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Academic literature on the topic 'Champignons microscopiques – Effets physiologiques'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Champignons microscopiques – Effets physiologiques"
Avallone, Sylvie. "Etude de la fermentation naturelle de "Coffea arabica L. " et des mécanismes de fluidification du tissu mucilagineux." Montpellier 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999MON20166.
Full textAziza, Majda Amina. "Études physiologiques et cinétiques de "geotrichum candidum" et "Penicillium camembertii" cultivés en bioréacteur sur milieux synthétiques." Rennes 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006REN1S001.
Full textNguyen, Van Long Nicolas. "Impact de facteurs abiotiques sur la physiologie des moisissures d'interêt agro-alimentaire." Thesis, Brest, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BRES0078.
Full textIn the food processing industry, controlling the development of filamentous fungi encountered as spoilers or technological cultures address significant economic and sanitary issues. Fungal development in foods is mainly determined by abiotic factors including temperature, water activity (aw) or the headspace gas composition. The quantification of these respective effects through a predictive mycology approach aims at preventing fungal food spoilage. The present work aims at exploring the effect of environmental conditions on the physiology of filamentous fungi of interest in the food processing industry.The effect of temperature, aw (adjusted with glycerol of sodium chloride), pH and headspace gas composition was evaluated on conidial germination and/or radial growth of five fungi isolated from dairy products: Paecilomyces niveus, Mucor lanceolatus, Penicillium brevicompactum, Penicillium expansum and Penicillium roqueforti. The present work suggests that the specific effects of sodium chloride or gas composition could be included in predictive mycology approaches. It was also demonstrated that the selection of strains representative of a fungal species and the physiological state of conidia utilized as inoculum have a significant effect on the final predictive models.At the fundamental level, markers were investigated to study the effect of abitoic factors on the physiological state of spores. The temperature and aw significantly affected the physiological state of spores and their germination kinetics. The investigation of markers at the molecular level could provide better knowledges on the effect of abiotic factors on the physiology of filamentous fungi
Seguin, Virginie. "Contribution à l'étude de la qualité sanitaire du fourrage équin : effets des pratiques culturales et de la composition floristique : Thèse soutenue sur un ensemble de travaux." Caen, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009CAEN2075.
Full textAero-allergens (dust, molds, pollens, mycotoxins, endotoxins) in forages are suspected to be the main aetiologic agents of Recurrent Airway Obstruction, a highly prevalent equine respiratory disease. Improvement of health quality of forages for horse feeding could reduce its prevalence, but requires identifying its determinant factors. Therefore, different forages produced experimentally from a permanent grassland in 2007 and 2008, using different agricultural practices and contrasting climatic conditions were analyzed for previously cited aeroallergens. Some agricultural practices (cutting too low, late tossing, insufficient drying before baling) or rainfall during harvesting lead to a decrease in health quality leading to an increase in dust, molds dominated by Aspergillus and Penicillium genera with, sometimes species potentially toxinogen such as Aspergillus fumigatus, and a potential accumulation of endotoxins and zearalenone. Barn drying, haylage or the use of hay preservatives, such as propionic acid on moist hay, improve significantly the forage health quality. The analysis of forages single-species or those found on the market for horses suggests that floristic composition of temporary grassland could constitute a supplementary way of improvement. This work as a whole is the subject of discussion and opens research perspectives at both fundamental and applied levels
Bordjiba, Ouahiba. "Effets des pesticides sur la microflore fongique du sol : biodégradation des herbicides par les souches isolées." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003GRE18006.
Full textMorin-Sardin, Stéphanie. "Etudes physiologiques et moléculaires de l'adaptation des Mucor aux matrices fromagères." Thesis, Brest, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BRES0065/document.
Full textIn the cheese industry context, Mucor species exhibit an ambivalent behavior, as some species are essential technological organisms contributing to the required organoleptic characteristics of some cheeses while some others can be spoiling agents. The present study aimed at better understanding this ambivalence and investigating the putative adaptation mechanisms to cheese existing in Mucor technological species. Morphology and radial growth of 7 representative Mucor species: technological, contaminant and non-cheese related (plant endophyte) species were monitored on different media (synthetic, cheese-mimicking media and cheese) in function of key parameters for cheese manufacture (temperature, aw, pH). Cardinal values were determined on synthetic medium and as a result a predictive model was proposed and validated on cheese matrices for the temperature parameter. Interestingly, cheese technological species exhibited higher optimal growth rates on cheese related matrices than on synthetic media, while the opposite was observed for non-technological species. A comparative proteomic approach allowed unraveling the main metabolic pathways playing a role in growth of 4 of the 7 studied strains on both synthetic medium and cheese-mimicking medium. This proteomic study also highlighted the occurrence of 35 proteins specifically expressed by the technological strains M. lanceolatus UBOCC-A-109153 on the cheese-mimicking medium. Putative competitive and adaptative advantages of these hypothetical adaptation markers will be tested through additional investigations
Bois, Grégory. "Écophysiologie de semis de conifères ectomycorhizés en milieu salin et sodique." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/18123.
