Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Champignon phytopathogène'
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Germain, Hugo. "Étude moléculaire du champignon phytopathogène Inonotus tomentosus." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ57865.pdf.
Full textDevier, Benjamin. "Evolution des types sexuels chez les champignons et analyse de la sélection chez un champignon phytopathogène, Microbotryum." Paris 11, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA112266.
Full textDetecting genes under positive selection between pathogens specialized on different hosts should inform us on the type of functions involved in specialization. We therefore looked for genes under positive selection between species specialized on different hosts (Caryophyllaceae) of the phytopathogen fungus Microbotryum. We identified 42 genes showing a signature of positive selection, which had putative functions potentially involved in host specialization. We then analyzed polymorphism at the intra-specific level for some of these genes under positive selection between species. Two showed signals of positive selection at the intra-specific level, suggesting that most of the genes showing signs of positive selection when comparing species are not continually under selection in the coevolution between Microbotryum and its hosts. We also studied the selection on mating types in Microbotryum and more generally in fungi. We showed that the pheromone receptor genes evolve under balancing selection in Microbotryum and other basidiomycetes. Besides, we reviewed the literature for data on the existence and the number of mating types in fungi (varying from 0 to thousands) and associated traits, which allowed drawing inferences about the existence of anisogamy and mating types in eukaryotes. Our studies on the evolution of mating types in Microbotryum and more generally in fungi showed that several wrong ideas existed in the literature, because links are lacking with the extant theories in evolutionary biology. Conversely, we showed that fungi could serve as good eukaryotic models to test theories in evolutionary biology
Jobic, Cécile. "La signalisation glucose chez un champignon phytopathogène : analyses métaboliques et moléculaires." Lyon 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003LYO10270.
Full textTanguay, Philippe. "Transformation génétique et détermination du caryotype électrophorétique du champignon phytopathogène Nectria galligena." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ44968.pdf.
Full textVautard-Mey, Géraldine. "Expression et compartimentation du répresseur glucose CRE1 du champignon phytopathogène Sclerotinia sclerotiorum." Lyon 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LYO10022.
Full textMercier, Alex. "Déterminants génomiques de la spécialisation à l’hôte chez le champignon phytopathogène polyphage Botrytis cinerea." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS442.
Full textPhytopathogenic fungi are major parasites to wild or domesticated plant species. The grey mold fungus, Botrytis cinerea, infects more than 1400 plant species and thus is considered a broad generalist. However, recent data have revealed population structure correlated to the host of origin of isolates. This observation raises the hypothesis of ongoing host specialization in a generalist species. Studying this question could greatly deepen our theoretical knowledge of the evolutionary mechanisms involved in the early stages of population divergence and subsequent speciation. This thesis aims (i) to formally demonstrate the host specialization in B. cinerea’s populations and determine its magnitude, and (ii) to identify the genomic determinants of this specialization. Thus, I studied population structure based on 683 isolates characterized using microsatellite markers. We compared the inferred genetic structure with variations in aggressiveness measured through cross-pathogenicity tests on multiple hosts. These experiments and analyses confirmed the specialization of B. cinerea to tomato and grapevine hosts. Besides these specialized lineages, the species B. cinerea is composed of generalist individuals capable of infecting multiple hosts. I sequenced the whole genome of 32 individuals and characterized nucleotide polymorphism. Structure inference and genomic genealogy methods allowed us to more accurately define the population structure and identify a lineage specialized on tomato. Lastly, McDonald-Kreitman tests and genomic scans methods allowed the identification of genes under divergent natural selection between populations, revealing possible genomic determinants of specialization. This work can serve as foundation for the validation of multiple genes involved in host-specific pathogenicity of B. cinerea, and pave the way for the implementation of efficient strategies for managing pathogen reservoirs and new agricultural practices for controlling grey mold
Naruzawa, Erika Sayuri. "Bases moléculaires du dimorphisme levure-mycélium chez le champignon phytopathogène Ophiostoma novo-ulmi." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26135.
Full textElm trees, which are valued for urban landscaping, are threatened by ophiostomatoid fungi causing Dutch elm disease (DED). These fungi are transported passively in the elm xylem as yeast-budding cells and switch to the mycelial form to progress in uninfected vessels. This dimorphism may facilitate colonization of the host, which indicates its possible association with fungal virulence. Several stimuli affect dimorphism, among them lipoxygenase inhibitors. Lipoxygenase (Lox) and cyclooxygenase (Cox) are dioxygenases which catalyze oxylipins from fatty acids. These molecules modulate fungal growth and are possibly involved in dimorphism and virulence in Ophiostoma. The objective of this thesis was to analyze dimorphism of DED agents and verify whether this transition and pathogenesis are modulated by genes that encode dioxygenase enzymes. The effect of different stimuli on dimorphism was examined in ophiostomatoid strains that cause DED. I also verified if linoleic acid induced transition from yeast to mycelium and production of reproductive structures in these agents. In addition, I identified and characterized genes that encode dioxygenases in genomes of O. novo-ulmi H327 and O. ulmi W9. Finally, I produced a Δppo1 strain of O. novo-ulmi to determine the function of this gene. This transition is probably modulated by different mechanisms and pathways since the response to the manipulation of stimuli varied according to the strain analyzed. Salicylic acid, a cyclooxygenase inhibitor, reduced mycelial production in the strains tested. However, linoleic acid stimulated the production of mycelia and reproductive structures. No lox gene but two cox genes are present in the genomes of O. novo-ulmi H327 and O. ulmi W9. According to our results, one of these cox genes (gene ppo1 or g7173) does not seem related to the virulence or essential functions of the O. novo-ulmi life cycle. Nonetheless, the Δppo1 mutants produced less mycelia in liquid medium with arginine compared to the wild-type. As observed with these data, cyclooxygenases could be related to dimorphism of DED agents.
Nigg, Martha. "Analyses transcriptomiques du dimorphisme levure-mycélium chez le champignon phytopathogène Ophiostoma novo-ulmi." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27849.
