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Choi, Ji Ah, and Ji Seong Jang. "Modeling and Verification of Pressure Control Valve Considering Phase Change of CO₂." Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers - B 44, no. 9 (September 30, 2020): 557–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3795/ksme-b.2020.44.9.557.
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Mandal, Prakas Kumar, Supriyo Sarkar, Malay Kumar Ghosh, and Maitreyee Bhattacharyya. "Simultaneous dual pathology in lymph node." Mediterranean Journal of Hematology and Infectious Diseases 6, no. 1 (May 31, 2014): e2014036. http://dx.doi.org/10.4084/mjhid.2014.036.
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[Abstract]Tubercuous lymphadenitis and Non Hodgkins’ Lymphoma are common in India. As both diseases can occur in elderly persons there is a definite chance of co-existence of both diseases; but that coexistence has not been reported. Here we present a unique case in an elderly woman who had synchronous double pathology of tuberculosis (TB) and Diffuse Large B cell Lymphoma (DLBCL) of the lymph nodes. Key words:- lymph nodes, tuberculosis (TB), Diffuse Large B cell Lymphoma (DLBCL).
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Li, Feng, Wenxi Zhu, Jinrong Liang, Hua Song, Keliang Wang, and Cuiqin Li. "Carbon Nanotube-Supported Amorphous Co–B for Hydrogenation of M-chloronitrobenzene." Journal of Chemical Research 42, no. 3 (March 2018): 170–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3184/174751918x15222671415597.
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A series of carbon nanotube (CNT)-supported amorphous Co–B alloy catalysts were prepared by selectively depositing Co–B particles inside and/or outside of CNTs. The effects of the nanotubular structure on the physiochemical properties of the amorphous Co–B alloys were studied. It was found that the internal loading enhanced the thermal stability of the amorphous Co–B alloys and inhibited the loss of Co compared with the external loading. The internal loading also increased the proportion of elemental Co in the Co–B alloys, while the loading method did not change the valence states of either Co or B. The internally loaded Co–B particles exhibited higher hydrogenation activity for m-chloronitrobenzene ( m-CNB) than the externally loaded analogue. The kinetics of m-CNB hydrogenation were also studied.
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Nair, Gulsiv, Kavitha R. Dinesh, and P. M. Shamsul Karim. "Microbiological Characterization and Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of Haemophilus Influenzae Isolates from a Tertiary Care Centre in South India." Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology 14, no. 3 (September 17, 2020): 2105–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.22207/jpam.14.3.51.
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Haemophilus are fastidious Gram negative bacilli, which require factor X (hemin), factor V (NAD), or both for their growth. Haemophilus influenzae is the type species, and is considered to be the most pathogenic. They are associated with many invasive infections including meningitis, epiglottitis, pneumonia, and otitis media. Serotype b is most commonly associated with infections. Haemophilus species isolated from patients in a tertiary care centre in South India were studied. Identification, serotyping and biotyping were done and antibiotic susceptibility test was performed. The incidence of H. influenzae infections in our study was 65.3 cases/100,000 persons. Serotype b was the most common (66.67%), followed by non typeable H.influenzae (NTHi) (25%). Most isolates from adults were type b, while all isolates from pediatric population were non typeable. The most common biotype was type II, followed by type I and type III. Three of 24 isolates were β lactamase producers (12.5%). One isolate was β lactamase negative Ampicillin resistant (BLNAR). Resistance to ampicillin was 16.67%. Resistance to cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones was low (4-10%). Co-trimoxazole resistance was found to be very high (75%). All isolates were susceptible to azithromycin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol and meropenem. No isolates of H.influenzae type b were obtained from the paediatric population which may be due to the introduction of Hib vaccine. The increase in resistance to commonly used antibiotics is worrisome, especially penicillins and co-trimoxazole. Use of co-trimoxazole in empirical therapy of upper and lower respiratory tract infections has a high chance of failure in the current scenario.
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Chen, Bing-Fang, Chun-Jen Liu, Guey-Mei Jow, Pei-Jer Chen, Jia-Horng Kao, and Ding-Shinn Chen. "Evolution of Hepatitis B virus in an acute hepatitis B patient co-infected with genotypes B and C." Journal of General Virology 87, no. 1 (January 1, 2006): 39–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.81357-0.
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The interactions between different genotypes of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) in co-infected patients remain largely unknown, especially in acute infection. Here, the evolution of HBV strains was studied in an acute, self-limited hepatitis B patient co-infected with genotypes Ba (B2) and C. Virological analyses were performed at four time points after admission: T1 (5 days), T2 (11 days), T3 (22 days) and T4 (260 days). A dominant-genotype change from genotype C to Ba was found after anti-HBV e antigen (anti-HBe) seroconversion. Further clonal and phylogenetic analyses of the pre-S and pre-core/core regions of HBV were carried out to clarify the interactions between genotypes Ba and C. All clones propagated from T1 and T2 were of genotype C. In contrast, clones propagated from T3 (after anti-HBe seroconversion) were of genotype Ba, C and/or recombinant within the pre-S region. At T4, all clones were of genotype Ba with a 123 bp (from nt 3147 of the pre-S1 region to nt 54 of the pre-S2 region) in-frame pre-S deletion and had lost the start codon of the middle envelope protein and the nucleocapsid-binding site. Phylogenetic analysis showed that genetic distance was greater at T3 after seroconversion to anti-HBe. By using SimPlot, the breakpoint of one pre-S recombinant was located at nt 3069–3100 and the other two at nt 49–87. In conclusion, HBV genotype Ba may overtake genotype C as the predominant strain after anti-HBe seroconversion in acute hepatitis B. Recombination within the pre-S region emerged transiently and the pre-S deletion mutant was finally cleared.
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LUO, FUSHENG, QINGYI SHAO, LIXIA ZHANG, JUAN ZHANG, and ZHONGLIANG PAN. "BORON/PHOSPHORUS CO-DOPING IN ZIGZAG SINGLE-WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES: A FIRST-PRINCIPLES STUDY." Modern Physics Letters B 27, no. 15 (May 21, 2013): 1350114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984913501145.
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By using the first-principles methods based on density function theory (DFT), the effects of boron(B)/phosphorus(P) pair co-doping on the electrical properties of zigzag single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) have been investigated. We calculated the formation energies and band structures of (6, 0) metallic and (8, 0) semiconducting SWNTs with different B/P co-doping sites and concentrations. The obtained formation energies suggest that the B/P co-doping configurations are energetically stable structures and the B and P tend to form a B–P bond. It shows that an energy gap is opened by B/P co-doping in (6, 0) metallic SWNTs and the metallic carbon nanotubes are converted into semiconductors. For the (8, 0) semiconducting SWNTs, B/P co-doping influences the band structure, but it does not change the attributes essentially and the SWNTs are still semiconducting. It was also found that the band structures depend on the doping concentration as well as the doping site of B/P pair.
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Manyazewal, Tsegahun, Zufan Sisay, Sibhatu Biadgilign, and Woldaregay Erku Abegaz. "Hepatitis B and hepatitis C virus infections among antiretroviral-naive and -experienced HIV co-infected adults." Journal of Medical Microbiology 63, no. 5 (May 1, 2014): 742–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.063321-0.
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Most HIV positive people have not been tested for viral hepatitis and their treatments have not been optimized for possible co-infections. The aim of this study was to investigate the serological pattern of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections among antiretroviral (ARV)-naive and -experienced HIV co-infected adults in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. A total of 500 frozen HIV positive serum and plasma samples collected from ARV-naive (n = 250) and -experienced (n = 250) adults were randomly selected and screened for HBsAg, anti-HBs, HBeAg and anti-HCV using rapid two-site sandwich immunochromatographic assay. The test was performed at Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University. Positive specimens for HBsAg and anti-HCV markers were further confirmed using third generation ELISA. Of the 500 specimens tested, 15 (3 %), 58 (11.6 %), 3 (0.6 %), 18 (3.6 %), 3 (0.6 %) and 1 (0.2 %) were positive for HBsAg, anti-HBs, HBeAg, anti-HCV, HBsAg and HBeAg, and HBsAg and anti-HBs markers, respectively. No specimen tested positive for both HBeAg and anti-HBs, and 442 (88.4 %) individuals were non-immune to HBV. Of the 250 ARV-naive individuals, 8 (3.2 %), 33 (13.2 %), 2 (0.8 %), 10 (4 %), 2 (0.8 %), and 1 (0.4 %) were positive for HBsAg, anti-HBs, HBeAg, anti-HCV, HBsAg and HBeAg, and HBsAg and anti-HBs markers, respectively. Of the 250 ARV-experienced individuals, 7 (2.8 %), 25 (10 %), 1 (0.4 %), 8 (3.2 %), 1 (0.4 %), and 0 (0 %) were positive for HBsAg, Anti-HBs, HBeAg, anti-HCV, HBsAg and HBeAg, and HBsAg and anti-HBs markers, respectively. In summary, seroprevalence of HIV/HBV and HIV/HCV co-infections was lower in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, than in Sub-Saharan Africa and globally. HBV and HCV infections were not significantly different between HIV positive subjects who were or who were not on ARV. This suggests that the two groups have equal chance of being infected with these two viruses; despite this, disease progression could be different.
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Li, Yuechan, Yongli Li, and An Xie. "Synthesis and Optical Properties of B-Mg co-Doped ZnO Nanoparticles." Coatings 11, no. 8 (July 23, 2021): 882. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings11080882.
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Doping impurity into ZnO is an effective and powerful technique to tailor structures and enhance its optical properties. In this work, Zn1−xMgxO and Zn1−x−yMgxByO nanoparticles (x = 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4; y = 0, 0.02, 0.04) were synthesized via one-pot method. It shows that the Mg and B dopants has great influence on crystallinity and surface morphology of ZnO nanoparticles, without changing the wurtzite structure of ZnO. The band structure study indicates that the competition of Conductive Band (CB) shift, Burstein–Moss (B-M) shift and Shrinkage effect will cause the band gap energy change in ZnO.
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Sinha, Sutapa, Charla R. Secreto, Justin C. Boysen, Steven L. Warner, David J. Bearss, Asish K. Ghosh, and Neil E. Kay. "Enhanced Expression of Beta-Catenin and Axl Receptor Tyrosine Kinase (RTK) in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) B-Cells with Co-Culture on Marrow Stromal Cells: Implications for Leukemic Cell Drug Resistance." Blood 132, Supplement 1 (November 29, 2018): 3125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2018-99-110981.
