To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Change trajectories.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Change trajectories'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Change trajectories.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Nishiwaki, Yoshihiro, Chiyomi Miyajima, Norihide Kitaoka, Ryuta Terashima, Toshihiro Wakita, and Kazuya Takeda. "Generating Lane-Change Trajectories of Individual Drivers." IEEE, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/12087.
Full text
2
Melander, Helen. "Trajectories of Learning : Embodied Interaction in Change." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Pedagogiska institutionen, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-100680.
Full textAbstract:
This dissertation is about learning as changing understanding in social and situated activities. It takes part in the development of a reconceptualization of learning initiated within participationist perspectives. Multiparty interaction in situated activities is a primordial site for the exploration of human action and cognition. Through the theoretical framework of Conversation Analysis (CA), a method for the analysis and description of trajectories of learning is proposed. Departing from a view of learning, interaction, and cognition as closely related, learning is argued as gradually changing understanding in situated activities. The empirical material consists of video recordings from an elementary school and pilot training. The recordings are analyzed using CA methods, including detailed attention to embodied features of interaction. The analyses focus the development of trajectories of learning through the participants’ orientations. The trajectories are based on topicalizations and co-constructions of contents of learning, where interactional organization and content are interrelated. Participants are shown to make relevant relations between past, present, and future actions and material settings, and their ways of aligning and resisting participation and change are explored. A framework for the analysis of learning as embodied interaction in change is developed. The dissertation shows the fruitfulness of CA work for the understanding of learning processes. The results underline the importance of including embodied action, as constitutive of the co-constructions of contents, into learning studies. The value of highlighting learning as co-construction and of anchoring the analyses in the participants’ orientations is underscored. The results further the understanding of how people learn, and of how they make relevant knowledge and experiences in activity. The understanding of learning and change as action, which can be initiated, aligned with and resisted, opens up for future developments within CA, where learning researchers might be able to describe more precisely how human learning is constituted.
3
Mistler, Lisa A. "Using size change to predict free-fall trajectories." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/13987.
Full text
4
Murphy, Kellie A. "Physical activity through adolescence: Trajectories and predictors of change." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/27276.
Full textAbstract:
Statement of the problem. Physical activity levels generally decrease during adolescence and adulthood. A better understanding of patterns and determinants of physical activity through adolescence can inform physical activity interventions aimed at youth.
Methods of investigation. Subjects were 1206 Montreal adolescents followed over 4.5 years. Physical activity was measured using a modified Weekly Activity Checklist. Trajectories were identified using the multilevel model for change. Demographic, psychological, and behavioural predictors were explored separately by sex.
Results. A cubic trajectory controlling for season emerged. Activity peaked at age 13.5, decreased, and increased again at age 16.5, but showed significant heterogeneity both within- and between-subjects. Males had higher physical activity levels than females at all ages. Depression, stress, sedentary behaviours, and alcohol use affected physical activity trajectories.
Conclusion. Physical activity levels follow a complex, curvilinear pattern during adolescence, and begin to decrease by age 14. Physical activity promotion interventions should focus toward this age group to promote increased physical activity participation.
5
Xie, Haiqun. "Predicting trajectories of cognitive change in patients with mild cognitive impairment." Thesis, McGill University, 2011. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=103669.
Full textAbstract:
Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) represents a state of high risk for dementia but is heterogeneous in its course. To date, the trajectories reflecting distinct developmental courses of cognition among patients with MCI, and their association with readily available clinical information, have not been well defined. Study 1 sought to identify the developmental trajectory of groups with distinct cognitive change patterns among a cohort of MCI patients. Study 2 was conducted to identify individual items/subtests of the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and demographic variables at baseline that predicted the identified trajectories of cognitive change from Study 1. One hundred and eighty-seven MCI patients were evaluated serially with the MMSE for up to 3.5 years. Five trajectories were identified and labeled based on their baseline MMSE score and course: 29-stable (6.4%); 27-stable (53.9%); 25-slow-decline (23.8%); 24-slow-decline (11.6%); 25-rapid-decline (4.2%). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, a model was established to dissociate patients with stable vs. declining trajectories. An equation derived from this model that included age, delayed recall, constructional praxis, attention, and orientation to time and floor predicted future cognitive decline with good accuracy (79.9%) and specificity (86.4%), and moderate sensitivity (67.2%). The identification of varying trajectories of cognitive change and predictors of cognitive decline from easily obtained baseline clinical information can help target at-risk groups for early interventions aimed at delaying the onset of dementia.Les déficits cognitifs légers représentent un risque élevé pour le développement de la démence, mais le parcours vers cet état est hétérogène. À ce jour, les trajectoires reflétant des parcours distincts de développement de la cognition chez les individus avec un déficit cognitif léger et leur association avec des informations cliniques facilement accessibles ne sont pas bien définies. La première étude visait à identifier la trajectoire développementale de groupes avec des parcours distincts de changements cognitifs parmi une cohorte de personnes ayant un déficit cognitif léger. La deuxième étude visait à identifier des items/sous-tests du Mini-Mental State Exam (MMSE) et des variables démographiques mesurées au point de départ et qui prédisaient les trajectoires de changements cognitifs identifiées à la première étude. 187 patients avec des déficits cognitifs légers ont été évalués à plusieurs reprises avec le MMSE sur une période de 3,5 années. Cinq trajectoires ont été identifiées et nommées sur la base de leur score au MMSE au point de départ et le parcours : 29-stable (6.4%); 27-stable (53.9%); 25-déclin lent (23.8%); 24- déclin lent (11.6%); 25- déclin rapide (4.2%). Avec la régression logistique, un modèle a été établi afin de distinguer les patients ayant une trajectoire stable de ceux ayant une trajectoire déclinante. Une équation dérivée à partir de ce modèle et qui incluait l'âge, le rappel différé, la praxis, l'attention, l'orientation dans le temps et l'étage prédisait le déclin cognitif avec une justesse (79.9%), sensibilité (67.2%) et spécificité (86.4%). L'identification des différentes trajectoires de changements cognitifs et des variables explicatives du déclin cognitif à partir des informations cliniques facilement accessibles peut aider à identifier les groupes de personnes qui ont un risque élevé afin qu'ils reçoivent des interventions rapides qui ont pour but de retarder l'apparition de la démence.