Full textLarge-scale transcriptomic analyses via messenger RNA sequencing (RNAseq) give access to the information on expression regulation of all the genes present in a sample at a given time and in a given experimental condition. In this thesis, we took advantage of this technology in order to investigate the molecular mechanisms that regulate the reversible yeast-to-hypha morphological switch which is a characteristic often linked to virulence in fungal pathogens. To begin with, we compared transcriptomic data among seven dimorphic fungi and found conserved biological processes associated with the morphological switch among species from very distant branches of the fungal phylogenetic tree. Later, we focused on our model species, Ophiostoma novo-ulmi, the causal agent of Dutch elm disease. We first compared the gene expression levels in yeast and mycelium growth phases. We defined the molecular factors that are specific to each growth phase and highlighted a clear molecular distinction between the two phases in terms of expressed gene contents. We further narrowed down our analysis by focusing on the yeast-to-hypha transition in a time course experiment. We determined the set of genes for which the expression was regulated during the morphological switch, thus potentially involved in the yeast-to-hypha transition. In particular, we identified genes that could be related to the MAPK cascade, known to play a crucial role in the dimorphic switch in many fungal species. Finally, in order to address the level of conservation in the biological processes linked to dimorphism in highly divergent non-model species, we compared the gene expression regulation of the orthologous genes between O. novo-ulmi and the basidiomycete Pseudozyma flocculosa. We focused on the genes that were differentially expressed between the germination and the filamentation phases. We identified several factors for which the regulation of expression seems conserved during the switch from germinating spore to filamentous growth. Overall, these genes are associated with biological processes that play essential roles in fungal development. Hence, our comparison here highlighted core components necessary for the yeast-to-hypha transition in phylogenetically distant species.
Landraud, Patricia. "Étude de la voie de signalisation pH chez le champignon phytopathogène Magnaporthe grisea." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LYO10099.
Full textPerception of external environment is important for successful infection of plants by fungi. In these organisms, the information about extracellular pH is provided to the cell by a conserved signalling pathway that involves seven proteins. Among these proteins, the transmembrane protein PalH is the putative receptor which would initiate the pH response. The transcription factor PacC, existing in an inactive form in the fungus cell cytoplasm, is activated through proteolysis in response to the pathway activation, and migrates into the nucleus where it activates the « alkaline » genes transcription and represses that of the « acidic » genes. In Magnaporthe grisea , an ascomycete responsible for the main rice disease, the role of this pathway is still unknown. In this work, the PACC and PALH genes have been identified. In order to analyse the role of the two corresponding proteins PacC et PalH, the deletion of these two genes has then been performed. Several phenotypes were studied in the two mutant strains, including growth rate, conidiation and ability to infect host plants. This enabled the investigation of the involvement of the pH signalling pathway in the M. grisea development cycle. Furthermore, a gene expression profiling analysis of the ΔpacC mutant has been undertaken and revealed the multiple cellular responses to pH changes. Taken all together, the results collected in this work indicate that the pH signalling pathway is important for M. grisea's adaptation to an alkaline environment and that it plays a significant role in the fungus pathogenicity
Souibgui, Eytham. "Rôle de la clathrine dans le processus infectieux du champignon phytopathogène Botrytis cinerea." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE1076.
Full textFungi are the most important plant pathogens on agricultural and horticultural crops. Study of fungal pathogens remains essential to understand pathogenic process and control plant diseases. These organisms secrete high amount of degrading enzymes involved in plant decomposition and they feed by absorption of degraded nutriments. Secretory proteins were described to be transported form Endoplasmic Reticulum and Golgi apparatus to extracellular space through intracellular vesicles. In filamentous fungi, intracellular vesicles were observed using electron microscopy but their biogenesis process is still unknown. Therefore, elucidation of the process and the identification of proteins involved in secretory vesicles biogenesis remains a challenge to understand virulence factors delivery. A nonpathogenic mutant altered in the expression of the gene coding for clathrin heavy chain was selected in a random mutant library generated in the necrotrophic pathogen Botrytis cinerea,. This gene is essential in many organisms, thus a clathrin dominant negative mutant was generated and confirming the nonpathogenic phenotype observed on several host plant. In eukaryotic cells, clathrin heavy chain is mainly described to be involved in endocytosis, but it is also essential for high density secretory vesicles formation in yeast. Characterization of the mutants using a proteomic approach revealed a secretion defect of 82 proteins including known virulence factors, as Plant Cell Wall Degrading Enzymes and elicitors. Furthermore, the clathrin mutant revealed a strong reduction of intracellular vesicles production. Clathrin was also localized in living cells using fluorescent GFP-tag protein. Endocytosis was also studied and surprisingly, any observable defect was observed for clathrin mutants. This study demonstrated for the first time the essential role of clathrin in the infectious process of a fungal pathogen and its role in virulence factors secretion
Rolland, Stéphane. "Étude de la régulation de la production d'une protéase acide chez un champignon phytopathogène." Lyon 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004LYO10203.
Full textChoquer, Mathias. "Contribution à l'étude du métabolisme de la chitine chez le champignon phytopathogène botrytis cinerea." Paris 6, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA066055.
Full textGioti, Anastasia. "Etude du transcriptome du champignon phytopathogène Botrytis cinerea lors de l'interaction avec Arabidopsis thaliana." Paris 11, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA112290.
Full textBotrytis cinerea, causing the grey mould disease, is a necrotrophic broad-spectrum pathogen. Here we present a transcriptomic study on macroarrays contaning approximately one fifth of the fungus’ genome, as well as the functional analysis of two proteins identified by this analysis. The transcriptomic study, realised on ned three stages of the in planta interaction of B. Cinerea with the plant model Arabidopsis thaliana, permitted identifying 27 genes specifically expressed during the infection. Inactivation of two of them, BcPIE3 and BcPIC5, altered the pathogenicity of the wild-type strain T4 up to at least 69%. The inactivation of the same genes in the BO5. 10 genetic context did not affect this strains’ pathogenicity, indicating that BcPIE3 and BcPIC5 genes code for strain-dependent virulence factors. Both inactivated genes belong to multigenic families. BcPIC5, codes for a peptidyl-prolyl FKBP12 isomerase, shown to mediate the toxic effects of two inhibitors, FK506 and rapamycin, in B. Cinerea. BcPIE3 codes for an emopamil-binding domain (EBD) protein. BcPIE3 is, in contrast to its human ortholog, dispensable for ergosterol biosynthesis. This gene may have acquired a new function related to the interactions of the pathogen with plants. BcPIE3 protein is member of the structural superfamily of EBDPs and belongs to the monophyletic EBP clade. This clade shows a specific expansion within the Euascomycete phylum. Moreover, B. Cinerea is the only fungal species coding for three instead of two EBPs in its genome. This first large-scale transcriptomic analysis highlighted new aspects of the infectious process
Muszkieta, Laetitia. "Identification de nouveaux réseaux de régulation surexprimés dans l'appressorium du champignon phytopathogène Magnaporthe grisea." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO10026.
