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1
Shrider, Emily A. "The Effects of Initial Status and Cohort on Suburban Neighborhood Status Change." The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1292858293.
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Drescher, Amy Andersen. "Nutritional status change in patients receiving outpatient chemotherapy." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/289797.
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Considerable changes in the practice of chemotherapy have occurred which include the shift of the majority of therapy to an outpatient setting and the availability of more effective antiemetic agents to treat nausea and vomiting. The outpatient delivery of chemotherapy is also characterized by limited nutrition intervention. Data are not available that define the impact of these changes in chemotherapy practice on the nutritional status of outpatients receiving chemotherapy. Consequently, this study was designed to address four primary aims. The first aim was to observe the change in degree of common side effects, or symptom distress, and in nutritional and functional status measures over 3 months in outpatient chemotherapy patients. The second aim was to test the utility of two versions of a nutrition risk scoring tool. Version A includes weight change and subjective appetite ratings. Version B incorporates change in fat-free mass (FFM) measures by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and energy and protein intakes. The third purpose was to examine the relationship of the nutritional and other factors studied with response to chemotherapy. Finally, comparisons were made among the body composition results from skinfold thickness measures and BIA using instrument manufacturer-supplied and population-specific equations. A key finding from this study was that Nutrition Risk Score A detected nutritional change over time and lower scores were correlated with positive chemotherapy response. Unanticipated findings from this study were the significant gender differences in nutritional and clinical factors and their relationships to chemotherapy response. Male subjects experienced weight loss and an overall decrease in nutritional status as demonstrated by an increase in Nutritional Risk Score A, while female subjects did not have weight loss and had a trend towards improved Nutritional Risk Score A. The Kushner et al (1992) BIA equation produced the closest estimates of body fat mass to those obtained using the Durnin and Womersley (1974) skinfold method. The population-based BIA equations were not interchangeable with each other or with the manufacturer's equation. Except for female breast cancer patients, the population-based BIA equations were interchangeable with each other for estimating FFM, but not with the manufacturer's equation.
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Tyree, Daniel J. "Environmental Change and the Physical Growth Status of Somali Children Born in the United States." The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1276756377.
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Hua, Cassandra Leigh. "Childhood socioeconomic status and weight change in later life." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1554384334613957.
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Delmestri, Giuseppe, and Royston Greenwood. "How Cinderella Became a Queen: Theorizing Radical Status Change." Sage, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0001839216644253.
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Using a case study of the Italian spirit grappa, we examine status recategorization - the vertical extension and reclassification of an entire market category. Grappa was historically a low-status product, but in the 1970s one regional distiller took steps that led to a radical break from its traditional image, so that in just over a decade high-quality grappa became an exemplar of cultured Italian lifestyle and held a market position in the same class as cognac and whisky. We use this context to articulate "theorization by allusion", which
occurs through three mechanisms: category detachment-distancing a social
object from its existing category; category emulation-presenting that object
so that it hints at the practices of a high-status category; and category
sublimation-shifting from local, field-specific references to broader, societal-level frames. This novel theorization is particularly appropriate for explaining
change from low to high status because it avoids resistance to and contestation of such change (by customers, media, and other sources) as a result of status imperatives, which may be especially strong in mature fields. Unlike prior
studies that have examined the status of organizations within a category, ours foregrounds shifts in the status and social meaning of a market category itself. (authors' abstract)
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HENDERSON, ERIC BRUCE. "WEALTH, STATUS AND CHANGE AMONG THE KAIBETO PLATEAU NAVAJO (ARIZONA)." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/187979.
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This study focuses on the wealth stratification system of the Navajo of the Kaibeto Plateau. The Kaibeto Plateau was settled by the Navajo in the mid-nineteenth century. By the 1930s they had developed an economically and socially stratified society rooted in a livestock economy and influenced by institutions of the surrounding society. In the years since livestock activities have been severely constrained by the federal government: Holdings have been radically decreased and pastoralism has ceased to be the main source of income and subsistence. These changes are described and analyzed. Wealth stratification is conceived of as a phenomenon to be explained and one which has implications for the study of social change. In the 1930s a handful of families owned most of the livestock in the region. These families were, uniformly, descendants of the wealthier and more prominent early settlers. Even after federal programs destroyed the economic advantage these wealthy families possessed, the children of the relatively wealthy have, at least until recent years, continued to prosper (relative to their poorer neighbors) in various ways. They have, on average, higher levels of educational attainment and better occupational profiles. The different responses of individuals at different levels in the social hierarchy have effected the composition of the rural population. More descendants of the wealthy have moved away and/or married individuals from distant communities. Social structures which functioned in the livestock economy to integrate families in the region have disintegrated. The chapter has emerged as an important social and political unit. Although the wealthy families seemed to have dominated chapter politics initially, recent elections indicate a declining influence. The historical facts reported here indicate the importance of social variability in the study of social change. It is argued that the Navajo were never a socially homogeneous group. Thus institutional pressures and shifting government policies have not affected all families in the same manner. Such findings have implications not only for the way in which anthropologists theorize about tribal people and social change, but also have implications for those responsible government officials who seek to formulate solutions to perceived problems on contemporary American Indian reservations.
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Ferrie, Jane Elizabeth. "Change in employment status and health in white collar workers." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.322313.
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Restructuring and widespread workplace closures have exposed white-collar workers to unprecedented levels of job insecurity and unemployment. This thesis describes two studies which examined effects on health of job insecurity and job loss in a longitudinal study of 10,308 white-collar British civil servants. Study 1 examined the consequences of short and long-term job insecurity generated by the transfer of work to agencies which were periodically under threat of privatisation. Relative to unaffected controls, self-reported morbidity increased significantly among respondents expecting transfer to an agency. Physiological measurements, such as blood pressure and body mass index, deteriorated significantly among respondents working in an agency. Increases in morbidity were greater in men than women. Study 2 examined the effects of job insecurity and job loss for respondents in one complete Civil Service department sold to the private sector. Data from three time points were analysed: 2 years pre-privatisation (anticipation phase); 3 months pre-privatisation (pretermination phase); and Ilh years post-privatisation. During the anticipation phase, compared with controls, respondents from the department undergoing privatisation experienced an overall increase in self-reported morbidity. By the pre-termination phase adverse changes were also seen in physiological measures. Postprivatisation, respondents were stratified by employment status. Overall, respondents in secure employment enjoyed better self-reported health than those in any other group. Unemployed men and insecurely employed women had the poorest self-reported health. Psychological disorder was significantly associated with insecure employment in both sexes and unemployment in men. Some evidence of health selection out of the workforce was found, but adjustment for preexisting morbidity demonstrated adverse effects on health in excess of those attributable to selection. Changes in work characteristics and health-related behaviours explained little of the effect of employment status on health. Further research on the employment statushealth relationship is required.
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Simpson, Roona Elizabeth Huldtgren. "Contemporary spinsterhood in Britain : gender, partnership status and social change." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2005. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/429/.
