expérience mais également, dans un deuxième temps, aux résultats d'un test psychologique qui nous a permis de relier des traits de la personnalité d'un individu à son profil Le dejoueur
Tousignant, Béatrice. "La cognition sociale à l'adolescenceh[ressource électronique] : aspects comportementaux, cliniques et cérébraux." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28278.
Full textSocial cognition refers to a set of cognitive functions specialized in the processing of social stimuli, allowing us to interact adequately with others. Adolescence is a developmental stage in which these cognitive functions are particularly solicited, as social relationships increase in importance and complexity. It is also a time when hormonal and brain changes are very likely to modulate cognitive functioning. However, very little is known about the ability to decode and interpret social information at this age, and even less about how brain damage can alter these functions. Thus, the main objective of this thesis was to better understand the functioning of social cognition in adolescence by examining it from various angles. Using neuropsychological measures, the first study was able to demonstrate a lower capacity to recognize emotional facial expressions in adolescents compared to adults, but a similar ability to put oneself in the perspective of a character and infer various mental states. Paradoxically, a self-reported empathy questionnaire revealed a lower tendency to take the perspective of others in adolescents, overall suggesting a possible distinction between the ability to put oneself in the place of others when measured directly and the propensity to do so in real life. The second study then demonstrated that a moderate or severe traumatic brain injury sustained during adolescence further alters this tendency to take the perspective of others in everyday life, as reported in the empathy questionnaire. The third study therefore used an experimental paradigm that is closer to real-life social interactions and examined, through functional neuroimaging, the empathic response of adolescents and adults towards social exclusion. The results showed that in such a context, adolescents are less likely to take the perspective of others, to feel their distress, and to act prosocially. The data of this thesis can thus be integrated into a detailed picture of social cognition in adolescence by specifying the functions that appear developed, those that are not fully developed, and those that are most likely to be compromised by a brain injury. Beyond these findings, the thesis has also highlighted a lower tendency to use these cognitive resources in a context where other peers are present. Ultimately, the results emphasize the importance of intervening on social cognition at this age, both in adolescents with normal development and those whose development can be compromised by brain damage.
Beffara, Brice. "Variabilité cardiaque de haute fréquence et comportements prosociaux : Approche causale de la théorie polyvagale." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAS020/document.
Full textThe polyvagal theory (Porges, 2007) proposes physiological flexibility as thecorrelate of socio-emotional skills. This physiological flexibility is partially determined by heart-brain interactions measurable by heart rate variability of high frequency (HF-HRV). According to this theory, higher HF-HRV should be associated with better perception of emotions and more prosocial behaviors. If more and more data tend to support this proposal, no experiment allowed to accurately test these hypotheses. We therefore carried-out a set of studies in order to test them. In a first study, we tested the link between HF-HRV and prosocial behavior measured by the level of cooperation. HF-HRV level predicted the level of cooperation but in a specific context. Our second study was designed to test the link between HF-HRV and perception of emotions. Here, the HF-HRV level did not predict better performance in recognition ofemotions. We then wanted to test a possible causal link existing between HF-HRV and prosociality. For this we performed an experiment (Study 3) to manipulate HF-HRV by biofeedback. Biofeedback increased HF-HRV levels but only in low baseline individuals. Study 4 tested whether manipulating HF-HRV by biofeedback could modulate the behavior of cooperation. We did not replicate our findings about the effectiveness of biofeedback and therefore did not observe any effect on cooperation. The fifth and final study allowed to test whether manipulating prosociality modulated the level of HF-HRV. We did not observe any effect of our experimental manipulation on HF-HRV. In conclusion, the prediction made by the polyvagal theory about the link between HF-HRV and prosocial behaviors is corroborated by empirical data but data does not support the link between the perception of emotions and HF-HRV. Short-term experimental manipulations did not reveal any causal relationship between HF-HRV and prosocial behaviors
Wilpert, Marie-Dominique. "L'objet maternel dans le champ des institutions de la petite enfance : une lutte de représentations autour de la place de la mère." Thesis, Paris 10, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA100190/document.