Full textMagnaporthe grisea is responsible for rice blast, the major disease of rice. The entry of the fungus in the host plant is via a specialized cell called appressorium. The differentiation of this structure results from a genetic and metabolic shift, and requires fine control mechanisms. A transcriptomic study comparing vegetative mycelium and appressorium mature stage, characteristic of the pre-penetration step was realized. In order to identify new regulatory networks specific of the appressorial differentiation, we focused on 32 genes encodi. Ten deletion mutants of transcription factor genes were generated and characterized. The study of their infectivity revealed that the TF7 gene deleted mutant has a reduced pathogenicity of 70% on barley plant resulting from an inability to penetrate the plant surface. Moreover, unlike the parental strain, this mutant is unable to form appressoria on artificial membrane except in the presence of a chemical inducer (1.16-hexadecanediol). Moreover, when appressoria are formed, they burst after 14 hours. This alteration can be compensated by a sorbitol solution acting as an osmoprotectant. This mutant is hypersensitive to nikkomycin Z, a chitin synthase inhibitor suggesting an alteration of parietal metabolism. A differential transcriptome was conducted comparing wild and mutated appressoria differentiated on Teflon membrane revealed that genes involved in chitin metabolism are dependent on the transcription factor Tf7. A second transcription factor Tf22 whose, deletion leads to a reduction of 70% of pathogenesis on rice, has also been studied. Indeed, the homology search showed the presence of two proteins homologous to Tf22 for S. nodorum and C. nicotianae. Beyond the conservation of the transcription factor, we observed the conservation of a potential cluster of genes of secondary metabolism identified in C.nicotianae. The characterization of the mutant revealed that expression of this potential cluster is negatively regulated by the gene TF22
Pellier, Anne-Laure. "Rôles des activateurs transcriptionnels CLNR1 et CLTA1 dans le contrôle du processus d'infection du champignon hémibiotrophe Colletotrichum lindemuthianum sur le haricot commun." Paris 11, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA112221.
Full textColletotrichum lindemuthianum is a hemibiotrophic fungal plant pathogen that causes anthracnose on common bean, Phaseolus vulgaris. The infection process of this fungus is characterized by the succession of two phases, the biotrophic and necrotrophic phases, in which several fungal infection structures are differentiated. Molecular determinants necessary to the infection process of this fungus are still poorly understood. This work deals with the role of two transcriptional activators in the control of C. Lindemuthianum infection process, Clnr1 and Clta1 that have been identified via a candidate gene approach and a mutagenesis approach, respectively. Clnr1 is the major nitrogen-regulatory gene in C. Lindemuthianum and the functional orthologue of the areA major nitrogen-regulatory gene in A. Nidulans. Pathogenicity tests showed that Clnr1 plays a crucial role in the infection process. Surprisingly, the clnr1 ̄mutants are not disturbed from the penetration stage until the end of the biotrophic phase but they are impaired during the development of the necrotrophic phase indicating that Clnr1 regulates genes that are compulsory for this stage of the infection process. Clta1 belongs to the zinc cluster (Zn(II)2Cys6) family and this gene is essential to the switch between biotrophy and necrotrophy. Two approaches have been developed in order to identify target genes of Clta1: (i) one derived from the one-hybrid system in order to identify C. Lindemuthianum genomic DNA sequences recognized by Clta1, a toxicity associated to the expression of Clta1 in yeast did not allow this approach to succeed, (ii) a " proteomic " approach based on 2D gels in order to highlight proteins whose presence is dependent of CLTA1: a 30 kDa protein is differentially present that bas not been further characterized yet
Goudet, Cyril. "Analyse électrophysiologique des effets des béticolines, toxines produites par le champignon phytopathogène Cercospora beticola, sur les biomembranes." Dijon, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999DIJOS024.
Full textVacher, Sébastien. "La signalisation glucose chez le champignon phytopathogène Sclerotinia sclerotiorum : caractérisation du gène snfS codant pour une protéine kinase." Lyon 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002LYO10149.
Full textDallery, Jean-Félix. "Identification et régulation des gènes du métabolisme secondaire et caractérisation de métabolites chez le champignon phytopathogène Colletotrichum higginsianum." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS102.
Full textColletotrichum spp. are major plant pathogens of numerous crops worldwide. Colletotrichum higginsianum uses a hemibiotrophic lifestyle to infect many members of the Brassicaceae including the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. The C. higginsianum – A. thaliana pathosystem facilitates dissection of the mechanisms of plant resistance and susceptibility and the traits underlying fungal pathogenicity. Both partners can be genetically manipulated and powerful genetic tools and transgenic lines are available on the plant side. With a view to obtain a more complete inventory of C. higginsianum secondary metabolism (SM) genes, we re-sequenced the genome de novo using PacBio technology, providing 12 complete chromosome sequences. The in-depth analysis of this second version of the genome revealed one of the largest SM repertoires described to date for any ascomycete and solved numerous fragmentation problems in the first genome assembly. In order to identify secondary metabolites produced by C. higginsianum during plant infection, we deleted negative SM regulators that modify chromatin status (Kmt1, Kmt6, Hep1, CclA), and over-expressed positive SM regulators (LaeA, Sge1), all of which were well-described in other fungi. Using transcriptomics (RNASeq), we identified SM genes differentially expressed in these mutants. Using metabolite profiling, we also identified and characterised two families of secondary metabolites. Finally we describe novel biological activities for these compound families. These results provide new insights into the molecular basis of pathogenicity in C. higginsianum
Aumer, Thomas. "Étude du mécanisme d'action d'un peptide antifongique de la famille des héliomicines pour contrôler le champignon phytopathogène Botrytis cinerea." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. https://thares.univ-grenoble-alpes.fr/2019GREAV038.pdf.
