Journal articles: 'Change in Attachment'

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Gunsolley, J. C., and A. M. Best. "Change in Attachment Level." Journal of Periodontology 59, no. 7 (July 1988): 450–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1902/jop.1988.59.7.450.

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Rautenbach, Rene, Margie Sutherland, and Caren B. Scheepers. "The process by which executives unlearn their attachments in order to facilitate change." African Journal of Employee Relations (Formerly South African Journal of Labour Relations) 39, no. 2 (February 19, 2019): 145–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.25159/2520-3223/5876.

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Unlearning an attachment has become a critical change competence for executives. Although attachment behaviour in the workplace is ubiquitous, there is a scarcity of empirical research on the processes executives follow in order to release their dysfunctional attachments to systems, routines, ideas, divisions and certain members of staff. By unlearning attachments, executives can embrace new concepts, methods and processes and thereby enable their organisations to be more competitive. This qualitative research investigated executivesâ€™ experiences of unlearning an attachment, through the pre-unlearning, unlearning and post-unlearning phases. A de jure model was formulated from concepts that emerged during the literature review and this model was the basis of in-depth interviews with 10 change experts and 10 executives who had unlearned attachments. The executives and change experts shared real-life experiences during each of the unlearning phases. The findings informed a de facto model of the experiences of executives unlearning their attachments. This process model makes a theoretical contribution by depicting the major types of attachments, influences on, processes of, actions required by and outcome of the executivesâ€™ unlearning. The model should contribute to change practitionersâ€™ facilitation of executivesâ€™ unlearning processes and executivesâ€™ insights into their own attachments.

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Davila, Joanne, Dorli Burge, and Constance Hammen. "Why does attachment style change?" Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 73, no. 4 (1997): 826–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.73.4.826.

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Williams, Abigail, Megan C. Haggard, and Matthew M. Breuninger. "Feasibility of Attachment-Focused Self-Hypnosis to Change Insecure God Attachment." International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis 68, no. 2 (March 30, 2020): 246–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207144.2020.1724746.

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Petherick, Jillian, and Melanie J. Zimmer-Gembeck. "Attachment patterns during Year 12: Psychological symptoms, rejection sensitivity, loneliness, social competence, and support as correlates of stability and change." Australian Educational and Developmental Psychologist 23, no. 2 (2006): 65–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0816512200028996.

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AbstractYear 12 students are in a transitional year, academically and interpersonally. This year involves many changes and the need for students to make future plans, which can be a challenge for many adolescents. During times of transition, such as Year 12, expectations and beliefs about relationships and the relational self (i.e., attachment patterns) may undergo changes. Identifying attachment patterns among Australian Year 12 students was the first aim of this 6-month longitudinal study (N = 130, M age = 16.4). A second aim of this study was to determine correlates of attachment change and stability. These correlates included psychological symptoms, loneliness, rejection sensitivity, social competence, and social support. Using an adolescent version of Bartholomew and Horowitz’s (1991) Relationship Questionnaire, self-reported attachment style showed some change, with 36% of adolescents changing attachment style category during the study. Adolescents were classified into groups based on their attachment styles at the two assessments. Groups included adolescents who were stably insecure, stably insecure, changed to insecure and changed to insecure. When groups were compared, most hypothesised differences were found. First, stably insecure individuals had the most positive psychological functioning, and they had the most stable and positive perceptions of self and others when compared to other groups. Second, stably insecure adolescents were less well-adjusted than others. Third, the changed to insecure group showed improvements in functioning over time. However, it was not clear that adjustment had declined in the changed to insecure group.

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Johnson, Benjamin N., and Nancy G. Bliwise. "Your responses guide me: Decreased attachment anxiety through an online relationship-building paradigm." Interpersona: An International Journal on Personal Relationships 11, no. 1 (October 20, 2017): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5964/ijpr.v11i1.254.

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This study aims to improve self-reported attachment anxiety and avoidance through an online relationship-building paradigm. Seventy-seven undergraduate participants completed an online attachment-focused paradigm in which they developed a relationship with a virtual partner, and fifty participants successfully completed a second laboratory-based phase of the study. During the online phase, all participants completed the Experiences in Close Relationships―Revised questionnaire (ECR-R), the experimental group engaged in an interactive relationship-formation story with a virtual partner designed to enhance secure attachment, and control participants engaged in the program without guidance. Participants then visited the laboratory, were asked to recall the online interaction, and again completed the ECR-R. Overall, participants exhibited a significant decrease in their attachment anxiety, but not avoidance; however, change in attachment security did not differ based on study group. Change in the experimental condition was attributed to the secure focus of the guided interaction with the virtual partner. Change in the control condition, on the other hand, was attributed to general relationship practice and behavioral principles of operant conditioning. These results provide preliminary evidence for the effect of a virtual practice relationship on attitudes towards real-life attachments to significant others.

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Kernkamp, Willem A., Cong Wang, Changzou Li, Hai Hu, Ewoud R. A. van Arkel, Rob G. H. H. Nelissen, Robert F. LaPrade, Samuel K. van de Velde, and Tsung-Yuan Tsai. "The Medial Patellofemoral Ligament Is a Dynamic and Anisometric Structure: An In Vivo Study on Length Changes and Isometry." American Journal of Sports Medicine 47, no. 7 (May 9, 2019): 1645–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0363546519840278.

