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Academic literature on the topic 'Champignon phytopathogène'
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Journal articles on the topic "Champignon phytopathogène"
Benslimane, Hamida. "Les Méthodes Moléculaires Pour La Caractérisation Des Champignons Phytopathogènes." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 12, no. 24 (August 30, 2016): 234. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2016.v12n24p234.
Full textLÉVIEUX, J., D. PIOU, and P. CASSIER. "Les charançons xylophages des résineux, vecteurs éventuels de champignons phytopathogènes." Revue Forestière Française, no. 4 (1994): 342. http://dx.doi.org/10.4267/2042/26553.
Full textRouxel, T. "Les phytoalexines et leur intervention dans la résistance hypersensible aux champignons phytopathogènes." Agronomie 9, no. 6 (1989): 529–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/agro:19890601.
Full textBernier, Louis. "Génomique des champignons ophiostomatoïdes : un gène, c’est bien; deux, c’est mieux; deux mille, c’est encore mieux!" Phytoprotection 85, no. 1 (August 27, 2004): 39–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/008905ar.
Full textGrandaubert, Jonathan, Marie-Hélène Balesdent, and Thierry Rouxel. "Incidence des Éléments Transposables sur l’évolution des génomes des champignons phytopathogènes et sur leur potentiel adaptatif." Biologie Aujourd'hui 207, no. 4 (2013): 277–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jbio/2013026.
Full textGagné, S., H. Antoun, and C. Richard. "Inhibition de champignons phytopathogènes par des bactéries isolées du sol et de la rhizosphère de légumineuses." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 31, no. 9 (September 1, 1985): 856–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m85-159.
Full textMouria, Btissam, Amina Ouazzani-Touhami, and Allal Douira. "Effet de diverses souches du Trichoderma sur la croissance d'une culture de tomate en serre et leur aptitude à coloniser les racines et le substrat." Phytoprotection 88, no. 3 (September 25, 2008): 103–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/018955ar.
Full textLieutier, F., A. Yart, J. Garcia, M. C. Ham, M. Morelet, and J. Levieux. "Champignons phytopathogènes associés à deux coléoptères scolytidae du pin sylvestre (Pinus sylvestris L.) et étude préliminaire de leur agressivité envers l'hôte." Annales des Sciences Forestières 46, no. 3 (1989): 201–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/forest:19890301.
Full textAllou Isidore, SARAKA, ABO Kouabenan, OUATTARA Katinan Etienne, and ZIRIHI Guédé Noël. "Étude botanique, tri phytochimique et évaluation in vitro de l’activité antifongique des extraits de feuilles de Mallotus oppositifolius (Geisel.) Müll. Arg (Euphorbiaceae) sur Fusarium sp. et Phytophthora sp. deux champignons phytopathogènes." Journal of Animal & Plant Sciences 41.2 (August 31, 2019): 6903–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.35759/janmplsci.v41-2.4.
Full textAdamou, Issa, Zakari Abdoul Habou, Moussa S. Hassimi, Salamatou M. Mamane, and Toudou Adam. "Effet des huiles de pourghère (Jatropha curcas L.) et de neem (Azadirachta indica</ A. Juss) sur le développement in vitro des champignons pathogènes Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Curvularia lunata, Fusarium oxysporum et Rhizopus oryzae." International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 14, no. 4 (August 17, 2020): 1282–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v14i4.10.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Champignon phytopathogène"
Germain, Hugo. "Étude moléculaire du champignon phytopathogène Inonotus tomentosus." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ57865.pdf.
Full textDevier, Benjamin. "Evolution des types sexuels chez les champignons et analyse de la sélection chez un champignon phytopathogène, Microbotryum." Paris 11, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA112266.
Full textDetecting genes under positive selection between pathogens specialized on different hosts should inform us on the type of functions involved in specialization. We therefore looked for genes under positive selection between species specialized on different hosts (Caryophyllaceae) of the phytopathogen fungus Microbotryum. We identified 42 genes showing a signature of positive selection, which had putative functions potentially involved in host specialization. We then analyzed polymorphism at the intra-specific level for some of these genes under positive selection between species. Two showed signals of positive selection at the intra-specific level, suggesting that most of the genes showing signs of positive selection when comparing species are not continually under selection in the coevolution between Microbotryum and its hosts. We also studied the selection on mating types in Microbotryum and more generally in fungi. We showed that the pheromone receptor genes evolve under balancing selection in Microbotryum and other basidiomycetes. Besides, we reviewed the literature for data on the existence and the number of mating types in fungi (varying from 0 to thousands) and associated traits, which allowed drawing inferences about the existence of anisogamy and mating types in eukaryotes. Our studies on the evolution of mating types in Microbotryum and more generally in fungi showed that several wrong ideas existed in the literature, because links are lacking with the extant theories in evolutionary biology. Conversely, we showed that fungi could serve as good eukaryotic models to test theories in evolutionary biology
Jobic, Cécile. "La signalisation glucose chez un champignon phytopathogène : analyses métaboliques et moléculaires." Lyon 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003LYO10270.