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An increase in spinsterhood is one aspect of recent changes in family and household formation. Family change has been the focus of much academic and political attention, however there is little contemporary research on singleness. This thesis explores the experiences and meanings of contemporary spinsterhood, and considers the extent to which these have altered in the context of recent social change. Quantitative analysis of the British Household Panel Survey demonstrates that recent cohorts of men and women are experiencing longer periods of singleness prior to the formation of any residential partnership. This thesis explores the life histories of thirty-seven nevermarried single women aged between thirty-five and eighty-three, an age range permitting a consideration of continuities and changes in experiences of singleness over time. This sample included mothers who had 'opted into' solo motherhood via artificial insemination and adoption. The thesis utilised narrative analysis to consider participants' experiences of singleness in relation to social networks and caring relationships, education and employment experiences, and gendered subjectivities. The role of social and institutional contexts in shaping these women's choices and experiences is also considered. This exploration of the actualities of contemporary women's lives found that gender and partnership status continue to structure the possibilities and strategies available to women in both the private and the public sphere. However, their varying experiences also demonstrate significant material and cultural changes, enabling wider opportunities for some. These changes have implications for the practices and discursive possibilities for contemporary spinsters. This thesis considers the extent to which the new discourses and practices emerging in the context of wider social change contribute to a dismantling of normative female gender identities predicated on marriage and motherhood.
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Pang, Wai-cheong Derek, and 彭偉昌. "From colony to SAR: aspects of change in HongKong's legal status." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1991. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31963948.
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Doyle, Sarah Page. "Dynamic Hierarchy: How and Why Status Change Affects Helping in Workgroups." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1491997255024357.
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Nancarrow, Tanya Lawrene. "Climate change impacts on dietary nutrient status of Inuit in Nunavut, Canada." Thesis, McGill University, 2007. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=112545.
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This thesis characterizes the nutritional implications of climate change impacts on the traditional food system of Inuit in Nunavut, Canada. Both focus groups and food frequency questionnaires were used in collaboration with two communities to describe current climate change impacts on traditional food and define nutrient intake. Currently, both communities experience climate-related changes to important species which provide high levels of key nutrients. If climate changes continue to impact traditional food species, serious nutritional losses may occur unless healthy alternatives can be found. Policy should support Inuit communities to maintain optimal nutrition in the face of climate change.
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Hawke, Josephine M. "Ecological structure and status change : exploring the spatial outcomes of state intervention /." The Ohio State University, 1991. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487694389395583.
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Rassenfoss, Sarah E. "Managing women's role conflict : the effects of social change, attitude, and status /." The Ohio State University, 1985. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487260859495579.
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Chavez, Elisa. "The change equation| A correlation study of status quo bias in managers." Thesis, University of Phoenix, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10017972.
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The purpose of the research study was to predict managerial resistance to status quo bias given the presence of dissatisfaction, vision, and a process outlined for change in the environment. According to the 79 participants surveyed in the study, dissatisfaction, vision, and a process outlined for change provided a statistically significant model for predicting manager resistance to status quo bias for the sample studied. Leaders may be able to use the results of the study to determine manager readiness for change. However, at best the study found only 45.3% of the reasons that predict managerial resistance to status quo bias, providing an opportunity for future researchers to validate empirically other factors that may predict manager resistance to status quo bias.
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Hamilton, Kristen Auberry. "The Effects of Marital Conflict and Marital Environment on Change in Marital Status." UKnowledge, 2013. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/hes_etds/9.
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This study examined how marital conflict and marital environment contribute to change in marital status over time; while controlling for gender and other demographic characteristics. The current study used all three waves, 1987-1988, 1992-1994, 2001-2002, of the nationally representative dataset National Survey of Families and Households (NSFH). Four longitudinal models were tested using path analysis and the Bayesian estimation technique. Findings indicate there is no effect of marital conflict on change in marital status when demographic and marital environment variables are in the model. Age has the strongest direct and indirect effects. An increase in number of times married consistently increases the chance of a change in marital status. Variables measuring the marital environment—with the exception of the effects of unfairness of chores and spending money in the male models—primarily, contribute direct and mediating effects on the two measures of marital conflict. Overall, when considering all models, the variable with the strongest direct and indirect effects, is age of the respondent. This finding indicates that the dominate influence on marital environment and marital conflict, and, ultimately, change in marital status, is that of age as a proxy for developmental change over the lifecycle.
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Beard-Bailey, Marchell. "The effectiveness of mode of intervention methods on behavior change and weight status." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1527531.
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The purpose of this thesis was to evaluate the effectiveness of three weight loss intervention methods on change in behavior and weight status among participants. Specifically, this study examined the differential effectiveness of intervention type on changing consumption of "red light foods," "yellow light foods," and "green light foods" from baseline to three months. This thesis also examined the differential effectiveness of intervention type on changing weight status of participants from baseline to three months. A total of 68 food logs with the corresponding participant anthropometric measurements were analyzed for this thesis. Results showed that participants in the ASPIRE group + phone had a significant change in red food consumption compared to that of the MOVE! group. A significant change in yellow food consumption was also found for ASPIRE group + phone compared to those of the ASPIRE phone only group. A relationship between weight status and intervention type was not found. This thesis shows that the Stoplight diet coupled with a small changes approach is beneficial for changing food choices leading to a decrease in caloric intake and potential weight loss.
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McNay, Kirsty. "Fertility and frailty : demographic change and the health and status of Indian women." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.321088.
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Mittag, Mark Ervin. "College students' health status readiness to change dietary intake and physical activity habits /." Online version, 2008. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2008/2008mittagm.pdf.
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Brown, Nicola. "Comparison of change in obesity parameters and the relationship between changes in body composition and physiological and psychological health status." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.516873.
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Brittain, Ross. "Trophic status, habitat use and climate change impacts on avian species of coastal, Georgia." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2009. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3380064.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, School of Public and Environmental Affairs, 2009.Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on Jul 19, 2010). Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 70-12, Section: B, page: 7462. Adviser: Christopher Craft.
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McDonald, Lorraine. "Intellectual change in older adults : an assessment of cognitive status using Piagetian-style tasks." Thesis, Coventry University, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.360222.
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Morrical, Kathy Jo S. "Readiness to learn as described by adults experiencing a change in health/illness status." Virtual Press, 2003. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1272425.
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Payne, Benjamin. "The impact of climate change on the distribution and conservation status of African antelopes." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2015. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/2032659/.