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Background: Medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) reconstruction is associated with a high rate of complications, including recurrent instability and persistent knee pain. Technical errors are among the primary causes of these complications. Understanding the effect of adjusting patellofemoral attachments on length change patterns may help surgeons to optimize graft placement during MPFL reconstruction and to reduce graft failure rates. Purpose: To determine the in vivo length changes of the MPFL during dynamic, weightbearing motion and to map the isometry of the 3-dimensional wrapping paths from various attachments on the medial femoral epicondyle to the patella. Study Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Methods: Fifteen healthy participants were studied with a combined computed tomography and biplane fluoroscopic imaging technique during a lunge motion (full extension to ~110° of flexion). On the medial femoral epicondyle, 185 attachments were projected, including the anatomic MPFL footprint, which was divided into 5 attachments (central, proximal, distal, posterior, and anterior). The patellar MPFL area was divided into 3 possible attachments (proximal, central, and distal). The length changes of the shortest 3-dimensional wrapping paths of the various patellofemoral combinations were subsequently measured and mapped. Results: For the 3 patellar attachments, the most isometric attachment, with an approximate 4% length change, was located posterior and proximal to the anatomic femoral MPFL attachment, close to the adductor tubercle. Attachments proximal and anterior to the isometric area resulted in increasing lengths with increasing knee flexion, whereas distal and posterior attachments caused decreasing lengths with increasing knee flexion. The anatomic MPFL was tightest in extension, decreased in length until approximately 30° of flexion, and then stayed near isometric for the remainder of the motion. Changing both the femoral and patellar attachments significantly affected the length changes of the anatomic MPFL ( P < .001 for both). Conclusion: The most isometric location for MPFL reconstruction was posterior and proximal to the anatomic femoral MPFL attachment. The anatomic MPFL is a dynamic, anisometric structure that was tight in extension and early flexion and near isometric beyond 30° of flexion. Clinical Relevance: Proximal and anterior MPFL tunnel positioning should be avoided, and the importance of anatomic MPFL reconstruction is underscored with the results found in this study.

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Holt, Laura J., Jonathan F. Mattanah, and Michelle W. Long. "Change in parental and peer relationship quality during emerging adulthood." Journal of Social and Personal Relationships 35, no. 5 (January 3, 2018): 743–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0265407517697856.

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We report on two longitudinal studies, where we examined how stability and change in attachment to parents and peers from the first to last year of college were associated with changes in theoretically relevant outcomes. As expected, students with consistently secure parental and peer attachment evidenced the best academic, social, and emotional functioning overall. Participants with “stable secure” parental attachment reported significant increases in their academic and emotional functioning and their social competencies; on the other hand, students with consistently low parental attachment showed a decline in their emotional functioning. Participants with stable secure peer attachment also reported lower overall levels of depression and loneliness, better social competence, and more favorable attitudes about help-seeking. Finally, students who transitioned from lower to higher parental attachment showed significant declines in loneliness; those transitioning from low to high peer attachment evidenced a significant increase in social functioning. We discuss implications for how college-based programming might serve to forestall declines in parental/peer attachment and/or facilitate skill building among students who identify with a more insecure style at college entry.

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Bond, Sharon. "Attachment in Adulthood: Structure, Dynamics, and Change." Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 197, no. 2 (February 2009): 144–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/nmd.0b013e318195fe3f.

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Δημάτης, Κωνσταντίνος, and Παναγιώτα Βορριά. "Σταθερότητα και αλλαγή των αναπαραστάσεων για τον δεσμό: η επίδραση της επιληψίας στην ποιότητα του δεσμού τον πρώτο χρόνο μετά τη διάγνωση." Psychology: the Journal of the Hellenic Psychological Society 26, no. 1 (March 24, 2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/psy_hps.26230.

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A secure mother-child attachment early in life promotes healthy socio-emotional development. Security of attachment can be maintained through positive parental care over time. Life stresses can impact on maternal availability and sensitivity and lead to changes in attachment quality towards insecure patterns of attachment. The present study, which is part of a larger research project, aims to explore for the first time in a Greek population of preschool- and school-aged children and their mothers the impact of pediatric illness on stability and change of mother-child attachment representations. Twenty-five children, 9 boys and 16 girls, 4-9 years old with a recent diagnosis of epilepsy, were assessed using the Manchester Child Attachment Story Task (MCAST) at two time points, T1 and T2. Participants’ mothers completed the Social Support Questionnaire (SSQ) at both times (Τ1, Τ2). The results seem to confirm the stability and change of attachment representations during the first year after the diagnosis of epilepsy. The importance of perceived social support by mothers for positive change of mother-child attachment representations is also stressed by the authors.

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Joseph, Michelle A., Thomas G. O'Connor, Jacqueline A. Briskman, Barbara Maughan, and Stephen Scott. "The formation of secure new attachments by children who were maltreated: An observational study of adolescents in foster care." Development and Psychopathology 26, no. 1 (October 29, 2013): 67–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579413000540.

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AbstractChildren who were maltreated and enter foster care are at risk for maladjustment and relationship disturbances with foster carers. A popular hypothesis is that prior attachment relationships with abusive birth parents are internalized and carried forward to impair the child's subsequent attachment relationships. However, the empirical base for this model is limited, especially in adolescence. We examined the attachment patterns of 62 adolescents with their birth parents and their foster parents; we compared them to a comparison sample of 50 adolescents in normal-risk families. Attachment was assessed using the Child Attachment Interview; adolescent–parent interaction quality was assessed from direct observation; disruptive behavior symptoms were assessed from multiple informants. Whereas nearly all of the adolescents in foster families exhibited insecure attachments to their birth mothers (90%) and birth fathers (100%), nearly one-half were classified as having a secure attachment with their foster mother (46%) and father (49%); rates of secure attachment toward foster parents did not differ significantly from the rate in comparison families. Within the foster care sample, attachment security to the foster mother was predicted from current observed relationship quality and the duration of current placement. In addition, attachment quality in foster adolescents was associated with fewer disruptive behavior symptoms, and this association was equally strong in foster and comparison families. Our findings demonstrate that there is substantial potential for maltreated children to change and develop subsequent secure attachments in adolescence.