Full textTanguay, Philippe. "Transformation génétique et détermination du caryotype électrophorétique du champignon phytopathogène Nectria galligena." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ44968.pdf.
Full textVautard-Mey, Géraldine. "Expression et compartimentation du répresseur glucose CRE1 du champignon phytopathogène Sclerotinia sclerotiorum." Lyon 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LYO10022.
Full textMercier, Alex. "Déterminants génomiques de la spécialisation à l’hôte chez le champignon phytopathogène polyphage Botrytis cinerea." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS442.
Full textPhytopathogenic fungi are major parasites to wild or domesticated plant species. The grey mold fungus, Botrytis cinerea, infects more than 1400 plant species and thus is considered a broad generalist. However, recent data have revealed population structure correlated to the host of origin of isolates. This observation raises the hypothesis of ongoing host specialization in a generalist species. Studying this question could greatly deepen our theoretical knowledge of the evolutionary mechanisms involved in the early stages of population divergence and subsequent speciation. This thesis aims (i) to formally demonstrate the host specialization in B. cinerea’s populations and determine its magnitude, and (ii) to identify the genomic determinants of this specialization. Thus, I studied population structure based on 683 isolates characterized using microsatellite markers. We compared the inferred genetic structure with variations in aggressiveness measured through cross-pathogenicity tests on multiple hosts. These experiments and analyses confirmed the specialization of B. cinerea to tomato and grapevine hosts. Besides these specialized lineages, the species B. cinerea is composed of generalist individuals capable of infecting multiple hosts. I sequenced the whole genome of 32 individuals and characterized nucleotide polymorphism. Structure inference and genomic genealogy methods allowed us to more accurately define the population structure and identify a lineage specialized on tomato. Lastly, McDonald-Kreitman tests and genomic scans methods allowed the identification of genes under divergent natural selection between populations, revealing possible genomic determinants of specialization. This work can serve as foundation for the validation of multiple genes involved in host-specific pathogenicity of B. cinerea, and pave the way for the implementation of efficient strategies for managing pathogen reservoirs and new agricultural practices for controlling grey mold
Naruzawa, Erika Sayuri. "Bases moléculaires du dimorphisme levure-mycélium chez le champignon phytopathogène Ophiostoma novo-ulmi." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26135.
Full textElm trees, which are valued for urban landscaping, are threatened by ophiostomatoid fungi causing Dutch elm disease (DED). These fungi are transported passively in the elm xylem as yeast-budding cells and switch to the mycelial form to progress in uninfected vessels. This dimorphism may facilitate colonization of the host, which indicates its possible association with fungal virulence. Several stimuli affect dimorphism, among them lipoxygenase inhibitors. Lipoxygenase (Lox) and cyclooxygenase (Cox) are dioxygenases which catalyze oxylipins from fatty acids. These molecules modulate fungal growth and are possibly involved in dimorphism and virulence in Ophiostoma. The objective of this thesis was to analyze dimorphism of DED agents and verify whether this transition and pathogenesis are modulated by genes that encode dioxygenase enzymes. The effect of different stimuli on dimorphism was examined in ophiostomatoid strains that cause DED. I also verified if linoleic acid induced transition from yeast to mycelium and production of reproductive structures in these agents. In addition, I identified and characterized genes that encode dioxygenases in genomes of O. novo-ulmi H327 and O. ulmi W9. Finally, I produced a Δppo1 strain of O. novo-ulmi to determine the function of this gene. This transition is probably modulated by different mechanisms and pathways since the response to the manipulation of stimuli varied according to the strain analyzed. Salicylic acid, a cyclooxygenase inhibitor, reduced mycelial production in the strains tested. However, linoleic acid stimulated the production of mycelia and reproductive structures. No lox gene but two cox genes are present in the genomes of O. novo-ulmi H327 and O. ulmi W9. According to our results, one of these cox genes (gene ppo1 or g7173) does not seem related to the virulence or essential functions of the O. novo-ulmi life cycle. Nonetheless, the Δppo1 mutants produced less mycelia in liquid medium with arginine compared to the wild-type. As observed with these data, cyclooxygenases could be related to dimorphism of DED agents.
Nigg, Martha. "Analyses transcriptomiques du dimorphisme levure-mycélium chez le champignon phytopathogène Ophiostoma novo-ulmi." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27849.