Full textThe aim of this research is to bring to light a struggle of representations concerning the place of the mother in the infancy professional sector. The first representation stands for a completely devoted mother, who then assumes the exclusive responsibility for her baby. The second representation figures both a hard-worker-citizen mother who shares her educational responsibility with the father and a social third party. The author pays particular attention to display this struggle as not being only present among professionals but also filling, between the lines, some speeches legitimated in the sector as a “knowledge”. As well as it underlies health centers plans of action for families in trouble. Nowadays, the second representation seems coherent with the social reality of work and with a democratic project, speaking in terms of sexual equality, of qualitative care of youngsters in our society and fight against social disparities. Nonetheless, it can’t be said today that this representation gained a real political legitimity nor theorical references which could hang enough together the two elements at stake: democratic equality between men and women as citizens and psychic health of the infants and their family. The author aims at going beyond some theorical and ideological theories in order to build up a political theory of infant education that could contribute to contest the legitimity of a social order which considers the female citizen as sole responsible for infants. Moreover, this insidious assignment reinforces, depending on social origin, some flagrant disparities in the way of parenting and exercising their citizenship
Le, Goff Silvin. "Parcours et pensée d'un intellectuel français de la première moitié du 20ème siècle : Ernest Seillière (1866-1955) : l'incarnation nouvelle de la figure du médiateur dans le champ intellectuel." Thesis, Paris 10, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA100046.
Full textFrench thinker Ernest Seillière de Laborde (1866-1955) pursued a long career from the affaire Dreyfus (his first notable study dealing with Ferdinand Lassalle, rewarded by the prix Marcellin-Guérin of the Académie française, was published in 1897) to the end of the World War II (he entered the Académie française in 1946). The polytechnicien dedicated his entire life in developping a doctrine, claiming that an authentic member of the elite had to lead the whole civilization on the path to progress. His philosophy of Imperialism, based upon an organicist outlook of society and a constraining approach of religion, imbued with Darwinism, Nietzscheanism and Gobinism, and affected by a growing interest for psychological sciences and a number of contemporary german thinking movements, aimed to enable a decaying bourgeoisie to respond efficiently to the issu of the political rise and social demand of the masses. At first, Romanticism was seen by Seillière as a degeneration factor. But it was soon considered by the thinker as a provider of a great power that had to be controlled in an imperialistic utilitarian way. Drawing a comparison between a virile and dynamic Germanic Romanticism and a feminine and weakening French one, the Germanist promoted a rationalitic Socialism he and some of his commentators foresaw in the totalitarian regimes that emerged during the interwar period. He who described hisself as an historian-psychologist did not play the first part in the various intellectual debates of his time. However, the thought of this prolific writer was not ignored by his contemporaries, and raised interest within various thinkers obsessed with the idea of decline
Fliss, Rafika. "Cognition et Interactions Sociales dans la Maladie d'Alzheimer : Contributions cliniques à l'étude des processus d'adaptation à autrui chez les patients atteints de la Maladie d'Alzheimer." Phd thesis, Université d'Angers, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01021982.
Full textRaude, Jocelyn. "Les consommateurs français à l'épreuve de la crise de la «vache folle» : une approche sociologique et transdisciplinaire des comportements alimentaires face au risque." Paris, EHESS, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006EHES0045.
Full textThe mad cow crisis can be viewed as one of the most dramatic food crises of the recent history. In a context of reduction of the risks, this multidimensional crisis was often presented as an irrational phenomenon. The empirical data show nevertheless that this analysis is not acceptable. The crisis indeed affected only consumers' minority over relatively short periods. The question thus is to know on wich conditions and in what extent do the consumers modify their eating habits when they are exposed to a health risk ? Analysis of the data collected during the crises shows that the practices and the food representations previous to the crises - the culinary structures - are probably the best predictors of the observed changes. These empirical results allow us to explain - from individual to society - the variability
Puiseux, Charlotte. "Queerisation des handicaps : le militantisme crip en questions." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCC176.
Full textStarting from a socio-historical approach of the French constructed catagory "di-sabled"; followed on by a study of Queer Movements and Theories today, thinkers, philoso-phers, sociologists, and activists from various backgrounds have helped to develop this work. The premises of French Crip thaught are analysed through the links and certain disagree-ments between disability and it's inscription in Queer Theory. One of the most important goals of this thesis is to explain how disabled people take part in stigma reversal; as a reva-luing of abjection, formulated be Queer people who through back this insult, indicating their deviant sexuality. The Queer concepts of disidentification and performability can also help to rethink disability; by allowing the understanding of the possible fluctuations in disability iden-tity, including the aspects of social staging in disability. To conclude, the Foucauldian notion of the 'ideal regulator' taken up by Judith Butler allows an in depth study of able-bodiedness as socially constructed
Essono, Tsimi Eric. "Les processus psychosociaux à l'œuvre dans le développement de l'identité des écrivains migrants africains." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAL014.
