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Academic literature on the topic 'Champignons phytopathogènes – Résistance aux fongicides'
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Journal articles on the topic "Champignons phytopathogènes – Résistance aux fongicides"
Rouxel, T. "Les phytoalexines et leur intervention dans la résistance hypersensible aux champignons phytopathogènes." Agronomie 9, no. 6 (1989): 529–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/agro:19890601.
Full textAdamou, Issa, Zakari Abdoul Habou, Moussa S. Hassimi, Salamatou M. Mamane, and Toudou Adam. "Effet des huiles de pourghère (Jatropha curcas L.) et de neem (Azadirachta indica</ A. Juss) sur le développement in vitro des champignons pathogènes Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Curvularia lunata, Fusarium oxysporum et Rhizopus oryzae." International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 14, no. 4 (August 17, 2020): 1282–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v14i4.10.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Champignons phytopathogènes – Résistance aux fongicides"
Avenot, Hervé. "Variabilité au sein de l'espèce fongique phytopathogène Alternaria brassicicola : analyse au niveau d'un marqueur sélectionné de type résistance aux fongicides et de marqueurs neutres de type microsatellites." Angers, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ANGE0033.
Full textAlternaria brassicicola causes blackspot disease of crucifers worldwide. This disease is seed-borne and responsible for important yield losses. Field isolates of A. Brassicicola highly resistant to dicarboximide and phenylpyrroles fungicides have been identified. These isolates are still pathogenic to host plants and most of them are more sensitive to osmotic stress than wild type strains. To elucidate the molecular basis of the osmosensitive and dicarboximide/phenylpyrrole-resistant phenotypes, an osmosensing histidine kinase gene AbNIK1 was isolated from a fungicide-sensitive isolate and its sequence compared with corresponding sequences from fungicide-resistant isolates. All the fungicide-resistant strains displaying a osmosensitive phenotype were found to have null mutations in the AbNIK1 gene. To investigate the effects of AbNIK1 null mutations on their fitness, these strains were inoculated on radish under field conditions. Quality controls of produced seeds revealed that null mutants are strongly affected in their competitivity towards wild type strains in the absence of selective pressure. In parallel, the genetic diversity within the species A. Brassicicola was estimated. Twelve polymorphic microsatellite loci were identified and used to analyze a population of strains with various geographic origins. In agreement with the lifestyle of this fungus (absence of sexual reproduction and seed transmission) a relatively weak polymorphism (3. 5 alleles per locus) and an absence of population structuration were observed
Garnault, Maxime. "Étude de l’évolution des résistances aux fongicides chez Zymoseptoria tritici, agent de la septoriose du blé, et quantification multi-échelle de ses déterminants." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLA030.
Full textSeptoria leaf blotch is a major wheat disease caused by the pathogenic fungus Zymoseptoria tritici. It can induce yield losses up to 50%. The control of this pathogen relies on cultivar resistance, cultural control but mostly on the use of fungicides. However, the sustainability of chemical control is threatened by the emergence of resistant mutants, i.e. individuals with decreased sensitivity to one or several active ingredients. When resistance factors and/or resistance frequencies are high in populations, chemical control efficacy can be jeopardized. Therefore, the dose and/or the number of sprays may have to be increased in order to ensure the same level of crop protection. Resistance management thus appears crucial to reduce pesticide use, in line with the vision of a more sustainable agriculture that is less dependent on chemical inputs.The Performance network (Arvalis-INRA) has been created in 2004 to provide regional and annual recommendations for the use of anti-septoria fungicides. In 2017, it gathered information from 1007 wheat trials, distributed in the various French cereal basins. These trials were designed to determine the efficacy of different spray programs and their ability to manage resistance. In this thesis, we decided to analyze the Performance dataset as a whole, to understand the determinants of resistance evolution at the regional and field scales. To achieve this, we developed statistical models to quantify the effect of several factors on the observed resistance frequencies from both treated and untreated plots.First, we highlighted and quantified the heterogeneity of resistance selection towards 3 modes of action at the regional scale. Growth rates estimates showed that the different resistances evolved at significantly different rates, with much higher rates for the resistance to strobilurins. We detected contrasted resistance evolutions within the French regions, with a clear disparity between the North and the South of France. Then, we explained these heterogeneities using (i) the regional use of fungicides (i.e. selection pressure), (ii) the proportion of untreated surfaces (i.e. refuges), (iii) yield losses related to septoria leaf blotch (i.e. population size of the pathogen). We showed that fungicide use was a major factor in the observed variability (up to 87 %). Finally, we studied at the field scale the effect of fungicide mixture and dose reduction on selection, which are common anti-resistance strategies used by farmers. We showed that selection is slowed down by the diversity of fungicides used (intra- and inter-mode of action diversity). In addition, as previously at the regional scale, we estimated how the amount of fungicide applied to a plot modulates the selection of different resistances.To conclude, we described, quantified and produced a reference framework to study of large-scale resistance evolution. In addition, we also compared the sustainability of two major anti-resistance strategies at the field scale. These analyses were carried out on spatial and temporal scales unprecedented in the scientific literature. The methods developed are not specific to Z. tritici and our results can be used to improve the prediction of resistance, which is essential to change chemical control practices in agriculture
Manga, Bella. "Etude de la diversité de "Colletotrichum kahawae" responsable de l'anthracnose des baies et caractérisation de la résistance du caféier Arabica à cet agent pathogène." Montpellier 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999MON20088.