Full textPhytopathogenic fungi are the main cause of crop diseases. Botrytis cinerea is a necrotrophic fungus, responsible for the gray mold, targeting many plants of agronomic interest (tomato, grapevine, strawberry). The extensive control of this disease integrates research for new antifungal solutions derived from natural molecules such as antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). The peptide ETD151 is an exclusively antifungal AMP optimized from heliomicin, an insect defensin from the butterfly Heliothis virescens. This small cationic, cysteine-rich and non-cytotoxic peptide demonstrates a promising in vitro activity on phytopathogenic fungi including B. cinerea. Using multidisciplinary approaches (proteomics, sphingolipidomics, confocal microscopy), this thesis focused on a better understanding of the mechanism of action of ETD151, with the eventual goal of developing a new crop protection strategy. As a first step, bottom-up proteomic studies were conducted on B. cinerea mycelium in the presence or absence of the peptide. Differential analysis of the results allowed us to identify proteins and metabolic pathways, such as the respiratory chain, impacted by ETD151. Thereafter and based on its strong homology with heliomicin, we have demonstrated the prominent role of membrane lipids called glucosylceramides in the activity of ETD151. Two forms Bc-GlcCer-2 and Bc-GlcCer-3 have been characterized by mass spectrometry in B. cinerea and explain the sensitivity of the fungus to the antifungal peptide. These results contributed to the current protein-lipid interaction studies in NMR. Finally, we have been able to define ETD151 as a morphogenic defensin in B. cinerea, as a few insects and plants antifungal defensins. Indeed, the peptide inhibits spore germination and hyphal elongation while at the same time altering the morphology of the fungus. It also disrupts the membrane integrity and leads to the release of intracellular content, non-mechanically and without acting directly on the high-osmolarity glycerol pathway. By combination with BODIPY fluorophore, we have revealed a particular affinity of ETD151 for the cell envelope and its internalization
Valette, Odile. "Etude des gènes codant pour l'activité pectine méthyle estérase chez le champignon ascomycète phytopathogène Botrytis cinerea (F. P Botryotinia fuckeliana)." Paris, Institut national d'agronomie de Paris Grignon, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002INAP0030.
Full textMondy, Nathalie. "Etude du mutualisme entre un champignon phytopathogène Botrytis Cinerea et un ravageur de la vigne Lobesia Botrana : recherche de nouvelles méthodes de lutte." Bordeaux 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BOR20616.
Full textFaivre, Talmey Yohann. "L'alpha-tubuline B et ses régulateurs chez le champignon Botrytis cinerea : régulation, rôles et interactants." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO10020.
Full textThe plant pathogen Botrytis cinerea contains two alpha-tubulin isomers (alpha-tubulin A and B). These proteins are known to participate in the construction of microtubules in all eukaryotes, but our knowledge about the roles of different isomers is particularly poor in fungi, and null in fungal plant pathogens. Analysis of gene expression profiles in B. cinerea revealed that the alpha-tubulin B encoding gene is more expressed than the alpha-tubulin A one and that its expression peaks during spore germination. Subsequent promoter studies led to the identification of three DNA regions probably involved in this regulation, and two putative regulators were then found by using the one-hybrid yeast system : the already discovered BcYOH1 and the totally unknown and ascomycetous specific BcFT027. Additional expression studies in mutant strains of these regulators finally suggested the existence of a regulatory network between these two regulators and the two alpha-tubulin encoding genes. Production and analysis of alpha-tubulin B deletion mutants showed that this isomer is not essential for cell viability in B. cinerea. More importantly, this study revealed that the alpha-tubulin protein plays a role during plant infection as well as in the formation of aerial mycelium and the production of asexual spores. Partial to complete characterization of the BcYOH1 and BcFT027 deletion mutants strengthened these results and showed that BcFT027 is a key player in the development of areal mycelium and of the infection process (via the development of penetration structures called infection cushions). Never reported before, these results are of significant interest in our understanding of tubulins and fungal development
Persoons, Antoine. "Le contournement de résistance par Melampsora Larici-populina l'agent de la rouille du peuplier : impact démographique et déterminisme génétique." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORR0176/document.
Full textMelampsora larici-populina is a pathogenic fungus responsible of poplar leaf rust, causing severe damages in plantations worldwide. Almost all poplar resistances deployed so far in France have been overcome and a major event that occurred in 1994 with the breakdown of resistance R7 mostly used in poplar cultivation. In order to identify candidate genes linked to pathogenicity, I conducted a comparative genomics study based on the sequencing of 15 isolates. This analysis revealed polymorphism patterns correlated to the distribution of virulences among isolates while the necessity of a population genetics study. I then analyzed the genetic structure of a comprehensive collection of 600 isolates of M. larici-populina sampled from 1992 to 2012. This analysis demonstrated the major impact of the R7 breakdown on populations. Finally, I conducted a population genomics analysis to obtain a demographic scenario describing the historical links between populations and to identify genomic regions under selection. This analysis is based on the Illumina sequencing of 86 isolates in four key populations identified by the population genetic analysis. Over 1,000,000 polymorphic positions were identified. The best demographic scenario was assessed using Approximate Bayesian Computation algorithms based on coalescent simulations. Using this demographic scenario, I computed the confidence interval of several population genetic indices. This genome scan analysis was performed on the 86 genomes using this same indices and revealed 20 genomic regions containing 14 genes potentially involving in the resistance 7 breakdown
Veneault-Fourrey, Claire. "Caractérisation de l'étape de pénétration des tissus végétaux via le développement de l'appressorium chez Colletotrichum lindemuthianum, champignon phytopathogène responsable de l'anthracnose du haricot." Paris 11, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA112199.