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Manning, Leah B. "The relation between changes in maternal sensitivity and attachment from infancy to 3 years." Journal of Social and Personal Relationships 36, no. 6 (April 26, 2018): 1731–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0265407518771217.

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The purpose of this study was to examine whether children’s attachment status changed as a function of changes in maternal sensitivity during the first 3 years. This study used data from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development’s Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development and included 1,016 participants with attachment and maternal sensitivity data when the children were 15, 24, and 36 months of age. Results indicated that (1) concurrent measures of maternal sensitivity and attachment status were weakly associated. This association was strongest at 24 and 36 months and was predominantly accounted for by more sensitive maternal behavior predicting secure status. (2) A direct but weak relation was found between slopes of change in maternal sensitivity and changes in attachment status. And (3) multiple time points of maternal sensitivity jointly predicted changes in attachment, especially maternal sensitivity at 24 and 36 months. The findings of this study suggest that the influence of changes in parental sensitivity on child attachment is best understood in the context of ongoing parent–child interactions beginning in toddlerhood.

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Miller, S., and K. Klockner. "Attachment Styles and Attachment Based Change in Offenders in a Prison Therapeutic Community." Journal of Forensic Psychology Research and Practice 19, no. 3 (April 22, 2019): 260–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/24732850.2019.1603956.

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Kang, Kim, Kim, and Kwon. "In vitro Effects of Cyclic Dislodgement on Retentive Properties of Various Titanium-Based Dental Implant Overdentures Attachment System." Materials 12, no. 22 (November 16, 2019): 3770. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12223770.

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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the change in the retentive forces of four different titanium-based implant attachment systems during the simulation of insert–removal cycles in an artificial oral environment. Five types of titanium-based dental implant attachment systems (Locator, Kerator, O-ring, EZ-Lock, and Magnetic) were studied (n = 10). The specimens underwent insert–removal cycles in artificial saliva, and the retentive force was measured following 0, 750, 1500, and 2250 cycles. Significant retention loss was observed in all attachment systems, except the magnetic attachments, upon completion of 2250 insertion and removal cycles, compared to the initial retentive force (p < 0.05). A comparison of the initial retentive forces revealed the highest value for Locator, followed by the Kerator, O-ring, EZ-Lock, and Magnetic attachments. Furthermore, Kerator demonstrated the highest retentive loss, followed by Locator, O-ring, EZ-Lock, and Magnetic attachments after 2250 cycles (p < 0.05). In addition, the Locator and Kerator systems revealed significant decrease in retentive forces at all measurement points (p < 0.05). The retention force according to the insert–removal cycles were significantly different according to the types of dental implant attachment systems.

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Nisa, Claudia F., Jocelyn J. Bélanger, Birga M. Schumpe, and Edyta M. Sasin. "Secure human attachment can promote support for climate change mitigation." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 37 (September 10, 2021): e2101046118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2101046118.

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Attachment theory is an ethological approach to the development of durable, affective ties between humans. We propose that secure attachment is crucial for understanding climate change mitigation, because the latter is inherently a communal phenomenon resulting from joint action and requiring collective behavioral change. Here, we show that priming attachment security increases acceptance (Study 1: n = 173) and perceived responsibility toward anthropogenic climate change (Study 2: n = 209) via increased empathy for others. Next, we demonstrate that priming attachment security, compared to a standard National Geographic video about climate change, increases monetary donations to a proenvironmental group in politically moderate and conservative individuals (Study 3: n = 196). Finally, through a preregistered field study conducted in the United Arab Emirates (Study 4: n = 143,558 food transactions), we show that, compared to a message related to carbon emissions, an attachment security–based message is associated with a reduction in food waste. Taken together, our work suggests that an avenue to promote climate change mitigation could be grounded in core ethological mechanisms associated with secure attachment.

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Volling, Brenda L., and Jay Belsky. "Infant, Father, and Marital Antecedents of Infant Father Attachment Security in Dual-Earner and Single-Earner Families." International Journal of Behavioral Development 15, no. 1 (March 1992): 83–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016502549201500105.

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In contrast to the research examining infant-mother attachment, much less is known about the development of infant-father attachment relationships. Several recent findings suggest that infants in dual-earner families may develop insecure attachments not only to their mothers, but to their fathers as well. The purpose of the present study was to examine characteristics of the father, the infant, and the marital relationship as antecedents of secure/ insecure infant-father attachments in dual-earner and single-earner families as recent reports suggest that different family processes may exist within these two family ecologies. Longitudinal data from 113 fathers and their firstborn infants were collected before the birth of the child, and when infants were 3 and 9 months old, while Strange Situation assessments were conducted when infants were 13 months of age. Results indicated that change in perceived infant temperament, men's recollected child-rearing histories, and the division of labour distinguished families in which secure or insecure infant-father attachments developed. In only one instance, that of marital conflict, does it appear that different antecedent processes underlie the development of infant-father attachment security across the two family contexts. Results suggest that conclusions based upon research on the antecedents of infant-mother attachment security cannot be presumed to apply to the study of infant-father attachment.

