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1

Goswami, Jitendra Nath, and Mylswamy Annadurai. "Chandrayaan-1 mission to the Moon." Acta Astronautica 63, no. 11-12 (December 2008): 1215–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2008.05.013.

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2

Griffin, Joanna. "Moon Vehicle: Reflections from an Artist-Led Children's Workshop on the Chandrayaan-1 Spacecraft's Mission to the Moon." Leonardo 45, no. 3 (June 2012): 218–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/leon_a_00363.

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This article reflects on the journey to the Moon of the spacecraft Chandrayaan-1 as it was interpreted through an artist-led workshop. The workshop participants were a group of children who lived close to where Chandrayaan was built and some of the engineers and scientists responsible for creating the spacecraft. Insights from the workshop show how a mission to the Moon draws on both the technological and the imaginative; they also have bearing on the relative agency of these individuals to contribute to the Moon missions in ways that are personally meaningful to them.
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3

Lohit Nimbagal, Rahul M, Sneha N. Teggi, Sushmitha M.R., Pavithra G., Sindhu Shree M., T.C.Manjunath, et al. "An overview of the design and development of lunar rover (Chandrayaan-2) for space applications." international journal of engineering technology and management sciences 7, no. 1 (2023): 232–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.46647/ijetms.2023.v07i01.032.

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The paper gives an brief overview of the design and development of lunar rover (Chandrayaan-2) for space applications. The Moon has always been the center of attention for mankind, more than any other heavenly body in More than any other heavenly body in the night sky, the Moon has long been the focus of human interest. The Moon has always presented mankind with a challenge to learn more about it and to marvel at its wonders because it bears the early history of the solar system. We can uncover the early evolution of the solar system and that of planet Earth by having a better understanding of the Moon. With the 2008 launch of the Chandrayaan-1 orbiter mission to the Moon, India's planetary exploration program was launched by the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO). India launched Chandrayaan-2, its second lunar exploration mission, nearly twelve years after its first lunar exploration mission. Chandrayaan-2, India's most technologically advanced aircraft, is on an unprecedented mission. The South Polar Region of the Moon will be studied by India's second lunar trip, which will draw on nearly ten years of scientific and Engineering advancement. A major accomplishment for both India and humanity, Chandrayaan-2 was the first mission ever to be sent to the southern pole of the moon. Both the high cold and constant darkness in this area make it extremely unsafe and have a bad impact on missions. India faced a tremendously difficult assignment as a result, and the entire world was interested in its outcome. Chandrayaan-1's eleven remote-sensing scientific instruments from ISRO, NASA, and ESA have made important discoveries, such as the identification of a water signature, the discovery of spinel minerals, lunar lava tubes, signs of recent volcanism, impact-triggered boulder movements, and the detection of sputtered atomic oxygen and backscattered helium on the lunar surface. Three components made up Chadrayaan-2: an orbiter, a lander, and a rover. 2019 saw the launch of this mission. During this mission, the Orbiter was successful in reaching the moon's orbit, but communication with the Lander was lost, which caused Lander to perform poorly and crash with the Pragyan rover and other scientific equipment. The work given here is a mini-project that is taken up as a part of the curriculum completed by electronics and communication engineering students in the second year of the electronics & communication engineering department at Dayananda Sagar College of Engineering in Bangalore.
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4

Banks, Michael. "Chandrayaan-1 mission blasts off to the Moon." Physics World 21, no. 11 (November 2008): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2058-7058/21/11/12.

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5

Vighnesam, N. V., Anatta Sonney, and N. S. Gopinath. "India’s first lunar mission Chandrayaan-1 initial phase orbit determination." Acta Astronautica 67, no. 7-8 (October 2010): 784–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2010.05.010.

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6

Goswami, J. N., D. Banerjee, N. Bhandari, M. Shanmugam, Y. B. Acharya, D. V. Subhedar, M. R. Sharma, et al. "High energy X-γ ray spectrometer on the Chandrayaan-1 mission to the Moon." Journal of Earth System Science 114, no. 6 (December 2005): 733–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02715958.