6
Hilbert, Anja, Stephan Herpertz, Ross D. Cosby, Stephan Zipfel, Hans-Christoph Friedrich, Andreas Mayr, Brunna Tuschen-Caffier, and Martinade Zwaan. "Early Change Trajectories in Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Binge-Eating Disorder." Elsevier, 2019. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A75708.
Full textAbstract:
Rapid response is considered the most well-established outcome predictor across treatments of binge-eating disorder (BED), including cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT). This study sought to identify latent trajectories of early change in CBT and compare them to common rapid response classifications. In a multicenter randomized trial, 86 adults with BED (DSM-IV) or subsyndromal BED provided weekly self-reports of binge eating over the first 4 weeks of CBT, which were analyzed to predict binge eating, depression, and body mass index at posttreatment, 6-, and 18-month follow-up. Using latent growth mixture modeling, three patterns of early change—including moderate and low decreasing—as well as low stable binge eating were identified, which significantly predicted binge-eating remission at 6-month follow-up. Other classifications of rapid response based on Receiver Operating Characteristics curve analyses or on the literature (≥ 10% reduction in binge eating at week 1, ≥ 70% reduction in binge eating at week 4) only predicted posttreatment remission or overall depression, respectively. Latent change trajectories, but not other rapid response classifications, predicted binge-eating frequency over time. A fine-grained analysis of change over the first 4 weeks of CBT for BED revealed different trajectories of early change in binge eating that led to an improved prediction of binge-eating outcome, compared to that of common rapid response classifications. Thorough monitoring of early change trajectories during treatment may have clinical utility.
7
Gilbert, Anthony L. "Selection and Plasticity: Novel Phenotypic Trajectories in the Era of Climate Change." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1582216645558001.
Full text
8
Beer, Simon Hanlon. "The trajectories of industrial change : disrupting, managing and assembling futures in Teesside." Thesis, Durham University, 2016. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/11425/.
Full textAbstract:
In 2010 the steelworks in Teesside were ‘mothballed’ meaning that the works were shut down yet kept in a state that they could potentially be restarted in the foreseeable future. This had a number of implications for a variety of different orientations towards the future across Teesside. For the steelworkers of Teesside this mothballing rendered many futures of a pension entitlement and continued employment uncertain. The management of the steelworks sought to hold a future of continued steelmaking in Teesside together through retaining skills and the steelmaking workforce. Furthermore, in the wake of the mothballing, local economic governance sought to enact a new orientation towards the future for the local economy of Teesside which was less reliant upon heavy industry. Futures are therefore a key aspect of how industrial change comes to be enacted and lived. Yet, whilst there have been numerous engagements with industrial change, living through such change and an emerging academic engagement with futures, there remains little in the way of attention towards how orientations towards the future can be theorised and researched. This is the goal of this thesis; to develop and establish a conceptual framework for engaging with orientations towards the future within research that can attend to the multiplicity, complexity, inherent change and mobile boundaries of these orientations. To do this the thesis has developed the concept of ‘trajectories.’ A trajectory is means of conceptualising an orientation towards the future as a homeomorphic assemblage, whereby change is inherent to the assemblage but must remain within certain mobile boundaries or ‘thresholds’ otherwise the assemblage loses its homeomorphism and undergoes a ‘transition’ to a different object. This thesis uses this conceptual framework to explore the trajectories enacted through the mothballing of the steelworks in Teesside as a means to explore the futures of industrial change.