Full textThe fungus Colletotrichum lindemuthianum is the causal agent of anthracnose on common bean, Phaseolus vulgaris, that differentiates an appressorium, a specialised structure for penetration of plant tissue. Morphological, biochemical, biophysical and microscopical examination of three C. Lindemuthianum penetration mutants allowed to demonstrate that appressorium development by this fungus can be divided in three functional substeps: differentiation; maturation and functionality. Surprisingly, analyses of plant defence responses showed that appressorium maturation but not functionality is necessary for superoxyde ions production, defence genes induction (PAL3, CHS and PvPR2), and accumulation of PR-proteins in the apoplasm. However, appressorium functionality (e. G. Genuine penetration within plant tissue) is compulsory for hypersensitive response within at least three independent gene-for-gene relationships. Two transcriptomic-based approaches (hybridisation of macroarrays with differential probes and subtractive hybridisation) have been performed in order to identify genes potentially involved in the appressorium setup and genes putatively under the control of the signal transduction pathway CLK1, a Ser/Thr kinase involved in appressorium functionality, is part of. Results Suggest that appressorium setup in C. Lindemuthianum requires regulation of i) metabolism of carbon sources, ii) synthesis of aminoacids, iii) endocytosis, and iv) control of cell cycle. Besides, the signal transduction pathway including CLK1 appears to be involved in i) balance between two protein degradation pathways (autophagy versus proteasome), ii) the regulation of mitochondrial activity, and iii) cytoskeleton reorganisation via actin. A candidate othologue gene approach was done with PLS1, a tetraspanin-encoding gene from the appressorium-producing plant pathogen Magnaporthe grisea where it is involved in appressorium functionality. Clpls1, the orthologue in C. Lindemuthianum, is a functional homologue of PLS1 in M. Grisea; it is also involved in appressorium functionality in C. Lindemuthianum where it is compulsory for the appressorial pore development
Roy, Sébastien. "Mise en évidence et caractérisation d'une activité phospholipase dans le tabac (Nicotiana tabacum) au cours de l'interaction avec un champignon phytopathogène, Phytophthora parasitica var. Nicotianae." Toulouse 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995TOU30091.
Full textRieux, Adrien. "Etude des processus de dispersion et des flux géniques chez un champignon phytopathogène : le cas de Mycosphaerella fijiensis à l’échelle d’un bassin de production Camerounais." Thesis, Montpellier, SupAgro, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NSAM0011.
Full textDispersal is a key process for both the dynamics and evolution of natural populations. In addition to being crucial for colonization, dispersal also influences the processes occurring during adaptation. For pathogens, a better understanding of dispersal processes may improve our capacity to control the diseases that they cause. In this thesis, we studied dispersal processes and quantified gene flow in the banana plant pathogen Mycosphaerella fijiensis at the local scale of a production area in South-West Cameroon (named Moungo). For this purpose, several approaches differing in the spatio-temporal scale to which they refer were combined. First, neutral markers were used to describe the spatial genetic structure of this pathogen in the Moungo area, which includes several potential ecological barriers to dispersal. No effects on genetic structure of landscape elements or geographical distance were found. However, we detected a spatial break in allelic frequencies that appeared to be explained by an historical event. This result suggests the existence of large M. fijiensis populations out of the mutation-migration-drift genetic equilibrium. Second, genetic cline theory was applied to study the evolutionary forces implicated in the installation and evolution of spatial gradients in allelic frequencies. More specifically, we analysed the spatio-temporal variation of the genetic discontinuity previously detected through a neutral cline model to estimate the intensity of gene flow in this area ( =1175 m/generation). Lastly, we measured the distribution of dispersal distances of M. fijiensis spores from a primary source of inoculum was. Such an experiment allowed us to confirm that conidia are implicated in short-distance dispersal whereas ascospores are responsible for spread of the disease over longer distances. The estimated mean dispersal distance travelled by spores was 3.12 and 283 metres/generation for conidia and ascospores, respectively, and the ascospore dispersal kernel was shown to be fat-tailed. This thesis adds to global knowledge of M. fijiensis dispersal and the measures of dispersal estimated in this work will be useful in parameterizing models aimed at a better understanding of the spatial patterns of fungicide resistance evolution under different management strategies
Lalève, Anaïs. "Impacts biochimiques et biologiques de mutations dans le gène sdhB codant la sous-unité B de la succinate déshydrogénase chez le champignon phytopathogène Botrytis cinerea." Thesis, Paris 11, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA112077.
Full textSuccinate dehydrogenase is both a key enzyme of the TCA cycle, oxidizing succinate into fumarate and complex II of the mitochondrial respiratory chain involved in electron transfer and ubiquinone reduction. Inhibitors of this enzyme (SDHIs) have been developed or are in the developmental process as fungicides. Actually, SDHIs are registered to deal with Botrytis cinerea, a phytopathogenic fungus responsible for grey mold on many crops including grapevine. Strains of B. cinerea and other pathogenic fungi have been isolated for their resistance to SDHI. They mainly harbor mutations in genes encoding SDH subunits. During this thesis, we studied the impact of mutations modifying subunit B of succinate dehydrogenase on enzyme activity, fungal biology and resistance to SDHIs. “Isogenic” mutants obtained through site-directed mutagenesis and homologous recombination allowed us to confirm the role of sdhB mutations in SDHIs resistance. Our results also show that the substitutions in the SdhB subunit impact respectively the affinity of SDHIs to SDH and the inhibition levels of SDH activity by inhibitors, which explain – in fine – the resistance spectra observed for the mutants. Up to now, all sdhB mutants are resistant to boscalid and the most frequent mutants observed in grapevines, sdhBH272R/Y, are susceptible to fluopyram. Studies on sdhB mutants reveal that the mutations also impact the enzymatic activity and the fungal development depending on the substitution. In particular, sdhBH272L/R mutations have the strongest impact on enzyme activity and the fitness of the fungus, whereas these parameters are almost not altered in the sdhBH272Y mutant. Finally, grey mold populations from different origins (country, plant host) were analyzed for their SDHI resistance pheno- and genotypes. Yet, the sdhBH272R/Y mutants were the most frequent, but these frequencies varied according to the agronomical situation. Interestingly, the frequencies of the sdhBH272R mutant seem to increase with the selective pressure exerted by fungicides. This mutant is of particular interest because of the absence of correlation between the fitness we measured and the frequencies we observed in natura
Saint-Macary, Marie-Emmanuelle. "Biosynthèse de la cystéine et de la méthionine chez le champignon phytopathogène Magnaporthe grisea : Analyse de la méthionine synthase et des enzymes de la voie de transsulfuration." Pau, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PAUU3008.
