Academic literature on the topic 'Chan ye zheng ce'

The Leptobrachium genus is currently composed of 36 species distributed in Southern China, India, islands of the Sunda Shelf, and the Philippines (Frost 2019). In China, 11 species of the genus Leptobrachium are currently known (AmphibiaChina 2019), of which, the following nine are Chinese endemic: L. bompu (Sondhi & Ohler 2011), L. boringii (Liu 1945), L. guangxiense (Fei, Mo, Ye & Jiang 2009), L. hainanense (Ye & Fei 1993), L. huashen (Fei & Ye 2005), L. leishanense (Liu & Hu 1973), L. liui (Pope 1947), L. promustache (Rao, Wilkinson & Zhang 2006) and L. tengchongense (Yang, Wang & Chan 2016). These species have different morphologies, narrow distribution areas, and their taxonomy is subject to controversy (AmphibiaChina 2019). The megophryid genus Leptobrachium was considered to contain two subgenera Vibrissaphora and Leptobrachium (Matsui et al. 2010). Five Leptobrachium species, L. ailaonicum, L. boringii, L. leishanense, L. liui, and L. promustache, were originally classified as Vibrissaphora, based on adult males bearing spines on the upper lip (Fei & Ye 2016). However, recent phylogenetic studies showed that Vibrissaphora was not a subgenus and placed within the genus Leptobrachium (Zheng et al. 2008; Matsui et al. 2010).

This article argues for a reconsideration of how we categorize individual attempts at sanjiao heyi-style syntheses and characterize the broader late sixteenth-century milieu that nourished such attempts. In Zeng Zheng Kunyan bieyan 贈鄭昆嚴別言 (Parting Words for Zheng Kunyan), Huang Hui 黃輝 (1555–1612) synthesized a highly selective number of Chan Buddhist and Yangming Confucian ideas to create a path to self-cultivation rooted in the interstitial dialogue between the branch of third-generation Yangming Confucians headed by Zhou Rudeng 周汝登 (1547–1629) and the Buddhist teachings expounded by the monk Zhuhong 袾宏 (1535–1615). Unlike Confucian scholars who wrote polemical sanjiao heyi texts, Huang was an enthusiastic synthesizer intent on benefiting from both Buddhist and Confucian traditions. A close analysis of his work offers one illustration of how such syntheses were constructed while further revealing the broader philosophical discourse generated by Huang’s circle. Cet article invite à reconsidérer la façon dont sont catégorisées les tentatives individuelles de synthèse entre les “trois religions” (sanjiao heyi) et dont on décrit plus généralement le milieu qui produisait ce genre de tentative à la fin du xvie siècle. Dans ses Paroles d’adieu pour Zheng Kunyan (Zeng Zheng Kunyan bieyan 贈鄭昆嚴別言), Huang Hui 黃輝 (1555–1612) synthétise un certain nombre d’idées soigneusement choisies au sein du bouddhisme chan et du confucianisme de l’école de Wang Yangming pour inventer une voie de perfectionnement moral enracinée dans le dialogue interstitiel entre le groupe de la troisième génération des disciples de Wang Yangming mené par Zhou Rudeng 周汝登 (1547–1629) et les enseignements bouddhistes du moine Zhuhong 袾宏 (1535–1615). Contrairement aux lettrés confucéens qui produisaient des textes polémiques sur les trois religions, Huang se révèle un ardent partisan de la synthèse et cherche à tirer parti des deux traditions, bouddhiste et confucéenne. L’examen attentif de son œuvre illustre la façon dont de telles synthèses étaient édifiées, tout en mettant en évidence le discours philosophique plus général émanant du cercle auquel appartenait Huang.