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Abstract Introduction CLL remains an incurable disease and represents a significant health problem in the western world. Increasing evidence highlights that the impact of marrow stromal cells is a key component influencing CLL B-cell survival. We have utilized an in vitro bone marrow stromal cell (BMSC) model system and found unique alterations in CLL B-cells with BMSC co-culture that point to previously unidentified biologic changes in the CLL B-cells that may influence CLL B-cell signaling and drug resistance. Methods Purified primary CLL B-cells (n= 39) from previously untreated CLL patients were cultured alone or co-cultured with primary BMSCs from either normal individuals (n=26) or CLL patients (n=17) at a 50:1 ratio in AIMV medium. After 48 hours, separated CLL B-cells or BMSCs were examined by immunoprecipitation/Western blot analyses and where needed real time PCR was done to assess the presence of intracellular proteins. In separate experiments to assess CLL B-cell killing, purified CLL B-cells were treated with TP-0903, fludarabine, chlorambucil and ibrutinib as single agents with or without BMSC co-culture. Results We observed significant increases in expression of Axl for both mRNA and protein levels in CLL B-cells co-cultured with BMSCs compared to CLL B-cells cultured alone. We also detected significantly increased expression of β-catenin at the protein level in CLL B-cells co-cultured with BMSC. But, we did not see any significant change in β-catenin or Axl protein expression in BMSCs co-cultured with CLL B-cells. Co-culturing of CLL B-cells with BMSCs using transwells confirmed that the upregulation of both Axl and β-catenin is dependent on the direct contact of CLL B-cells with BMSCs. The CLL B-cells from co-culture also had upregulation in phosphorylated (P)-ERK-1/2 but no change in P-AKT(Ser473). High nuclear β-catenin and P-ERK-1/2 levels were also detected in co-cultured CLL B-cells. ERK associates with and inactivates GSK-3β resulting in the up-regulation of β-catenin. We next checked for P-GSK-3β (Ser9) in co-cultured CLL B-cells. Upregulation in P-GSK-3β (Ser9) detected in co-cultured CLL B-cells suggests inactivation of GSK-3β and increasing β-catenin accumulation in co-cultured CLL B-cells. Moreover, inhibition of P-ERK-1/2 with inhibitor PD98059 in CLL B-cells cultured with BMSCs inhibited β-catenin as well as Axl expression levels. We also determined the phosphorylation status of Axl in CLL B-cells in co-culture with BMSC but found no change either at Y702 (Axl kinase domain) or total tyrosine phosphorylation levels for Axl in CLL B-cells. Thus, we assume that the role of Axl in co-cultured leukemic B-cells is independent of its kinase activity. Next we determined the effect of the highly specific Axl inhibitor TP-0903 on CLL B-cell status of Axl and b-catenin while in BMSC co-culture. Interestingly, both Axl and β-catenin protein expression levels were found to be further upregulated in CLL B-cells exposed to sub-lethal doses of TP-0903 in co-culture with BMSC. Treatment with chemotherapeutic or targeted therapy drugs, (i.e. fludarabine, chlorambucil or ibrutinib) also led to increase in expression levels of both β-catenin and Axl CLL B-cells co-cultured with BMSC. Of interest CLL B-cells were less sensitive to the chemotherapy drugs in presence of BMSCs, suggesting a role for both Axl and β-catenin in stromal mediated CLL B-cell drug resistance to these agents. This was not true for the Axl inhibitor as TP-0903 was able to induce robust cell death by targeting P-Axl and overcome BMSC mediated protection even in the presence of increased Axl and b-catenin. We also found that TP-0903 decreased P-Axl as well as the Axl downstream mediator, P-Akt(S473) and reduced Mcl-1 expression in CLL B-cells in BMSC co-culture. Conclusions Here we show that marrow stromal cell mediated increased expression in both β-catenin and Axl in CLL B-cells is associated with leukemic B cell survival and drug resistance. The mechanism for this may in part be via activated ERK levels that also occur when CLL B-cells contact BMSC. The BMSC resistance appears to be more profound for chemotherapeutic agents since Axl inhibitor can still induce CLL B-cell killing with BMSC co-culture. These studies suggest that a further understanding of the roles of Axl and β-catenin in the resistance status of CLL B-cells mediated by contact with BMSC are warranted. Disclosures Warner: Tolero Pharmaceuticals: Employment. Bearss:Tolero Pharmaceuticals, Inc: Employment. Kay:Morpho-sys: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Cytomx Therapeutics: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Celgene: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Infinity Pharm: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Gilead: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Acerta: Research Funding; Tolero Pharmaceuticals: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Agios Pharm: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Pharmacyclics: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Janssen: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees.
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Halland, J. J., H. E. Fuelberg, K. E. Pickering, and M. Luo. "Identifying convective transport of carbon monoxide by comparing remotely sensed observations from TES with cloud modeling simulations." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 9, no. 13 (July 3, 2009): 4279–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-4279-2009.
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Abstract. Understanding the mechanisms that transport pollutants from the surface to the free atmosphere is important for determining the atmosphere's chemical composition. This study quantifies the vertical transport of tropospheric carbon monoxide (CO) by deep mesoscale convective systems and assesses the ability of the satellite-borne Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES) to detect the resulting enhanced CO in the upper atmosphere. A squall line that is similar to one occurring during NASA's INTEX-B mission is simulated using a typical environmental wind shear profile and the 2-D Goddard Cumulus Ensemble model. The simulation provides post-convection CO profiles. The structure of the simulated squall line is examined, and its vertical transport of CO is quantified. Then, TES' ability to resolve the convectively modified CO distribution is documented using a "clear-sky" retrieval scheme. Results show that the simulated squall line transports the greatest mass of CO in the upper levels, with a value of 96 t upward and 67 t downward at 300 hPa. Results indicate that TES has sufficient sensitivity to resolve convectively lofted CO, as long as the retrieval scene is cloud-free. TES swaths located immediately downwind of squall lines have the greatest chance of sensing convective transport because the impact of clouds on retrieval quality becomes less. A note of caution is to always analyze TES-derived CO data (or data from any satellite sensor) together with the retrieval averaging kernels that describe the information content of the retrieval.
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Gordon, David M., and Claire L. O'Brien. "Bacteriocin diversity and the frequency of multiple bacteriocin production in Escherichia coli." Microbiology 152, no. 11 (November 1, 2006): 3239–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.28690-0.
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A collection of 266 faecal isolates of Escherichia coli from humans was assayed for the production of mitomycin C-inducible bacteriocins and screened using a PCR-based method for the presence of eleven colicins and seven microcins. Eight different colicins were detected and all seven microcins. Of the strains examined, 38 % produced a bacteriocin, 24 % produced a colicin and 20 % produced a microcin. Of the 102 bacteriocin-producing strains, 42 % produced one type of bacteriocin, 41 % produced two, 16 % produced three and one strain was found to produce four different bacteriocins. Strains producing more than one bacteriocin were more likely to be members of E. coli genetic group B2 and less likely to belong to genetic groups A or D. Several of the bacteriocins were found to co-occur in a strain more often than would be expected by chance: microcins H47 and M; colicin Ia and microcin V; colicins B and M; colicins E1 and M; colicins E1 and Ia. No bacteriocins released as a consequence of cell lysis were found to co-associate more often than expected by chance. Three non-mutually exclusive hypotheses are presented that might explain the high frequency of multiple bacteriocin production in E. coli strains: (1) expanded killing range, (2) expanded receptor repertoire and (3) fitness benefits in different environments.
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Yen, Nguyen Hai, Nguyen Hoang Ha, Pham Thi Thanh, Nguyen Huy Ngoc, Tran Dang Thanh, and Nguyen Huy Dan. "Influence of Co-Doping on Magnetic Properties and Magnetocaloric Effect of Fe–Co–Zr–Cu–B Melt-Spun Ribbons." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 21, no. 4 (April 1, 2021): 2552–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2021.19099.
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In this work, we investigated magnetic properties and magnetocaloric effect in Fe90−xCoxZr7Cu1B2 (x = 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4) melt-spun ribbons. The ribbons were prepared by using a melt-spinning method with a tangential velocity of a copper wheel of 40 m·s-1. The obtained ribbons are almost amorphous. The alloys exhibit typical soft magnetic behavior with low coercivity at room temperature. A minor replacement of Fe by Co gives an increment in Curie temperature (TC) of the alloys to higher temperatures. The TC of the alloys increases from 242 to 342 K with an increase of x from 0 to 4. Maximum magnetic entropy change, ΔSm max, of the alloys, was found to be larger than 0.7 J·kg-1·K-1 in a magnetic field change ΔH of 12 kOe for all the concentrations of Co. High refrigerant capacitys (RC >100 J ·kg-1 with ΔH = 12 kOe) at room temperature region have been obtained for the alloys. The large magnetocaloric effect near room temperature suggests that the alloys can be considered as magnetic refrigerants in the range of 250–350 K.
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Ding, Wei, Grzegorz S. Nowakowski, Jennifer L. Abrahamzon, Linda E. Wellik, Asish K. Ghosh, Charla R. Secreto, Kay L. Medina, Tait D. Shanafelt, Clive S. Zent, and Neil E. Kay. "Crosstalk between Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) B-Cells and Marrow Stromal Cells: Implication for CLL B-Cell Activation and Survival." Blood 110, no. 11 (November 16, 2007): 337. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v110.11.337.337.
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Abstract It is believed that malignant cells “condition” the microenvironment to facilitate tumor cell survival. We hypothesized that crosstalk between CLL B-cells and marrow stromal cells impacts both cell types bi-directionally and ultimately contributes to leukemic cell apoptotic resistance. To test this hypotheses, bone marrow stromal cells from core bone biopsies from CLL patients were isolated and cultured using methods we have previously described (Leuk Res 2007 31(7):899). Subsequently, we determined the impact of co-culture on CLL B-cell features including apoptosis and CD38 expression. In addition, we evaluated the release of angiogenic cytokines on co-culture and signal events in the stromal cells. Immunophenotyping demonstrated that cultured bone biopsy derived stromal cells were CD73+, CD105+, CD146+, CD14−, CD45−, CD34−, HLA-DR-, suggesting they were mesenchymal stem cells (MSC). Co-culture of these MSC with CLL B-cells protected CLL B-cells from both spontaneous apoptosis (SA) and drug-induced (fludarabine and chlorambucil) apoptosis (DA). For SA, the mean survival of CLL B-cells with or without co-culture of MSC for 5 days were 56.9 ± 10.0 and 7.7 ±3.7 (p<0.05), respectively. When CLL B cells were treated with fludarabine or chlorambucil, the fraction of CLL cells tightly adherent to MSC (TA-CLL) showed higher survival than a less adherent but viable fraction of CLL B-cells. The mean survival of TA-CLL cells treated with 10 μM of fludarabine for 48 hours in the presence of MSC were 67.5 ± 3.6 vs 29.8 ± 11.1 without MSC (P<0.05), respectively. When CLL cells with evidence for CD38 expression were co-cultured with MSC, both the percentage of CD38 positive cells and level of expression of CD38 per cell were up-regulated (mean fold change: CD38 percentage, 2.7, p<0.05; CD38 MFI, 1.9, p<0.05) after 2 weeks. In contrast, the CD38 percentage and expression were not changed in cells with minimal CD38 expression when these CLL B-cells were co-cultured with MSC. In addition, co-culture of MSC with CLL cells induced rapid ERK and AKT phosphorylation (within 30 min) in the MSC on immunoblot analysis. When CLL B cells and MSCs were cultured in transwells, the activation of ERK and AKT in MSC occurred at similar levels, indicating that activation of MSC was mediated by soluble factors. In addition, co-culture led to increased secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) as well as a decrease of thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) in the culture medium. These findings confirm that co-culture of CLL B-cells and MSC culminates in “angiogenic switch.” Taken together, these results strongly suggest interactions between MSC and CLL B cells are a bi-directional process. In leukemic cells, the interaction not only protects against spontaneous and drug induced apoptosis but also leads to an increase in CD38 expression consistent with an activated status. In MSC, the interaction leads to activation of ERK and AKT. Co-culture also facilitates angiogenic switching. These results underscore the dynamic and complex nature of the interactions between bone marrow stromal cells and CLL B-cells. Further studies are needed to dissect how crosstalk between CLL B-cells and MSC relates to disease progression, and determines whether these interactions can be targeted with therapeutic intent.
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Holloway-Phillips, M. M., H. Huai, A. Cochrane, and A. B. Nicotra. "Differences in seedling water-stress response of two co-occurring Banksia species." Australian Journal of Botany 63, no. 8 (2015): 647. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt15022.