Full textDoes African literature exist? The answer to this complex issue has been addressed in different ways. Along this research, focused on how African migrants writers negotiate and manage their muliple and often-conflicting roots in their writing worlds. In which way do they articulate different « voices » when they both live and write in countries such as France, Switzerland and the United States ? Alain Mabanckou and Leonora Miano's works for example provide contrasted narratives in terms of positionings. This dissertation goes along with the growing field of African Studies which emphasizes on identity dynamics, postcolonial and cultural matters in litterature. Drawing on a dialogical and sociocultural perspective in psychology, our findings will contribute to a better understanding of identity dynamics for people facing multiple cultural references in contexts shaped by issues of art, power, and history. This research, conducted within the framework of Bakhtin’s dialogical principle, addresses the issues of African migrant writers and their works. Its interdisciplinary approach merges literary research with social psychology. The methodology is based upon the interpretative paradigm, and consists of the literary analysis of selected works, the study of the literary fact of migritude, and an analysis of the extensive verbatim accounts recorded in Western countries.Based on a corpus of important works and of interviews with major writers, it analyzes the Dialogical Self of African migrant writers either as an “I arena” or as a “polyphonic narrative” (Bakhtine, [1987] Valsiner, 2000 ; Hermans and Kempen, 2010). The self of migrant writers is apprehended as a repertoire of “I” : I-positions that bring together an infinity of narrative voices. Each voice has a unique bond to the host country, a particular memory of origin, beliefs and poetics, personal convictions. Our results enrich the constant debates about both the existence of an African literature and the identity positions of writers of African origin living in the West. Our essential contribution is the design of a model which takes into consideration the stages of their identity construction. This work also contributes to the research on the relationship between their works and the experiences of authors, within their place of transit or establishment
Monteiro, de Barros Paula Cristina. ""Je tournais en rond dans la rue" : quel point d'ancrage pour le sujet adolescent en situation de rue ?" Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCC078.
Full textThe presence of "street kids" denounces the social exclusion of children and adolescents that wander the streets, in a trajectory that prevails transgression, violence, destructivity, through which the subject persists to exist for the Other. This thesis is a result of questionings from a clinical practice in an institution. This thesis envisions to analyze what could be related to an anchorage and enlacing in the wander of homeless adolescents, based on the traces that make them unique and detached from the universe of "street kids". We propose the hypothesis that the wander, regardless of the subjective degradation and the expulsion, could constitute a movement of life and resistance, an emergence of the subject. Based on the psychoanalytic Trace of the Case, this research was guided by two clinical cases, from what constituted an intervention's stumble and its effects in the listening process. Guided by the Freudian Aufhebung and the Lacanian borromean knot, we highlight a reality characterized by the fraying of time and space, a dilution of boundaries, a prevalence of the Real. The proposition of a borromean clinic places the institution as a symbolic reference; a substitute that functions, utilizing the word as a resource, as a repair to the lapses of the knot. This is about a construction that transgresses what is institutionalized about exclusion, knowledge, and established clinical practice. It aims, through an inventive act, a trajectory from the "wound of the exclusion" to the draft of a trace, through a symbolic nomination; a "between space" that promotes the knot and the social engagement; a source of anchorage for whom "used to go rolling through the street"
Sylvie, Laviolette. "Le processus de croissance spirituelle de leaders de développement de la conscience et de l'innovation sociale : une théorisation émergeant des propositions de Thérèse d'Avila, de Dürckheim et de Scharmer." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/10120.
Full textMetereau, Elise. "Comparaison en IRMf des réseaux cérébraux impliqués dans le traitement de récompenses et de punitions de différente nature au cours de l’apprentissage et de la prise de décision pro-sociale." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO20019.
Full textThere is a growing consensus in behavioral neuroscience and neuroeconomic that individuals make decisions by assigning values to different options and comparing them to make a choice. Most often, these values are acquired on the basis of trial and error learning. A long-held view is that the brain assigns values to the different goods using an abstract signal that is encoded in a common currency. Multiple studies have found evidence for such value signals in midbrain, striatum and prefrontal cortex during learning or decision making involving primary or secondary rewards. An important open question is whether aversive outcomes expectation and learning engage the same or different valuation networks. The goal of this thesis is thus to compare the brain network involved in appetitive and aversive stimuli valuation. First we used a pavlovian conditioning paradigm to compare the cerebral correlates of prediction error during learning with gustative, visual and monetary rewards and punishments. Second, we investigated the brain regions involved in moral and social rewards and punishments in prosocial decision making. Overall, we found that prediction error and valuation related to appetitive and aversive stimuli are processed in part by common brain networks
Besnard, Julien. "Le rôle des conventions dans la diffusion des innovations : synthèse épistémologique, intégration théorique et caractérisation dans le cas des programmes de télévision." Thesis, Paris 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA020019.