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Global biodiversity is under threat from multiple fronts. The Millennium Ecosystem Assessment predicts that climate change (CC) will be the “dominant direct driver of biodiversity loss” by the end of the 21st century. This project studies the impact of CC on the distribution and conservation status of antelopes found in Africa. Africa is an area of high climate variability and high vulnerability to CC, and most of the world’s antelope species are native to the continent. Various threats are already causing the decline in 63% of antelope species with 26% being classified as threatened. Antelopes are a speciose and biologically diverse group and therefore provide an ideal opportunity to reveal more general patterns of the effect of CC across taxa. To assess the impact of climate change on Africa’s antelopes I use species distribution models (SDMs), based on climatic variables, to produce ensemble predictions of species distributions for 2080. Using the SDMs I also establish links between biological traits and the optimal climatic conditions for species. The ensemble predictions incorporate three climate models for three climate scenarios, and I predict the future distributions using three approaches. The first is a pessimistic representation of species’ distributions in a future where they are unable to disperse from their current range to track CC. The second, optimistic approach, permits species to disperse at a given rate based on body mass. Finally, the envelope approach presents a comparison of suitable climatic conditions, which are connected to the existing distribution, between now and the end of the century (i.e. not restricted by current distribution or dispersal). The results indicate that 81-85% of species (59-62 of 73) will exhibit a contraction in range based on suitable climatic conditions, and that the average contraction of those species is 39.4-50.1%. Up to six of 73 species are predicted to be without any climatically suitable areas in 2080 depending on the modelling and forecasting approach taken. Worryingly, there is also a disproportionate reduction in the predicted distribution of threatened antelope, whereas species with broader climatic niche and a preference for warmer temperatures typically perform better. Using Marxan conservation planning software, I produce protected area network solutions that protect Africa’s antelopes based on their predicted distributions in 2080. High and low protection options are presented which require 8.7 and 8.1% respectively of Africa’s land mass in order to protect Africa’s antelopes. These solutions, that are based around the existing IUCN protected area network (categories I-VI), reveal key new areas are required in Somalia, while expansion of existing protected areas (PAs) are required continent-wide, particularly in Liberia, Cameroon, Kenya, Tanzania, and the Central African Republic. I also find that the contribution of community led PAs, and other non-IUCN PAs, to these solutions is currently limited, but in some areas they play an important role in bridging gaps between existing IUCN PAs. Finally, 14 species are either identified to qualify as threatened due to climate change based on IUCN Red List criteria, or can be considered threatened due to having no protected area coverage within their predicted range in 2080. Based on predicted species distributions under the A1B climate scenario, the hirola (Beatragus hunteri) and Aders’ duiker (Cephalophus adersi) have no suitable climatic conditions within, or connected to, their existing range in 2080. However, for all species, climatically suitable conditions are present in Africa in the future, and protected areas are found within those regions. For the species most at risk I provide recommendations for translocation options taking into account the potential for interspecific competition by assessing the number of novel antelope species and interspecific niche overlap in the climatically suitable areas.
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Malm, Malin, and Lisa Mikiver. "Hälsan ökar med socioekonomisk status : en undersökning om relationen mellan östgötarnas livsstil och deras socioekonomiska status." Thesis, Högskolan Kristianstad, Sektionen för hälsa och samhälle, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-10504.
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En sund livsstil är en förutsättning för att uppnå en god folkhälsa bland alla befolkningar oavsett land. Befolkningens olika levnadsvanor som t.ex. rökning-, alkohol- och fysisk aktivitet skiljer sig åt mellan olika grupper beroende på inkomst, utbildning och sysselsättning. Därmed skiljer sig hälsan mellan olika socioekonomiska grupper i samhället. Tidigare studier har visat att en ohälsosam livsstil tenderar att finnas hos de mest utsatta socioekonomiska grupperna. Syftet med studien var att ta reda på relationen mellan östgötarnas livsstil och deras socioekonomiska status. Metoden för datainsamlingen var att använda redan insamlat material från enkätundersökningen ”Östgötens hälsa 2006”. ”Östgötens hälsa 2006” utfördes av Folkhälsovetenskapligt Centrum på Landstinget i Östergötland. Frågorna besvarades av 7 238 personer som valdes ut genom ett stratifierat slumpmässigt urval från en totalbefolkning på 315 185 personer, i åldrarna 18-84 år. Svarsfrekvensen mättes till 54,3 procent. Resultatet visade att de med högre socioekonomisk status upplevde sin hälsa bättre än de med lägre socioekonomisk status samt att individer med en bättre ekonomi och högre utbildningsnivå drack alkohol oftare än de med sämre ekonomi och lägre utbildningsnivå. Respondenterna med bättre ekonomi hade bättre trivsel med t.ex. sin sysselsättning och sin sociala gemenskap. Resultatet visade även att de med bättre ekonomi ofta kände sig glada, lyckliga samt mindre oroliga och nedstämda än de med sämre ekonomi. I Konklusionen beskrivs vikten av att bedriva ett folkhälsoarbete både ur ett salutogent och patogent perspektiv. Folkhälsoarbetet bör fokusera främst på att motivera, skapa verktyg och möjligheter för individerna att kunna göra en beteendeförändring. Det hälsofrämjande arbetet bör också fokusera resurser på att främja sundare levnadsvanor redan i tidig ålder och då är skolan en bra arena.A healthy lifestyle is a prerequisite to a good public health among populations. Lifestyle habits such as smoking, alcohol use and physical activity are different among groups in populations depending on income, education and occupation. Thus, there are disparities in health between different socioeconomic groups in communities. Previous studies have shown that groups with lower socioeconomic status tend to live unhealthy lifestyles. The purpose of this study was to examine the relation between ostgotarnas lifestyle and socioeconomic status. The method of data collection was through already existing data from the survey “Ostgotens halsa 2006”. “Ostgotens halsa 2006” was designed by the National Public Health Centre in Ostergotland County Council. A total of 7 238 individuals answered the questionnaire. The participants was selected through a stratified random sample from the total population of 315 185 people, aged 18-84 years. A total of 54, 3 percent responded. The results mainly showed that those with higher socioeconomic status were healthier than those with lower socioeconomic status, and that those with higher economy and higher education was drinking more often than those with lower economy and lower education. Respondents with higher economy experienced a higher degree of well-being in different contexts such as employment and social fellowship. The results also showed that those with higher economy more often were happy, less depressed and anxious than those with lower economy. The conclusion was to engage in health promotion from both a pathogenic and salutogenic perspective in order to achieve a healthy population. Resources should primarily focus on motivating and creating opportunities for individuals to make a behavioral change and also to promote healthy lifestyles in early ages.
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Marsh, Gene Whitmore. "The development and testing of instruments to measure concepts in the revelation readiness model of lifestyle change." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184663.
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The purpose of this research was to construct and test two instruments to measure concepts in the Revelation Readiness Model of Lifestyle Change, a nursing theory generated from previous research. The Marsh Revelation Readiness Index (MRRI) referenced readiness for revelation and measured eight concepts. The Marsh Revelation Scale (MRS), referenced the revelation construct and measured three concepts. Three groups of well adults (N = 132) who were making or had made health lifestyle changes were tested. Testing consisted of completing the MRRI, and MRS and other instruments that were used in estimating validity. Reliability testing included tests of stability and internal consistency. Test-retest coefficients for the MRRI ranged from .57 to .82. Alpha coefficients ranged from .23 to .79, and theta coefficients ranged from .34 to .80. To improve consistency the MRRI was revised. Reliability testing of the revised scale, revealed test-retest coefficients of .73 to .75. Alpha coefficients of .74 and .86, and theta coefficients of .77 and .87. Reliability testing of the MRS revealed test-retest coefficients of .64 to.83, alpha coefficients of .65 to .91, and theta coefficients of .68 to .91. Criterion related validity between the MRS and the Power as Knowing Participation in Change Test was estimated with correlations ranging from .19 to .43. The MRRI and the Cantril Ladder of Life Satisfaction demonstrated convergence on the Readiness construct (r = -.44 to -.52, and r =.33). Construct validity was estimated on both instruments by factor analysis and predictive modeling. Three components of the MRRI reflected the two predicted theoretical components. Five underlying factors of the MRS indicated that the theoretical components were not explained as predicted. Failure of predictive modeling to meet theoretical expectations was discussed in relation to violation of the method's underlying assumptions.
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Wolf, Göran. "Language contact, change of language status : ‘Celtic’ national languages in the British Isles and Ireland." Universität Potsdam, 2007. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2008/1936/.