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In the South-west Australian Floristic Region, timing of rainfall is critical for successful seedling establishment, as is surviving the first year’s summer drought for population persistence. Predictions of a warmer, drier future, therefore, threaten the persistence of obligate seeding species. Here, we investigate the drought tolerance of two co-occurring Banksia (Proteaceae) species by withholding water in pots to different extents of soil drying. Seed was collected from high- and low-rainfall populations, to test for niche differentiation in water-use strategies at the species level, as well as population differentiation. On the basis of a more negative leaf water potential at minimal levels of stomatal conductance and quantum yield, B. coccinea was considered to be more drought tolerant than B. baxteri. This was supported at the anatomical level according to xylem-vessel attributes, with a higher estimated collapse pressure suggesting that B. coccinea is less vulnerable to xylem cavitation. Population contrasts were observed mainly for B. baxteri, with a lower leaf-expansion increment rate in the low-rainfall population providing for drought avoidance, which was reflected in a higher rate of survival than with the high-rainfall population in which 87.5% of plants showed complete leaf senescence. The implications of species differences in water-use strategies are that community dynamics may start to shift as the climate changes. Importantly, this shift may be population dependent. A systematic understanding of adaptive capacity will help inform the choice of population for use in revegetation programs, which may lead to increased resilience and persistence in the face of environmental change. The results of the present study suggest that should declines in B. baxteri populations be noted, revegetating with seed collected from the low-rainfall population may help improve the chances of this species surviving into the future.
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Ma, Rujiang, Xiaocheng Sun, Xiaojun Liu, Yingli An, and Linqi Shi. "Complex Micelles with Glucose-Responsive Shells for Self-Regulated Release of Glibenclamide." Australian Journal of Chemistry 67, no. 1 (2014): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch13334.
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Complex micelles with a hydrophobic poly(ϵ-caprolactone) (PCL) core and a mixed P(Asp-co-AspPBA)/PEG shell were prepared through co-assembly of two block copolymers PCL-b- P(Asp-co-AspPBA) and PEG-b-PCL in basic aqueous solutions. The P(Asp-co-AspPBA) chains (Asp = aspartic acid; AspPBA = aspartamidophenylboronic acid) collapsed and formed a shell layer around the PCL core at neutral pH while the soluble PEG chains stabilised the micelles. The collapsed P(Asp-co-AspPBA) polymer becomes soluble under higher glucose concentration and collapses onto the PCL core reversibly at lower glucose concentration. Self-regulated release of glibenclamide from the complex micelles was achieved based on the reversible change of P(Asp-co-AspPBA) chain mobility in response to the change of glucose concentration. As a result, polymeric micelles with glucose-responsive on-off switches were successfully developed.
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Hua, Z., B. Zuo, Y. M. Sun, X. N. Wang, L. R. Dong, and B. Li. "Crystallization processes and magnetic properties of Fe78Co2Zr8Nb2B10-xGex (x = 0, 1, 2, 3) amorphous alloys." Modern Physics Letters B 28, no. 20 (August 10, 2014): 1450160. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984914501607.
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Fe 78 Co 2 Zr 8 Nb 2B10-x Ge x (x = 0, 1, 2, 3) amorphous alloys were prepared by melt-spinning and annealed at different temperatures. The microstructures and magnetic property were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), respectively. The crystallization processes of Fe 78 Co 2 Zr 8 Nb 2 B 10 amorphous alloy at different quenching rates are similar and complex. The α- Fe ( Co ) and α- Mn type phases are observed in their initial stage of crystallization process. Hc increases with increasing annealing temperature in general. Only α- Fe ( Co ) phase is observed in the initial stage of the crystallization processes of Fe 78 Co 2 Zr 8 Nb 2 B 10-x Ge x (x = 0, 1, 2, 3) alloys. The change trend of coercivity is complex compared with Ge -free samples. The magnetic property of Fe 78 Co 2 Zr 8 Nb 2 B 7 Ge 3 is better.
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Rezchikova, I. I., N. S. Moiseeva, R. A. Valeev, R. B. Morgunov, and V. P. Piskorskii. "Change in the Magnetization of Sintered Pr–Dy–Fe–Co–B Magnets in Time." Russian Metallurgy (Metally) 2020, no. 1 (January 2020): 66–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0036029520010097.
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Boyd, Jennifer Nagel, Cheng-Yuan Xu, and Kevin L. Griffin. "Cost-effectiveness of leaf energy and resource investment of invasive Berberis thunbergii and co-occurring native shrubs." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 39, no. 11 (November 2009): 2109–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x09-128.
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Photosynthetic energy gain and biomass energy and resource investment represent trade-offs between potential enhancements and limitations to plant productivity, respectively. We compared these characteristics in the exotic invasive Berberis thunbergii DC. with that of co-occurring natives Kalmia latifolia L. and Vaccinium corymbosum L. in a northeastern United States forest. We hypothesized that invasion by B. thunbergii could be facilitated by a lower leaf construction cost (CC) and reduced leaf nitrogen content (N) relative to photosynthetic rate (A) and maximum photosynthetic capacity (Amax), which would afford it greater energy-use efficiency (EUE) and nitrogen-use efficiency (NUE), and maximums of these variables (EUEmax and NUEmax), compared with native shrubs. Although B. thunbergii and K. latifolia exhibited similar peak-season A and Amax, EUE, EUEmax, and NUEmax were greater in B. thunbergii, which exhibited lower leaf CC and density. In contrast, EUE, EUEmax, NUE, and NUEmax did not differ between B. thunbergii and V. corymbosum given their similar A, Amax, and area-based leaf CC and leaf N. Considered with leaf phenology, our results suggest two distinct physiological mechanisms could influence B. thunbergii invasion. Specifically, deciduous B. thunbergii exhibited greater cost-effectiveness than evergreen K. latifolia, while a longer payback time for photosynthetic energy gain could offset instantaneous similarities in cost-effectiveness of earlier leafing B. thunbergii and deciduous V. corymbosum.
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Garcia-Mendez, María Cristina, Victor Hugo Urrutia-Baca, Carlos A. Cuao-Moreu, Ernesto Lorenzo-Bonet, Melvyn Alvarez-Vera, David Mizael Ortiz-Martinez, and Myriam Angelica de la Garza-Ramos. "In Vitro Biocompatibility Evaluation of a New Co-Cr-B Alloy with Potential Biomedical Application." Metals 11, no. 8 (August 11, 2021): 1267. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11081267.
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Cobalt–chromium (Co-Cr) alloys have been used in a wide variety of biomedical applications, including dental, cardiovascular, and orthopedic devices. In vitro studies have shown that the mineralization of cells involved in osteogenesis is regulated by boron. The development of a new cobalt-chromium-boron (Co-Cr-B) alloy improves the mechanical properties of the metal, such as wear resistance, and meets biocompatibility requirements. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the osteogenic differentiation and biocompatibility in in vitro assays. Human dental pulp mesenchymal cells (hDPSCs) were isolated from volunteers and then co-cultured with the Co-Cr plus boron alloy from 0.3% to 1% for 15 days, while the formation of calcium deposits was quantified by Alizarin red staining and the expression of genes was related to osteodifferentiation by RT-qPCR. Simultaneously, the cytotoxicity of our alloy was evaluated by MTT assay and the change in the gene expression of cytokines commonly associated with inflammatory processes. The results showed low cytotoxicity when cells were treated with the Co-Cr-B alloy, and no change in the gene expression of IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-8 was observed compared to the untreated control (p > 0.05). The osteoinduction results shown an increase in mineralization in hDPSCs treated with Co-Cr-B alloy with 1.0% B. In addition, a significant increase in mRNA levels for collagen type 1 in with 0.3% boron and alkaline phosphatase and Runx2 with 0.6% boron were observed. The addition of Boron to the ASTM F75 Co-Cr base alloy improves the biocompatible characteristics. No cytotoxicity and any change of the expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-8 in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells treated with the cobalt-chromium-boron alloy was observed in vitro assays. Furthermore, our alloy acts as an osteoinductive in osteogenic differentiation in vitro. Therefore, our results could set the standard for the development of in vivo trials and in the future, it could be considered as an alternative for regenerative therapy.
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Halland, J. J., H. E. Fuelberg, K. E. Pickering, and M. Luo. "Identifying convective transport of carbon monoxide by comparing remotely sensed observations from TES with cloud modeling simulations." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 8, no. 6 (November 14, 2008): 19201–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-8-19201-2008.
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Abstract. Understanding the mechanisms that transport pollutants from the surface to the free atmosphere is important for determining the atmosphere's chemical composition. This study quantifies the vertical transport of tropospheric carbon monoxide (CO) by deep mesoscale convective systems and assesses the ability of the satellite-borne Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES) to detect the resulting enhanced CO in the upper atmosphere. A squall line that is similar to one occurring during NASA's INTEX-B mission is simulated using a typical environmental wind shear profile and the 2-D Goddard Cumulus Ensemble model. The simulation provides post-convection CO profiles. The structure of the simulated squall line is examined, and its vertical transport of CO is quantified. Then, TES' ability to resolve the convectively modified CO distribution is documented using a "clear-sky" retrieval scheme. Results show that the simulated squall line transports the greatest mass of CO in the upper levels, with a value of 96 t upward and 67 t downward at 300 hPa. Maximum updraft speed is found to be unimportant in determining the net CO flux transported by a storm, but is important in determining the altitude to which the storm transports the boundary layer CO. Results indicate that TES has sufficient sensitivity to resolve convectively lofted CO, as long as the retrieval scene is cloud-free. TES swaths located immediately downwind of squall lines have the greatest chance of sensing convective transport because the impact of clouds on retrieval quality becomes less. A note of caution is to always analyze TES-derived CO data (or data from any satellite sensor) together with the retrieval averaging kernel diagonals or other parameters describing the information content of the retrieval.
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Shi, Chao, Zhi-Xin Gong, Qin-Wen Wang, Xiang-Bin Han, and Wen Zhang. "Role of the B′-site metal ion in the framework structures and dielectric transitions in host–guest type cyanometalates (HIm)2[B′Co(CN)6] (HIm = imidazolium cation)." CrystEngComm 22, no. 10 (2020): 1848–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ce01739a.
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Toral, Fábio Luiz Buranelo, Maurício Mello de Alencar, and Alfredo Ribeiro de Freitas. "Abordagens freqüentista e bayesiana para avaliação genética de bovinos da raça Canchim para características de crescimento." Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia 36, no. 1 (February 2007): 43–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-35982007000100006.
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Este trabalho foi realizado com os objetivos de: a) comparar os componentes de (co)variância obtidos por meio dos métodos da Máxima Verossimilhança Restrita (REML) e da inferência bayesiana (IB); b) realizar a avaliação genética do peso à desmama (P240) e aos 18 meses de idade (P550) de bovinos da raça Canchim, padronizados ou não para 240 e 550 dias de idade, respectivamente, utilizando-se a metodologia dos modelos mistos e a obtenção dos componentes de (co)variância por REML ou IB; e c) verificar a semelhança entre os animais selecionados considerando-se a avaliação genética realizada com os pesos reais ou padronizados e por meio de abordagens freqüentista ou bayesiana. Foram obtidos os componentes de (co)variância, herdabilidade e correlação genética para P240 e P550. Os valores genéticos obtidos foram utilizados para simular um processo de seleção em que 10% dos touros e 50% das vacas com os maiores valores genéticos aditivos diretos teriam chance de reproduzir. Os componentes de (co)variância e os parâmetros genéticos estimados por REML, na maioria dos casos, foram inferiores às médias a posteriori obtidas por IB. Ocorreram diferenças quanto aos animais selecionados, provavelmente em decorrência das diferenças entre os componentes de (co)variância e dos parâmetros genéticos obtidos. Adotando-se a IB, a inclusão da idade do animal no momento da pesagem como covariável no modelo estatístico não provocou grande alteração dos touros e vacas selecionados.
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Sinha, Sutapa, Charla R. Secreto, Justin C. Boysen, Steven L. Warner, David J. Bearss, Asish K. Ghosh, and Neil E. Kay. "Β-Catenin and Axl Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Modulation in CLL B-Cells with Co-Culture on Marrow Stromal Cells: Implications for Drug Resistance." Blood 134, Supplement_1 (November 13, 2019): 1739. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2019-121772.