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7

Venugopal, I., Kasinathan Muthukkumaran, M. Annadurai, T. Prabu, and S. Anbazhagan. "Study on geomechanical properties of lunar soil simulant (LSS-ISAC-1) for chandrayaan mission." Advances in Space Research 66, no. 11 (December 2020): 2711–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2020.08.021.

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8

Heinicke, C., and B. Foing. "Human habitats: prospects for infrastructure supporting astronomy from the Moon." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 379, no. 2188 (November 23, 2020): 20190568. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2019.0568.

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There is strong interest in lunar exploration from governmental space agencies, private companies and the public. NASA is about to send humans to the lunar surface again within the next few years, and ESA has proposed the concept of the Moon Village, with the goal of a sustainable human presence and activity on the lunar surface. Although construction of the infrastructure for this permanent human settlement is envisaged for the end of this decade by many, there is no definite mission plan yet. While this may be unsatisfactory for the impatient, this fact actually carries great potential: this is the optimal time to develop a forward-looking science input and influence mission planning. Based on data from recent missions (SMART-1, Kaguya, Chang’E, Chandrayaan-1 and LRO) as well as simulation campaigns (e.g. ILEWG EuroMoonMars), we provide initial input on how astronomy could be incorporated into a future Moon Village, and how the presence of humans (and robots) on the Moon could help deploy and maintain astronomical hardware. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘Astronomy from the Moon: the next decades’.
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9

Spudis, P. D., D. B. J. Bussey, S. M. Baloga, B. J. Butler, D. Carl, L. M. Carter, M. Chakraborty, et al. "Initial results for the north pole of the Moon from Mini-SAR, Chandrayaan-1 mission." Geophysical Research Letters 37, no. 6 (March 2010): n/a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2009gl042259.

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10

Bhardwaj, Anil, Stas Barabash, Yoshifumi Futaana, Yoichi Kazama, Kazushi Asamura, David McCann, R. Sridharan, Mats Holmstrom, Peter Wurz, and Rickard Lundin. "Low energy neutral atom imaging on the Moon with the SARA instrument aboard Chandrayaan-1 mission." Journal of Earth System Science 114, no. 6 (December 2005): 749–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02715960.

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11

Iz, H., C. Shum, and C. Dai. "Polyaxial figures of the Moon from the lunar reconnaissance orbiter laser altimetry and multi-mission synthesis of the lunar shape." Journal of Geodetic Science 2, no. 2 (January 1, 2012): 107–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10156-011-0031-x.

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Polyaxial figures of the Moon from the lunar reconnaissance orbiter laser altimetry and multi-mission synthesis of the lunar shapeLast decade witnessed a plethora of missions to the Moon by China (Chang'E-1 and Chang-E-2), Japan (SELenological and ENgineering Explorer, SELENE), India (Chandrayaan-1) and USA (Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter), all carried out laser altimetry measurements. This study is a follow up to a series of earlier investigations that produced a number of new models to represent the gross geometric shape of the Moon using Unified Lunar Control 2005, Chang'E-1, and SELENE laser altimetry data using the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter laser altimetry measurements. The symmetric and asymmetric polyaxial geometric models derived from Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter laser altimetry data, namely, three, four and six-axial lunar figure parameters, are compared and contrasted with the corresponding model parameters estimated from the Chang'E-1 and SELENE laser altimetry. All solutions produced geometric shape, orientation parameters, and the parameters of the geometric center of lunar figure with respect to the center of mass of the Moon showing remarkable agreement with each other within 100 m. A combined solution by the fusion of uniformly sampled laser altimetry data from all three missions produced the best estimates for the lunar shape, orientation, and lunar center of figure parameters, and their realistic error estimates.
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12

Crawford, I. A., K. H. Joy, B. J. Kellett, M. Grande, M. Anand, N. Bhandari, A. C. Cook, et al. "The scientific rationale for the C1XS X-ray spectrometer on India's Chandrayaan-1 mission to the moon." Planetary and Space Science 57, no. 7 (June 2009): 725–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pss.2008.12.006.