Full textFilamentous fungi cause devastating diseases of agricultural crops. Recent studies highlighted a need for sulfur amino acids (methionine and cysteine) in the infectious process. To get insight into the physiological significance of sulfur amino acids biosynthesis in the infectious cycle, we have created null mutants of genes involved in the synthesis of homocysteine, cysteine and methionine by a gene deplacement strategy using a plant pathogenic model, Magnaporthe grisea. To this end the genes encoding cystathionine -synthase (CGS1, direct transsulfuration), methionine synthase and the cystathionine -lyase (CGL, reverse transsulfuration) were targeted. While suppression of the methionine synthase gene led to auxotrophy for methionine, mutants for CGS1 showed only strongly delayed growth, and mutants for CGL were prototroph on minimum medium. When tested on plants, only null mutants for methionine synthase were non pathogenic and the infectious cycle was fully restored upon addition of methionine. In the case of the null mutants for CGS1, the delay in development of disease symptoms was postulated to correspond to metabolic adaptation of the pathogen. This hypothesis was tested by analyzing single null mutants for the CGS2 gene, a homologue of CGS1 in M. Grisea, and for the HCS gene encoding homocystéine synthase which is involved in direct sulphydrylation activity for homocysteine built-up. All the single null mutants were prototroph and non pathogenic on plants. The double null mutant targeting CGS1 and CGS2 showed phenotype similar to the single mutant for CGS1. By contrast, the double mutant line for CGS1 and HCS was auxotroph and its growth was complemented by methionine. Altogether these experiments evidenced the role of the direct transsulfuration pathway in the biosynthesis of homocysteine. Biochemical analysis of the mutant for methionine synthase disclosed metabolite reorientations and molecular adaptation to remove toxic accumulated homocysteine. This compound was degraded through the reverse transsulfuration pathway with accumulation of cystathionine as an intermediate. Pleiotropic effects on glutathione, glutamate, serine and arginine pools resulted from the suppression of the methionine synthase gene. Accumulation of homocysteine led to that of adenosylhomocysteine, a potent inhibitor of the S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) dependent methylases. The built-up of SAM, favored by expression of the fungal SAM-methyltransferase gene, in presence of added methionine was a consequence of the growth restoration. Our analysis led to the finding that the reverse transsulfuration pathway is committed to homocysteine degradation when this toxic compound is in excess. Such interpretation was also confirmed through the accumulated cystathionine measured in the null mutant for CGL1 when grown in the presence of methionine. The integrated analysis of the mutants is a way to decipher the flux of sulfur in the growing pathogenic fungi during the infectious cycle
Ezelin-de, Souza Kathia. "Contribution à la valorisation de la bagasse par transformations biologiques et chimiques : valeur agronomique des composts et propriétés suppressives vis-à-vis du champignon phytopathogène Fusarium solani." Toulouse, INPT, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998INPT005A.
Full textXhaard, Constance. "Influence des processus démographiques sur la structure et les caractéristiques génétiques des champignons phytopathogènes : cas de l'agent de la rouille du peuplier Melampsora larici-populina." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NAN10038/document.
Full textMany factors can impact the genetic structures and population dynamics of fungal plant pathogens. Here we illustrated some of them at different spatial scales for the poplar rust fungus Melampsora larici-populina. At the scale of France, two main genetic groups were found. The first one infects only wild hosts and results from natural evolution of rust populations. The second one was formed after the R7 resistance breakdown, which is carried by the cultivar ?Beaupré?. This group exhibited a high proportion of virulent 7 individuals and presented signs of selection and demographic expansion; these signs indicate the recent invasion of individuals from this group on both wild and cultivated poplars in the northern half of France. At a regional scale, we focused on a contact zone between the ?cultivated? and the ?wild? genetic groups, located in the Alps. Upstream the Durance River valley, the influence of landscape has been highlighted by the effect of the Ecrins range which protects the ?wild? group located on the east side from the invasion of individuals from the ?cultivated? group, which arise from the northwest. Downstream the valley the annual epidemic wave was shown to be composed of admixed individuals from ?wild? and ?cultivated? groups, originating from both sides of the Ecrins range. Lastly we assessed the genetic consequences of the colonization wave. We evidenced a gradual increase of genetic differentiation with the epidemic source and a loss of genetic diversity. This work highlights the need of combining population genetics and epidemiology to characterize demographic processes and their genetic consequences
Avenot, Hervé. "Variabilité au sein de l'espèce fongique phytopathogène Alternaria brassicicola : analyse au niveau d'un marqueur sélectionné de type résistance aux fongicides et de marqueurs neutres de type microsatellites." Angers, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ANGE0033.
Full textAlternaria brassicicola causes blackspot disease of crucifers worldwide. This disease is seed-borne and responsible for important yield losses. Field isolates of A. Brassicicola highly resistant to dicarboximide and phenylpyrroles fungicides have been identified. These isolates are still pathogenic to host plants and most of them are more sensitive to osmotic stress than wild type strains. To elucidate the molecular basis of the osmosensitive and dicarboximide/phenylpyrrole-resistant phenotypes, an osmosensing histidine kinase gene AbNIK1 was isolated from a fungicide-sensitive isolate and its sequence compared with corresponding sequences from fungicide-resistant isolates. All the fungicide-resistant strains displaying a osmosensitive phenotype were found to have null mutations in the AbNIK1 gene. To investigate the effects of AbNIK1 null mutations on their fitness, these strains were inoculated on radish under field conditions. Quality controls of produced seeds revealed that null mutants are strongly affected in their competitivity towards wild type strains in the absence of selective pressure. In parallel, the genetic diversity within the species A. Brassicicola was estimated. Twelve polymorphic microsatellite loci were identified and used to analyze a population of strains with various geographic origins. In agreement with the lifestyle of this fungus (absence of sexual reproduction and seed transmission) a relatively weak polymorphism (3. 5 alleles per locus) and an absence of population structuration were observed
Andanson, Audrey. "Evolution de l'agressivité des champignons phytopathogènes, couplage des approches théorique et empirique." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010NAN10094/document.