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Keating, Leah, Giorgio A. Tasca, Mary Gick, Kerri Ritchie, Louise Balfour, and Hany Bissada. "Change in attachment to the therapy group generalizes to change in individual attachment among women with binge eating disorder." Psychotherapy 51, no. 1 (2014): 78–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0031099.

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Van Den Dries, Linda, Femmie Juffer, Marinus H. Van Ijzendoorn, Marian J. Bakermans-Kranenburg, and Lenneke R. A. Alink. "Infants' responsiveness, attachment, and indiscriminate friendliness after international adoption from institutions or foster care in China: Application of Emotional Availability Scales to adoptive families." Development and Psychopathology 24, no. 1 (January 31, 2012): 49–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579411000654.

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AbstractIn a short-term longitudinal design we investigated maternal sensitivity, child responsiveness, attachment, and indiscriminate friendliness in families with children internationally adopted from institutions or foster care in China. Ninety-two families with 50 postinstitutionalized and 42 formerly fostered girls, aged 11–16 months on arrival, were studied 2 and 6 months after adoption. Maternal sensitivity and child responsiveness were observed with the Emotional Availability Scales, attachment was assessed with the Strange Situation procedure, and mothers reported on children's indiscriminate friendliness. The postinstitutionalized children showed less secure attachment, whereas the former foster children did not differ from the normative distribution of attachment security. However, at both assessments the two groups of adopted children showed more disorganized attachments compared to normative data. Adoptive mothers of postinstitutionalized and former foster children were equally sensitive and their sensitivity did not change over time. Postinstitutionalized and former foster children did not differ on indiscriminate friendliness, but children with more sensitive adoptive mothers showed less indiscriminate friendliness. The former foster children showed a larger increase in responsiveness over time than the postinstitutionalized children, suggesting that children's responsiveness is more sensitive to change than attachment, and that preadoption foster care is more beneficial for the development of children's responsiveness after adoptive placement than preadoption institutional care.

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Hudson, Nathan W., William J. Chopik, and Daniel A. Briley. "Volitional Change in Adult Attachment: Can People Who Want to Become Less Anxious and Avoidant Move Closer towards Realizing those Goals?" European Journal of Personality 34, no. 1 (January 2020): 93–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/per.2226.

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People value relationships and want to relate to both friends and romantic partners in a secure and comfortable fashion. But can individuals move towards realizing this goal of their own volition? To address this question, across three studies with a combined total of more than 4000 participants, we developed and validated a new measure of people's desires to change their attachment anxiety and avoidance. In Study 1, we created the new, 16–item Change Goals—Experiences in Close Relationships measure. In Study 2, we replicated the Change Goals—Experiences in Close Relationships’ factor structure and demonstrated that it correlates in theoretically expected ways with criterion variables (e.g. people who were high in undesirable traits such as anxiety or avoidance generally wanted to change those traits; change goals were linked to dissatisfaction with relevant life domains). Finally, in Study 3, we conducted a 16–wave, weekly longitudinal study. Results indicated that goals to change attachment anxiety and avoidance predicted corresponding growth across time (e.g. people who wanted to become less anxious tended to experience declines in attachment anxiety across time). Thus, our research provides a new measure for studying changes in attachment and suggests people may be able to increase in attachment security per their own volition. © 2019 European Association of Personality Psychology

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Cicchetti, Dante, and Douglas Barnett. "Attachment organization in maltreated preschoolers." Development and Psychopathology 3, no. 4 (October 1991): 397–411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579400007598.

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AbstractAttachment theory predicts that maltreated children will form insecure patterns of attachment to their caregivers and that attachment relationships are open to change with development. In this cross-sectional/longitudinal investigation, we examined the attachment patterns of 125 maltreated and nonmaltreated preschoolers from the low socioeconomic strata (SES). Maltreated and demographically matched nonmaltreated comparison children were assessed in the Strange Situation at 30, 36, and 48 months of age, along with a subsample of children who were observed longitudinally across a 6- to 18-month period. Attachment relations were classified using a newly developed system for assessing attachment in the preschool years by Cassidy and Marvin (1991). Results revealed that, at each age, maltreated children were significantly more likely to evidence insecure patterns of attachment to their caregivers. The specific types of insecurity demonstrated by children varied with age. Longitudinally, the high percentage of nonmaltreated children who were classified as securely attached were likely to remain securely attached at subsequent assessments. In contrast, the small number of maltreated children who evidenced secure attachments were unlikely to be classified as secure at later assessments. These data provide new information on the patterns of attachment maltreated children exhibit in the preschool years.

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Kerlin, Ann Marie. "Therapeutic Change in a Christian SUD Program: Mental Health, Attachment, and Attachment to God." Alcoholism Treatment Quarterly 35, no. 4 (August 14, 2017): 395–411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07347324.2017.1355218.

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Tanimukai, Mitsue, Emiko Katsurada, and Junko Akazawa. "The change of attachment representation in middle-childhood." Proceedings of the Annual Convention of the Japanese Psychological Association 82 (September 25, 2018): 3EV—084–3EV—084. http://dx.doi.org/10.4992/pacjpa.82.0_3ev-084.

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Kelly, Gail, and Karin Hosking. "Nonpermanent Residents, Place Attachment, and “Sea Change” Communities." Environment and Behavior 40, no. 4 (January 17, 2008): 575–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0013916507302246.