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Introduction: Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs), a major component of CLL microenvironment influences CLL B-cell survival. We have utilized an in vitro BMSC model system and found unique alterations in CLL B-cells with short term BMSC co-culture that point to previously unidentified biologic changes in the CLL B-cells that may influence CLL B-cell signaling and their drug resistance. Methods: Purified primary CLL B-cells (n=41) from previously untreated CLL patients were cultured alone or co-cultured with primary BMSCs from either normal individuals (n=24) or CLL patients (n=18) at a 50:1 ratio in AIMV medium. After 48 hours, separated CLL B-cells or BMSCs were examined by immunoprecipitation/Western blot analyses to assess the presence of intracellular signal proteins and real time PCR to determine the RNA level expression. In separate experiments to assess CLL B-cell response in co-culture with BMSC, purified CLL B-cells were treated with the following agents at sub lethal doses; fludarabine, chlorambucil, ibrutinib and venetoclax as single agents. Results: Consistent and significant increase in expression of Axl receptor tyrosine kinase for both mRNA and protein levels was observed in CLL B-cells co-cultured with BMSCs compared to CLL B-cells cultured alone. We also detected significantly increased expression of β-catenin at the protein level in CLL B-cells co-cultured with BMSCs. In contrast there was no significant change in β-catenin or Axl protein expression in the co-cultured BMSCs. Co-culturing of CLL B-cells with BMSCs using transwells confirmed that the upregulation of both Axl and β-catenin is dependent on the direct contact of CLL B-cells with BMSCs. Experiments showed that the increased Axl level in co-cultured CLL B-cells was independent of Axl kinase activity. Furthermore, the CLL B-cells from co-culture also had clear upregulation of downstream P-ERK-1/2 but no change in P-AKT(Ser473). Next we reasoned that if increases in Axl and β-catenin are related to drug resistance then CLL B-cells should have increases in those proteins when cultured with drugs and in presence of BMSCs. Treatment with chemotherapeutic or targeted therapy drugs, (i.e. fludarabine, chlorambucil, ibrutinib, venetoclax) with sublethal doses was found to lead to increase in expression levels of both β-catenin and Axl in co-cultured CLL B-cells. However these increases were significantly over that seen with simple co-culture of CLL B-cells with BMSCs. Since CLL B-cells were less sensitive to these latter chemotherapy drugs in presence of BMSCs, this suggests to us a role for both Axl and β-catenin in stromal mediated CLL B-cell drug resistance to these agents. Moreover, high nuclear β-catenin and P-ERK-1/2 levels were also detected in co-cultured CLL B-cells. It is also known that ERK associates with and inactivates GSK-3β resulting in the up-regulation of β-catenin. We found upregulation in P-GSK-3β (Ser9) an inactive molecule which can result in increasing accumulation of β-catenin. Inhibition of P-ERK-1/2 using the ERK inhibitor PD98059 in co-cultured CLL B-cells inhibited β-catenin as well as Axl expression levels. Furthermore, it has been shown that Axl expression can be regulated by c-Jun activity. In that regard we have observed upregulation of P-c-Jun(Ser73) which can enhance Axl level in co-cultured CLL B-cells and inhibition of c-Jun activity using SP600125 (c-jun upstream JNK inhibitor), as well inhibited the Axl expression. Finally, we studied 5 CLL patients before and while being treated with ibrutinib/chemo-immuno therapy for the expression of CLL B-cell Axl, β-catenin, P-ERK-1/2, P-c-Jun(Ser73) levels. We found that 2 patients had increase in Axl expression, 4 patients had increased β-catenin and P-ERK-1/2 levels and 3 patients showed increase in P-c-Jun(S73) level after the therapy. Conclusion: Here we show that marrow stromal cell contact with CLL B-cells consistently mediate increased expression in both β-catenin and Axl in CLL B-cells (Figure1). The mechanism for this may, in part, via activated ERK and c-Jun levels (Figure1). We believe that these changes in both molecules are associated with leukemic B-cell survival and drug resistance (Figure1). These studies suggest that a further understanding of the roles of Axl and β-catenin in the CLL B-cells mediated by contact with BMSC will help to develop potential strategies for the management of CLL disease resistant to various drugs. Disclosures Warner: Tolero Pharmaceuticals: Employment. Bearss:Tolero Pharmaceuticals: Employment. Kay:Agios: Other: DSMB; Infinity Pharmaceuticals: Other: DSMB; Celgene: Other: Data Safety Monitoring Board; MorphoSys: Other: Data Safety Monitoring Board.
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Grijalva Castillo, María Cristina, and José Andrés Matutes-Aquino. "Magnetic and Electronic Properties of the Compound Y(Co,Fe)5 Calculated by the Augmented Spherical Wave Method." Advanced Materials Research 68 (April 2009): 145–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.68.145.
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Energy band structure and density of states of the compound Y(Co,Fe)5 were obtained by the augmented spherical wave method. Also the localization of the magnetic moment inside the unit cell, the effect of pressure and the substitution of Co atoms by Fe atoms were studied at the temperature of 0 K. Metallic Co showed a magnetic moment of 1.5 B while metallic Y showed its non magnetic behavior. Inside the compound YCo5 the Y atom had a contribution of –0.3 B to the total magnetization of the unit cell. A negative pressure caused the change of the Fermi energy and the modification of the magnetic moment. With a big enough positive pressure the total magnetic moment dropped to zero. The substitution of Co by Fe caused a change in the compound from strong ferromagnetic to soft ferromagnetic.
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Coelho-dos-Reis, Jordana Grazziela Alves, Roberta Dias Rodrigues Rocha, Gustavo Eustáquio Alvim Brito-Melo, João Gabriel Ribas, Anna Bárbara de Freitas Carneiro-Proietti, Bernadete Catalan-Soares, Edel Figueiredo Barbosa-Stancioli, and Olindo Assis Martins-Filho. "Avaliação do desempenho de parâmetros imunológicos como indicadores de progressão clínica da infecção crônica pelo HTLV-1." Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical 40, no. 1 (February 2007): 29–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0037-86822007000100006.
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Neste estudo, foi avaliado o desempenho isolado e combinado de parâmetros laboratoriais, percentual de linfócitos B (%LB), a razão entre células T/B e o %CD8+HLA-DR+/CD8+, na identificação de indivíduos assintomáticos-AS ou portadores de HAM/TSP-HT numa população de casos soropositivos para HTLV-1. Índices expressos em porcentagem demonstram que cada parâmetro, isoladamente, apresenta desempenho moderado, com co-negatividade=83% e 91% para %LB e razão entre células T/B, respectivamente e co-positividade=78% para %CD8+HLA-DR+/CD8+. A análise combinada (%CD8+HLA-DR+/CD8+ e razão T/B) não revelou ganho significativo no desempenho (co-positividade=75%, co-negatividade=74%). A análise das razões de verossimilhança em diferentes faixas de valores, para os parâmetros isolados, revelou que um indivíduo soropositivo para HTLV-1 com %LB<7%, razão entre células T/B>11 e %CD8+HLA-DR+/CD8+>70% possui, respectivamente, 11, 19 e quase 10 vezes mais chances de pertencer ao grupo HT. Portanto, recomenda-se o uso desses indicadores fenótipos na propedêutica laboratorial complementar de monitoração da progressão clínica da infecção crônica pelo HTLV-1.
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Tantisattamo, Ekamol, Victoria Murray, Yoshitsugu Obi, Christina Park, Christina J. Catabay, Yuji Lee, Cachet Wenziger, et al. "Association of Pre-ESRD Serum Bicarbonate with Post-ESRD Mortality in Patients with Incident ESRD." American Journal of Nephrology 52, no. 4 (2021): 304–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000513855.
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<b><i>Background:</i></b> Serum bicarbonate or total carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) concentrations decline as chronic kidney disease (CKD) progresses and rise after dialysis initiation. While metabolic acidosis accelerates the progression of CKD and is associated with higher mortality among patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD), there are scarce data on the association of CO<sub>2</sub> concentrations before ESRD transition with post-ESRD mortality. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> A historical cohort from the Transition of Care in CKD (TC-CKD) study includes 85,505 veterans who transitioned to ESRD from October 1, 2007, through March 31, 2014. After 1,958 patients without follow-up data, 3 patients with missing date of birth, and 50,889 patients without CO<sub>2</sub> 6 months prior to ESRD transition were excluded, the study population includes 32,655 patients. Associations between CO<sub>2</sub> concentrations averaged over the last 6 months and its rate of decline during the 12 months prior to ESRD transition and post-ESRD all-cause, cardiovascular (CV), and non-CV mortality were examined by using hierarchical adjustment with Cox regression models. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The cohort was on average 68 ± 11 years old and included 29% Black veterans. Baseline concentrations of CO<sub>2</sub> were 23 ± 4 mEq/L, and median (interquartile range) change in CO<sub>2</sub> were −1.8 [−3.4, −0.2] mEq/L/year. High (≥28 mEq/L) and low (<18 mEq/L) CO<sub>2</sub> concentrations showed higher adjusted mortality risk while there was no clear trend in the middle range. Consistent associations were observed irrespective of sodium bicarbonate use. There was also a U-shaped association between the change in CO<sub>2</sub> and all-cause, CV, and non-CV mortality with the lowest risk approximately at −2.0 and 0.0 mEq/L/year among sodium bicarbonate nonusers and users, respectively, and the highest mortality was among patients with decline in CO<sub>2</sub> >4 mEq/L/year. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Both high and low pre-ESRD CO<sub>2</sub> levels (≥28 and <18 mEq/L) during 6 months prior to dialysis transition and rate of CO<sub>2</sub> decline >4 mEq/L/year during 1 year before dialysis initiation were associated with greater post-ESRD all-cause, CV, and non-CV mortality. Further studies are needed to determine the optimal management of CO<sub>2</sub> in patients with advanced CKD stages transitioning to ESRD.
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Случинская, И. А., and А. И. Лебедев. "Новая магнитная нецентральная примесь --- кобальт в титанате стронция." Физика твердого тела 61, no. 3 (2019): 521. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/ftt.2019.03.47245.300.
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AbstractThe local structure and charge state of the cobalt impurity in SrTiO_3 is studied by X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) spectroscopy. The synthesis conditions, under which cobalt predominantly (up to 76%) substitutes the atoms at the A site of the perovskite structure, is found for SrTiO_3(Co) samples. By varying the synthesis conditions, it is possible to appreciably change the ratio between the concentrations of cobalt atoms incorporated into the A and B sites. It is established that the charge state of cobalt is +2 at the A site and +3 at the B site. It is revealed that the Co impurity at the A site is off-center, and its deviation from the lattice site is 1.0 Å. First-principles calculations show that the isolated Co^3+ ion at the B site is diamagnetic, whereas the Co^2+ ion at the A site is in a high-spin state ( S = 3/2).
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Ji, Yong-jian, Wan-hua Ren, Fei-fei Li, Jian-ting Fang, Xi-zhen Sun, and Cheng-yong Qin. "The Change of Quantitative of HBeAg Can Predict the Efficacy of Peg-IFN-α 2a in HBeAgpositive CHB Patients." Infection International 2, no. 3 (September 1, 2013): 127–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ii-2017-0053.