Açıkel, Ü., Erşan, M., & Sağ Açıkel, Y. 2010. Optimization of critical medium components using response surface methodology for lipase production by Rhizopus delemar. Food and Bioproducts Processing, 88(1), 31-39. doi: https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.fbp.2009.08.003Carniel, N., Dallago, R. M., Dariva, C., Bender, J. P., Nunes, A. L., Zanella, O., . . . Luiz Priamo, W. 2017. Microwave‐assisted extraction of phenolic acids and flavonoids from Physalis angulata. Journal of Food Process Engineering, 40(3), e12433.Chahyadi, A., & Elfahmi. 2020. The influence of extraction methods on rutin yield of cassava leaves (Manihot esculenta Crantz). Saudi pharmaceutical journal, 28(11), 1466-1473. doi: https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.jsps.2020.09.012De Luna, S. L. R., Ramírez-Garza, R., & Saldívar, S. O. S. 2020. Environmentally Friendly Methods for Flavonoid Extraction from Plant Material: Impact of Their Operating Conditions on Yield and Antioxidant Properties. The Scientific World Journal, 2020.Ferreira, S. C., Bruns, R., Ferreira, H., Matos, G., David, J., Brandão, G., . . . Souza, A. 2007. Box-Behnken design: an alternative for the optimization of analytical methods. Analytica chimica acta, 597(2), 179-186.He, Q., Li, Y., Zhang, P., Zhang, A., & Wu, H. 2016. Optimisation of microwave-assisted extraction of flavonoids and phenolics from celery (Apium graveolens L.) leaves by response surface methodology. Czech Journal of Food Sciences, 34(4), 341-349.Hyun, S. B., Ko, M. N., & Hyun, C.-G. 2021. Carica papaya leaf water extract promotes innate immune response via mapk signaling pathways. Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry, 64(3), 277-284.Khadam, S., Afzal, U., Gul, H., Hira, S., Satti, M., Yaqub, A., . . . Gulfraz, M. 2019. Phytochemical screening and bioactivity assessment of leaves and fruits extract of Carica papaya. Pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences, 32(5).Latiff, N., Ong, P. Y., Abdullah, L. C., Abd Rashid, S. N. A., Fauzi, N. A. M., & Amin, N. A. M. 2021. Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction (UAE) for Enhanced Recovery of Bioactive Phenolic Compounds From Cosmos Caudatus Leaves.Li, Y., Radoiu, M., Fabiano-Tixier, A.-S., & Chemat, F. 2013. From Laboratory to Industry: Scale-up of Microwave-Assisted Reactors, Quality and Safety Consideration for Microwave-Assisted Extraction. In (pp. 207-229).Ling, Y. Y., Fun, P. S., Yeop, A., Yusoff, M. M., & Gimbun, J. 2019. Assessment of maceration, ultrasonic and microwave assisted extraction for total phenolic content, total flavonoid content and kaempferol yield from Cassia alata via microstructures analysis. Materials Today: Proceedings, 19, 1273-1279.Liu, H.-L., Lan, Y.-W., & Cheng, Y.-C. 2004. Optimal production of sulphuric acid by Thiobacillus thiooxidans using response surface methodology. Process Biochemistry, 39(12), 1953-1961. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procbio.2003.09.018Liu, Y., Wei, S., & Liao, M. 2013. Optimization of ultrasonic extraction of phenolic compounds from Euryale ferox seed shells using response surface methodology. Industrial Crops and Products, 49, 837-843.Lu, X., Zheng, Z., Li, H., Cao, R., Zheng, Y., Yu, H., . . . Zheng, B. 2017. Optimization of ultrasonic-microwave assisted extraction of oligosaccharides from lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.) seeds. Industrial Crops and Products, 107, 546-557.Machado, I., Faccio, R., & Pistón, M. 2019. Characterization of the effects involved in ultrasound-assisted extraction of trace elements from artichoke leaves and soybean seeds. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, 59, 104752.Maisarah, A., Amira, N. B., Asmah, R., & Fauziah, O. 2013. Antioxidant analysis of different parts of Carica papaya. International Food Research Journal, 20(3), 1043.Martino, E., Ramaiola, I., Urbano, M., Bracco, F., & Collina, S. 2006. Microwave-assisted extraction of coumarin and related compounds from Melilotus officinalis (L.) Pallas as an alternative to Soxhlet and ultrasound-assisted extraction. Journal of Chromatography A, 1125(2), 147-151.Ming, R., Yu, Q., & Moore, P. 2007. Sex determination in papaya. Seminars in cell & developmental biology, 18, 401-408. doi:10.1016/j.semcdb.2006.11.013Mohammadpour, H., Sadrameli, S. M., Eslami, F., & Asoodeh, A. 2019. Optimization of ultrasound-assisted extraction of Moringa peregrina oil with response surface methodology and comparison with Soxhlet method. Industrial Crops and Products, 131, 106-116. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2019.01.030Nor, M., Manan, Z. A., Mustaffa, A., & Lee, S. 2017. Solubility prediction of flavonoids using new developed UNIFAC-based model. Chemical Engineering Transactions, 56, 799-804.Oreopoulou, A., Tsimogiannis, D., & Oreopoulou, V. 2019. Extraction of polyphenols from aromatic and medicinal plants: an overview of the methods and the effect of extraction parameters. Polyphenols in plants, 243-259.Poureini, F., Mohammadi, M., Najafpour, G. D., & Nikzad, M. 2020. Comparative study on the extraction of apigenin from parsley leaves (Petroselinum crispum L.) by ultrasonic and microwave methods. Chemical Papers, 74(11), 3857-3871.Rabska, M., Pers-Kamczyc, E., Żytkowiak, R., Adamczyk, D., & Iszkuło, G. 2020. Sexual Dimorphism in the Chemical Composition of Male and Female in the Dioecious Tree, Juniperus communis L., Growing under Different Nutritional Conditions. Int J Mol Sci, 21(21). doi:10.3390/ijms21218094Radoiu, M., Splinter, S., & Popek, T. 2019. Continuous industrial-scale microwave-assisted extraction of high-value ingredients from natural biomass. Paper presented at the AMPERE 2019. 17th International Conference on Microwave and High Frequency Heating.Rasul, M. G. 2018. Conventional Extraction Methods Use in Medicinal Plants, their Advantages and Disadvantages. Int J Basic Sciences App Computing, 2(6), 10-14.Sarker, M. M. R., Khan, F., & Mohamed, I. N. 2021. Dengue Fever: Therapeutic Potential of Carica papaya L. Leaves. Frontiers in pharmacology, 12, 610912-610912. doi:10.3389/fphar.2021.610912Satari, A., Ghasemi, S., Habtemariam, S., Asgharian, S., & Lorigooini, Z. 2021. Rutin: A Flavonoid as an Effective Sensitizer for Anticancer Therapy; Insights into Multifaceted Mechanisms and Applicability for Combination Therapy. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2021, 9913179. doi:10.1155/2021/9913179See, T. Y., Tee, S. I., Ang, T. N., Chan, C.-H., Yusoff, R., & Ngoh, G. C. 2016. Assessment of Various Pretreatment and Extraction Methods for the Extraction of Bioactive Compounds from Orthosiphon stamineus Leaf via Microstructures Analysis. International Journal of Food Engineering, 12(7), 711-717. doi:doi:10.1515/ijfe-2016-0094Ying, Z., Han, X., & Li, J. 2011. Ultrasound-assisted extraction of polysaccharides from mulberry leaves. Food Chemistry, 127(3), 1273-1279.Zhang, Q.-W., Lin, L.-G., & Ye, W.-C. 2018. Techniques for extraction and isolation of natural products: A comprehensive review. Chinese medicine, 13(1), 1-26.

Introdução: O padrão ouro atual para detectar o RNA de SARS-CoV-2 é por reação em cadeia da polimerase em tempo real de transcrição reversa (RT-rtPCR) em swabs nasofaríngeos (NPS). Por esse motivo, a demanda pelos NPS aumentou e sua escassez se tornou uma realidade em muitos países. Com isso o uso da saliva se mostra uma alternativa promissora na triagem epidemiológica além de ser de fácil coleta e não invasiva. Objetivo: realizar uma revisão sistemática da literatura para avaliar o uso da saliva como um espécime alternativo para a detecção de SARS-CoV-2. Metodologia: A pesquisa sistemática foi realizada em sete bancos de dados (PubMed, Cochrane Library, Lilacs, Scielo, Web of Science, Scopus e Google Scholar) usando a variação dos termos de pesquisa (COVID-19 OR SARS-CoV-2 OR 2019-nCoV) AND "Saliva" no ano de 2020, recuperando 5480 publicações. Resultados: Após a leitura dos títulos e resumos, 411 textos foram conduzidos para leitura integral e 30 publicações foram consideradas para avaliação qualitativa do artigo. Conclusão: A saliva se apresenta um método alternativo eficaz para a detecção de SARS-CoV-2 e diagnóstico de COVID-19.Descritores: Infecções por Coronavírus; Betacoronavirus; Saliva; Diagnóstico.ReferênciasHuang C, Wang Y, Li X, Ren L, Zhao J, Hu Y, et al. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet. 2020;395:497-506.Wang L, Wang Y, Ye D, Liu Q. A review of the 2019 Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) based on current evidence. J Antimicrob Agents 2020;105948.Zhu N, Zhang D, Wang W, Li X, Yang B, Song J, et al. A Novel Coronavirus from Patients with Pneumonia in China, 2019. N Engl J Med 2020;382:727-733.Coronaviridae Study Group of the International Committee on Taxonomy of V. 2020. The species Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus: classifying 2019-nCoV and naming it SARS-CoV-2. Nat Microbiol. 2020;5:536-544.Lauer SA, Grantz KH, Bi Q, Jones FK, Zheng Q, Meredith HR, et al. The incubation period of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) from publicly reported confirmed cases: estimation and application. Ann Intern Med. 2020;172:577-82.To KK, Tsang OT, Chik-Yan Yip C, Chan KH, Wu TC, Chan JMC, et al. Consistent detection of 2019 novel coronavirus in saliva. Clin Infect Dis. 2020;149:5734265.Xu R, Cui B, Duan X, Zhang P, Zhou X, Yuan Q. Saliva: potential diagnostic value and transmission of 2019-nCoV. Int J Oral Sci. 2020;12:11.Khurshid Z, Asiri FYI, Al Wadaani H. Human Saliva: Non-Invasive Fluid for Detecting Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV). Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17.Khurshid Z, Zohaib S, Najeeb S, Zafar MS, Slowey PD, Almas K. Human Saliva Collection Devices for Proteomics: An Update. Int J Mol Sci. 2016;17.Principais itens para relatar Revisões sistemáticas e Meta-análises: A recomendação PRISMA. Epidemiol. E Serviços Saúde 2015;24:335–42.Abdul MSM, Fatima U, Khanna SS, Bhanot R, Sharma A, Srivastava AP. Oral Manifestations of Covid-19-Are they the introductory symptoms?. J Adv Dent Sci Res. 2020;8:5.Azzi L, Carcano G, Dalla Gasperina D, Sessa F, Maurino V, Baj A. Two cases of COVID-19 with positive salivary and negative pharyngeal or respiratory swabs at hospital discharge: A rising concern. Oral Dis. 2020;00:1-3.Azzi L, Carcano G, Gianfagna F, Grossi P, Dalla Gasperina D, Genoni A, et al. Saliva is a reliable tool to detect SARS-CoV-2. J Infect. 2020;81:45-50.Becker D, Sandoval E, Amin A, De Hoff P, Leonetti N, Lim YW, et al. Saliva is less sensitive than nasopharyngeal swabs for COVID-19 detection in the community setting. medRxiv. 2020;20092338.Braz-Silva PH, Pallos D, Giannecchini S, To KKW. SARS-CoV-2: What can saliva tell us?. Oral Dis. 2020;13365.Chan JFW, Yip CCY, To KKW, Tang THC, Wong SCY, Leung KH, et al. Improved molecular diagnosis of COVID-19 by the novel, highly sensitive and specific COVID-19-RdRp/Hel real-time reverse transcription-PCR assay validated in vitro and with clinical specimens. J Clin Microbiol. 2020;58:5.Chen L, Zhao J, Peng J, Li X, Deng X, Geng Z, et al. Detection of 2019-nCoV in saliva and characterization of oral symptoms in COVID-19 patients. Lancet. 2020;3556665.Cheng VC, Wong SC, Chen JH, Yip CC, Chuang VW, Tsang OT, et al. Escalating infection control response to the rapidly evolving epidemiology of the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) due to SARS-CoV-2 in Hong Kong. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2020;41:493-498.Han P, Ivanovski S. Saliva—Friend and Foe in the COVID-19 Outbreak. Diagn. 2020;10:290.Iwasaki S, Fujisawa S, Nakakubo S, Kamada K, Yamashita Y, Fukumoto T, et al. Comparison of SARS-CoV-2 detection in nasopharyngeal swab and saliva. J Infect. 2020;20:30349.Krajewska J, Krajewski W, Zub K, Zatoński T. COVID-19 in otolaryngologist practice: a review of current knowledge. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2020;1-13.Lalli MA, Chen X, Langmade SJ, Fronick CC, Sawyer CS, Burcea LC, et al. Rapid and extraction-free detection of SARS-CoV-2 from saliva with colorimetric LAMP. medRxiv. 