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13

Mitrikas, V. G. "MODELING RADIATION LOADING OF RADIATION MONITOR RADOM ONBOARD SPACE VEHICLE "CHANDRAYAAN 1" DURING ITS FLIGHT WITHIN EARTH'S MAGNETOSPHERE." Aerospace and Environmental Medicine 55, no. 1 (2021): 76–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.21687/0233-528x-2021-55-1-76-81.

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Planners of a crewed mission to the Moon should have confidence in reliability of radiation dose estimations. In the absence of proton events during solar minimum the absorbed dose to the crew crossing the magnetosphere will be contributed primarily by protons and electrons of the inner and outer radiation belts of Earth, respectively. It is necessary to examine whether the existing electron forecast model is good enough for this purpose. The paper describes our efforts to model the radiation environment of RADOM onboard Chandrayaan 1 launched to the Moon on 22.10.2008, including the vehicle design in order to assess its shielding function. The geomagnetic field parameters were reproduced with the use of model А2000 developed at the Nuclear Physics Institute (Moscow State University). The absorbed doses were calculated with the help of standard Canopus-80 tools. Comparison of calculated and experimental data showed a good agreement for the period of solar minimum and quiet geomagnetic conditions.
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14

Bhalerao, R. H., S. S. Gedam, and J. Joglekar. "Scan line optimization for Tri stereo planetary images." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XL-3 (August 11, 2014): 33–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xl-3-33-2014.

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In this paper, we propose a new scan line optimization method for matching the triplet of images. In the present paper, the triplets are initially matched using an area based local method. The cost is stored in a structure called as the Disparity Space Image (DSI). Using the global minimum of this cost the initial disparity is generated. Next the local minima are considered as potential matches where global minimum gives erroneous results. These local minima are used for optimization of disparity. As the method is a scanned line optimization, it use popularly resampled images. The experiment is performed using Terrain Mapping Camera images from the Chandrayaan-1 mission. In order to validate the result for accuracy, Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter dataset from Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter mission is used. The method is again verified using standard Middlebury stereo dataset with ground truth. From experiments, it has been observed that using optimization technique for triplets, the total number of correct matches has increased by 5–10 % in comparison to direct methods. The method particularly gives good results at smooth regions, where dynamic programming and blockmatching gives limited accuracy.
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15

Torheim, O., K. Bronstad, K. Heerlein, U. Mall, A. Nathues, W. Nowosielski, P. Orleanski, et al. "Development of an Embedded CPU-Based Instrument Control Unit for the SIR-2 Instrument Onboard the Chandrayaan-1 Mission to the Moon." IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing 47, no. 8 (August 2009): 2836–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2009.2015940.

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16

Deng, Jiayin, Weiming Cheng, Yimeng Jiao, Jianzhong Liu, Jianping Chen, and Baixue Wang. "The Geological History of the Chang’e-5 Sample Return Region." Remote Sensing 13, no. 22 (November 19, 2021): 4679. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13224679.

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Chang’e-5 (CE-5), China’s first sample-return mission, has successfully landed in Oceanus Procellarum near Mons Rümker. It is important to have a detailed study of the geological evolution of the CE-5 sample return region. This work aims to study the geological background, topography, geomorphology, major chemical composition, mineralogy, and chronology of the landing site region. First, we used the map of topography obtained by the Kaguya TC merged Digital Terrain Model (DTM) to analyze the topographic characteristics. Then, we used the Kaguya Multiband Imager (MI) reflectance data to derive FeO and TiO2 abundance and the hyperspectral data of the Moon Mineralogy Mapper (M3) onboard the Chandrayaan-1 spacecraft to study the mineralogy of the landing site region. Later, we defined and dated the geological units of the landing area using the crater size–frequency distribution (CSFD) method. Finally, we conducted a detailed analysis of the volcanism and tectonism that occurred in the CE-5 landing area. The study region has experienced multi-stage magmatic activities (~3.36 Ga to ~1.22 Ga) and formed multiple mare units with different chemical and mineral compositions. The relationship between the wrinkle ridges cut by small impact craters suggests that the U7/Em5 has experienced Copernican aged tectonism recently ~320 Ma. The U7/Em5 unit where the Chang’e-5 sample return mission landed is dominantly composed of mature pyroxene and the basalts are mainly high-iron and mid-titanium basalts. Additionally, the analysis of pure basalt in the U7/Em5 suggests that the samples returned by the CE-5 mission may contain the ejecta and ray materials of young craters, including sharp B, Harding, Copernicus, and Aristarchus.
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17