9
Scholz, Stephane. "GLOBALIZATION AND CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSION TRAJECTORIES IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, 1980-2006." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/202970.
Full textAbstract:
Global energy sector carbon dioxide emissions between 2007 and 2010 have been growing much faster than projected by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IEA 2011). Roughly 75% of this growth can be attributed to developing countries that are increasingly manufacturing goods destined for consumption in the developed world (Peters et al. 2011). This study examines the energy sector carbon dioxide emissions and emission trajectories of 64 developing countries from 1980 to 2006. Approximately 50% of these countries have relatively flat slopes when their emissions are plotted over time or against gross domestic product per capita. To shed some light on how this is possible, two competing theories of globalization are tested. World-systems theory argues that global economic integration is predicated on core-periphery exploitation, which leads to unsustainable development. World-society theory, on the other hand, contends that global social integration diffuses modern environmental values, which leads to structural isomorphism and sustainable development. World-society diffusion in this study is approximated by the network measure of degree centrality, which is calculated from shared ratifications of international environmental treaties. To find out if these opposing dynamics significantly impact emissions and emission trajectories independently, or in conjunction, three different methods are used: Prais-Winsten panel regression with panel-corrected standard errors, cross-section ordinary least squares regression and fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis.Findings from the panel regressions indicate that network centrality in global environmental treaty regimes has a significant, albeit weak, negative effect on carbon dioxide emissions. This effect is further attenuated by high levels of world-system exploitation, as measured by International Monetary Fund (IMF) credit. The first set of cross-section regressions indicate that network centrality has a significant, but weak, negative effect on emission trajectories plotted against GDP per capita when restricted to those countries that have low levels of IMF credit. The second set of cross-section regressions indicate that network centrality has a significant, but once again weak, negative effect on emission trajectories plotted over time when restricted to those countries that have low levels of foreign direct investment (FDI). The fuzzy set qualitative comparative analyses reveal that world-society diffusion is only implicated in two out of five sufficient configurations for membership in the outcome set of countries with relatively flat emission trajectories plotted against GDP per capita. Furthermore, world-society diffusion, at least as approximated in terms of network centrality in international environmental treaty regimes, is not implicated in any of the sufficient configurations when the outcome involves membership in the set of countries with relatively flat emission trajectories plotted over time. In these analyses it is the absence of economic growth that is most often implicated, followed by low levels of FDI and IMF credit.
10
Harshbarger, Diane. "Drivers of Compositional Trajectories in Reference and Restored Pine Savanna Communities." OpenSIUC, 2014. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/1426.
Full textAbstract:
Wet pine savannas are among the most diverse ecosystems in North America and provide critical habitat for many species but have seen a dramatic decline in size over the past century due to urbanization, logging, and fire suppression. Coastal pine savannas are also vulnerable to anticipated effects of global climate change. Models of climate change predict rapid sea-level rise along the northern Gulf of Mexico and more intense hurricanes. Restoration of these fragile wetland ecosystems is needed, but the effects of climate change on restored, as well as remnant communities, are unknown. This research aimed to compare resiliency of remnant and restored plant communities to simulated hurricane disturbance. I hypothesized that species composition within both site types will be altered following experimental storm surge, and restored plots will follow a different compositional trajectory due to site conditions including invasion by non-target species and disturbed soils. I compared community composition and soil properties between remnant and restored sites experiencing experimental storm surge. Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) ordinations and a cluster analysis was used to visualize dissimilarities in composition and permutational analysis of similarity (PERMANOVA) was used to compare composition among treatment, site, and time. Repeated measure analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare soil water conductivity and available ammonium over the course of the study. Results from compositional surveys suggested no significant effect of treatment on community composition, but there were significant vectors for soil moisture and ammonium resulting in different compositional trends and an apparent degree of divergence over time between the two site types. Soil characteristics (texture and bulk density) and pressure from neighboring plants within the restored site are also likely contributing to differences between the two site types. As climate change continues to alter disturbance regimes that shape coastal ecosystems, it will be necessary to assess structure and function of remnant and potentially novel plant communities and their capacity for adaptation.
11
Bolan, Marc Davis. "Residential trajectories : optimal alignment and the structure of residential mobility over the life course /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8909.
Full text
12
Allcock, Samantha Lee. "Living with a changing climate : Holocene climate variability and socio-evolutionary trajectories, central Turkey." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/1591.