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Burley, David, Pam Jenkins, Shirley Laska, and Traber Davis. "Place Attachment and Environmental Change in Coastal Louisiana." Organization & Environment 20, no. 3 (September 2007): 347–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1086026607305739.

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Allen, Joseph P., Kathleen Boykin McElhaney, Gabriel P. Kuperminc, and Kathleen M. Jodl. "Stability and Change in Attachment Security Across Adolescence." Child Development 75, no. 6 (December 2004): 1792–805. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2004.00817.x.

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Tucker, David J., and Michael J. MacKenzie. "Attachment theory and change processes in foster care." Children and Youth Services Review 34, no. 11 (November 2012): 2208–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2012.07.020.

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Wesselmann, Debra, and Ann E. Potter. "Change in Adult Attachment Status Following Treatment With EMDR: Three Case Studies." Journal of EMDR Practice and Research 3, no. 3 (August 2009): 178–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1933-3196.3.3.178.

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Three case studies illustrate pre– and post–eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) adult attachment status as measured by the Adult Attachment Interview (AAI). Two adult males and one adult female presented for outpatient therapy; all of them were categorized with an insecure or disorganized attachment status at pretreatment. All presented with symptoms of depression and anxiety and complaints regarding problems in their current marital and family relationships. The three patients received 10 to 15 EMDR sessions over the course of approximately 1 year, interspersed with talk therapy sessions for the purpose of debriefing and psychoeducation. The EMDR approach utilized all eight phases of treatment within the three-pronged approach. Following EMDR therapy, all three patients made positive changes in attachment status as measured by the AAI, and all three reported positive changes in emotions and relationships. This article provides an overview of the literature related to adult attachment categories and summarizes the effect of adult attachment status on emotional and social functioning. The rationale and scoring procedures for the AAI are explained.

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Yanke, Adam B., Hailey P. Huddleston, Kevin Campbell, Michael L. Redondo, Alejandro Espinoza, Jorge Chahla, Brian J. Cole, and Jack Farr. "Effect of Patella Alta on the Native Anatomometricity of the Medial Patellofemoral Complex: A Cadaveric Study." American Journal of Sports Medicine 48, no. 6 (April 30, 2020): 1398–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0363546520916435.

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Background: Patella alta has been identified as an important risk factor for lateral patellar instability and medial patellofemoral complex (MPFC) reconstruction failure. Purpose: To evaluate the length changes of the MPFC at multiple possible reconstruction locations along the extensor mechanism in varying degrees of patella alta throughout knee motion. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Eight fresh-frozen cadaveric knees were used in this study. The MPFC was identified and dissected with the patellar tendon and quadriceps tendon. A custom-made jig was utilized to evaluate lengths from 0° to 90° of flexion with physiological quadriceps loading. Length was measured with a 3-dimensional robotic arm at 4 possible reconstruction locations along the extensor mechanism: the midpoint patella (MP), the MPFC osseous center (FC), the superior medial pole of the patella (SM) at the level of the quadriceps insertion, and 1 cm proximal to the SM point along the quadriceps tendon (QT). These measurements were repeated at 0°, 20°, 40°, 60° and 90° of flexion. Degrees of increasing severity of patella alta at Caton-Deschamps index (CDI) ratios of 1.0, 1.2, 1.4, and 1.6 were then investigated. Results: Patella alta and MPFC attachment site location significantly affected changes in MPFC length from 0° to 90° of flexion ( P< .0005). Length changes at attachment MP showed no difference when CDI 1.0 was compared with all patella alta values (CDI 1.2, 1.4, 1.6; P > .05). Similarly, FC showed no difference in length change from 0° to 90° until CDI 1.6, in contrast to proximal attachments (SM, QT), which demonstrated significant changes at CDI 1.4 and 1.6. When length changes were analyzed at each degree of flexion (0°, 20°, 40°, 60°, 90°), Spearman correlation analysis showed a moderate negative linear correlation for QT at CDI 1.0 ( r= −0.484; P = .002) and 1.6 ( r = −0.692; P < .0005), demonstrating constant loosening at the QT point at normal and elevated patellar height. In contrast, no differences in length were observed for MP at CDI 1.0 throughout flexion, and at CDI 1.6, there was a difference only at 0° ( P < .05). Points FC and MP at CDI 1.6 had similar length change properties to points SM and QT at CDI 1.0 ( P > .05), suggesting that distal attachments in the setting of patella alta may provide similar length changes to proximal attachmentswith normal height. Conclusion: Anisometry of the MPFC varies not only with attachment location on the extensor mechanism but also with patellar height. Increased patellar height leads to more significant changes in anisometry in the proximal MPFC attachment point as compared with the distal component. In the setting of patella alta, including a CD ratio of 1.6, the osseous attachments of the MPFC remain nearly isometric wheras the proximal half length changes increase significantly. Clinical Significance: The results of this study support the idea that the MPFC should be considered as 2 separate entities (proximal medial quadriceps tendon femoral ligament and distal medial patellofemoral ligament) owing to their unique length change properties.

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VONDRA, JOAN I., DANIEL S. SHAW, LAURE SWEARINGEN, MEREDITH COHEN, and ELIZABETH B. OWENS. "Attachment stability and emotional and behavioral regulation from infancy to preschool age." Development and Psychopathology 13, no. 1 (March 2001): 13–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095457940100102x.