Full textLiving organisms extract resources from their environment and invest them toward various biological functions (growth, survival, reproduction). Available resources in an environment are usually limited so that organisms have to trade-off the resources invested in different biological functions. These trade-offs in resource investment reverberate in trade-offs between life-history traits (age and size at maturity, number of offspring) and determine pathogen potential to adapt to their environment.During this work, we have studied resource allocation strategy during infection caused by spore-producing pathogen. We have determined optimal resource allocation strategies between intra-host multiplication and spore production in different ecological settings. The main result of this work is that the optimal strategy is defined by the existence of a latent period, a period of time during which all extracted resources are investing toward within-host multiplication and no spore is produced. After latency, when the pathogen has a limited access to host resources, consumed resources are invested toward spore production only (Bang-bang strategy). On the contrary, when the pathogen has an unlimited access to host resources, a fixed proportion of host resources are invested toward maintenance of within-host multiplication forms (Bang-mixte strategy). A second part of this work presents empirical test of these theoretical assumptions, through experimentations on Magnaporthe oryzae and on Melampsora larici-populina. Our observations on these pathogens seem to agree with our theoretical predictions and corroborate the relevance of our modelling assumptions and approach
Amborabé, Bénigne-Ernest. "Recherche sur l'eutypiose : étude de relations vigne-eutypa lata et lutte antifongique par des molécules naturelles." Poitiers, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000POIT2301.
Full textEddaoudi, Ayad. "Désinfection de semences par action photodynamique sur des champignons phytopathogènes." Montpellier 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993MON20237.
Full textGourgues, Mathieu. "Rôle des tétraspanines dans le processus infectieux des champignons phytopathogènes." Paris 11, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA112063.
Full textPLS1, a gene recovered by insertional mutagenesis is required for penetration of rice leaves by the fungal pathogen Magnaporthe grisea. Pls1- mutant differentiates mature appressoria with normal cellular turgor but fails to differentiate the penetration peg required to breach leaf epidermis or artificial membranes. The protein deduced from the PLS1 sequence is an integral membrane protein of 225 amino acids related to tetraspanin family. These animal proteins are components of membrane signaling complexes involved the control of cell adhesion, differentiation or motility. Similar signaling pathways could be involved in penetration peg formation. Using a GFP-Pls1p fusion, we showed that Pls1p is only expressed in appressoria differentiated on leaves or artificial membranes just before and during penetration, but not in primary infection hyphae. Pls1p is localized in plasma membrane and vacuoles of the appressorium. This specific expression pattern was also analyzed. Pls1p differential expression is regulated at the post transcriptional level, since PLS1 mRNA is detected in all fungal tissus. 5'UTR region is required for this appressorium specific translation of PLS1 mRNA. We wondered if tetraspanin genes are present in other (either pathogenic on plants or saprophytic) fungal species. Using a combination of a PCR based approach and of a computer analysis of public databases we identified three PLS1 homologous genes (BcPLS1, NcPLS1 and ClPLS1) to in the ascomycetes Botrytis cinerea, Neurospora crassa and Colletotrichum lindemuthianum. Only one tetraspanin gene was identified in each fungal genome and the four fungal proteins form a new family of tetraspanin without any homo log within animal tetraspanins. Functional analysis of BcPLS1 gene was performed by knockout in B. Cinerea. Bcpls1- mutant was shown to be non-pathogenic on all plant tested. Bcpls1- mutant appressoria are non-functional as they can not direct the penetration of plant cell wall. This is the first demonstration of the effective involvement of appressoria during B. Cinerea penetration of host leaves. Both pls1- mutant from M. Grisea and Bcpls1- mutant from B. Cinerea are blocked during the penetration process. This process needs apical growth arrest followed by growth redirection. Therefore, we hypothesize that fungal tetraspanin could be involved in growth redirection that is necessary, in Magnaporthe grisea and Botrytis cinerea, for appressorium mediated penetration of plant tissues
Maupetit, Agathe. "Potentiel évolutif et déterminisme génétique de caractères d’agressivité et morphologiques de l’agent de la rouille du peuplier, Melampsora larici-populina." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0202/document.
Full textTo control plant pathogens, breeding resistant plants is the most cost-effective and ecological strategy. Quantitative resistances, which are based on complex plant mechanisms, are known to be exposed to erosion through an increase of pathogens aggressiveness. Through the study the poplar – poplar rust (Melampsora larici-populina) pathosystem, this work aims to estimate the evolutionary potential of aggressiveness and morphological traits using quantitative genetic approaches and to identify molecular bases through genome-wide association study. To estimate plasticity, heritability, and trade-offs for a set of quantitative traits, we precisely measured their variation in four contrasted pathogen populations. It appeared that spore volume is highly heritable and evolved rapidly. In planta mycelium quantity is also heritable but constant because of stabilizing selection occurring in the studied populations. Latent period, lesion size and sporulation rate exhibit low heritability, which explains the absence of evolution during the studied time period. Traits involved in the sporulating function seem to be the most plastic ones along a leaf maturity gradient. However, the lack of evidence of trade-offs did not allow us to identify aggressiveness traits that would be the best targets for the construction of durable resistance in poplar. No genetic underpinning has been found for quantitative traits, but we have identified a potential avirulence locus (Avr7), opening the way for its functional characterization
Iraqi, Housseini Abdel Ilah. "Recherches sur la lutte biologique contre fomes lignosus (K1. ) Bres. , parasite de l'hevea, par utilisation de champignons antagonistes." Nancy 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987NAN10087.
Full textDaviere, Jean-Michel. "Impact des elements transposables sur l'evolution du genome du champignon phytopathogene fusarium oxysporum." Paris 11, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA112070.
Full textFrelin, Océane. "La méthionine et son rôle dans la physiologie du champignon phytopathogene Magnaporthe Grisea." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LYO10079.