Full textAbstract:
Collaborative studies between Quaternary scientists and archaeologists increasingly provide new and informative discussions about the nature and timing of cultural change and links with variation in the natural world (particularly climate). In the Eastern Mediterranean region, connecting the human past with palaeoclimate is an important research theme but the complex interactions between them are still poorly understood and past climate records have often been collected from regions distant from the human record. The thesis aims to derive a record of past climatic and environmental changes from lake sediment cores and synthesise this with archaeological data in order to reconstruct human-climate interactions at the regional scale. Annually laminated sediment data collected from Nar Gölϋ crater-lake and archaeological archives from the same region, Cappadocia (Turkey) allow problems of chronological uncertainty between records of the human past and palaeoclimatic archives, and spatially variable datasets to be addressed. New sediment cores collected from Nar Lake in 2010 cover the last ~14000 years based on varve counting and climate-stratigraphic correlation. The changing chemical composition of these sediments has been obtained using high-resolution Itrax XRF core scanning, mainly at 200μm resolution over 21.6m. Temporal differences in Ca and Sr are interpreted as a record of regional moisture levels, while Ti and Fe are elemental proxies that detail changes in catchment in-wash. These and other sedimentary data (e.g. total carbon analysis) document lake evolution from a predominately stable and moist early Holocene climate dominated by high authigenic Ca precipitation to a drier and less stable IV late Holocene dominated by increased authigenic Sr and Mg (and higher lake salinity levels). The most arid climatic conditions occurred during Bronze and early Iron Age times, but frequent and intense centennial-scale climatic shifts between wet and dry are also evidenced during the last 2600 years from Ca/Sr data. Peaks in Fe and Ti, along with Si, K and Rb indicate two distinct phases of increased sediment influx into Nar Lake, namely ~9200 to ~8000 yr. BP (ceramic Neolithic) and again – more importantly – during the last 2600 years (Iron Age and later). These appear to be related primarily to increased human impact on vegetation and soils in the lake-catchment, but volcanic activity and intense rainfall events and/or water deficits may also have played a role. To determine the degree to which climatic variability and cultural change are interlinked, the geochemical record from Nar Lake is correlated against long-term settlement histories which have been derived from systematic archaeological site survey and excavation data from Cappadocia. One of the key outcomes of the project is an examination of periods of climatic stability and instability which are identified by amplitudinal changes from the mean state using correlation of coefficient statistics on the Nar Lake geochemical record. This information about the predictability of climate has been coupled to data in settlement density and location within the resiliency model framework of Holling and Gunderson (2002). Together these data suggest that a series of four long-term adaptive cycles (Neolithic, Chalcolithic-Bronze Age, Iron Age-Classical, Byzantine-Ottoman) characterise the dynamic inter-play between people, climate and their environment. In each adaptive cycle, environmental change contributed (both positively and negatively) to community resilience, although at no point during the Holocene is climatic variability seen as the sole driver of societal change. There were times such as the post-Roman Dark Age (1300 to 1100 yr. B.P.) when increased climatic variability and environmental degradation may have heightened social vulnerability.
13
Mickelson, Bryan K. "Client Change in Multi-Model Treatment: A Comparison of Change Trajectories in Group, Individual, and Conjoint Formats in a Counseling Center." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2008. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd2758.pdf.
Full text
14
Duong, Hanh Bich. "The Hmong girls of Sa Pa : local places, global trajectories, hybrid identities /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/6481.
Full text
15
Shim, Hi Shin. "An irt model to estimate differential latent change trajectories in a multi-stage, longitudinal assessment." Thesis, Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/28266.
Full text
16
Nelson, Philip Legrand. "Change Trajectories and Early Warning System to Identify Youth at Risk for Negative Psychotherapy Outcome." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2010. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/2212.
Full textAbstract:
The field of mental health treatment is making efforts to better serve all psychotherapy clients, but especially the 5–10% of clients who deteriorate in treatment (Lambert & Ogles, 2004) and the 30–60% who drop out prematurely (Pekarik & Stephenson, 1988). These efforts involve collaboration between research and practice. Both research and practice have been treatment focused for much of their history, primarily examining treatment efficacy or effectiveness, and never quite settling on the generalizability or applicability of specific treatments. The patient-focused research paradigm has shifted the focus from treatment outcomes on the group level to outcomes on the individual client level. This movement involves outcome monitoring for purposes of treatment planning and quality care. Some of these monitoring systems include early warning systems that could help identify and better serve clients who are at risk for negative outcome. The present study validated previous warning system studies for youth and replicated tests for variables that were predictive of youth change trajectories using the Youth Outcome Questionnaire-30 (YOQ; Burlingame et al., 2004). This study also replicated the accuracy of a warning system for at-risk youth clients, exploring various approaches to creating the cutoffs the warning system uses for its predictions, and reporting the respective accuracy of each. This study contributes to future studies comparing outcomes between client groups whose therapists do or do not receive systematic feedback. This endeavor offers many benefits to quality improvement efforts being made by clinicians and managed care organizations.
17
Kilmer, Jared Newman. "Trajectories of Treatment Change among Patients with Major Depressive Disorder: Predictors and Associations with Outcome." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2017. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1011764/.