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Contents:
Conceptual Clarifications
Contact Situations – a Brief Outline
Under Scrutiny I: Cornwall, Isle of Man and Scotland
Under scrutiny II: Wales
Under Scrutiny III: Ireland – a Lengthy Discourse
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Li, Ru. "Development and application of proteomic tools to quantify the redox status change in blood cells." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/59070.
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Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain the number one killer around the world, representing a huge unmet need in innovative therapies. Platelet activation and their interaction with monocytes are critical in the development of CVDs, particularly atherosclerosis. Activated platelets release the contents of their granules, commonly called “platelet releasate”, and recruit monocytes to damaged endothelium. However, the molecular mechanisms of the redox regulation in monocytes in response to platelet releasate are not fully understood. To extend our knowledge in this area, the modified biotin switch assays were developed and applied to an atherosclerotic model in sequential experiments, i.e. the quantification of reversible cysteine oxidations and sulfenic acid modification. We found that monocytes treated with platelet releasate activated NADPH oxidase (NOX) to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) and resulted in cysteine oxidations. The proteome of reversible cysteine oxidations was analyzed in the atherosclerotic model using the modified biotin switch assay, and several biological processes were identified including glycolysis, cytoskeleton arrangement, and redox regulation. To better understand redox regulation in monocytes, the proteome of the sulfenic acid modification, a subtype of reversible cysteine oxidations, was obtained in the same model. Bioinformatics analysis of the proteome of sulfenic acid modification highlighted the biological process of monocyte transendothelial migration, which included integrin β₂. Flow cytometry confirmed the activation of LFA-1 (αLβ₂), a subfamily of integrin β₂ complex, on human primary monocytes following platelet releasate treatment, which was mediated by the NOX-derived ROS. Furthermore, dyslipidemia is closely associated with hyperactivity of platelets in atherosclerosis and the generation of biologically active oxidized phospholipids including oxidized phosphatidylcholine (oxPC). Through our studies, we found a previous unknown inhibitory effect of oxPC species on platelet activation via soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC)– cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) pathway. In summary, the versatile modified biotin switch assay provides an approach for the quantification of reversible cysteine oxidation in biological systems. The application of this assay has extended our understanding of redox regulation in platelet-monocyte interaction and platelet function in atherosclerosis. The better understanding of redox regulation in atherosclerosis has the potential to advance the design of more targeted antioxidant therapies for CVDs.Science, Faculty of
Graduate
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Mullard, Jordan C. R. "Status, security and change : an ethnographic study of caste, class and religion in rural Rajasthan." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2010. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/2202/.
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Based on 17 months ethnographic research carried out in a medium sized village in North West Rajasthan, this thesis explores the relationship between status, security and social change in a context of extreme economic uncertainty. Through changes in tenancy laws, the redistribution of land after the abolition of Zamindars in the 1950s, the withdrawal of high castes from the village, success through affirmative action policies, and caste mobilisation via Sanskritisation an extended family of the untouchable leatherworking caste Meghval in the village of Mudharamsar have risen to be the new village elites. Their unusual position as wealthy landowners and political agents has caused conflicts, alternative commensalities, and 're-traditionalised' practices amongst other villagers. This was further exacerbated by the temporary closure of mines in the area that provided the bulk of employment for other villagers causing many of the lower castes to search for alternative means of income and status-making. Some returned to their traditional caste occupations, others organised as a 'labour class' and Meghvals drew on kinship obligations in search of solidarity and security. I argue that social mobility and change amongst the rural poor involves both confluence and variance of what Betielle (1974) termed the 'ideas of caste' and the 'interests of class' underpinning agrarian relations. In doing so, I extend Beteille's analysis to situate my informants' ideas of caste, class and religion within their broader interests in constructing, claiming and using identity and status as mechanisms for coping with economic uncertainty, social change and inequality. I highlight the contradictions between normative ideals concerning caste, kinship and religion on the one hand, and changing class and power relations on the other. I am concerned to look at the spaces between these oppositions wherein alternative discourses and identities are generated, which at times bring unlikely actors together and at others reaffirm pre-existing relations.
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Martin, Meisha-Ann. "The Bases Of Opposition To Affirmative Action: An Attitude Change Effort." [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2003. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/SFE0000188.
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Emerick, Eric S. "Change in BMI and Cognition in Middle-Aged and Older Adults: the Seattle Longitudinal Study." Youngstown State University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ysu1444137349.
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Hunneyball, Paul M. "Status, display and dissemination : social expression and stylistic change in the architecture of seventeenth-century Hertfordshire." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.240199.
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Von, Fintel Dieter. "Spatial heterogeneity, generational change and childhood socioeconomic status : microeconometric solutions to South African labour market questions." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96023.
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Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Microeconometric techniques have improved understanding of South Africa’s labour market substantially in the last two decades. This dissertation adds to this evidence by considering three separate labour market questions, with particular attention to data quality and the application of credible methodology. Firstly, wage flexibility is investigated. Whereas selected previous microeconometric evidence suggests that wage setters in South Africa are highly responsive to external local labour market circumstances, it is not corroborated by macroeconomic and other microeconometric studies. This question is interrogated again, with particular attention to methodological issues in wage curve estimation. The latter is a robust negative relationship between individual wages and local unemployment rates, found in most countries, except where bargaining is highly centralized. Adding time variation to the data allows controls for spatial heterogeneity to be introduced, leading to the conclusion that wages are really inflexible in the short-run. Rather, the trade-off between wages and local unemployment that previous work has found represents a long-run spatial equilibrium. This finding is robust to instrumentation for reverse causality and the measurement error that is associated with choosing incorrect labour market demarcations. Secondly, the reliability of retrospective data related to childhood is investigated, with the view of estimating the long-run influence that early life circumstances have on adult outcomes. Two indicators, parental education and subjective rankings of childhood socioeconomic status, are evaluated. The first set of indicators has poor response rates, as many South African children live without their parents. Where respondents do volunteer this information, they answer consistently across waves. Subjective rankings have higher response rates, as they require respondents to provide information about their own