Full textFilamentous fungi cause devastating diseases in agricultural crops. Recent studies highlighted a need for methionine and cysteine during the infectious process. Our goal is to understand the role of methionine biosynthesis in the plant pathogenic model Magnaporthe grisea. To this end, we focused our study on two null mutants for the genes encoding methionine synthase which catalyzes the last step for methionine biosynthesis (ΔMS), and the sulphur regulator MgMetR which controls sulphate assimilation pathway (ΔMgMetR). A global analysis was carried out for each mutant by using transcriptomic and targeted metabolomic approaches. Metabolic signatures were determined by HPLC. ΔMS mutant was characterized by an increase in homocysteine and S-adenosylmethionine levels whereas ΔMgMetR mutant displayed a drastic reduction in glutathione content. Microarray analyses of ΔMS mutant highlighted an important molecular perturbation since 507 to 1565 genes were differentially expressed in ΔMS mutant compared to the wild type strain depending on our experimental conditions (from starvation to excess of methionine). Our analyses focused on different metabolic pathways: folate metabolism, amino acid biosynthesis and iron homeostasis which were subject to molecular and biochemical validations. Microarray analyses of ΔMgMetR mutant confirmed the transcriptional control of the expression of the genes involved in sulphate acquisition and assimilation. The set of results obtained during this work gets insight into new metabolic interplays between methionine biosynthesis and M. grisea general metabolism and reveals new research areas for antifungal molecules with the aim of crop protection
Pernaci, Michaël. "Étude des traits d'histoire de vie de "Melampsora larici-populina", agent de la rouille du peuplier : de leur déterminisme génétique à leurs conséquences évolutives." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORR0064/document.
Full textAdaptation of a phytopathogenic fungus to its environment, as well as the resulting evolution and structuration of its populations, are strongly influenced by its life history traits which condition its fitness. This is illustrated here with the poplar rust fungus Melampsora larici-populina. Hence, we showed that spore volume repeatedly evolved through natural selection, during annual epidemics in the Durance River valley, showing the implication of this trait in the fungus adaptive processes. Consequently, genetic constraints conditioning the adaptive potential of the fungus, in connection with life history traits, were studied in laboratory, over a progeny resulting from a selfing of a reference strain. Results suggest that M. larici-populina has a high adaptive potential. Finally, a high resolution genetic map of the fungus, comprising 18 chromosomes, has been built in order to study genetic determinism of these traits. One locus of virulence and three QTL involved in the expression of the lesion size were detected and accurately mapped on this map. This work emphasizes the role of quantitative traits in adaptation and structuration of M. larici-populina populations in response to the environmental selective pressures, by conferring an adaptive potential, the basis of organisms’ adaptation. It also opens many opportunities to identify the genetic bases of adaptation of this fungus, these elements being essential for the development of sustainable strategies of disease control
Herrmann-Gorline, Sabine. "Phytotoxines produites par Exserohilum turcicum, agent responsable de la brûlure foliaire septentrionale du mai͏̈s : purification, identification chimique et étude de leur phytotoxicité." Toulouse 3, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990TOU30205.
Full textVillalba, François. "Clonage et caracterisation moleculaire d'une glycoproteine multifonctionnelle du champignon phytopathogene phytophthora parasitica var. Nicotianae." Toulouse 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997TOU30230.
Full textMaupetit, Agathe. "Potentiel évolutif et déterminisme génétique de caractères d’agressivité et morphologiques de l’agent de la rouille du peuplier, Melampsora larici-populina." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0202.
Full textTo control plant pathogens, breeding resistant plants is the most cost-effective and ecological strategy. Quantitative resistances, which are based on complex plant mechanisms, are known to be exposed to erosion through an increase of pathogens aggressiveness. Through the study the poplar – poplar rust (Melampsora larici-populina) pathosystem, this work aims to estimate the evolutionary potential of aggressiveness and morphological traits using quantitative genetic approaches and to identify molecular bases through genome-wide association study. To estimate plasticity, heritability, and trade-offs for a set of quantitative traits, we precisely measured their variation in four contrasted pathogen populations. It appeared that spore volume is highly heritable and evolved rapidly. In planta mycelium quantity is also heritable but constant because of stabilizing selection occurring in the studied populations. Latent period, lesion size and sporulation rate exhibit low heritability, which explains the absence of evolution during the studied time period. Traits involved in the sporulating function seem to be the most plastic ones along a leaf maturity gradient. However, the lack of evidence of trade-offs did not allow us to identify aggressiveness traits that would be the best targets for the construction of durable resistance in poplar. No genetic underpinning has been found for quantitative traits, but we have identified a potential avirulence locus (Avr7), opening the way for its functional characterization
Barrault, Gérard. "L'helminthosporiose de l'orge causée par Dreschlera teres." Toulouse, INPT, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989INPT010A.
Full textEl, Id Zibo. "Nouvelle méthode de détection de l'Helminthosporium Teres Sacc. Sur semences d'orge et ses applications." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990INPL108N.
Full textChapeland-Leclerc, Florence. "Etude de la resistance aux anilinopyrimidines et a d'autres fongicides chez le champignon phytopathogene botrytis cinerea." Paris 6, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA066495.
Full textRaynaud, Jean-Pierre. "Etude d'un nouvel exopolysaccharide fongique : identification de la souche productrice ; optimisation de la production ; propriétés physico-chimiques du polymère." Toulouse 3, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987TOU30313.
Full textOrgambide, Guy. "Exopolysaccharides de Pseudomonas solanacearum : analyse structurale et corrélation avec la virulence." Toulouse 3, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990TOU30013.
Full textHalama, Patrice. "Phaeosphaeria nodorum (mull. ) Hedj. (ex. Leptosphaeria nodorum mull. ). Teleomorphe de septoria nodorum berk : déterminisme et ontogénie : hérédité du pouvoir pathogène." Lille 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LIL10019.
Full textRafin, Catherine. "Les Pythium spp. à sporanges filamenteux, agents de nécroses racinaires sur tomate (Lycopersicon esculentum) en cultures hors-sol." Brest, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BRES2001.
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