Full textAbstract:
Previous research has revealed heterogeneity in outcome trajectories among individuals seeking psychotherapy. However, questions remain as to the number, nature, and predictors of these trajectories. Therefore, the present study had three aims: 1) to identify heterogeneous latent groups among treatment trajectories of 212 clients with major depressive disorder (MDD) seeking psychotherapy at a community mental health training clinic; 2) to identify significant associations between clinical and demographic variables and group membership; and 3) to identify correlations between trajectory shape and positive treatment outcome. Prior to treatment, participants provided demographic information and completed symptom severity ratings. Once in treatment, participants completed a self-report of distress via the Outcome Questionnaire (OQ-45) at every session. Growth mixture modeling was utilized to identify distinct patient subgroups based on outcome trajectories among the sample. Three distinct latent classes of treatment trajectory were identified, providing evidence of heterogeneity in treatment trajectories among individuals with MDD. Baseline distress, pre-treatment work problems, and sleep difficulties were found to be predictive of an individual's membership in a specific trajectory group. Finally, specific shapes of change, namely early response and sudden gains, were associated with positive treatment outcome. Findings from this study can be used to identify patients at risk for treatment failure, allowing clinicians to intervene earlier to enhance mid-treatment feedback and prognosis.
18
Klein, Keith Patrick. "Predictors of latent-class trajectories of symptom change during intensive treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder." OpenSIUC, 2021. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/1959.
Full textAbstract:
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is relatively common (Ruscio, Stein, Chiu, & Kessler, 2010) and leads to significant functional impairment (World Health Organization, 2001). Research suggests that exposure and response prevention (EX/RP) is efficacious for reducing OCD symptoms (NICE, 2006); however, standard outpatient EX/RP does not effectively alleviate symptom severity among a substantial proportion of OCD patients (Abramowitz, 2006). Intensive EX/RP programs have been developed to address the needs of treatment-refractory OCD patients (Veale et al., 2016). While evidence from effectiveness studies suggests that intensive EX/RP programs lead to significant reductions in OCD symptom severity, a portion of patients do not demonstrate improvement in response to intensive treatment (e.g., Björgvinsson, Hart, et al., 2013; Boschen, Drummond, & Pillay, 2008). These findings underscore the need to identify reliable predictors of OCD patient response to intensive EX/RP to help target clinical and research efforts toward improving treatment outcomes for those least likely to respond to current treatment modalities. Therefore, the proposed study evaluated distinct trajectories of OCD symptom change across six-weeks of intensive treatment and examined factors that predict membership in those trajectory groups. Results suggested that three latent subgroups of OCD patients emerged with one demonstrating symptom relapse during intensive treatment. Further, OCD symptom severity was the only baseline factor that predicted latent-class membership. Implications and future directions of research are discussed.
19
Silveira, Fabrício. "Industrial allocation and growth trajectories : a multi-level approach." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2019. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/290074.
Full textAbstract:
This dissertation investigates the process of economic growth with heterogeneous agents from a multi-level perspective. Building upon Kaldorian and Evolutionary principles, growth is defined as a path-dependent and complex phenomenon, which requires structural variation and the interplay between demand and supply at distinct analytical levels. Two concomitant and dependent 'layers' of this process are emphasised: the supply-led 'intra-sectoral development trajectory' and the demand-led 'inter-sectoral development trajectory'. The key element in the first is the firm size, which is shown to have a non-linear influence on the process of technological change. The second layer is shown to depend on the growth of income and patterns of production and consumption reflected on the inter-sectoral composition and level of 'sophistication' of the productive structure. The key to understand divergent growth trajectories lies in the interaction between these layers and the contradictory effects imposed at each analytical level both by demand (top-down) and supply (bottom-up). The approach is both theoretical and empirical and the analysis reveals important stylised facts of growth at the firm, sector and country levels. The text is structured in four sections comprising 9 chapters. Section I introduces the theoretical foundations of the work and the limitations of Evolutionary and Kaldorian schools to explain the multi-level 'allocation problem'. Section II presents the databases and empirically assesses the influence of the (re)allocation of labour on growth at each analytical level. Section III investigates the foundations of the process of micro-meso and macro process of development. The final section proposes a unified theoretical framework to connect the multi-level evidence. The analysis reinforces the interplay between demand and supply in growth trajectories, prompting a number of original policy implications.
20
Lawrence, Dan. "Early urbanism in the northern fertile crescent : a comparison of regional settlement trajectories and millennial landscape change." Thesis, Durham University, 2012. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/5921/.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis investigates the development of urban centres in the Northern Fertile Crescent during the Late Chalcolithic and Early Bronze Age and seeks to place this development in a wider context of landscape transformation over time. Settlement data from eight archaeological surveys covering a range of landscape types and environments are brought into a single interpretive framework, organised through a Geographical Information System (GIS). These surveys are enhanced through the use of satellite imagery, particularly Corona spy photography, to discover new sites both within and outside the boundaries of their original areas. Methods for the incorporation of this wide range of data are developed, including the use of concepts such as ‘certainty’ and ‘precision’ and techniques for the comparison of multiple chronological systems. These new methods are used to undertake a multi-scalar examination of settlement trajectories from the 5th to the 3rd millennium. Two phases of urban development are evident, first in the Late Chalcolithic and then during the ‘second urban revolution’ (Akkermans and Schwartz 2003) in the later Early Bronze Age. Whilst the Late Chalcolithic centres emerged within dense landscapes of small settlements, urbanisation in the later Early Bronze Age was accompanied by the widespread incursion of settlement into a ‘zone of uncertainty’ on the margins of the steppe. It is argued that a combination of factors, including the shift from flax to wool as the raw material in textile production and the development of social institutions capable of bearing risks at a large scale, provided the incentive and the means for this expansion, and that this transformed the societies of the region as a whole. This phenomenon is then placed in the wider context of long-term landscape change. It is argued that differences in settlement histories across the region can account for variations in the preservation of the archaeological record.