Full textThe theory of the diffusion of innovations has been built during the XXth century around qualitative and quantitative models which does not take into account, otherwise barely, the influence of values and norms on the genesis of innovations. From a research hypothesis, the “complex structure” thought by Edgar Morin and Jean-Pierre Dupuy and an epistemic synthesis, this thesis proposes an experimental measure scale of the Boltanski and Thevenot’s “worlds” and the implementation of sociological forms, “the conventions”, as variable of the innovation adoption in a structural equations model inspired from the Fishbein’s Theory of reasoned action. Built on the field of Tv programs, this model shows that the adoption of “reality TV programs” are linked with specific sociological influences. These sociological influences involve atypical behaviors of TV viewers in front of the screen. The model of the influence of the “conventions” on consumer behavior opens the way to a new classification of TV programs as well as an improved prevision of the success of new formats
Bernard, Pascal. "Communication des organisations caritatives - Processus socio-cognitifs dans la production et la réception. Approches qualitative et expérimentale : processus socio-cognitifs dans la production et la réception : approches qualitative et expérimentale." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM5903.
Full textCharities regularly solicit millions of individuals financially to carry through their actions on the field. Representing a major stake, these media communication campaigns aim at calling for donations in order to raise funds which enable them to keep up their actions and maintain an independence both financially and politically. However, in literature so far, no research has been carried out about the socio-cognitive processes involved in this type of communication.Structuring a double qualitative and experimental methodology and the help of a theoretical multidisciplinary context calling up the theoretical resources mainly from the psychosocial models of the reception, the persuasive communication and the binding communication, this dissertation targets a double objective, namely a better understanding of the production and of the reception processes involved in the binding communication of charity fundraising campaigns
Inoue, Sunami. "L'éducation à la vie (inochi) à l'école primaire au Japon : approche anthropologique au miroir du 21e siècle." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAG008/document.
Full textThis research focuses on the pedagogical practices of teachers relating to the development of self-respect, respect of others and the lives of primary students in Japan. “Life education” is linked to the social and educational contexts of the emergence of bullying, violence, refusal to go to school and suicide among children and young people, which are often associated with psychological problems such as low self-esteem, depressive tendency, insufficient relational and communication development. A survey was carried out among different adult educational actors at the primary school level in the city of Kyoto. Adopting an anthropological approach, life education was examined based on empirical data. The results show that by teaching life education, teachers fully participate in the cultural education and socialization of pupils, while at the same time educating them about cultural and social norms and values
Coulombe, Geneviève. "Sur les problèmes d'adultes : intégration du remords dans la prise de décision d'un agent économique." Mémoire, 2008. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/1297/1/M10403.pdf.
Full textVera, Estay Evelyn Christy. "Les relations entre le fonctionnement exécutif, la cognition sociale et l’adaptation sociale dans le développement typique et atypique." Thèse, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/18501.
Full textIt is recognized that the social development of children and youth is supported by improvements in their cognitive and social cognitive abilities, which are driven by everyday interpersonal experiences. This development provides a broader understanding of the social and cultural world, allowing individuals to become integrated members of society and autonomous and responsible citizens in early adulthood. Despite the validity of this overall picture, there is still much to be learned about the mutual influence between cognitive (e.g.,executive functions) and socio-cognitive abilities (e.g., theory of mind, moral reasoning, emotion recognition) during development, as well as their individual and additive impact on social behavior. Even less is known about these interactions in the context of atypical development, such as in youth with neurodevelopmental disorders. The main objective of this thesis is to explore the reciprocal associations between different components of executive functioning (EF) and social cognition in youth and their contribution to social adaptation. We also aimed to observe the potential effects of impaired development of these functions in a neurodevelopmental disorder, Tourette’s Syndrome (TS). This thesis is composed of three empirical articles pertaining to three studies that address these main objectives. The first two studies explore EF, social cognition and social interaction patterns among neurotypical children aged 6 to 12 years. The first study focuses on the interrelations between cognitive and social cognitive abilities, showing that moral reasoning (MR) maturity is positively associated with EF, emotion recognition and theory of mind. EF and social cognition contribute significantly to the MR maturity and play a mediating role in the relationship between age and MR. The second study, which focuses more on behavioral patterns in everyday life, shows that everyday EF plays a mediating role that partly explains the link between empathy and prosocial tendencies in children and completely explains the link with their aggressive tendencies. The third study shows for the first time that theory of mind skills are poorer among youth with TS, and they have reduced everyday EF and more emotional and behavioral difficulties, particularly in the social domain. This study also reveals links between the MR skills of youth with TS and their cognitive flexibility, verbal fluency, everyday EF, tic severity and social difficulties. Social difficulties in this group are largely explained by tic severity, EFand social cognition. Overall, the results of the studies presented in this thesis contribute to building a more comprehensive picture of the interrelationship between EF, social cognition and social adaptation during typical and atypical development. The findings offer new avenues for improving our clinical understanding of early social adjustment difficulties and provide an empirical basis for the development of social skills intervention programs.