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Relations between attachment and child emotional and behavioral regulation were studied longitudinally in a sample of 223 children from urban, low-income families. Attachment in the Strange Situation at 12 and 18 months was scored using the infant classification system and at 24 months was scored using a preschool classification system. Only modest stability was found in attachment whether within or across classification systems, with the percentage of insecure attachments consistently increasing over time. Results indicated both concurrent and predictive associations with indices of child regulation based on observer ratings or maternal report. However, only the 24-month classification predicted maternal report of externalizing and internalizing behavior problems at age 3.5 years, with additional variance accounted for by selected measures of child emotional and behavior regulation from the same assessment. Attachment security (B) and atypical attachment classifications (D, A/C, and AD) appear to provide the most consistently useful information about child functioning. Results are discussed in terms of continuity and change from the perspective of developmental psychopathology.

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Wiseman, Hadas, and Orya Tishby. "Client attachment, attachment to the therapist and client-therapist attachment match: How do they relate to change in psychodynamic psychotherapy?" Psychotherapy Research 24, no. 3 (March 20, 2014): 392–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10503307.2014.892646.

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THOMPSON, ROSS A., and H. ABIGAIL RAIKES. "Toward the next quarter-century: Conceptual and methodological challenges for attachment theory." Development and Psychopathology 15, no. 3 (August 1, 2003): 691–718. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579403000348.

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Attachment theory and research have offered fundamental insights into early sociopersonality development for the past quarter-century. As its scope expands throughout the life course with applications to developmental psychopathology, however, attachment work faces important conceptual and methodological challenges. These include (a) expanding Bowlby's theoretical formulations to address developmental changes in the nature of attachment organization beyond infancy, the converging influence of multiple attachment relationships, and the nature and development of internal working models; (b) systematically validating assessments of attachment security for older ages in the context of enhanced theoretical understanding of how attachment itself changes with age; (c) new methodological approaches to understanding the relations between attachment and later behavior in light of empirical evidence of stability and change in attachment security and the need for explicit theoretical predictions of the sequelae of attachment security; and (d) more complex conceptualizations of the associations among attachment, contextual risk, and later behavior. These are similar to the challenges facing the original pioneers of attachment theory and research, suggesting that familiar problems must now be reconsidered against the landscape of new applications of attachment work and the insights of contemporary developmental science.

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Wynveen, Christopher J., Ingrid E. Schneider, Arne Arnberger, Stuart Cottrell, and Eick von Ruschkowski. "Integrating Place Attachment into Management Frameworks: Exploring Place Attachment Across the Recreation Opportunity Spectrum." Environmental Management 66, no. 2 (April 25, 2020): 248–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00267-020-01292-7.

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Nitecki, Elena. "Looping and Attachment in Early Childhood Education: How Applications of Epigenetics Demand a Change." Journal of the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning 17, no. 2 (May 11, 2017): 85–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.14434/josotl.v17i2.20840.

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Increasing focus on the quality of child care and pre-K is calling attention to the circumstances of child care and impact on the child’s social and emotional health, specifically in terms of attachment. The early childhood profession recognizes that consistency in caregiving is essential for the child’s attachment. Looping, the practice of keeping a group of children with the same teacher for more than year, has the potential to provide that consistency that is critical for attachment. The field of epigenetics and its compelling findings in regard to attachment demand a second look at looping and how it can be implemented to maintain attachment, which is critical to the child’s physical, cognitive, and emotional health now and in the future. This case study conducted at a preschool that practices looping examines the benefits and challenges of looping through the lens of applied epigenetics.

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Davila, Joanne, Benjamin R. Karney, and Thomas N. Bradbury. "Attachment change processes in the early years of marriage." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 76, no. 5 (1999): 783–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.76.5.783.

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Sauer, Eric M., Kenneth G. Rice, Kristin E. Roberts, and Clarissa M. E. Richardson. "Client attachment and change in mental health during psychotherapy." Psychotherapy 57, no. 4 (December 2020): 574–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/pst0000304.

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Ho, S. Shaun, Adrianna Torres-Garcia, and James E. Swain. "Evolutionary processes and mother-child attachment in intentional change." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 37, no. 4 (August 2014): 426–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x13003336.

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AbstractBehavioral change may occur through evolutionary processes such as running stochastic evolutionary algorithms, with a fitness function to determine a winning solution from many. A science of intentional change will therefore require identification of fitness functions – causal mechanisms of adaptation – that can be acquired only with analytical approaches. Fitness functions may be subject to early-life experiences with parents, which influence some of the very same brain circuits that may mediate behavioral change through interventions.

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Adams, Helen. "Why populations persist: mobility, place attachment and climate change." Population and Environment 37, no. 4 (September 16, 2015): 429–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11111-015-0246-3.

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Marmarosh, Cheri L., and Giorgio A. Tasca. "Adult Attachment Anxiety: Using Group Therapy to Promote Change." Journal of Clinical Psychology 69, no. 11 (September 24, 2013): 1172–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jclp.22044.

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Grobert, Julien, Caroline Cuny, and Marianela Fornerino. "Surprise! We changed the logo." Journal of Product & Brand Management 25, no. 3 (May 16, 2016): 239–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jpbm-06-2015-0895.