21
Miura, Tsuyuki. "Motivational trajectories of successful foreign language learners: Six biographical case studies." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2011. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/138294.
Full textAbstract:
CITE/Language ArtsEd.D.
This study concerns foreign language learners' motivational changes over a long period of time; it is an investigation of the learning histories of six learners who have achieved high proficiency in English. Unlike a large body of conventional foreign language learning motivational research, which has primarily been conducted using quantitative methodologies, this study employs two non-conventional approaches, a combination of learners' biographies and case study research. The primary purpose of the study is to holistically explore successful English learners' motivational trajectories and their learning histories in the Japanese context. To this end, foreign language learning motivation is conceptualized and illustrated as a dynamically changing construct that plays an important role in the process of foreign language learning. In the literature review, longitudinal studies concerning foreign language learning motivation and autobiographical studies and case studies that are relevant to this study are examined. The central research question is what motivational trajectories and learning histories these highly proficient learners have had, and how these learners have sustained their learning motivation over time and eventually achieved high proficiency while in an EFL (English as a foreign language) environment. The participants are six Japanese adults who have achieved high levels of English proficiency and who use English in their jobs. The design used in this case study involves both holistic and specifically focused analyses, by which each participant's learning history is collected through individual interviews. The author reports each participant's learning history, and the initial proposition concerning motivational change and salient motivational sources found in the participants' learning histories are collectively analyzed and discussed. Exploring the data concerning how the participants have maintained foreign language learning motivation resulting in the idea that sustained motivation is not always present in successful foreign language learning and that the key to success involves a cognitive change from a state in which motivation is present to one in which a more intentional psychological force, commitment to learning, develops. Based on this thought, a model illustrating the key to success in foreign language learning in the EFL context is presented. The results provide new, engaging, and important information to people who are seriously involved in foreign language learning in EFL contexts, where the majority of learners fail to attain high levels of foreign language proficiency after receiving years of formal education.
Temple University--Theses
22
Manenzhe, Tshililo Justice. "Agrarian change and the fate of farmworkers : trajectories of strategic partnership and farm labour in Levubu Valley, South Africa." University of the Western Cape, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4938.
Full textAbstract:
Philosophiae Doctor - PhDThis thesis examines the trajectories of agrarian change on community-owned commercial farms in the Levubu Valley in the northern part of Limpopo Province, South Africa. Levubu is a locality where fertile land was developed and made highly productive after state-led dispossession of African communities. White farmers were initially resettled on a state-run irrigation scheme, but later became independent large-scale commercial farmers linked to global agro-food markets. The thesis focusses on four Communal Property Associations (CPAs) that acquired ownership of farms in Levubu. Government’s post-apartheid land restitution programme required the CPAs to enter into ‘strategic partnership’ agreements with agribusiness companies. Resettlement of beneficiaries on these farms was ruled out in an attempt to sustain existing production systems and levels of employment. After these partnerships collapsed, CPAs have attempted to run the farms themselves, through operating companies employing professional farm managers. Using key concepts from agrarian political economy, the thesis seeks to understand the dynamics of production and social reproduction on the farms and the political tensions that have arisen since restitution occurred. It also explores how this form of land restitution has impacted on the livelihoods of farmworkers. The study combines intensive (or qualitative) research methods, involving indepth interviews, focus groups and direct observations, and extensive (or quantitative) approaches, mainly in the form of a farmworker household survey undertaken in two communities. This research design has allowed for ‘retrospective’ analysis of changes over time to be complemented by ‘circumspective’ analysis of the relations and dynamics of property, production and power on community-owned farms in Levubu. The main findings of the study are that neither joint venture companies nor community-owned farming enterprises have been able to distribute dividend payments to claimant community members as yet. Rather, when profits have been realised they have largely been invested back into productive enterprises. Few other benefits have been received either, other than the preferential employment of some claimant farmworkers on the farms, a small number as managers or supervisors. Although additional jobs were created in the initial stages of restitution, these enterprises have struggled to maintain employment levels. Poor management decisions have meant that increased labour costs have not been accompanied by increases in productivity and output. Severe tensions and conflicts have arisen within CPAs, manifested in different forms of identity politics and competing ‘modes of belonging’. Tensions in communityowned large-scale farming enterprises are explained by the contradictory unity of capital and labour within community-owned enterprises, with difficult choices to be made between enhancing social reproduction or ensuring accumulation and profitability. These combine with complex processes of identification in socio-political struggles around access to and control of key resources. These findings suggest that policy makers should re-examine assumptions in relation to community-owned farming enterprises and explore mechanisms through which individual beneficiary households can realise more significant benefits. One policy option might be to seek the complementarity of large-scale commercial farming and smallholder farming systems, both on land restored to CPAs through restitution and in communal areas.