Emond, Pelletier Julie. "Soutenir l'autodétermination des personnes présentant une déficience intellectuelle : contribution de la théorie de l'autodétermination." Thèse, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/16045.
Full textSince the 1980s, the development of self-determination has become a priority in the intellectual disability (ID) intervention domain. Socialization agents (e.g., educators, social workers, teachers, parents) have a crucial role in its promotion through the support they offer and the learning they promote. The way they communicate and the type of relationship they establish with the person with an ID influence its development. Yet, few studies have evaluated what are the best ways to communicate and interact in order to promote self-determination in people with an ID. Anchored in self-determination theory (SDT), the present thesis focuses on evaluating the effects of a specific type of support, autonomy support (AS, or self-determination support; a way to communicate and interact that supports the need for self-determination), on the self-determination and on the behavioral, motivational and emotional benefits of people with a mild intellectual disabilities (MID), in a learning context. Two papers will be presented in this thesis. The first study, theoretical in nature, aims at better understanding and clarifying this concept in the light of functional self-determination theory (fSDT) and self-determination theory (SDT). Interventions studies to promote self-determination in SDT and fSDT will also be presented. Secondly, SDT and fSDT will be compared and contrasted with one another in order to elucidate their differences, similarities and complementarities, both in theory and practice. Finally, AS studied within SDT, is proposed as a promising intervention, in addition to fSDTs’ interventions, to foster self-determination as well as behavioral, motivational and emotional benefits in this population. The second study aims at evaluating this specific proposal. Through an experimental study, we assessed whether AS can help satisfy the need for autonomy/self-determination in people with mild intellectual disabilities (MID) and facilitate the internalization of the task value, engagement in the task as well as decrease the degree of anxiety when participants are asked to learn a new problem-solving task, an important yet tedious activity. This study compared the effects of a task carried out with or without autonomy support (experimental and control condition, respectively). Participants (N = 51) of the study all had a MID and were recruited in a “Centre de réadaptation en déficience intellectuelle et troubles envahissants du développement” in the Montreal area, in Quebec (Canada). Results showed that compared to the control condition, autonomy support increased participants’ self-determination, internalization of the task value and engagement while it decreased their anxiety level. The meaning of these results as well as their potential implications for research and interventions are discussed.
Morissette, Benoît. "Identités en conflit : gouvernementalité, action collective et démocratie." Mémoire, 2008. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/2031/1/M10702.pdf.
Full textAllen, Marie-Pier. "Régulation de l'intimité au sein des relations conjugales : vers des stratégies plus optimales." Thèse, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/21154.
Full textLessard, Joannie. "Les relations mères-enfants lorsqu'un enfant enfreint une règle : étude de l'impact des stratégies visant à renforcer les règles et du climat interpersonnel." Thèse, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/12363.
Full textBureau, Julien S. "Le soutien parental à l’autonomie et l’honnêteté : le rôle médiateur de l’intériorisation de la valeur de l’honnêteté et de l’analyse coûts/bénéfices." Thèse, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/9969.
Full textHonest communication in parent-adolescent relationships is a precursor of adolescents’ healthy development (Stattin & Kerr, 2000). This study investigates how parents can foster their adolescents’ honest communication. In line with self-determination theory (Deci & Ryan, 2000), we postulated that the more parents are autonomy supportive, the more their adolescents would be honest with them. We also postulated that this relation would be mediated by two variables: adolescents’ integration of the honesty value and their perception of the costs/benefits of being honest with their parents. Results from Structural Equation Modeling with 174 parent-adolescent dyads showed that the more parents were autonomy supportive, the more adolescents integrated the value of honesty and the more they perceived high benefits and low costs in being honest with their parents. These variables, in turn, were positively related to adolescents’ honest communication behaviors. Parental valuation of honesty also predicted adolescents’ integration of the honesty value.