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Purpose This paper aims to investigate the impact of brand attachment and familiarity on perceived congruence between the logo and the brand. It explores the role of an under-researched factor, surprise, on perceived congruence in the case of a radical logo change. Design/methodology/approach A study was conducted with 220 students following a university logo change. Perceived congruence between the logos (old and new) and the school brand values was measured for two kinds of students, current and future (i.e. applicants). Findings Results show the importance of surprise in the acceptance of a logo change. Brand familiarity and brand attachment affect surprise in opposite ways, such that higher familiarity increases negative surprise, whereas higher attachment enhances positive surprise. Research limitations/implications This research used a school logo. Because schools represent a particular type of company, brand attachment to another type of brand could be different. The current model needs to be tested in different contexts. Practical implications Companies must pay special attention when communicating with their most attached consumers. In particular, companies that aim to change their logos must prepare for the change by relying on communications that can lead to positive surprise. Originality/value This study was conducted in a real context of logo change. It is the first study to focus on the link among familiarity, attachment and surprise when a radical logo change takes place within a company.

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Davila, Joanne, and Rebecca J. Cobb. "Predicting Change in Self-Reported and Interviewer-Assessed Adult Attachment: Tests of the Individual Difference and Life Stress Models of Attachment Change." Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 29, no. 7 (July 2003): 859–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0146167203029007005.

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Altuwairiqi, Majid, Nan Jiang, and Raian Ali. "Problematic Attachment to Social Media: Five Behavioural Archetypes." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 12 (June 17, 2019): 2136. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16122136.

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Today, social media play an important role in people’s daily lives. Many people use social media to satisfy their personal and social needs, such as enhancing self-image, acquiring self-esteem, and gaining popularity. However, when social media are used obsessively and excessively, behavioural addiction symptoms can occur, leading to negative impacts on one’s life, which is defined as a problematic attachment to social media. Research suggests that tools can be provided to assist the change of problematic attachment behaviour, but it remains unclear how such tools should be designed and personalised to meet individual needs and profiles. This study makes the first attempt to tackle this problem by developing five behavioural archetypes, characterising how social media users differ in their problematic attachments to them. The archetypes are meant to facilitate effective ideation, creativity, and communication during the design process and helping the elicitation and customisation of the variability in the requirements and design of behaviour change tools for combatting problematic usage of social media. This was achieved by using a four-phase qualitative study where the diary study method was considered at the initial stage, and also the refinement and confirmation stage, to enhance ecological validity.

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Fleiss, Joseph L., Sylvan Wallenstein, Neal W. Chillton, and J. Max Goodson. "A re-examination of within-mouth correlations of attachment level and of change in attachment level." Journal of Clinical Periodontology 15, no. 7 (August 1988): 411–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-051x.1988.tb01594.x.

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Liotti, Giovanni. "Patterns of Attachments and the Assessment of Interpersonal Schemata: Understanding and Changing Difficult Patient-Therapist Relationships in Cognitive Psychotherapy." Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy 5, no. 2 (January 1991): 105–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0889-8391.5.2.105.

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The results of empirical studies of attachment behavior in children provide the cognitive psychotherapist with powerful conceptual tools that may be profitably used in some puzzling instances of patient’s behavior within the therapeutic relationship. Some patients ask energetically for the therapist’s reassurance and at the same time resist the therapist’s comforting responses. Others seem compelled to avoid any expression of personal vulnerability as soon as they perceive the therapist’s empathic availability to listen to their painful emotional experiences. Other patients utter their requests for help in a most confused, mutable and contradictory way. When the therapist deals with such kinds of therapeutic relationship, the knowledge of the representational models of self and the attachment figure that may be inferred from abnormal patterns of attachment (anxious-resistant, avoidant and disorganized/disoriented attachments) guides the assessment and change of the patient’s interpersonal schemata in a most profitable way.

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Abdel AaL, Marwa, Amr Naguib, Ahmed Salah, Karim Foda, Nora Sheta, and Nouran Abdel Nabi. "Masticatory Ability for a Single Implant Mandibular Overdenture Retained by Two Different Attachments: A Randomized Controlled Trial." International Journal of Dentistry 2021 (September 8, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/1632848.

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Objective. The aim of this randomized clinical trial was to compare the masticatory ability subjectively between ball and Cendres+Métaux Locator (CM-LOC) attachment for a single implant retained mandibular overdenture throughout a 24-month follow-up period. Materials and Methods. Eighty completely edentulous patients were recruited. All patients received new complete dentures, and masticatory ability was recorded using a questionnaire (baseline record). All patients received a single implant in the midline of the completely edentulous mandible. After 3-month healing period, patients were randomized using sealed envelopes into two groups: ball or CM-LOC attachment. The same masticatory ability questionnaire was used to record masticatory ability for both groups after 2 weeks of pickup and 3-, 6-, 9-, 12-, and 24-month follow-up. Comparison between the study groups was done using Mann–Whitney U test for independent samples. Two-sided P values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results. The mean masticatory scores improved for both attachments, with no statistically significant difference between them throughout the 24-month follow-up. The CM-LOC attachment group showed a greater improvement change in masticatory ability after 6- and 12-month follow-up (−12.47 ± 12.006, −11.46 ± 14.625; P = 0.826 ), while the ball attachment group showed a slight improvement after the 24-month follow-up (−11.72 ± 12.368, −10.88 ± 11.963; P = 0.778 ). Conclusion. Single implant retained mandibular overdenture improved masticatory ability subjectively with no significant difference between both attachments used although the ball attachment showed better masticatory ability scores after 24-month follow-up.

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Shi, Liang, Da Sheng Wei, and Yan Rong Wang. "Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Circular Arc Dovetail Attachments under Fatigue Loading." Applied Mechanics and Materials 541-542 (March 2014): 564–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.541-542.564.