23
Kalthaus, Martin [Verfasser], Uwe [Gutachter] Cantner, Holger [Gutachter] Graf, and Karoline [Gutachter] Rogge. "Knowledge dynamics and technological change : trajectories, networks and policies / Kurt Martin Kalthaus ; Gutachter: Uwe Cantner, Holger Graf, Karoline Rogge." Jena : Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1170398324/34.
Full text
24
Kreisel, Andreas. "Analyse des Spurwechselverhaltens anhand von Trajektoriendaten amerikanischer Autobahnen." Master's thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-201015.
Full textAbstract:
In dieser Arbeit wird das Verhalten der Fahrer vor, während und nach dem Spurwechsel anhand eines Datensatzes untersucht. Dieser wurde im Jahr 2006 in den USA erhoben und enthält die genauen Trajektoriendaten für jedes Fahrzeug. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass schnellere Fahrzeuge ihren Spurwechsel auch schneller abschließen. Es ist auch erkennbar, dass bei einem Wechsel nach rechts kein kleinerer Abstand zum Vorderfahrzeug in Kauf genommen wird. Eine Untersuchung der freiwilligen und notwendigen Wechsel konnte keine signifikanten Unterschiede feststellen. Im zweiten Teil der Auswertung wurden die Spurwechselentscheidungen mittels eines generellen Modells und MOBIL untersucht. Die einzusetzenden Werte wurden mit den Fahrzeugfolgemodellen OVM, Gipps-Modell und IDM erzeugt. Die Entscheidungen der Spurwechselmodelle fielen nur selten so aus, wie sie in der Realität getroffen wurden. Damit werden die Modelle ihrem eigenen Anspruch nicht gerecht, die Realität möglichst gut nachzubildenThe topic of this master thesis is the investigation of the behaviour of the drivers before, during and after lane changes on highways. For this purpose a data set of the I-80 in the USA was used. It was collected in 2006 and contains the trajectories of all vehicles. It could be shown that faster cars even do a faster lane change. The drivers also do not accept a smaller gap to the preceding car after a lane change to the right. A comparison of voluntary and necessary lane changes did not show significant differences. In the second part of the analysis the lane change decision was examined using a general model and MOBIL. The data to be inserted were generated using the car-following models OVM, Gipps-model and IDM. But the outcomes of the lane change models only rarely matched reality. Therefore, the models did not fulfill their own standards to picture the existing reality
25
Engelbrecht, Sandra [Verfasser], Anke [Akademischer Betreuer] Hassel, Dorothee [Akademischer Betreuer] Bohle, and Andrea [Akademischer Betreuer] Spehar. "From pressure for change to actual change: How class actors’ responses to labour migration shape the trajectories of continuity and change in employment relations institutions / Sandra Engelbrecht ; Anke Hassel, Dorothee Bohle, Andrea Spehar." Berlin : Hertie School, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1237044634/34.
Full text
26
Reeves, Cody J. "The long and short of it: exploring the effects of membership change event characteristics on immediate team performance and team performance trajectories." Diss., University of Iowa, 2015. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/5830.
Full textAbstract:
Teams research has traditionally treated teams as static entities while paying limited attention to the dynamics introduced by changes in team membership. Furthermore, the few studies that have examined the effects of team membership change have focused on the effects of membership change at a single point in time without considering the potential effects on team performance trajectories over time. In an effort to extend this research and understand how teams respond over time to changes in team membership, this dissertation integrates Team Adaptation Theory with Collective Turnover Theory and proposes a model in which three characteristics of membership change events (quantity of team members changed, status of team members changed, and shared experience of unchanged, continuing team members) influence immediate team performance and serve as signals for post-change team adaptation. Hypotheses were tested using a sample of 253 primary care medical teams in a large U.S. healthcare system. Results showed that membership change events were immediately disruptive to primary care Continuity outcomes, but not to Access or Coordination outcomes. Counter to hypotheses, these immediate disruptions were larger when changes involved members who occupied lower-status roles within teams. Furthermore, team performance trajectories were lower when unchanged, continuing team members had larger amounts of shared work experience. This study contributes to theory and teams research by identifying shared experience as a moderator of the membership change-team performance relationship and by linking the effects of membership change characteristics to both initial post-change performance and longer-term performance trajectories.