past, and not about those of their parents. However, individuals’ assessments are inconsistent over time, despite being asked about the same point in the life cycle. They tend to change their view of the past in line with adjustments to perceptions of their position in the village income distribution and subjective well-being, providing clear evidence of anchoring. Instrumental variables analysis has been used in previous studies to account for measurement error in subjective data. However, if anchoring affects all assessments of the past and potential outcome variables (such as employment), microeconometric techniques will yield biased estimates of the effects of childhood on long-run outcomes. Finally, age-period-cohort models for South African labour force participation are estimated. This chapter is the first contribution to relax the assumption that cohort differences must remain permanent over the life cycle. Monte-Carlo simulation studies show that highly interactive specifications can partially recover the true underlying process. Using a variety of techniques (imposing behavioural restrictions and atheoretical approaches), this study shows that cohort effects in labour force participation can be temporary in South Africa, though more data is required to verify this conclusively. Regardless of technique, a distinct surge in labour force participation is noted for the group born after 1975. Pertinently, the combination of testable assumptions and highly flexible estimation can yield credible age-period-cohort profiles, despite the many disputes noted in the literature. Previous evidence of a surge in participation for the post-1975 cohort can now be shown to be temporary rather than a part of a long-run generational increase.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Mikro-ekonometriese tegnieke het kennis oor die Suid-Afrikaanse arbeidsmark aansienlik uitgebrei in die afgelope twee dekades. Hierdie proefskrif dra by tot hierdie bewyse deur drie afsonderlike arbeidsmark vraagstukke te beskou, met die klem op datagehalte en toepassing van geloofwaardige metodologie. Eerstens word die kwessie van loonaanpasbaarheid beskou. Waar sekere vorige mikro-ekonometriese bewyse aandui dat loonbepalers in Suid-Afrika sterk op eksterne plaaslike arbeidsmarktoestande reageer, word hierdie bevinding nie deur makro-ekonomiese en ander mikro-ekonometriese studies ondersteun nie. Hierdie vraag word dus opnuut ondersoek, met die klem op metodologiese kwessies wat ‘n invloed op die beraming van die loonkurwe het. Laasgenoemde is die negatiewe verhouding tussen individuele lone en plaaslike werkloosheidskoerse wat in die meeste lande geld, behalwe daar waar loonbedinging sterk gesentraliseer is. Deur tydsvariasie by die data te voeg, is dit moontlik om vir heterogeniteit oor ruimte voorsiening te maak, wat tot die gevolgtrekking lei dat lone inderdaad onbuigsaam oor die korttermyn is. Die afruiling tussen lone en plaaslike werkloosheidskoerse wat vorige navorsing bevind het, verteenwoordig eerder ‘n langtermyn ruimtelike ewewig. Hierdie bevinding is nie sensitief vir instrumentasie nie. Laasgenoemde is nodig om voorsiening te maak vir moontlike sydigheid wat kan ontstaan indien die rigting van kousaliteit omgekeerd is, sowel as metingsfoute wat daarmee gepaard gaan as navorsers die plaaslike arbeidsmark verkeerd definiëer. Tweedens word die betroubaarheid van data wat volwassenes vra om hulle kinderomstandighede te onthou, ondersoek. Die uiteindelike doel is om vas te stel of omstandighede vroeg in die lewe ‘n invloed op die uitkomstes van volwassenes het. Twee veranderlikes, naamlik ouers se opvoedingsvlakke en die subjektiewe terugskouende sosioekonomiese rang in respondente se kinderdae, word geëvalueer. Die eerste stel veranderlikes is onderhewig aan lae reaksiekoerse omdat ‘n aansienlike hoeveelheid Suid-Afrikaanse kinders sonder een of beide ouers grootword. Waar respondente wel hierdie inligting verskaf is individue se antwoorde konsekwent tussen twee golwe van ‘n paneelopname. Die vraag na die subjektiewe rang lewer beter reaksiekoerse omdat dit vereis dat respondente inligting oor hulle eie verlede verskaf, en nie oor dié van hul ouers nie. Nietemin is individue se antwoorde strydig oor tyd, ten spyte daarvan dat hulle inligting oor dieselfde tydstip in die lewenssiklus moet verskaf. Hulle is geneig om hulle opinies oor die verlede in lyn met veranderende persepsies van hul huidige posisie in die dorpsinkomsteverdeling, sowel as hulle eie subjektiewe welstand, aan te pas. Dit verskaf dus ‘n sterk aanduiding dat mense hulle antwoorde oor die verlede in huidige toestande anker. Instrumentele veranderlike analise is in vorige studies aangewend om voorsiening te maak vir metingsfoute in subjektiewe data. Indien inligting oor die verlede, asook moontlik uitkomsteveranderlikes (soos indiensname), geanker word in huidige persepsies, sal mikroekonometriese tegnieke egter steeds sydige beramings van die impak van kinderdae op langtermyn uitkomstes bied. Laastens, word sogenaamde ouderdom-periode-kohort modelle op Suid-Afrikaanse arbeidsmarkdeelname data toegepas. Hierdie hoofstuk is die eerste bydrae wat die aanname dat kohortverskille permanent moet bly oor die lewenssiklus laat vaar. Monte-Carlo simulasies dui aan dat hoogs interaktiewe spesifikasies die onderliggende proses gedeeltelik kan weerspieël. Verskeie tegnieke word aangewend (insluitend dié wat gedragsaannames afdwing asook ateoretiese benaderings) wat wys dat kohorteffekte in arbeidsmarkdeelname tydelik kan wees. Tog word meer data benodig om hierdie stelling sonder twyfel te bevestig. Onafhanklik van die tegniek wat gebruik word, is dit duidelik dat ‘n skerp toename in arbeidsmarkdeelname plaasgevind het vir die groep wat na 1975 gebore is. Verder is dit beduidend dat die kombinasie van toetsbare aannames en hoogs buigsame beramers ‘n geloofwaardige oplossing vir die ouderdoms-periode-kohort probleem verskaf, ten spyte van die vele twispunte wat in die literatuur uitgelig word. Vorige bewyse van ‘n toename in arbeidsmagdeelname vir die post-1975 kohort kan nou as ‘n tydelike tendens bestempel word, eerder as ‘n deel van die langtermyn toename oor generasies.
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Solvason, Carla L. "Can cultures really change? : the impact of specialist sports college status on an English high school." Thesis, Coventry University, 2009. http://curve.coventry.ac.uk/open/items/c89d7620-777a-287d-c477-432536f4b396/1.
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This research explores the development of a Specialist Sports College within a framework of educational justice. It asks whether the development of the Specialist School can really mean equality of opportunity for all children, when some schools will, as a result, receive considerably more funding than others. It also considers the contentious policy location of the Specialist Sports College, found somewhere between ideologies of health and fitness for all and the development of elite sportsmen and women of the future. By investigating the transformation of one school into a Specialist College using a Case Study approach, this research explores the concept of transforming a school’s culture, and questions the Government’s expectations within this concept arena. What are the micro, lived effects of the macro policy of the Specialist School? By exploring the key themes that emerged through the data I conclude that transforming cultures is a far more complicated task than the Government perceive and also that the introduction of a single subject specialism may, in reality, lead to more division than unity. I also question whether PE can ever be a subject area that truly offers the possibility of success for all.
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Smith, Alison. "Associations of social status, beliefs and attitudes with dietary intake and their influence on dietary behaviour change /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1993. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phs6422.pdf.
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Smith, Joel Vincent. "Studies on the effect of marital status change upon life-cycle well-being of women and children /." Full text (PDF) from UMI/Dissertation Abstracts International, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p9992914.
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Bandyopadhyay, R., A. Ortega-Beltran, A. Akande, C. Mutegi, J. Atehnkeng, L. Kaptoge, A. L. Senghor, B. N. Adhikari, and P. J. Cotty. "Biological control of aflatoxins in Africa: current status and potential challenges in the face of climate change." WAGENINGEN ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/622460.