2020;7273276.Li X, Geng M, Peng Y, Meng L, Lu S. Molecular immune pathogenesis and diagnosis of COVID-19. J Pharm Anal. 2020;10:101-108.Li H, Liu SM, Yu XH, Tang SL, Tang CK. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): current status and future perspective. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2020;105951.McCormick-Baw C, Morgan K, Gaffney D, Cazares Y, Jaworski K, Byrd A, et al. Saliva as an Alternate Specimen Source for Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in Symptomatic Patients Using Cepheid Xpert Xpress SARS-CoV-2. J Clin Microbiol. 2020;01109-20.Pasomsub E, Watcharananan SP, Boonyawat K, Janchompoo P, Wongtabtim G, Suksuwan W, et al. Saliva sample as a non-invasive specimen for the diagnosis of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19): a cross-sectional study. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2020;20302780.Sabino-Silva R, Jardim ACG, Siqueira WL. Coronavirus COVID-19 impacts to dentistry and potential salivary diagnosis. Clinical oral investigations. 2020;1-3.Sapkota D, Thapa SB, Hasséus B, Jensen JL. Saliva testing for COVID-19?. BDJ. 2020;228:658-659.Sharma S, Kumar V, Chawla A, Logani A. Rapid detection of SARS-CoV-2 in saliva: Can an endodontist take the lead in point-of-care COVID-19 testing?. Int Endod J. 2020;13317.Tang YW, Schmitz JE, Persing DH, Stratton CW. Laboratory Diagnosis of COVID-19: Current Issues and Challenges. J Clin Microbiol. 2020;58(6).Tatikonda SS, Reshu P, Hanish A, Konkati S, Madham S. A Review of Salivary Diagnostics and Its Potential Implication in Detection of Covid-19. Cureus. 2020;12(4).To KKW, Tsang OTY, Leung WS, Tam AR, Wu TC, Lung DC, et al. Temporal profiles of viral load in posterior oropharyngeal saliva samples and serum antibody responses during infection by SARS-CoV-2: an observational cohort study. Lancet Infect Dis. 2020;20:565-574.Vinayachandran D, Saravanakarthikeyan B. Salivary diagnostics in COVID-19: Future research implications. J Dent Sci. 2020;7177105.Williams E, Bond K, Zhang B, Putland M, Williamson DA. Saliva as a non-invasive specimen for detection of SARS-CoV-2. J Clin Microbiol. 2020;00776-20.Wyllie AL, Fournier J, Casanovas-Massana A, Campbell M, Tokuyama M, Vijayakumar P, et al. Saliva is more sensitive for SARS-CoV-2 detection in COVID-19 patients than nasopharyngeal swabs. Medrxiv. 2020;20067835.Yoon JG, Yoon J, Song JY, Yoon SY, Lim CS, Seong H, et al. Clinical Significance of a High SARS-CoV-2 Viral Load in the Saliva. J Korean Med Sci. 2020;35(20).Zheng S, Yu F, Fan J, Zou Q, Xie G, Yang X, et al. Saliva as a Diagnostic Specimen for SARS-CoV-2 by a PCR-Based Assay: A Diagnostic Validity Study. Lancet. 2020;3543605.Zhong F, Liang Y, Xu J, Chu M, Tang G, Hu F, et al. Continuously High Detection Sensitivity of Saliva, Viral Shedding in Salivary Glands and High Viral Load in Patients with COVID-19. Lancet. 2020;3576869.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a novel coronavirus , is causing a serious worldwide COVID-19 pandemic. The emergence of strains with rapid spread and unpredictable changes is the cause of the increase in morbidity and mortality rates. A number of drugs as well as vaccines are currently being used to relieve symptoms, prevent and treat the disease caused by this virus. However, the number of approved drugs is still very limited due to their effectiveness and side effects. In such a situation, medicinal plants and bioactive compounds are considered a highly valuable source in the development of new antiviral drugs against SARS-CoV-2. This review summarizes medicinal plants and bioactive compounds that have been shown to act on molecular targets involved in the infection and replication of SARS-CoV-2. Keywords: Medicinal plants, bioactive compounds, antivirus, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 References [1] R. Lu, X. Zhao, J. Li, P. Niu, B. Yang, H. 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