Mithun, N. P. S., Santosh V. Vadawale, Giulio Del Zanna, Yamini K. Rao, Bhuwan Joshi, Aveek Sarkar, Biswajit Mondal, P. Janardhan, Anil Bhardwaj, and Helen E. Mason. "Soft X-Ray Spectral Diagnostics of Multithermal Plasma in Solar Flares with Chandrayaan-2 XSM." Astrophysical Journal 939, no. 2 (November 1, 2022): 112. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac98b4.

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Abstract Spectroscopic observations in X-ray wavelengths provide excellent diagnostics of the temperature distribution in solar flare plasma. The Solar X-ray Monitor (XSM) on board the Chandrayaan-2 mission provides broadband disk-integrated soft X-ray solar spectral measurements in the energy range of 1–15 keV with high spectral resolution and time cadence. In this study, we analyze the X-ray spectra of three representative GOES C-class flares obtained with the XSM to investigate the evolution of various plasma parameters during the course of the flares. Using the soft X-ray spectra consisting of the continuum and well-resolved line complexes of major elements like Mg, Si, and Fe, we investigate the validity of the isothermal and multithermal assumptions on the high-temperature components of the flaring plasma. We show that the soft X-ray spectra during the impulsive phase of the high-intensity flares are inconsistent with isothermal models and are best fitted with double-peaked differential emission measure distributions where the temperature of the hotter component rises faster than that of the cooler component. The two distinct temperature components observed in differential emission measure models during the impulsive phase of the flares suggest the presence of the directly heated plasma in the corona and evaporated plasma from the chromospheric footpoints. We also find that the abundances of low first ionization potential elements Mg, Si, and Fe reduce from near coronal to near photospheric values during the rising phase of the flare and recover back to coronal values during the decay phase, which is also consistent with the chromospheric evaporation scenario.
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18

Geng, X., S. Xing, and Q. Xu. "A GENERIC RIGOROUS SENSOR MODEL FOR PHOTOGRAMMETRIC PROCESSING OF PUSHBROOM PLANETARY IMAGES." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-2/W13 (June 5, 2019): 1389–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-2-w13-1389-2019.

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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Currently, each planetary exploration mission team always develops its own software modules to support the photogrammetric processing of planetary images, and as a result of that the main drawbacks are lacking software reusability and the high cost of software development and maintenance. This is mainly due to that there is lack of a highly universal sensor model in the planetary mapping community. This paper presents a generic rigorous sensor model (RSM) for the photogrammetric processing of pushbroom planetary images. The main contributions of this paper include: (1) the implementation details of the generic RSM; (2) the optimized coordinates transformation methods between 3D ground points and 2D image points for linear pushbroom images; (3) a pipeline to acquire exterior orientation (EO) parameters for each planetary image. The generic RSM is developed based on the methodology used in airborne linear scanners ADS40. Specifically, the generic RSM comprises of a camera file and an orientation data file for each image. The camera file stores each detector’s calibrated image coordinates and the orientation data file contains each scan line’s EO parameters, such that the RSM can perform coordinates transformation among pixel coordinates, focal plane coordinates and ground coordinates. Furthermore, the generic RSM supports varying exposure time, summing mode and image distortions, which are typical problems that need to be solved in planetary mapping. We tested the generic RSM with Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) Narrow Angle Camera (NAC), Chandrayaan-1 Moon Mineralogy Mapper (M3) and Mars Express (MEX) High Resolution Stereo Camera (HRSC) images. The geometric accuracy and computational efficiency of the developed generic RSM were compared with the famous planetary mapping software, namely Integrated System for Imagers and Spectrometers (ISIS). The experimental results demonstrate that the generic RSM has the merits of processing various types of pushbroom planetary images with a unified way and decreasing the software development and maintenance burden. Moreover, the developed generic RSM significantly improves the computational efficiency of orthophoto generation and tie points extraction for pushbroom planetary images.</p>
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19