Full textLarge-scale transcriptomic analyses via messenger RNA sequencing (RNAseq) give access to the information on expression regulation of all the genes present in a sample at a given time and in a given experimental condition. In this thesis, we took advantage of this technology in order to investigate the molecular mechanisms that regulate the reversible yeast-to-hypha morphological switch which is a characteristic often linked to virulence in fungal pathogens. To begin with, we compared transcriptomic data among seven dimorphic fungi and found conserved biological processes associated with the morphological switch among species from very distant branches of the fungal phylogenetic tree. Later, we focused on our model species, Ophiostoma novo-ulmi, the causal agent of Dutch elm disease. We first compared the gene expression levels in yeast and mycelium growth phases. We defined the molecular factors that are specific to each growth phase and highlighted a clear molecular distinction between the two phases in terms of expressed gene contents. We further narrowed down our analysis by focusing on the yeast-to-hypha transition in a time course experiment. We determined the set of genes for which the expression was regulated during the morphological switch, thus potentially involved in the yeast-to-hypha transition. In particular, we identified genes that could be related to the MAPK cascade, known to play a crucial role in the dimorphic switch in many fungal species. Finally, in order to address the level of conservation in the biological processes linked to dimorphism in highly divergent non-model species, we compared the gene expression regulation of the orthologous genes between O. novo-ulmi and the basidiomycete Pseudozyma flocculosa. We focused on the genes that were differentially expressed between the germination and the filamentation phases. We identified several factors for which the regulation of expression seems conserved during the switch from germinating spore to filamentous growth. Overall, these genes are associated with biological processes that play essential roles in fungal development. Hence, our comparison here highlighted core components necessary for the yeast-to-hypha transition in phylogenetically distant species.
Landraud, Patricia. "Étude de la voie de signalisation pH chez le champignon phytopathogène Magnaporthe grisea." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LYO10099.
Full textPerception of external environment is important for successful infection of plants by fungi. In these organisms, the information about extracellular pH is provided to the cell by a conserved signalling pathway that involves seven proteins. Among these proteins, the transmembrane protein PalH is the putative receptor which would initiate the pH response. The transcription factor PacC, existing in an inactive form in the fungus cell cytoplasm, is activated through proteolysis in response to the pathway activation, and migrates into the nucleus where it activates the « alkaline » genes transcription and represses that of the « acidic » genes. In Magnaporthe grisea , an ascomycete responsible for the main rice disease, the role of this pathway is still unknown. In this work, the PACC and PALH genes have been identified. In order to analyse the role of the two corresponding proteins PacC et PalH, the deletion of these two genes has then been performed. Several phenotypes were studied in the two mutant strains, including growth rate, conidiation and ability to infect host plants. This enabled the investigation of the involvement of the pH signalling pathway in the M. grisea development cycle. Furthermore, a gene expression profiling analysis of the ΔpacC mutant has been undertaken and revealed the multiple cellular responses to pH changes. Taken all together, the results collected in this work indicate that the pH signalling pathway is important for M. grisea's adaptation to an alkaline environment and that it plays a significant role in the fungus pathogenicity
Souibgui, Eytham. "Rôle de la clathrine dans le processus infectieux du champignon phytopathogène Botrytis cinerea." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE1076.
Full textFungi are the most important plant pathogens on agricultural and horticultural crops. Study of fungal pathogens remains essential to understand pathogenic process and control plant diseases. These organisms secrete high amount of degrading enzymes involved in plant decomposition and they feed by absorption of degraded nutriments. Secretory proteins were described to be transported form Endoplasmic Reticulum and Golgi apparatus to extracellular space through intracellular vesicles. In filamentous fungi, intracellular vesicles were observed using electron microscopy but their biogenesis process is still unknown. Therefore, elucidation of the process and the identification of proteins involved in secretory vesicles biogenesis remains a challenge to understand virulence factors delivery. A nonpathogenic mutant altered in the expression of the gene coding for clathrin heavy chain was selected in a random mutant library generated in the necrotrophic pathogen Botrytis cinerea,. This gene is essential in many organisms, thus a clathrin dominant negative mutant was generated and confirming the nonpathogenic phenotype observed on several host plant. In eukaryotic cells, clathrin heavy chain is mainly described to be involved in endocytosis, but it is also essential for high density secretory vesicles formation in yeast. Characterization of the mutants using a proteomic approach revealed a secretion defect of 82 proteins including known virulence factors, as Plant Cell Wall Degrading Enzymes and elicitors. Furthermore, the clathrin mutant revealed a strong reduction of intracellular vesicles production. Clathrin was also localized in living cells using fluorescent GFP-tag protein. Endocytosis was also studied and surprisingly, any observable defect was observed for clathrin mutants. This study demonstrated for the first time the essential role of clathrin in the infectious process of a fungal pathogen and its role in virulence factors secretion
Books on the topic "Champignon phytopathogène"
Rieuf, Paul. Clé d'identification des champignons rencontrés sur les plantes maraîchères. Paris: Institut National de la recherche agronomique, 1985.
Find full text1894-, Conners Ibra L., and Canada. Agriculture Canada. Research Branch., eds. Compendium of plant disease and decay fungi in Canada, 1960-1980. [Ottawa]: Research Branch, Agriculture Canada, 1986.
Find full textWall, R. E. Pathogenicity of the bioherbicide fungus Chondrostereum purpureum to some trees and shrubs of southern Vancouver Island. [Victoria, B.C.]: Canadian Forest Service, 1996.
Find full textCallan, Brenda Elizabeth. An annotated host fungus index for Populus in British Columbia. Victoria, B.C: Canadian Forest Service, 1994.
Find full text1941-, Cole Garry T., and Hoch Harvey C, eds. The Fungal spore and disease initiation in plants and animals. New York: Plenum Press, 1991.
Find full textVascular Wilt Diseases of Plants: Basic Studies and Control. Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. KG, 1989.
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