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Abstract Objective To investigate the quantitation of hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) at week 24 in predicting the efficacy of pegylated-interferon alfa-2a (Peg-IFN-α 2a) in HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients at week 48 and to find a useful predictor for treatment efficacy and investigate individualized treatment of antiviral therapy. Methods Ninety-six HBeAg-positive CHB patients with detectable HBeAg who were treated with Peg-IFN-α 2a were enrolled in this trial. They were categorized into 3 groups according to the changes of HBeAg in week 24: HBeAg decline > 2 log10 group (group A), HBeAg decline between 1 1og10 - 2 log10 (group B), HBeAg decline < 1 log10 group (group C), and group C was randomly distributed into C1 and C2. The patients in group A, group B, and group C1 continued the original therapy and the patients in group C2 were given lamivudine plus Peg-IFN-α 2a for 24 weeks. At week 48, the treatment efficacy and hepatitis B virus covalently closed circular DNA (HBV cccDNA) in liver biopsies were analyzed. Results At week 48, mean reduction of serum HBV DNA: group A: 5.8 log10 copies/ml, group B: 3.8 log10 copies/ml, group C1: 2.8 log10 copies/ml, group C2: 5.7 log10 copies/ml, the reduction of HBV DNA in group A was greater than groups B and C1 (P < 0.01), that in group C1 was greater than group C2 (P < 0.01), the difference between groups B and C1 had no statistical significance (P = 0.19). Mean reduction of HBeAg: group A: 2.7 log10S/CO, group B: 1.9 log10S/CO, group C1: 0.9 log10S/CO, group C2: 1.5 log10S/CO, the difference among groups A, B and C1 and between groups C1 and C2 were statistically significant (P < 0.01). At week 48, HBV DNA undetectable rate in group A, group B, group C1 and group C2 were 87.5%, 34.5%, 17.4% and 81.9%, respectively, the rate in group A was greater than groups B and C1 (P < 0.01)，that in group C1 was greater than group C2 (P < 0.01). HBeAg seroconversion rate were 75.0%, 24.1%, 13.0% and 22.7%, respectively, that in group A was greater than groups B and C1 (P < 0.01). Group A had lower cccDNA in liver tissue than group B and group C1 (P < 0.01). The difference of HBV cccDNA between groups B and C1 and that between groups C1 and C2 had no statistical significance. Conclusions HBeAg decline > 2 log10 at week 24 in Peg-IFN-α 2a-treated hepatitis B patients suggested a better efficacy at week 48; HBeAg decline < 2 log10 at week 24 suggests a worse efficacy at week 48, the combined therapy of Peg-IFN-α and lamivudine could improve the clinical responses. The change of quantitative of HBeAg at week 24 may be used as a predictor of treatment effects at week 48.
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Zhou, Qiang, Lan Liu, Eric Croiset, Zhongchao Tan, Qingcai Liu, and Jian Yang. "Modeling study of the heat of absorption and solid precipitation for CO2 capture by chilled ammonia." RSC Advances 9, no. 35 (2019): 20075–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ra00164f.
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Morrison, Susan Signe. "Slow Pilgrimage Ecopoetics // La eco-poética del lento peregrinaje." Ecozon@: European Journal of Literature, Culture and Environment 10, no. 1 (April 27, 2019): 40–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.37536/ecozona.2019.10.1.2527.
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To show the intellectual roots of environmental citizenship, this essay transverses literary and ecological paths by focusing on medieval pilgrimage poems. While design seems integral to the concept of pilgrimage—wayfaring from one’s home to a sacred shrine—in actuality pilgrims not infrequently wandered from the official path. Contingency, rather than randomness, acts as a dynamic agent in affecting the meanderings of the pilgim-walker.Pilgrimage practice entailed reading the landscape through slow walking. Slow pilgrimage manifests itself in major ways: the slow change in the vernacular language of fourteenth-century pilgrimage poems; the slow amendment pilgrimage is meant to spark spiritually; the slow somatic travail on the road itself; and the act of slowly reading as a form of textual wayfinding. The pilgrimage road, which amends over time, itself works within a diverse ecotone, replete with various pilgrims and pilgrimage works.Literary pilgrimage poems self-consciously commit themselves to promoting the vernacular. The ecopoetics of a specific “landguage,” the living and resilient vernacular used by medieval pilgrimage writers, sparks amendment—the spiritual change pilgrimage was meant to kindle. Amendment recurs thematically, indicating material change in the actual path walked on by historical pilgrims.Pilgrim readers undertook textual wayfaring, as do pilgrim-writers through variant texts amended by the poet himself. A strategy of slow ecopoetics authorizes the reader to co-perform the text, making author, reader, and text all kin. Just as the pilgrim presses ahead through a new space, creating the “edge effect” with each step, the pilgrim reader advances alongside the writer, co-creating a resilient literary work. Resumen Analizando los poemas medievales del siglo XIV relacionados con la peregrinación y comparando estos con otros textos más contemporáneos, este ensayo explora cómo los elementos inherentes a la eco-poética del peregrinaje oscilan entre lo diseñado y lo casual, tanto a nivel literal como literario. Pese a que su construcción se vehicula a través del concepto de la peregrinación, con elementos temáticos basados en el viaje desde el hogar a un santuario sagrado, lo cierto es que los peregrinos frecuentemente se desviaban. La contingencia, en lugar de la casualidad, funciona como un agente dinámico que afecta a los desvíos del caminante-peregrino.El lento andar de los peregrinos contribuyó a una eco-poética de la lentitud: el lento ejercicio de seguir el camino; el lento cambio en la lengua vernácula que se empleaba para articular la poesía de la peregrinación; la lenta transformación espiritual provocada, idóneamente, por los actos de peregrinar, caminar, o leer; y la lectura mesurada en sí hecha como forma de un lento peregrinaje.La enmienda se repite temáticamente en estos textos como concepto y término indicando cambios materiales, espirituales, lingüísticos, y poéticos—los caminos materiales modificados por los peregrinos históricos que los pisaban y seguían. Estas modificaciones corresponden de forma análoga al espectro literario, donde algunas versiones rivales de los poemas medievales sobre la peregrinación eran enmendados y editados por sus autores. Los poemas literarios de peregrinación promueven conscientemente lo vernáculo. La eco-poética de una lengua vernácula viva, o la “topo-poética”, usada por los autores medievales es lo que motiva el cambio espiritual que pretende provocar la peregrinación.Los lectores-peregrinos emprendían un deambular textual tal como hacían los autores-peregrinos por medio de los textos variados que el propio poeta modificaba. Una de las estrategias de la eco-poética lenta es permitir que el lector coopere en la interpretación del texto, avanzando así junto al autor para crear una obra literaria que responda a un público heterogéneo. Como resultado del no ser maestros del diseño sino seres errantes y contingentes del medio ambiente y de la poesía, los peregrinos—históricos y literarios—contribuyen a la existencia de una adaptabilidad vibrante, como lo ejemplifica la lenta eco-poética de la peregrinación.
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Tabe, Yoko, Shinichi Yamamoto, Mika Kikkawa, Hikari Taka, Kaoru Mogushi, Hiromichi Mastushita, Takashi Miida, Michael Andreeff, Paul A. Spagnuolo, and Marina Konopleva. "Novel FAO Inhibitor Avocatin B Induces Apoptosis of Acute Monocytic Leukemia Cells in Adipocyte Co-Culture System Via ER Stress and ATF4 Activation." Blood 126, no. 23 (December 3, 2015): 3692. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v126.23.3692.3692.
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Abstract Adipocytes are the prevalent stromal cell type in aged adult bone marrows (BM). We previously demonstrated prominent pro-survival role of BM-derived adipocytes for the acute monocytic leukemia (AMoL) cells, a poor-prognosis subtype of AML (Tabe ASH. 2013). A novel anticancer agent avocatin B, an odd-numbered carbon lipid derived from avocado fruit, has been shown to induce leukemia cell death by inhibiting fatty acid oxidation (FAO) via its accumulation in mitochondria (Lee, Cancer Res. 2015). In this study, we investigated the cytotoxic efficacy and molecular mechanisms of avocatin B in AMoL cells co-cultured with BM-derived adipocytes, mimicking the aging BM microenvironment. AMoL cell lines (THP1, MOLM13 and U937) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSC)-derived adipocytes were used for this study. Adipocytes inhibited spontaneous apoptosis in AMoL cells, consistent with our prior observations. Avocatin B successfully induced apoptosis and cell growth inhibition in AMoL cells (IC50s between 15 and 73uM) with G0/G1 cell cycle accumulation. We further observed that avocatin B synergistically enhanced AraC induced apoptosis in AMoL cells cultured alone or co-cultured with adipocytes (Figure 1). To this end, avocatin B synergized with Ara C with combination index value of 0.15. Immunoblot analysis demonstrated that avocatin B inactivated the stress response kinase phospho- (p-) AMPK and p-p38 MAPK in MOLM13 co-cultured with adipocytes but not in AML cells cultured alone. These results indicate that avocatin B disrupted the energy homeostasis under adipocyte co-culture condition. Metabolic profiling using the capillary electrophoresis mass spectrometry (CE-MS) detected alteration of 12 polar metabolites (fold change > 2, P<0.05) in THP1 cells after adipocyte co-culture, including downregulation of Glucose 6-phosphate and Fructose 6-phosphate, and upregulation of citric acid, fumaric acid, malic acid and NAD+, which is consistent with AMPK signaling activation and suggests the downregulation of glycolysis and the compensatory activation of oxidative phosphorylation and FAO. To further characterize the molecular mechanisms of pro-apoptotic effects of avocatin B, we focused on the gene transcriptional modulation induced by avocatin B in adipocyte co-cultures. We previously reported that CPT1(carnitine palmitoyltransferase I), a key enzyme of FAO, induced mitochondrial accumulation of avocatin B which resulted in AML cell apoptosis (Lee, Cancer Res. 2015). By RT-PCR analysis, we observed that avocatin B itself induced CPT1 (carnitine palmitoyltransferase I) mRNA. In addition, adipocyte co-culture upregulated FABP4 (fatty acid binding protein 4)which was further increased by avocatin B treatment in THP1, U937 and MOLM13 cells. These findings likely reflect the direct feedback of FAO inhibition by avocatin B. DNA microarray (Affymetrix) detected the upregulation of 45 genes and downregulation of 58 genes in THP1 cells after co-culture with adipocytes (> 2.0 fold). Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) and KEGG bioinformatics tools highlighted the cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction as the top upregulated pathway with the potent upstream regulators CXCL12, STAT3, p38 MAPK and NFkB activation. In turn, avocatin B treatment upregulated 71 genes and downregulated 27 genes in THP1 cells co-cultured with adipocytes. Among induced genes, avocatin B treatment caused upregulation of the stress response genes DDIT4, SESN2, PCK2, PHGDH, PSAT1 and STC2 that are the downstream targets of transcription factor ATF4, the master regulator of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response. In summary, the avocatin B and AraC combination induced significant leukemia cell death under adipocyte co-culture conditions. Metabolome and transcriptome analyses indicate that FAO inhibition by avocatin B induced ER stress might stimulate the DDIT3/CHOP-dependent cell death via transcriptional activation of ATF4 (Figure 2). We conclude that the strategies targeting FAO warrant further exploration in patients with AMMoL, highly dependent on altered lipid metabolism. Figure 1. Figure 1. Figure 2. Figure 2. Disclosures Konopleva: Novartis: Research Funding; AbbVie: Research Funding; Stemline: Research Funding; Calithera: Research Funding; Threshold: Research Funding.
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Nel-Themaat, L., M. C. Gómez, G. Wirtu, A. Cole, K. R. Bondioli, B. L. Dresser, C. E. Pope, and R. A. Godke. "63 IMPROVEMENT OF SEMEN-DERIVED EPITHELIAL CELL PROLIFERATION BY FIBROBLAST CO-CULTURE." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 18, no. 2 (2006): 140. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv18n2ab63.