Kumari, Himanshu, and Ashutosh Bhardwaj. "Analysis of Polarimetric Mini-SAR and Mini-RF Datasets for Surface Characterization and Crater Delineation on Moon." Environmental Sciences Proceedings 4, no. 1 (November 13, 2020): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ecas2020-08118.

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The hybrid polarimetric architecture of Mini-SAR and Mini-RF onboard Indian Chandrayaan-1 and LRO missions were the first to acquire shadowed polar images of the Lunar surface. This study aimed to characterize the surface properties of Lunar polar and non-polar regions containing Haworth, Nobile, Gioja, an unnamed crater, Arago, and Moltke craters and delineate the crater boundaries using a newly emerged approach. The Terrain Mapping Camera (TMC) data of Chandrayaan-1 was found useful for the detection and extraction of precise boundaries of the craters using the ArcGIS Crater tool. The Stokes child parameters estimated from radar backscatter like the degree of polarization (m), the relative phase (δ), Poincare ellipticity (χ) along with the Circular Polarization Ratio (CPR), and decomposition techniques, were used to study the surface attributes of craters. The Eigenvectors and Eigenvalues used to measure entropy and mean alpha showed distinct types of scattering, thus its comparison with m-δ, m-χ gave a profound conclusion to the lunar surface. The dominance of surface scattering confirmed the roughness of rugged material. The results showed the CPR associated with the presence of water ice as well as a dihedral reflection inside the polar craters.
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20

Prabu, T., Kasinathan Muthukkumaran, and I. Venugopal. "Assessment of dynamic properties of a new lunar highland soil simulant (LSS-ISAC-1) developed for Chandrayaan missions." Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering 155 (April 2022): 107178. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2022.107178.

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21

Venugopal, Indaram, Thannasi Prabu, Kasinathan Muthukkumaran, and Mylswamy Annadurai. "Development of a novel lunar highland soil simulant (LSS-ISAC-1) and its geotechnical properties for Chandrayaan missions." Planetary and Space Science 194 (December 2020): 105116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pss.2020.105116.

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22

Prabu, Thannasi, Kasinathan Muthukkumaran, Indaram Venugopal, and S. Anbazhagan. "Assessment of shear strength and compressibility characteristics of a newly developed lunar highland soil simulant (LSS-ISAC-1) for Chandrayaan lander and rover missions." Planetary and Space Science 209 (December 2021): 105354. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pss.2021.105354.

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23

Sarkar, Buddhadev, and Pabitra Kumar Mani. "Chandrayaan-2: A Memorable Mission Conducted by ISRO." Current Journal of Applied Science and Technology, December 31, 2020, 43–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/cjast/2020/v39i4331139.