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Aflatoxin contamination of crops is frequent in warm regions across the globe, including large areas in sub-Saharan Africa. Crop contamination with these dangerous toxins transcends health, food security, and trade sectors. It cuts across the value chain, affecting farmers, traders, markets, and finally consumers. Diverse fungi within Aspergillus section Flavi contaminate crops with aflatoxins. Within these Aspergillus communities, several genotypes are not capable of producing aflatoxins (atoxigenic). Carefully selected atoxigenic genotypes in biological control (biocontrol) formulations efficiently reduce aflatoxin contamination of crops when applied prior to flowering in the field. This safe and environmentally friendly, effective technology was pioneered in the US, where well over a million acres of susceptible crops are treated annually. The technology has been improved for use in sub-Saharan Africa, where efforts are under way to develop biocontrol products, under the trade name Aflasafe, for 11 African nations. The number of participating nations is expected to increase. In parallel, state of the art technology has been developed for large-scale inexpensive manufacture of Aflasafe products under the conditions present in many African nations. Results to date indicate that all Aflasafe products, registered and under experimental use, reduce aflatoxin concentrations in treated crops by > 80% in comparison to untreated crops in both field and storage conditions. Benefits of aflatoxin biocontrol technologies are discussed along with potential challenges, including climate change, likely to be faced during the scaling-up of Aflasafe products. Lastly, we respond to several apprehensions expressed in the literature about the use of atoxigenic genotypes in biocontrol formulations. These responses relate to the following apprehensions: sorghum as carrier, distribution costs, aflatoxin-conscious markets, efficacy during drought, post-harvest benefits, risk of allergies and/or aspergillosis, influence of Aflasafe on other mycotoxins and on soil microenvironment, dynamics of Aspergillus genotypes, and recombination between atoxigenic and toxigenic genotypes in natural conditions.
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Masha'al, Dina A. "The Change in Nutritional Status in Traumatic Brain Injury Patients: A Retrospective Descriptive A Retrospective Descriptive Study." Scholar Commons, 2016. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6316.
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There is a high prevalence in malnutrition among traumatic brain injury (TBI) due to the hypermetabolism and hypercatabolism which develop post injury. Traumatic brain injury patients are different, even among themselves, in their energy requirements and response to nutritional therapy. This implies that there are other factors that affect the energy intake of these patients and enhance the incidence of malnutrition.
This dissertation study examines the nutritional status of TBI patients upon admission to the intensive care unit (ICU) and during their hospital stay to describe baseline status, detect changes in nutritional status over 7 days, and identify the factors affecting the adequacy of energy intake and the change in nutritional status as a consequence. Anthropometric measurements, biomedical measurements, measures of severity of illness, daily health status, level of brain injury severity, and other data were collected from the medical records of 50 patients, who were ≥ 18 years old, mechanically ventilated in the first 24 hours of ICU admission, and had a Glasgow Coma Scale score between 3-12. These data were used to examine the previous relationships.
Although there was no statistically significant change found in body mass index and weight, there was a significant change detected in other nutritional markers, including hemoglobin, albumin, and total lymphocyte levels over the 7 days of ICU and hospital stay. No significant relationship was found between the adequacy of energy intake and total prescribed energy, severity of illness, level of brain injury severity, daily health status, patient age, intracranial pressure, or time of feeding initiation.
Findings may be used to develop and test interventions to improve nutritional status during the acute phase of TBI. This will lay a foundation for health care providers, including nurses, to establish standards for practice and nutrition protocols to assure optimal nutrition assessment and intervention in a timely manner.
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Bullock, Angela Nicole. "Organizational change within human service organizations: A study on the relationship between Public Housing Authority employee's perceptions on readiness, climate, and process change and employee status." DigitalCommons@Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center, 2013. http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/dissertations/750.
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This study examines public housing authority employees' perceptions of readiness, climate and process of change and employee status. Sixty-six (66) survey participants were selected for this study utilizing convenience sampling. The survey participants were current public housing authority employees who underwent organizational change. The survey in this study, Organizational Change Questionnaire- Climate of Change, Processes and Readiness (OCQ-CPR), utilized a four-point continuum Likert scale. Frequency distribution, cross tabulations and the statistical test of chi-square were used to analyze the relationship between the variables. The findings of the study indicated that there was no statistical relationship between the variables.
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Fenex, Bart Lindy. "The "Iron cage" of division I athletics and football as status imperatives constraint and change among American universities /." Diss., [Riverside, Calif.] : University of California, Riverside, 2010. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=0&did=2019830591&SrchMode=2&sid=1&Fmt=2&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1274721240&clientId=48051.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, Riverside, 2010.Includes abstract. Title from first page of PDF file (viewed May 24, 2010). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Includes bibliographical references. Also issued in print.
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Lamberth, Stephen Justin. "Approaches to assessing the status of nearshore and estuarine fish and fisheries and their responses to environmental change." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/6118.
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Includes bibliographical references (leaves 163-180).In multispecies fisheries knowledge, personnel and funding limitations often create the dilemma over which species should be the first to receive management and research attention. This thesis uses a Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis approach to prioritize 176 South African linefish species on the basis of a number of criteria indicating conservation and socio-economic importance. Each species importance was assessed from the points of view of (1) conservation, (2) each fishery sector separately and combined and (3) the overall combined conservation and sectorial importance. Relative scores within each of the fishery sectors were dominated by two or three species such that the scores separating the remaining species from each other were small. On the whole, the top species included those most important in each sector, biogeographic region and in terms of conservation. The separate and overall ran kings should assist in the development of broadly acceptable management strategies for different fish. Catch data for 129 of 255 functional estuaries on the South African coastline were reviewed and the relationships between fish catch and estuarine size, type and biogeographical region analysed using simple and multivariate models. Estuary size alone explained over 80% of the variation in catch in the warm temperate region and over 90% of the variation in catch in the cool temperate and subtropical region. Further analysis of the two main estuarine types (permanently open and temporarily open/closed estuaries) revealed higher productivity for the permanently open systems. Both estuarine size (ha) and type (5 types) were used to explain catches using general linear models. The models were able to explain 82-98% of the variance in catches. The total estuarine catch in South Africa was estimated at 2 480 tons per annum with a total value of R748 million, of which 99% could be attributed to recreational angling. Estuarine contribution to the inshore marine fisheries was estimated at approximately R846 million per year with estuarine dependent species comprising 83% of the catch of the recreational shore and commercial seine and gillnet fisheries and only 7% of the catch of the recreational spearfishery and commercial and recreational boat fisheries. Total value of estuarine and estuary-dependent fisheries was estimated to be R1.594 billion per annum in 2008 rands. The cool-temperate Olifants and warm temperate Breede estuaries on the west and south coasts of South Africa have both seen a >35% reduction in mean annual runoff (MAR) from a historical reference condition to the present day with a >60% reduction possible under future development. With almost no exceptions, the Olifants Estuary fish assemblage has seen an overall 20% decrease in abundance from reference to the present day and will gradually decline to 55% of reference with a predicted future 60% reduction in MAR. Consequently, future reductions in flow are likely to see the Olifants Estuary progressing towards a low biomass, low diversity, marine-dominated system. In contrast, with the exception of some key exploited species, fish abundance in the Breede Estuary has increased by 6% from reference to the present day and is likely to increase to 115% of reference with future reductions in flow. In all, the fish assemblage will experience a gradual change from a relatively high-diversity low-abundance freshwater-rich system under historical flow conditions to a high-diversity, highabundance, marine-dominated system with future reductions in flow.
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Law, Anandi V. "Evaluation of change in health status of chronic headache patients : influence of patients' reference points and dispositional optimism /." The Ohio State University, 1998. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu14879491500721.
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Rhodes, Megan E. "Increased Diversity in Rural Areas: One School's Response to Change." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1305135075.
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Tinoco, Moacir. "Habitat change and the status of the herpetofauna in the Atlantic forest on the north coast of Bahia, Brazil." Thesis, University of Kent, 2016. https://kar.kent.ac.uk/61646/.