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We previously isolated epithelial-like cells (ELC) from sheep (Ovis aries) and eland (Taurotragus oryx) semen (Nel-Themaat et al. 2004 Reprod. Fertil. Dev. 16, 152) and subsequently developed a system to separate ELC before plating (Nel-Themaat et al. 2005 Reprod. Fertil. Dev. 17, 314). Cells attached and proliferated in only 50% and 31% of the attempts, respectively. Therefore, the purposes of the present study were to improve ELC proliferation by co-culture with inactivated 3T3 mouse fibroblasts and to characterize the obtained cells. Semen fractions from two mature Gulf Coast Native rams (n = 20 ejaculates) and one common eland bull (n = 2 ejaculates) were plated on feeder layers (A), on collagen with feeder cell inserts (B), or on collagen alone (C). For B and C, cell attachment and division were assessed; proliferation and passage 1 (P1) confluence were evaluated for A, B, and C. No difference in attachment rates between B (80%) and C (70%) were found for ovine cells, but (P < 0.05) cells divided more times in B (80%) than in C (35%). All colonies in A (60%) and B (70%) reached P1 confluence and no difference was detected between A and B, but less proliferation (10%) and P1 confluence (5%) were observed in C. Therefore, contact between epithelial cells and feeders was not necessary for growth stimulation by the feeder cells. No difference among A, B, and C was detected for eland ELC proliferation (100%), but no P1 confluence was observed in C. Ram cells were subsequently characterized by immunohistochemical detection of keratin and vimentin, as well as morphology. The 3T3 cells cross-reacted with keratin, and characterization was thus performed mainly on morphology and vimentin expression. Distribution of vimentin microfilaments differed between different epithelial morphologies and fibroblasts. Expression in epithelial cells was faint and patchy in confluent colonies and located around cytoplasmic extremities in semi-confluent colonies. In 3T3 cells, expression was very prominent throughout the cytoplasm and around the nucleus. For treatments A and B, 63 and 57%, respectively, were characterized as only epithelial cells; 25 and 36%, respectively, appeared to contain a mixture of epithelial and fibroblast cells; and 13 and 7%, respectively, contained only fibroblast cells. Only one sample was evaluated from treatment C and only keratin was detected in the epithelial-like colony. We conclude that culture of semen-derived ELC is markedly improved by 3T3 fibroblast co-culture. Further research on conditioned media may simplify the system and reduce chances of 3T3 cell contamination.
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Kuo, Chung-Wen, Jui-Cheng Chang, Po-Ying Lee, Tzi-Yi Wu, and Yu-Chang Huang. "Applications of Electrochromic Copolymers Based on Tris(4-carbazoyl-9-ylphenyl)amine and Bithiophene Derivatives in Electrochromic Devices." Materials 11, no. 10 (October 3, 2018): 1895. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma11101895.
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Four copolymers (P(tCz (tris(4-carbazoyl-9-ylphenyl)amine)-co-bTP (2,2'-bithiophene)), P(tCz-co-CPDT (4H-cyclopenta[2,1-b:3,4-b’]dithiophene)), P(tCz-co-DTC (3,6-di(2-thienyl)carbazole)), and P(tCz-co-CPDTK (cyclopentadithiophene ketone))) are deposited on indium tin oxide (ITO) surfaces using electrochemical polymerization. Spectroelectrochemical properties of copolymer electrodes reveal that the colors of P(tCz-co-bTP) film are pinkish-orange, light olive green, light grayish blue, and dark blue at 0.0, 0.8, 1.2, and 1.6 V, respectively, whereas the color variations of P(tCz-co-CPDTK) film are light yellow, yellow, and blue at 0.0 V, 0.8 V, and 1.5 V, respectively. The ΔT of P(tCz-co-bTP), P(tCz-co-CPDT), P(tCz-co-DTC), and P(tCz-co-CPDTK) films are estimated to be 43.0% at 967 nm, 28.7% at 864 nm, 43.6% at 870 nm, and 24.5% at 984 nm, respectively. Five electrochromic devices (ECDs) are assembled using the tCz-based homopolymer and copolymers as coloring electrodes, and poly(2,2-dimethyl-3,4-propylenedioxythiophene) (PProDOT-Me2) as the complementary electrode. P(tCz-co-DTC)/PProDOT-Me2 ECD reveals high transmittance change (45.9% at 624 nm), P(tCz-co-CPDTK)/PProDOT-Me2 ECD shows high η (513.0 cm2 C−1 at 582 nm), and P(tCz-co-bTP)/PProDOT-Me2 ECD presents short switching time (less than 0.4 s) at 628 nm. Moreover, these ECDs show satisfactory redox stability and open circuit stability.
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Thomas, Lina D., Dariia Vyshenska, Natalia Shulzhenko, Anatoly Yambartsev, and Andrey Morgun. "Differentially correlated genes in co-expression networks control phenotype transitions." F1000Research 5 (November 22, 2016): 2740. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.9708.1.
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Background: Co-expression networks are a tool widely used for analysis of “Big Data” in biology that can range from transcriptomes to proteomes, metabolomes and more recently even microbiomes. Several methods were proposed to answer biological questions interrogating these networks. Differential co-expression analysis is a recent approach that measures how gene interactions change when a biological system transitions from one state to another. Although the importance of differentially co-expressed genes to identify dysregulated pathways has been noted, their role in gene regulation is not well studied. Herein we investigated differentially co-expressed genes in a relatively simple mono-causal process (B lymphocyte deficiency) and in a complex multi-causal system (cervical cancer). Methods: Co-expression networks of B cell deficiency (Control and BcKO) were reconstructed using Pearson correlation coefficient for two mus musculus datasets: B10.A strain (12 normal, 12 BcKO) and BALB/c strain (10 normal, 10 BcKO). Co-expression networks of cervical cancer (normal and cancer) were reconstructed using local partial correlation method for five datasets (total of 64 normal, 148 cancer). Differentially correlated pairs were identified along with the location of their genes in BcKO and in cancer networks. Minimum Shortest Path and Bi-partite Betweenness Centrality where statistically evaluated for differentially co-expressed genes in corresponding networks. Results: We show that in B cell deficiency the differentially co-expressed genes are highly enriched with immunoglobulin genes (causal genes). In cancer we found that differentially co-expressed genes act as “bottlenecks” rather than causal drivers with most flows that come from the key driver genes to the peripheral genes passing through differentially co-expressed genes. Using in vitro knockdown experiments for two out of 14 differentially co-expressed genes found in cervical cancer (FGFR2 and CACYBP), we showed that they play regulatory roles in cancer cell growth. Conclusion: Identifying differentially co-expressed genes in co-expression networks is an important tool in detecting regulatory genes involved in alterations of phenotype.
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PILOSOF, SHAI, MARCELA LARESCHI, and BORIS R. KRASNOV. "Host body microcosm and ectoparasite infracommunities: arthropod ectoparasites are not spatially segregated." Parasitology 139, no. 13 (September 5, 2012): 1739–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182012001205.
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SUMMARYWe studied the distribution of ectoparasite species (an ixodid tick, a chigger mite, 7 mesostigmate mites, 5 fleas and 3 lice) on bodies of 5 species of rodent hosts from the marshlands in Argentina to establish whether arthropod ectoparasites are segregated across body parts of the same host individual. We asked (a) whether an individual ectoparasite species prefers certain parts of the body of its host and, if yes, whether these preferences overlap among ectoparasite species; (b) whether ectoparasite species composition differs among different parts of a host's body; and (c) whether co-occurrences of ectoparasite species within pre-defined body parts of a host are non-random and, if yes, whether ectoparasites co-occur in the same body part of a host either less or more often than expected by chance. It was found that, in general, ectoparasite species were not segregated across body parts of a host. Although some ectoparasites preferred certain body parts, these preferences were similar among ectoparasites belonging to different species and/or higher taxa resulting in similarity among host body parts in ectoparasite species composition. In addition, ectoparasite species demonstrated a tendency to co-occur on the same body parts of a host and not to be segregated among them. It was concluded that the distribution of ectoparasites on the body of a small mammalian host is driven mainly by their interaction with the host rather than by distinct preferences or interactions among ectoparasite species.
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Liu, Jian Hua, Bu Ming Chen, Zhong Cheng Guo, Yong Chun Zhang, and Rui Dong Xu. "Effect of the Current Density on Oxygen Overpotential and Corrosion Rate of the Al/Pb-Ag-Co Anodes for Zinc Electrowinning." Advanced Materials Research 634-638 (January 2013): 1718–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.634-638.1718.
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Lead-silver-cobalt was electrodeposited on the aluminum matrix, which was used as anode for zinc electrowinning. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), linear sweep voltammetry(LSV), Tafel curve were used to study the effect of different current density on the surface morphology, electrocatalytic activity and corrosion resistance of Al/Pb-Ag-Co anode. The results showed that the Ag content change slightly with the current density change, but the Co content change big with the current density change; the value of a and b oxygen evolution of Pb-Ag-Co composite coating electrode obtained under 1 Adm-2were the smallest, respectively, was 1.436 V, 0.930 V; and the corrosion potential was 0.272 V; surface microstructure was smooth and dense.
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Al-Abdwani, Rasha, David R. Moles, and Joseph Harold Noar. "Change of Incisor Inclination Effects on Points A and B." Angle Orthodontist 79, no. 3 (2009): 462. http://dx.doi.org/10.2319/0003-3219(2009)079[0462:coiieo]2.0.co;2.
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Sugitani, N., E. Tanaka, E. Inoue, M. Abe, E. Sugano, K. Saka, M. Ochiai, et al. "OP0221 HAVE 5-YEAR SURVIVAL RATE AND MORTALITY CHANGED IN PATIENTS WITH EARLY RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS IN THE PAST TWENTY YEARS?-RESULTS FROM THE IORRA COHORT." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 79, Suppl 1 (June 2020): 137.2–138. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.1134.