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Aims: The Chandrayaan-2 aims to wave the Indian flag on the dark side (South Pole) of the Moon that had never been rendered by any country before. The mission had conducted to gather more scientific information about the Moon. There were three main components of the Chandrayann-2 spacecraft- an orbiter, a lander, and a rover, means to collect data for the availability of water in the South Pole of the Moon. Place and Duration of Study: The rover (Pragyan) was designed to operate for one Lunar day that is equivalent to 14 Earth days, whereas the orbiter is assumed to orbit the Moon for seven years instead of the previously planned for just one year. Overview: The Chandrayaan-2 spacecraft launched by India's heavy-lift rocket Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle-Mark III (GSLV MKIII) from the Satish Dhawan Space Center launch pad located on Sriharikota island of Andhra Prades. Unlike, Chandrayaan-1, this lunar mission aimed to perform a soft-landing on the South Pole of the Lunar surface and do scientific experiments with the help of the rover (Pragyan). Reason: The Chandrayaan-1, the first lunar mission of ISRO that detected water molecules on the Moon. The Chandrayaan-2 was a follow-on mission of Chandrayaan-1 to explore the presence of water molecules on the South Pole of the Moon. Conclusion: Although the orbiter fulfilled all of the command, unfortunately, the lander (Lander) lost its communication at the last moment to touch the Moon’s surface softly. Despite that, India again showed its potential in space missions. Chandrayaan- 2 was the most low budget lunar mission ever conducted by any space organization. The developing or even underdeveloped countries may come forward in their space program as ISRO is showing a convenient way in space missions.
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Sarkar, Buddhadev, and Pabitra Kumar Mani. "Chandrayaan-2: A Memorable Mission Conducted by ISRO." Current Journal of Applied Science and Technology, December 31, 2020, 43–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/cjast/2020/v39i4331139.

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Aims: The Chandrayaan-2 aims to wave the Indian flag on the dark side (South Pole) of the Moon that had never been rendered by any country before. The mission had conducted to gather more scientific information about the Moon. There were three main components of the Chandrayann-2 spacecraft- an orbiter, a lander, and a rover, means to collect data for the availability of water in the South Pole of the Moon. Place and Duration of Study: The rover (Pragyan) was designed to operate for one Lunar day that is equivalent to 14 Earth days, whereas the orbiter is assumed to orbit the Moon for seven years instead of the previously planned for just one year. Overview: The Chandrayaan-2 spacecraft launched by India's heavy-lift rocket Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle-Mark III (GSLV MKIII) from the Satish Dhawan Space Center launch pad located on Sriharikota island of Andhra Prades. Unlike, Chandrayaan-1, this lunar mission aimed to perform a soft-landing on the South Pole of the Lunar surface and do scientific experiments with the help of the rover (Pragyan). Reason: The Chandrayaan-1, the first lunar mission of ISRO that detected water molecules on the Moon. The Chandrayaan-2 was a follow-on mission of Chandrayaan-1 to explore the presence of water molecules on the South Pole of the Moon. Conclusion: Although the orbiter fulfilled all of the command, unfortunately, the lander (Lander) lost its communication at the last moment to touch the Moon’s surface softly. Despite that, India again showed its potential in space missions. Chandrayaan- 2 was the most low budget lunar mission ever conducted by any space organization. The developing or even underdeveloped countries may come forward in their space program as ISRO is showing a convenient way in space missions.
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25

Bhandari, Narendra, and Neeraj Srivastava. "Active moon: evidences from Chandrayaan-1 and the proposed Indian missions." Geoscience Letters 1, no. 1 (October 2, 2014). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40562-014-0011-y.

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26

Tripathi, Keshav R., R. K. Choudhary, K. M. Ambili, K. R. Bindu, R. Manikantan, and Umang Parikh. "A study on the characteristic features of the lunar ionosphere using Dual Frequency Radio Science (DFRS) experiment onboard Chandrayaan-2 orbiter." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters, May 30, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnrasl/slac058.

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Abstract We present ‘first of its kind’ measurements of the enhanced integrated electron density profiles (iEDPs) at the Lunar wake and trans-terminator regions using Radio Occultation (RO) experiments conducted with the Dual Frequency Radio Science (DFRS) payload onboard Chandrayaan-2 (CH2) spacecraft. DFRS uses one-way coherent signals at X and S-bands of radio frequencies for RO measurements. Detailed analysis of the results shows that the electron content is large (∼ 1.5 TECU, with 1 TECU = 1016 m−2) in the lunar wake region compared to the dayside. Large electron content is also seen near lunar polar regions during solar transition periods. These observations are unique in nature as they show post-sunset enhancements in the iEDPs compared to dayside as reported by earlier missions. These results further confirm recent predictions from the theoretical model for the Lunar ionosphere.
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