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Conservation priorities are increasingly focused on biodiversity hotspots. As far as amphibians and reptiles are concerned, areas of exceptionally high diversity are centered on tropical and subtropical regions. The Great Desert of Australia, the USA and the Kalahari desert, the Amazon rainforest, and the forests of Thailand are some of the regions sharing the highest biodiversity in the globe. These are all large areas of land containing over 200 herpetofauna species. We investigated herpetofauna diversity, species assemblages distributions, occupancy, detection, survival and body condition on a small portion of the Atlantic forest on the north coast of Bahia, Brazil. This ecosystem, known as "restinga", comprises white sand dunes habitats and covers 450 km2. During four years of sampling we recorded over 23,000 individuals from 224 herpetofauna species on nine sites measuring 25 km2 each, covering nearly half of the of remaining restinga habitats. Amphibians were represented by 89 species (86 anurans; 3 caecilians), reptiles by 135 species (60 snakes, 59 lizards, two caimans; 14 testudines). One single 25 km2 grid cell contained over 105 species alone. This level of diversity represents half of the known species richness described for the state of Bahia, and over 12% of the entire Brazilian herpetofauna. Most reptile assemblages are related to the open sand dune habitats and the amphibian assemblages are related to humid areas or the dense forest patches. Occupancy and detection indices were possible for a large number of species, however a few endemic or endangered species showed very low rates. Equally, 'disturbance adaptors' tended to show high levels of occupancy and detectability, while 'disturbance avoiders' showed the opposite pattern. However, there were also some taxonomic differences, with snakes showing lower levels of detectability than lizards or frogs. Capture Mark Recapture analysis was used to determine estimates of annual survival, which was significantly higher in invasive species. Likewise, invasive species tended to show higher body condition indices than native species, and were better able to exploit disturbed sites. Apparently native and endemic species are suffering from habitat loss and urbanization disturbance caused by the growth of tourism in the region. Unfortunately the network of protected areas are failing to protect this impressive hotspot diversity which is under increasing pressure from development, agriculture and tourism.
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Karadogan, Figen. "Status Quo Change vs. Maintenance as a Moderator of the Influence of Perceived Opportunity on the Experience of Regret." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1289590823.
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Lorenzi, Varenka. "The Behavioral Neuroendocrinology of Fish Sex Change: The Role of Steroids and Monoamines." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2009. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/biology_diss/76.
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Social status influences reproductive physiology in many species, and sex change in marine teleost fishes provides an excellent model to understand how an organism can modulate its reproductive system in response to social stimuli. The series of experiments presented in this dissertation has focused on the proximate mechanisms underlying sex change and, in particular, the neuroendocrine factors that might translate social information into physiological changes. The bluebanded goby (Lythrypnus dalli) is a sexually plastic fish, and the dominant female typically changes sex when the male is removed from the social group. The direct physical interactions between the male and the females were found to be the main sensory cues that inhibit sex change. Sex steroids can both modulate and be modulated by behavior, and as a result they have been the most obvious candidates for a key role in the regulation of sex change. Males and females showed similar diurnal patterns for steroid hormones, but females had significantly higher water-borne estrogen levels. Concentrations of estradiol, testosterone and 11-ketotestosterone presented sex and tissue differences in brain, gonad and muscle, and they varied in complex ways in different tissues during sex change. The neurotransmitter serotonin (5-HT) has been suggested to be involved in the inhibition of socially regulated sex change because of its role in the modulation of both reproductive and aggressive behavior. None of the pharmacological manipulations performed in L. dalli to alter serotonergic activity was able to overcome the input from the social environment and affect sex change. Neither monoamine levels nor the area or number of 5-HT immunoreactive neurons were different between males, females and sex changers or between dominant and subordinate females. The results do not support the hypothesis of a serotonergic inhibition on sex change in L. dalli, but show that rapid changes in brain androgen levels might be implicated in inducing behavioral or morphological changes associated with sex reversal. Also, steroids respond to changes in the social environment in different ways in different tissues so local steroid synthesis should receive greater attention, and caution is required when using circulating levels to understand behavioral regulation.
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Forster, Nick. "Economic and social change in the 1980's : a study of the effects of redundancy on a group of South Yorkshire steelworkers and their families." Thesis, Sheffield Hallam University, 1987. http://shura.shu.ac.uk/3664/.
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The research described in this thesis is an attempt to understand the changing nature of redundancy, chequered working lives and unemployment in modern Britain. It focuses in particular on the ways in which a specific group of industrial workers and their families have perceived, mediated and reacted to the upheavals redundancy has caused in their lives. Section I deals with the history of the research; the problems associated with qualitative work and argues the case for a critical neo- Veberian methodology, as opposed to a general reliance on neo-Marxist perspectives in sociology. Section II examines economic and social change in contemporary Britain, paying particular attention to the recent histories of B. S. C. and South Yorkshire. Section III analyses the various effects of redundancy and unemployment on the nation, the local area, the family and the individual and those factors which can assist in pro-active responses to job loss. Some suggestions for the development of a social-psychology of redundancy et alia are made. The main findings deal with the experiences of these families, which are discussed within a life course perspective and include an examination of the many variables which can influence people's behaviour in these situations such as: class; age; occupation; gender; and political and religious consciousness. Family level variables are critically important, in particular the differing degrees of equality within particular marriages and households. The final section makes a conscious effort to link together the 'public issues' and 'private troubles' of redundancy et; alia. These are qualitatively different from those of earlier periods in the Twentieth Century and provide a challenge to sociologists and policy makers, who have not come to terms with their impact. This research indicates that neo-Marxism cannot adequately explain these phenomena. Some suggestions are made for a Critical Humanism, drawing on the best of sociology's diverse images of the social world, as a means of understanding the macro and micro-social realities of redundancy, chequered working lives and unemployment in the 1930's.
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Quevedo, Báez Luis Alberto. "Effects of global change on benthic communities of the lower Ebro River: implications for the assessment of the ecological status." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/308131.
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Aquesta tesi doctoral avalua l’estructura i composició de comunitats bentòniques ( diatomees i macroinvertebrats) del tram baix de l’Ebre en funció d’alteracions del cabal natural del riu causades per la presència del sistema de regulació, i canvis del regim de temperatura causats per un increment sostingut de la temperatura de l’aigua (produït per la central nuclear d’Ascó).
Inicialment, tota la variabilitat hidrogeomorfològica del baix Ebre va ser considerada i van ser analitzades mostres recollides al llarg de cinc trams del riu, integrant diferents anys i estacions per tal d'avaluar els canvis espacials i temporals a nivell d'estructura de comunitat. Es van trobar diferències significatives per als macroinvertebrats entre la secció més propera als embassaments i la resta de les seccions d'estudi. De la mateixa manera els índexs d'avaluació de l'estat ecològic basats en macroinvertebrats i diatomees van mostrar les puntuacions més baixes en aquesta secció, fet que és atribuïble a la degradació de l’hàbitat causada per la influència directa de les preses.