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Background:The mortality of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) had been reported as being worse than that of the general population [1, 2], but is expected to have improved over time because the progress in treatment of RA during the past twenty years has been actively adopted to RA management [3, 4]. However, the change in the mortality still remains controversial in patients with early RA [5, 6].Objectives:To investigate whether the vital prognosis of patients with early RA has changed in the past twenty years.Methods:The IORRA cohort is a large observational cohort established in 2000 at the Institute of Rheumatology, Tokyo Women’s Medical University. Essentially, all Japanese patients diagnosed with RA at our institute were registered and clinical parameters were assessed biannually. As there is no National Death Registry in Japan, we obtained death report from residual families who responded to our mail query to patients who failed to conduct the subsequent IORRA survey, from physicians of affiliated hospitals and from police in case they found dead patient outside of a hospital. In this study, the patients with early RA (less than 2 years of disease duration) who participated in the survey for the first time from 2001 to 2012 were included and observed for five years from the date of the initial survey. We classified patients into group A (enrolled in 2001-2006) and B (enrolled in 2007-2012). Five-year survival rate and standardized mortality ratio (SMR) were calculated for each group. SMR was calculated using the life tables in Japanese general population reported by the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, Japan. The effects of loss to follow-up cases were evaluated by multiple imputation method as a sensitivity analysis of SMR.Results:A total of 3,217 patients with early RA were analyzed. The number of patients was 1,609 (79.4% female) in the group A and 1,608 (81.8% female) in B. The median age at baseline was 55 in both groups. Among a total of 3,217 patients, 486 (15.1%) patients were lost during 5-year follow-up; 213 (13.2%) in the group A and 273 (17.0%) in B, respectively. During the observational period, deaths were confirmed in 47 cases (2.9%) in the group A and 45 (2.8%) in B. Major causes of death included malignancies (28% in the group A, 38% in B), respiratory involvement (23% in the group A, 40% in B), cerebrovascular disorders (11% in the group A, 2% in B), and cardiovascular disorders (11% in the group A, 0% in B). The five-year survival rate was 88.8% for the group A and 87.8% for B, and the SMR was 0.81 (95%CI: 0.59-1.08) for the group A and 0.78 (0.57-1.04) for B when assuming all the lost to follow-up patients were alive for 5 years. In the sensitivity analysis assuming that the mortality rate of patients who were lost to follow-up was twice as that of the general population, the SMR was 0.90 (0.68-1.19) for the group A and 0.92 (0.68-1.23) for B.Conclusion:The mortality of patients with early RA in the past twenty years has been comparable to that of the Japanese general population. In addition, the SMR and the five-year survival rate did not change overtime.References:[1]Cobb, S., et al. N Engl J Med 1953; 249(14): 553-556.[2]Nakajima, A., et al. Scand J Rheumatol 2010; 39(5): 360-367.[3]Smolen, J. S., et al. Ann Rheum Dis 2014; 73(3): 492-509.[4]Singh, J. A., et al. Arthritis Care Res 2016; 68(1): 1-25.[5]Lacaille, D., et al. Ann Rheum Dis 2017; 76(6): 1057-1063.[6]Humphreys, J. H., et al. Arthritis Care Res 2014; 66(9): 1296-1301.Disclosure of Interests:Naohiro Sugitani: None declared, Eiichi Tanaka Consultant of: Abbvie, Asahi Kasei pharma co., Bristol Myers Squibb, Chugai Pharmaceutical, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Eisai Pharmaceutical, Janssen Pharmaceutical K.K., Nippon Kayaku, Pfizer, Takeda Pharmaceutical, Taisho Toyama Pharmaceutical Co., and UCB Pharma., Eisuke Inoue Speakers bureau: EI has received speaker fee from Bristol-Meyers, Pfizer, Merck serono., Mai Abe: None declared, Eri Sugano: None declared, Kumiko Saka: None declared, Moeko Ochiai: None declared, Yoko Shimizu: None declared, Rei Yamaguchi: None declared, Naoki Sugimoto: None declared, Katsunori Ikari Speakers bureau: Asahi Kasei Pharma Corp., Astellas Pharma Inc., AbbVie Japan GK, Ayumi Pharmaceutical Co., Bristol Myers Squibb Co., Ltd., Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Eis, ai Co., Ltd., Eli Lilly Japan K.K., Janssen Pharmaceutical K.K., Kaken Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corp.Pfizer Japan Inc., Takeda Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Teijin Pharma Ltd and UCB Japan Co. Ltd., Ayako Nakajima Grant/research support from: AN has received research grants from Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Co., Pfizer Japan Inc., Consultant of: AN has consultant fee from Nippon Kayaku Co. Ltd., Speakers bureau: AN has received speaker’s fee from AbbVie Japan GK, Actelion Pharmaceuticals Japan LTD., Asahi Kasei Pharma Co., Astellas Pharma Inc., Ayumi Pharmaceutical Co., Bristol Myers Squibb Co., Ltd., Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Eisai Co., Ltd., Eli Lilly Japan K.K., GlaxoSmithKline K.K., Hisamitsu Pharmaceutical Co. Inc., Kyorin Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Co., Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Pfizer Japan Inc., and Teijin Pharma Ltd., Atsuo Taniguchi: None declared, Hisashi Yamanaka Grant/research support from: HY has received research grant or speaker fee from AbbVie, Astellas, Ayumi, Behringer, Bristol-Meyers, Chugai, Daiichi-Sankyo, Eisai, Kaken, Nippon-Shinyaku, Novartis, Ono, Pfizer, Taisyo-Toyama, Takeda, Tanabe-Mitsubishi, Teijin Pharma, Torii, UCB, YLbio., Speakers bureau: HY has received research grant or speaker fee from AbbVie, Astellas, Ayumi, Behringer, Bristol-Meyers, Chugai, Daiichi-Sankyo, Eisai, Kaken, Nippon-Shinyaku, Novartis, Ono, Pfizer, Taisyo-Toyama, Takeda, Tanabe-Mitsubishi, Teijin Pharma, Torii, UCB, YLbio., masayoshi harigai Grant/research support from: AbbVie Japan GK, Ayumi Pharmaceutical Co., Bristol Myers Squibb Co., Ltd., Eisai Co., Ltd., Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Co., Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd., and Teijin Pharma Ltd. MH has received speaker’s fee from AbbVie Japan GK, Ayumi Pharmaceutical Co., Boehringer Ingelheim Japan, Inc., Bristol Myers Squibb Co., Ltd., Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Eisai Co., Ltd., Eli Lilly Japan K.K., GlaxoSmithKline K.K., Kissei Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Oxford Immuotec, Pfizer Japan Inc., and Teijin Pharma Ltd. MH is a consultant for AbbVie, Boehringer-ingelheim, Kissei Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. and Teijin Pharma.
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Roder, Constantin, Uwe Klose, Helene Hurth, Cornelia Brendle, Marcos Tatagiba, Ulrike Ernemann, Nadia Khan, and Till-Karsten Hauser. "Longitudinal Reproducibility of CO2-Triggered BOLD MRI for the Hemodynamic Evaluation of Adult Patients with Moyamoya Angiopathy." Cerebrovascular Diseases 50, no. 3 (2021): 332–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000513301.
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<b><i>Background and Purpose:</i></b> Hemodynamic evaluation of moyamoya patients is crucial to decide the treatment strategy. Recently, CO<sub>2</sub>-triggered BOLD MRI has been shown to be a promising tool for the hemodynamic evaluation of moyamoya patients. However, the longitudinal reliability of this technique in follow-up examinations is unknown. This study aims to analyze longitudinal follow-up data of CO<sub>2</sub>-triggered BOLD MRI to prove the reliability of this technique for long-term control examinations in moyamoya patients. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Longitudinal CO<sub>2</sub> BOLD MRI follow-up examinations of moyamoya patients with and without surgical revascularization have been analyzed for all 6 vascular territories retrospectively. If revascularization was performed, any directly (by the disease or the bypass) or indirectly (due to change of collateral flow after revascularization) affected territory was excluded based on angiography findings (group 1). In patients without surgical revascularization between the MRI examinations, all territories were analyzed (group 2). <b><i>Results:</i></b> Eighteen moyamoya patients with 39 CO<sub>2</sub> BOLD MRI examinations fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The median follow-up between the 2 examinations was 12 months (range 4–29 months). For 106 vascular territories analyzed in group 1, the intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.784, <i>p</i> < 0.001, and for group 2 (84 territories), it was 0.899, <i>p</i> < 0.001. Within the total follow-up duration of 140 patient months, none of the patients experienced a new stroke. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> CO<sub>2</sub> BOLD MRI is a promising tool for mid- and long-term follow-up examinations of cerebral hemodynamics in moyamoya patients. Systematic prospective evaluation is required prior to making it a routine examination.
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Wonderling, Nichole, Else Breval, and Joseph P. Dougherty. "X-ray diffraction analysis of lanthanum and titanium substituted lead zirconate." Powder Diffraction 17, no. 4 (December 2002): 295–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1154/1.1505046.
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The change in the orthorhombic structure of PbZrO3 was studied as a function of the La substitution for Pb and Ti substitution for Zr. Two types of changes can occur: (1) a change in the atom coordinates toward the positions for a perfect cubic perovskite lattice; and (2) a change of orthorhombic unit cell parameters so that ao, bo, and co exactly fit with the cubic cell parameter ac. Therefore, ao=ac√2, bo=ac.2√2, and co=ac.2, where ao, bo, and co are the orthorhombic cell parameters, and ac is the cubic cell parameter. Substitution of Pb by La in the orthorhombic PLZT leads to both a change in atom coordinates and a change in unit cell parameters toward the perfect cubic structure, especially for La≥4. Substitution of Zr by Ti in the orthorhombic PLZT leads to similar atom coordinate changes, but the unit cell parameters do not change. The composition 0/92.5/7.5 contains a major tetragonal phase and a minor orthorhombic phase. There are only small differences in the orthorhombic structure between the A and the B composition of PLZT. The A composition has a structure closer to the cubic structure than the B composition.
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Baig, M. J., R. K. Bhatt, H. S. Tiwari, and P. Swami. " Assimilatory function and biochemical changes in Stylosanthes hamata grown under elevated CO2." Plant, Soil and Environment 58, No. 5 (May 29, 2012): 224–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/695/2011-pse.
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We studied the impact of 360 ± 50 µL/l (ambient) and 600 ± 50 µL/L (elevated) CO<sub>2</sub> on growth performance, biomass production, photosynthetic efficiency, carbon isotope discrimination, protein profile and some antioxidant enzymes on Stylosanthes hamata. This crop responded significantly to photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate under elevated CO<sub>2</sub>. The biomass production in terms of fresh and dry was increased in elevated CO<sub>2</sub> by 126.81% (fresh) and 114.55% (dry) over ambient CO<sub>2</sub>. Long term exposure to elevated CO<sub>2</sub> enhanced photosynthetic water use efficiency by 127.77%. The photosynthetic pigment, total chlorophyll and chlorophyll a/b ratio also increased by 220.56 and 132.86%, respectively in elevated over ambient CO<sub>2</sub>. Around 149% increase in the soluble protein accumulation (mg/g FW) was recorded under elevated over ambient CO<sub>2</sub>, which was also reflected in the polyacrylamide gel profile. The isoforms of superoxide dismutase and esterase isozymes showed remarkable difference under elevated as compared to ambient. Measurement of <sup>13</sup>δ in different plant parts indicated a significant increase in discrimination against <sup>13</sup>C when plants were grown at elevated relative to ambient CO<sub>2</sub>. Maximum increase was recorded in roots (439.72%) followed by leaf and the stem recorded least increase in <sup>13</sup>δ (119.94%) in elevated over ambient CO<sub>2</sub>.
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Okdinawati, Liane, Togar M. Simatupang, and Yos Sunitiyoso. "Co-creating value through agents interaction within service network." Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management 10, no. 1 (April 19, 2017): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3926/jiem.2012.
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Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to gives further understanding on value co-creation mechanisms in B-to-B service network by reinforcing the processes, the relationships, and influences of other agents where Collaborative Transportation Management (CTM) forms might be best employed.Design/methodology/approach: In order to model the interactions among agents in the collaboration processes and the value co-creation processes, this research used three collaboration cases in Indonesia. Then, the agent-based simulation was used to capture both the collaboration process and the value co-creation process of the three collaboration cases.Findings: The interactions among the agents both inside and outside their collaboration environment determined agent’s role as a value co-creator. The willingness of an agent to accept the opinion of another agent determined the degree of their willingness to co-operate and to change their strategies, and perceptions. Therefore, influenced the size of the value obtained by them in each collaboration process.Research limitations/implications: The findings of the simulations subject to assumptions based on the collaboration cases. Further research is related to how to encourage agents to co-operate and adjust their perceptions.Practical implications: It is crucial for the practitioners to interact with another agent both inside and outside their collaboration environment. The opinions of another agent inside the collaboration environment also need to be considered.Originality/value: This research is derived from its emphasis on how a value is co-created by reinforcing both the collaborative processes and the interactions among agents as well as on how CTM might be best employed.
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Uchiyama, Yasuo, Yusuke Abe, Guo Bin Zheng, and Hideaki Sano. "Evaluation of Oxidation Behavior of the C-B4C-SiC Composite through Continuous Measurement of Mass Change and Gas Concentration." Materials Science Forum 510-511 (March 2006): 402–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.510-511.402.
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Change in mass and gas concentration during oxidation of carbon matrix composite added with B4C and SiC particles as an inhibiter for oxidation were measured continuously and accurately using a thermogravimetric analyzer, a couple of zirconia type oxygen sensors and infrared CO-CO2 gas analyzer. Total amount of oxygen consumed, the amount of oxygen consumed for matrix carbon oxidation, the amount of oxygen incorporated in CO and CO2 gases, total oxygen consumption rate during oxidation of the composite were obtained. The amount of glass phase formed from the inhibiter and the amount of matrix carbon oxidized could be estimated from calculation of a mole balance between the total oxygen consumption and the amount of oxygen incorporated in CO and CO2 gases. Oxidation behavior and oxidation mechanism of the C-B4C-SiC composites were clarified.
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Roush, Richard T. "Bt-transgenic crops: just another pretty insecticide or a chance for a new start in resistance management?" Pesticide Science 51, no. 3 (November 1997): 328–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1096-9063(199711)51:3<328::aid-ps650>3.0.co;2-b.