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Fretting fatigue is an important failure mode of dovetail attachments in gas turbine engines. One of the most difficult challenges in carrying out experiments of components with actual geometry is the design of fixtures for the dovetail attachments since it can change the stress distribution under a given load. A circular arc dovetail attachment specimen with a tenon at each end respectively was designed and machined to simulate the fatigue damage that occurs in wide-chord fan blade attachments, so it can perform two dovetail attachment simulations at each time, and its related fixture was connected with the testing machine by two pins which were orthogonal to each other so as to eliminate additional bending moment. An Instron 8802 servo-hydraulic fatigue testing system was used to provide fatigue loads. Furthermore, Finite Element (FE) analysis based on the experimental configuration was carried out to obtain the stress distribution on the contact surface, crack initiation location and number of cycles to the fretting fatigue failure were predicted based on the FE results. The results show a good agreement with the experimental counterparts.

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Jarolmen, Joann. "A Comparison of the Grief Reaction of Children and Adults: Focusing on Pet Loss and Bereavement." OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 37, no. 2 (January 1, 1998): 133–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/h937-u230-x7d9-cvkh.

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Based on the fact that the human-animal bond has existed through recorded history and researchers are now beginning to explore humans' reactions to its loss, this study attempts to answer the following questions: Does human attachment to a pet vary with age/stage of development? Does grief vary by age/stage of development? Does the length and intensity of grief change if the loss was anticipated or sudden? The purpose of this study is to understand attachment and bereavement/loss in children and adolescents as compared to adults. The “Pet Attachment Survey,” the “Grief Experience Inventory,” and “Questions for Each Person in the Study” were the instruments used in this study. The participants included 106 children, 57 adolescents, and 270 adults who had lost their pets within a twelve-month interval. The findings suggest that children and adolescents have similar attachments to their pets. Children grieved more than adults in this study. Anticipated grief partially helped participants to allay the grief response.

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Michalowicz, Bryan S., James S. Hodges, and Bruce Lee Pihlstrom. "Is change in probing depth a reliable predictor of change in clinical attachment loss?" Journal of the American Dental Association 144, no. 2 (February 2013): 171–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.14219/jada.archive.2013.0096.

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Varanda, Carla, Maria do Rosário Félix, Cláudio M. Soares, Solange Oliveira, and Maria Ivone Clara. "Specific amino acids of Olive mild mosaic virus coat protein are involved in transmission by Olpidium brassicae." Journal of General Virology 92, no. 9 (September 1, 2011): 2209–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.032284-0.

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Transmission of Olive mild mosaic virus (OMMV) is facilitated by Olpidium brassicae (Wor.) Dang. An OMMV mutant (OMMVL11) containing two changes in the coat protein (CP), asparagine to tyrosine at position 189 and alanine to threonine at position 216, has been shown not to be Olpidium brassicae-transmissible owing to inefficient attachment of virions to zoospores. In this study, these amino acid changes were separately introduced into the OMMV genome through site-directed mutagenesis, and the asparagine-to-tyrosine change was shown to be largely responsible for the loss of transmission. Analysis of the structure of OMMV CP by comparative modelling approaches showed that this change is located in the interior of the virus particle and the alanine-to-threonine change is exposed on the surface. The asparagine-to-tyrosine change may indirectly affect attachment via changes in the conformation of viral CP subunits, altering the receptor binding site and thus preventing binding to the fungal zoospore.

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Tereno, Susana, Sheri Madigan, Karlen Lyons-Ruth, Andre Plamondon, Leslie Atkinson, Nicole Guedeney, Tim Greacen, Romain Dugravier, Thomas Saias, and Antoine Guedeney. "Assessing a change mechanism in a randomized home-visiting trial: Reducing disrupted maternal communication decreases infant disorganization." Development and Psychopathology 29, no. 2 (April 12, 2017): 637–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579417000232.

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AbstractAlthough randomized interventions trials have been shown to reduce the incidence of disorganized attachment, no studies to date have identified the mechanisms of change responsible for such reductions. Maternal sensitivity has been assessed in various studies and shown to change with intervention, but in the only study to formally assess mediation, changes in maternal sensitivity did not mediate changes in infant security of attachment (Cicchetti, Rogosch, & Toth, 2006). Primary aims of the current randomized controlled intervention trial in a high-risk population were to fill gaps in the literature by assessing whether the intervention (a) reduced disorganization, (b) reduced disrupted maternal communication, and (c) whether reductions in disrupted maternal communication mediated changes in infant disorganization. The results indicated that, compared to controls (n= 52), both infant disorganization and disrupted maternal communication were significantly reduced in the intervention group (n= 65) that received regular home-visiting during pregnancy and the first year of life. Furthermore, reductions in disrupted maternal communication partially accounted for the observed reductions in infant disorganization compared to randomized controls. The results are discussed in relation to the societal cost effectiveness of early attachment-informed interventions for mothers and infants, as well as the importance of formally assessing underlying mechanisms of change in order to improve and appropriately target preventive interventions.

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Khan, Faaiza, Jia Y. Chong, Jaclyn C. Theisen, R. Chris Fraley, Jami F. Young, and Benjamin L. Hankin. "Development and change in attachment: A multiwave assessment of attachment and its correlates across childhood and adolescence." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 118, no. 6 (June 2020): 1188–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/pspi0000211.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Change in Attachment'

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