Posteriorment, la influència d’un increment tèrmic causat pel sistema de refrigeració de la central nuclear d’Ascó sobre les comunitats bentòniques (macroinvertebrats i diatomees) va ser avaluada. Amb aquest propòsit, es van analitzar mostres de substrat naturals i artificials recollides en punts localitzats abans i després de l'efluent tèrmic. Les comunitats bentòniques van mostrar sensibilitat als canvis tèrmics, tant en substrats naturals com artificials, tot i que l’increment tèrmic no va superar els 3 C. Els factors que van influir majoritàriament en les comunitats bentòniques van ser l'increment tèrmic de l’aigua causat per la central nuclear i la variació estacional de nutrients i conductivitat. Atès que les condicions d'Increment tèrmic en l'àrea d'estudi s’han mantingut durant els últims 30 anys, els resultats podrien ser útils per avaluar els impactes de l'escalfament global en grans rius mediterranis.Esta tesis doctoral evalúa la estructura y composición de comunidades bentónicas (diatomeas y macroinvertebrados) del tramo bajo del río Ebro en función de alteraciones en el caudal natural del río causadas por la presencia del sistema de regulación, y cambios en el régimen de temperatura causados por un incremento sostenido de la temperatura del agua (producido por la central nuclear de Ascó). Inicialmente, toda la variabilidad hidrogeomorfológica del bajo Ebro fue considerada y muestras recolectadas a lo largo de cinco tramos del río, integrando diferentes años y estaciones fueron analizadas con el fin de evaluar los cambios espaciales y temporales a nivel de estructura de comunidad. Se encontraron diferencias significativas para macroinvertebrados entre la sección más cercana a los embalses y el resto de las secciones de estudio. De igual manera los índices de evaluación del estado ecológico basados en macroinvertebrados y diatomeas mostraron las puntuaciones más bajas en esta sección, lo cual es atribuible a la degradación del hábitat causado por la influencia directa de las presas. Posteriormente, fue evaluada la influencia del incremento térmico causado por el sistema de refrigeración de la central nuclear de Ascó sobre las comunidades bentónicas (macroinvertebrados y diatomeas). Para este propósito, se analizaron muestras recolectadas en los sitios localizados antes y después del efluente térmico, las mismas que fueron recolectadas tanto de sustrato natural como artificial. Las comunidades bentónicas mostraron sensibilidad a los cambios térmicos tanto en sustratos naturales como artificiales a pesar de que dicho incremento térmico no superó los 3 C. Los factores que influyeron mayoritariamente en las comunidades bentónicas fueron el incremento térmico del agua causado por la central nuclear y la variación estacional en nutrientes y conductividad. Dado que las condiciones de incremento térmico en el área de estudio han sido permanentes durante los últimos 30 años, los resultados podrían ser útiles para evaluar los impactos del calentamiento global en grandes ríos mediterráneos.
This Ph.D. thesis assess the structure and composition of benthic communities (macroinvertebrates and diatoms) of the lower Ebro River as a function of alterations in the natural river flow caused by the presence of the water regulation system, and changes in the temperature regime caused by a sustained increase of water temperature (produced by the Ascó nuclear power station). Initially, the entire hydrogeomorphic variability of the lower Ebro was considered and surveys conducted along five river sections integrating different years and seasons were analysed in order to assess spatial and temporal changes in community structure. Significant differences for macroinvertebrates were found between the section closest to reservoirs and the rest of the study sections; as well, indices for ecological status assessment based on both macroinvertebrates and diatoms showed lowest scores at this section, which is attributable to the habitat degradation caused by direct influence of the dams. Thereafter, the influence on benthic communities (macroinvertebrates and diatoms) of an increase in temperature caused by the cooling system of the Ascó nuclear power station was assessed; for this purpose, surveys conducted at sites before and after the effluent and collected from natural and artificial substrata were analyzed. Benthic assemblages showed sensitivity to thermal changes both in natural and artificial substrata, even though warming did not exceed 3 C. Factors that seemed to influence benthic assemblages the most were water warming caused by the nuclear power station and seasonal variation in nutrients and conductivity. Given that warming conditions in the study area have been permanent during the last 30 years, results could be useful to assess the impacts of global warming on large Mediterranean rivers.
48
Gibbs, Mary Katherine E. "Species Declines: Examining Patterns of Species Distribution, Abundance, Variability and Conservation Status in Relation to Anthropogenic Activities." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/23315.
Full textAbstract:
Humans are modifying the global landscape at an unprecedented scale and pace. As a result, species are declining and going extinct at an alarming rate. Here, I investigate two main aspects of species’ declines: what factors are contributing to their declines and how effective our conservation efforts have been. I assessed one of the main mechanisms for protecting species by looking at the Endangered Species Act (ESA) in the United States. I examined three separate indicators of species declines for different groups of species: range contractions in Canadian imperilled species, declines in abundance in global amphibian populations and increases in temporal variability in abundance in North American breeding birds. I found that change in recovery status of ESA listed species was only very weakly related to the number of years listed, number of years with a recovery plan, and funding. These tools combined explained very little of the variation in recovery status among species. Either these tools are not very effective in promoting species’ recovery, or species recovery data are so poor that it is impossible to tell whether the tools are effective or not. I examined patterns of species’ declines in three different groups in relation to a number of anthropogenic variables. I found high losses of Canadian imperiled bird, mammal, amphibian and reptile species in regions with high proportions of agricultural land cover. However, losses of imperiled species are significantly more strongly related to the proportion of the region treated with agricultural pesticides. This is consistent with the hypothesis that agricultural pesticide use, or something strongly collinear with it (perhaps intensive agriculture more generally), has contributed significantly to the decline of imperiled species in Canada. Global increases in UV radiation do not appear to be a major cause of amphibian population declines. At individual sites, temporal changes in amphibian abundance are not predictably related to changes in UV intensity. Variability in species’ abundance of North American breeding birds, after accounting for mean abundance, is not systematically higher in areas of high human-dominated land cover or climate change. Rather, it appears that areas with a high proportion of human-dominated cover come to have a higher proportion of highly abundant, and thus more variable, species.
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Aygul, Ceren. "Change In The Status Of Turkish Women During The Ottoman Modernization And Self-evaluation Of Women In Kadinlar Dunyasi Of 1913." Master's thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12612331/index.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
This study, which aims to portray the circumstances of Ottoman women&rsquos movement during the first years of Second Constitutional Era from the eyes of the writers of Kadinlar Dü
nyasi Periodical, makes an analysis of the meanings ascribed to the efforts for the restoration of women&rsquo
s position in social life and the roles claimed for women during Ottoman modernization period. This research intends to confirm the fact that the basis for the mentality of defenders voicing women&rsquo
s rights was the progressive outlook which chose the &ldquo
women question&rdquo
as the focus on the way of securing not only social progress but also social integration, solidarity, national consciousness and progressiveness. Thus, the ideas expressed in the articles all written by women writers of Kadinlar Dü
nyasi are evaluated with the question in mind that whether the boundaries of Ottoman women&rsquo
s movement and the social role granted for them in the modernization process were wholly determined by the women themselves or theorized predominantly by the policymakers of the state who were all men. Deducing from the self-evaluation of women in Kadinlar Dü
nyasi of 1913, this thesis consequently underlines the fact that the struggle for women rights, which were carried out on behalf of patriotic and nationalist claims in accordance with the socio-political conditions of the time, could not overcome their invariable position of being &ldquo
historical objects&rdquo
despite of the fact that women held a considerable progress in their status during the Second Constitutional Era which laid the parameters of the &ldquo
women question&rdquo
during the early Republican Era.
50
Ford, Anna. "Efficacy of change in body mass index standard deviation score for improving the cardiometabolic status of children and adolescents with obesity." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.500398.
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