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LUKIN, A. A., S. SZYMURA, A. A. ZHURAVLYEV, M. C. MARGARYAN, and W. NOWY-WIECHUŁA. "ANNEALING EFFECT ON COERCIVITY AND MICROHARDNESS IN SINTERED (Nd, Tb)15(Fe, Co, Al)78B7 MAGNETS." Modern Physics Letters B 13, no. 19 (August 20, 1999): 681–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984999000853.
Full textAbstract:
The variation of the coercivity and microhardness with annealing (475–1150°C/3.6 ks) of sintered (Nd, Tb) 15 (Fe, Co, Al) 78 B 7 permanent magnet have been investigated. The data indicate that the coercivity reaches the mininum and the maximum at 600°C and 775°C, respectively. Optical and scanning electron microscopy and magnetic domain structure observations give no hints to any change in microstructure. Fitting of the Mössbauer spectra of permanent magnets for different coercivity ( i H c ) values revealed that magnetic hyperfine fields (B Hf ) on all Fe sites are reduced with the increase in i H c value and the higher value of the i H c corresponds to the higher value of the Mössbauer line width. The microhardness changes in the matrix Nd 2 Fe 14 B phase have been correlated with changes in the coercivity.
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Clifton, RJ, L. O'Donnell, and DM Robertson. "Pachytene spermatocytes in co-culture inhibit rat Sertoli cell synthesis of inhibin beta B-subunit and inhibin B but not the inhibin alpha-subunit." Journal of Endocrinology 172, no. 3 (March 1, 2002): 565–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe.0.1720565.
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This study investigates the effects of spermatogenic germ cells on inhibin alpha-subunit and beta B-subunit expression, and inhibin alpha-subunit and inhibin B production by rat Sertoli cells in vitro. Sertoli cells isolated from 19-day-old rats were cultured for 48 h at 32 degrees C, in the presence or absence of FSH (2.3-2350 mIU/ml), and in the presence of pachytene spermatocytes, round spermatids or cytoplasts of elongated spermatids purified from adult rat testis by elutriation and density gradient separation. Sertoli cell secretion of inhibin alpha-subunit and inhibin B, as measured by immunoassay, was dose-dependently stimulated by FSH (maximal stimulation 13- and 2-fold, respectively). Round spermatids or cytoplasts co-cultured with Sertoli cells had no effect on basal or FSH-induced secretion of inhibin alpha-subunit or inhibin B. When Sertoli cells were co-cultured with pachytene spermatocytes, inhibin alpha-subunit secretion was unaltered, while inhibin B secretion was suppressed in a cell concentration-dependent manner to reach a maximal suppression of 45% compared with Sertoli cells alone (P<0.01). A similar suppression in inhibin B was still observed (64% of Sertoli cells alone) when the pachytene spermatocytes were separated from Sertoli cells by a 0.45 microm pore membrane barrier in bicameral chambers. Pachytene spermatocytes also suppressed FSH-induced inhibin B levels in Sertoli cell co-cultures and this suppression was attributed to a decrease in basal inhibin B production rather than a change in FSH responsiveness. Quantitation of Sertoli cell inhibin alpha- and beta B-subunit mRNA by quantitative (real-time) PCR demonstrated that pachytene spermatocytes did not alter Sertoli cell alpha-subunit mRNA expression, but significantly (P<0.01) suppressed basal and FSH-induced beta B-subunit mRNA expression to a similar degree to that seen with inhibin B protein levels. It is concluded that pachytene spermatocytes in vitro suppress Sertoli cell inhibin B secretion via factor-mediated suppression of inhibin beta B-subunit expression. These findings support the hypothesis that specific germ cell types can influence inhibin B secretion by the testis independent of FSH regulation.
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Jung, Byeongho, Gerardo Ferrer, Pui Yan Chiu, Rukhsana Aslam, Florencia Palacios, Barbara Sherry, and Nicholas Chiorazzi. "Activated CLL B Cells Variably Modulate microRNA-155 Levels in Naïve CD4+ T Cells, and the Direction and Magnitude of microRNA-155 Change Correlates with Th17 Levels and Clinical Course." Blood 132, Supplement 1 (November 29, 2018): 4402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2018-99-116505.
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Abstract T-helper 17 (Th17) cells constitute a subset of T cells that characteristically secrete IL-17. In addition to their normal adaptive immune functions, Th17 cells also play roles in supporting dysfunctional immune responses found in autoimmunity and cancer. Several studies suggest that Th17 cells play a protective role in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). For example, CLL patients exhibit varied levels of circulating Th17 cells, and elevated levels positively correlate with better clinical outcome regardless of IGHV-mutation status. To understand this relationship and elucidate the cellular and molecular mechanisms of Th17 generation in CLL, in particular the role of microRNAs known to affect Th17 development, we investigated cross-talk between naïve CD4+ T cells and CLL B cells. Moreover, since intraclonal leukemic B-cell subpopulations differing in time since cell birth/division can exhibit different functional effects on antigen presentation, we explored the effect of B-cell activation on this T - leukemic B-cell dialogue and how it affects the generation of Th17 cells. To determine potential candidates differentially expressed in CLL, we conducted genome-wide single-cell expression analysis comparing fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS)-purified mature Th17 cells (CD3+/CD4+/CD45+/CD161+/CCR6+/ CCR4+/CXCR3-) from CLL patients and healthy donors. Selected candidate genes met the criteria of >7-fold increase in expression in CLL, adjusted p-value <1.5 x 10-6, and link to lymphocyte biology. Among selected candidates, microRNA-155 (miR-155), a critical regulator of Th17 differentiation, was found. Follow-up real time, quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) analyses indicated a significant increase (P < 0.01) in miR-155 expression in CLL Th17 cells as compared to Th17 cells from healthy controls. Since there was no difference in expression between naïve T cells (CD3+/CD4+/CD62L+/CD45RO-) cells, this suggested a CLL-unique mechanism of miR-155 modulation. To determine whether CLL cells directly influence miR-155 levels in naïve CD4+ T cells, co-culture experiments using autologous leukemic or healthy B cells were carried out. FACS-purified peripheral blood naïve CD4+ T cells and B cells from CLL patients and from age-matched healthy controls were co-cultured for 3 days, and expression of T-cell miR-155 was determined by RT-qPCR. In the presence of unstimulated CLL or healthy B cells, miR-155 expression in naïve T cells remained unchanged across all co-cultures. However, upon activation, healthy and leukemic B cells exerted differential effects on miR-155 expression in autologous naïve T cells. In the presence of autologous healthy B cells pre-activated with CpG-ODN2006 and IL-15, miR-155 expression in healthy naïve T cells was significantly increased (P = 0.0313) across all samples. Conversely, CLL naïve T cells co-cultured with autologous, pre-activated leukemic B cells showed heterogeneous modulation of miR-155. Of interest, the magnitude and direction of miR-155 changes in the autologous CLL co-cultures positively correlated not only with circulating Th17 levels (P = 0.019), as determined by flow cytometry, but also with patient time to first treatment (P = 0.0003). Moreover, when samples were divided into 2 groups based on an increase or decrease in miR-155 levels after exposure to activated compared to resting CLL B cells, a significant difference was seen with median survival of 237 months and 67 months, respectively (P = 0.005). Consistent with previous observations from our lab, this correlation was independent of various prognostic markers, including IGHV-mutation status. Our results suggest the existence of a miR-155 modulatory mechanism mediated by CLL B cells that differs based on leukemic B-cell activation state and the degree of change occurring when naïve T cells are exposed to resting vs. activated B cells. Moreover, this variable effect in CLL patients differs from that in normal individuals, and the effect influences number of Th17 cells and patient outcome. Studies are underway to determine the effects that leukemic B cells, unstimulated or CpG-ODN2006 + IL-15 stimulated, have on autologous naïve T-cell maturation into Th17 cells, and the extent that this process depends on the variable miR-155 modulatory capacity of leukemic B cells. Disclosures Chiorazzi: Janssen, Inc: Consultancy; AR Pharma: Equity Ownership.
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Bokus, Barbara. "Peer Co-Narration: Changes in Structure of Preschoolers' Participation." Journal of Narrative and Life History 2, no. 3 (January 1, 1992): 253–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jnlh.2.3.05pee.
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Abstract This article represents the interactional approach to the study of child narration. The analyses reveal the process of story creation by children in the roles of narrator and co-narrator. In building a narrative text alone (solo narration) or together with another child (co-narration), the child transmits new information to the peer listener about the adventures of storybook heroes. Nine hundred and sixty children ranging in age from 3 to 7 years took part in the investigation (384 in narrator and co-narrator roles and 576 in listener roles). A modified version of Peterson and McCabe's (1983) method of narrative analysis was used. The results showed that co-constructed narratives underwent change with age in reference complexity (greater change than in solo constructed ones). Co-narrator contributions were analyzed in terms of (a) new reference content (introducing new reference situations), and (b) operations upon the partner's text (in various categories mainly confirmational and supplementary). The dominant partner in introducing new content was the initiator of the dis-course, whereas the dominant one in performing text operations was the con-tinuer. Changes across the age span were found in both types of co-narrator contribution. These results showed the changing structure of preschoolers' par-ticipation in co-narrative discourse. (Psycholinguistics)
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Erdenee, Nyamdavaa, Uyanga Enkhnaran, Sevjidsuren Galsan, and Altantsog Pagvajav. "Lanthanum-Based Perovskite-Type Oxides La1−xCexBO3(B = Mn and Co) as Catalysts: Synthesis and Characterization." Journal of Nanomaterials 2017 (2017): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/9120586.
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La1−xCexCoO3(x= 0, 0.2, 0.4) and La1−xCexMnO3(x= 0, 0.2) perovskite-type oxides were prepared by sol-gel process. Characterization techniques EDS, FTIR, XRD, BET, and XPS experiments were performed to survey the composition, bulk structure, and the surface properties of perovskites. The reduction behavior, thermal stability, and catalytic activity were studied by H2-TPR and catalytic performance. All synthesized samples showed well crystalline perovskite structure, 8–22 nm crystallite sizes, and SSA with 2–27 m2 g−1. The XRD results showed that the Ce substitution promoted the structural transformation for LaCoO3from rhombohedral into cubic and for LaMnO3no change in lattice geometry. Substitution with cerium (x= 0.2) showed smaller crystallite size, higher SSA, and the highest reducibility and catalytic activity for LaCoO3.
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Schaper, Andreas K., Michael Schosnig, Ali Kutoglu, Werner Treutmann, and Helmut Rager. "Transition from the incommensurately modulated structure to the lock-in phase in Co-åkermanite." Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Science 57, no. 4 (July 24, 2001): 443–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108768101006930.
Full textAbstract:
The adaptation of the incommensurate structure modulation in Ca2CoSi2O7 (dicalcium cobalt disilicate) single crystals to decreasing temperature has been examined using in situ high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and electron diffraction. The transition from the incommensurate to the commensurate lock-in phase of Co-åkermanite exhibits a pronounced hysteresis of a highly strained metastable state with a characteristic microdomain morphology. A network of domain walls surrounding single orientation domains develops out of the room-temperature tartan pattern, the domains increase in size and their alignment changes from crystallographic to random. At 100 K the phase transition becomes almost complete. In parallel, the evolution of the modulation structure can be described by a change from a loose arrangement of octagonal tilings into a close-packed configuration of overlapping octagons in the commensurate low-temperature lock-in phase. Thereby, the octagon represents the ordered distribution of low-coordinated Ca clusters within a nanodomain extending over 4 × 4 subunits, on average [Riester et al. (2000). Z. Kristallogr. 215, 102–109]. The modulation wavevector was found to change from q 1,2 = 0.295 (a* ± b*) at 300 K to q 1,2 = 0.320 (a* ± b*) at 100 K.