Full textThe physiological response of inoculated ectomycorrhizal (ECM) white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) and jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) seedlings to sodic stress was evaluated to determine the benefits of inoculation for growth and survival. These experiments served the improvement of nursery seedling production for revegetation of reconstructed soils from tailing sands originating from the oil sand mining in Northeastern Alberta (Canada). In a first step, we showed that the inoculum potential of reconstructed soils of different ages and materials used in soil reconstruction was very low or null. In a second step, the resistance and physiological response of five ecto- and ectendomycorrhizal fungal species (Hymenoscyphus sp., Phialocephala sp., Suillus tomentosus (Kauff.) Sing., Snell and Dick, Laccaria bicolor (Maire) Orton, Hebeloma crustuliniforme (Bull) Quel.) from different sources were assessed in vitro. Finally, white spruce and jack pine seedlings inoculated in greenhouse with the three ECM fungi evaluated in vitro were exposed to different concentrations of NaCl. Using several physiological indicators, mycobionts were showed to influence host response to a given NaCl concentration. Under sodic conditions, inoculation with an isolate of S. tomentosus from a saline and sodic site increased seedling biomass production and inoculation with an isolate of H. crustuliniforme increased seedling osmotic adjustment capabilities. The latter two fungi are potential candidates for tree nursery inoculation.
Dassonville, Claire. "Evaluation de l'environnement domestique de nouveau-nés franciliens." Paris 5, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA05P618.
Full textThe aim of our study was to estimate the levels of biological contaminants and chemical pollutants in the indoor air and then to identify their determinants. We carried out an environmental study in 196 dwellings of newborn babies recruited from a birth cohort, combining questionnaire and repeated measurements. Biological contaminants concentrations (endotoxins, fungi, house dust mites) were low, close to background level. As for aldehydes, levels were in line with previous studies. Analysis also helped to highlight the housing factors associated with aldehyde concentrations in homes: apart from comfort and aeration parameters, the main indoor aldehyde sources were either continuous (age and type of building materials and coverings), or discontinuous (smoking, use of air fresheners and cleaning products, DIY. . . ). However not possible for airborne biological contaminants, the extrapolation of theses models to the whole infants’ cohort may be interesting for aldehydes
Delanoe, Antoine. "Etude CLIMATOX : contribution à la caractérisation des bioaérosols d'habitats dégradés par les moisissures et à l'évaluation de leurs effets sur la santé." Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMC279/document.
Full textAir quality in houses is a major concern in Europe, as people spend most of their time indoors. According to the WHO, numerous houses are exposed to dampness that can lead to mold growth, causing health and economic damages.In this work, a global approach including both field study and laboratory experimentations was used to characterize the human exposure to bioaerosols in mold-damaged houses, to study their health effects on inhabitants and to propose a diagnostic process that could be applied to mold-damaged houses. We showed the recurrence of several fungal species, specifically Aspergillus versicolor, Penicillium chrysogenum and P. crustosum, which could be used as microbial indicators of airborne fungal contamination. In addition, our statistical analyses showed relations between the concentrations of recurrent molds in air and the levels of surface contamination by molds proposed by ANSES. Statistical link has also been found between mold exposure and respiratory or cutaneous symptoms described by the inhabitants. A cytotoxic potential evaluation of bioaerosols collected in these mold-damaged houses allowed to highlight a relation between the responses observed for the two cell lines (pulmonary A549 and cutaneous HaCaT).From a methodological point of view, qPCR coupled with flow cytometry appears to be a fast and reliable method that can be correlated to cultural approach, allowing to monitor the human exposure to Aspergillus versicolor in mold-damaged buildings. Eight recurrent fungal species identified in bioaerosols were also selected for a study in a climatic chamber that showed the effects of temperature and relative humidity on fungal growth and toxinogenic potential
Denis, Sylvain. "Dégradation de la caféine par "Aspergillus sp. " et "Penicillium sp. " : étude physiologique et biochimique." Montpellier 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996MON20053.
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