Full textRoy, Sébastien. "Mise en évidence et caractérisation d'une activité phospholipase dans le tabac (Nicotiana tabacum) au cours de l'interaction avec un champignon phytopathogène, Phytophthora parasitica var. Nicotianae." Toulouse 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995TOU30091.
Full textHugot, Karine. "Mécanismes de défense des plantes et acquisition de résistance aux champignons pathogènes : caractérisation d'effecteurs apoplastiques et étude du mode d'action de la RNase NE." Nice, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000NICE5480.
Full textLalève, Anaïs. "Impacts biochimiques et biologiques de mutations dans le gène sdhB codant la sous-unité B de la succinate déshydrogénase chez le champignon phytopathogène Botrytis cinerea." Thesis, Paris 11, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA112077.
Full textSuccinate dehydrogenase is both a key enzyme of the TCA cycle, oxidizing succinate into fumarate and complex II of the mitochondrial respiratory chain involved in electron transfer and ubiquinone reduction. Inhibitors of this enzyme (SDHIs) have been developed or are in the developmental process as fungicides. Actually, SDHIs are registered to deal with Botrytis cinerea, a phytopathogenic fungus responsible for grey mold on many crops including grapevine. Strains of B. cinerea and other pathogenic fungi have been isolated for their resistance to SDHI. They mainly harbor mutations in genes encoding SDH subunits. During this thesis, we studied the impact of mutations modifying subunit B of succinate dehydrogenase on enzyme activity, fungal biology and resistance to SDHIs. “Isogenic” mutants obtained through site-directed mutagenesis and homologous recombination allowed us to confirm the role of sdhB mutations in SDHIs resistance. Our results also show that the substitutions in the SdhB subunit impact respectively the affinity of SDHIs to SDH and the inhibition levels of SDH activity by inhibitors, which explain – in fine – the resistance spectra observed for the mutants. Up to now, all sdhB mutants are resistant to boscalid and the most frequent mutants observed in grapevines, sdhBH272R/Y, are susceptible to fluopyram. Studies on sdhB mutants reveal that the mutations also impact the enzymatic activity and the fungal development depending on the substitution. In particular, sdhBH272L/R mutations have the strongest impact on enzyme activity and the fitness of the fungus, whereas these parameters are almost not altered in the sdhBH272Y mutant. Finally, grey mold populations from different origins (country, plant host) were analyzed for their SDHI resistance pheno- and genotypes. Yet, the sdhBH272R/Y mutants were the most frequent, but these frequencies varied according to the agronomical situation. Interestingly, the frequencies of the sdhBH272R mutant seem to increase with the selective pressure exerted by fungicides. This mutant is of particular interest because of the absence of correlation between the fitness we measured and the frequencies we observed in natura
Alignan, Marion. "Phoma du tournesol : déterminisme de la tolérance de l'hôte à la maladie." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2006. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/7456/1/alignan.pdf.
Full textBahmed, Karim. "Teneur de la chitine des parois, relation avec la résistance des levures à l'amphotéricine B." Nancy 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003NAN12505.
Full textHolguin, Melendez Francisco. "Contribution à la recherche d'une résistance durable du caféier (Coffea spp. ) à la rouille orangée (Hemileia vastatrix Berk. Et Br. ). Etude de la variabilité génétique du pathogène." Montpellier 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993MON20199.
Full textBousta, Faisl. "Amélioration de la rétention par le bois des sels d'ammonium quaternaire et conséquences sur la résistance à l'attaque des champignons : Etude du comportement, face aux basidiomycètes, du bois greffé par des motifs acyles à longue chaîne carbonée." Nancy I, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998NAN10235.
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