27
Kazi, Aisha. "Psychological and Physical Adjustment to Breast Cancer over 12 Months Following a Cognitive Behavioral Stress Management Intervention: Identifying Distinct Trajectories of Change." Scholarly Repository, 2008. http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_dissertations/135.
Full textAbstract:
Breast cancer is a devastating disease that affects thousands of women every year influencing their psychological and physical well-being for many years after being diagnosed. The goal of the current study was to determine if there are distinct trajectories of functioning among breast cancer patients in the domains of negative psychological adjustment, positive psychological adjustment, and physical adjustment. This was accomplished using growth mixture modeling. Another goal of this study was to determine whether demographic, medical, and psychosocial variables were able to distinguish among the trajectories. The study combined women from two samples spanning 10 years providing a sample size of 376 women diagnosed and treated for breast cancer. These women were recruited to participate in a 10-week cognitive behavioral stress management intervention and were either randomized to the 10-week experimental condition or a one-day control group. It was hypothesized that distinct trajectories would emerge for each of the domains and that psychosocial variables (i.e., social support, benefit finding, and emotional approach coping) would distinguish among the trajectories. This study was able to statistically identify multiple classes or trajectories of adjustment, consistent with findings reported by Helgeson and colleagues (2004) and Donovan and colleagues (2007). It is difficult to say, however, whether these classes differ in clinically significant ways. The present study also provides a cautionary note to researchers who intend to use growth mixture modeling to identify different trajectories of functioning and the limitations associated with this statistical technique. First, it is important to start this process with strong empirical or theoretical support for the possibility of different classes or trajectories. Without this foundation it becomes difficult to justify why a certain number of classes were chosen. Another limitation of this statistical approach is that there is not a standard method for determining the best number of classes. There are conflicting opinions among researchers in the field about the best fit index to use when the multiple fit indices do not converge. A serious issue related to this is the fact that classes are used for interpreting results and drawing conclusions and inferences. Therefore, clinicians using GMM must be careful when deciding on the number of classes and the clinical inferences drawn from these analyses. Further research needs to be conducted validating these statistical techniques.
28
Surjadi, Florensia Flora. "The influence of child, family, and community characteristics on change in children's body mass index mediating role of community-based physical activity trajectories /." [Ames, Iowa : Iowa State University], 2009. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3355536.
Full text
29
Taylor, Ashley Rae. "The Change: A Narrative-Informed Case Study Exploring the Tension between Structures and Agency in the Educational Trajectories of Engineering Students from Underserved Backgrounds." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/96732.
Full textAbstract:
In the United States context, there is a particularly prevalent dialogue about the transformative power of an engineering degree for underserved students. Long positioned as a mechanism for moving up the social ladder, engineering education is often discussed as a mechanism for upward mobility, promising underserved students the opportunity to climb. However, a critical examination of who enrolls and persists in engineering degree programs suggests not everyone can equitably leverage the transformative power of an engineering degree, with persistent inequities for underserved students. Though literature highlights systemic barriers faced by underserved engineering students, much less is known about how underserved students navigate barriers to pursue an engineering bachelor's degree. Accordingly, the purpose of my study was to explore how students from underserved backgrounds navigate their educational trajectories, focusing on the interplay between structures and agency. Using a Bourdieusian lens, my study was guided by the overarching research question: In their narratives, how do students from underserved backgrounds describe navigating their educational trajectories towards a bachelor's engineering degree? I used a single case study methodology with embedded units of analysis to explore this research question. My primary data sources included narrative interviews with 32 underserved engineering students and geospatial community-level data extrapolated from students' home zip codes. My results indicate that underserved engineering students describe a variety of strategies to enact agency by planning, optimizing, and, at times, redirecting their educational trajectories. This study also highlights the influence of family, community, economic, and political environments on the educational journeys of underserved engineering students, as students described navigating and adapting to these various social environments. Students also describe their environments as dynamic, with trajectories changing based on critical incidents such as a parent illness or loss of work. Lastly, students' narratives highlight a diverse range of reasons for pursuing engineering, which often extended beyond private goods approaches to engineering education. My results present implications for engineering education, the most notable of which is that underserved students are not a monolithic group and represent a diverse range of lived experiences. My results also highlight agency as a collective endeavor, challenging popular notions that agency is operationalized at the level of a single individual. Lastly, students' lived experiences with material hardship highlight the dynamic and multidimensional nature of economic disadvantage. Such insights compel engineering educators to reexamine how we conceptualize and measure economic disadvantage in higher education. Ultimately, this research highlights opportunities to increase access and equity in engineering education for underserved students.Doctor of Philosophy
In the United States, engineering is often viewed as a transformative career for underserved students. Long positioned as a mechanism for moving up the social ladder, engineering education is positioned to underserved students as an opportunity to climb. However, inequities in engineering education persist, with low income and first generation students underrepresented in engineering. The purpose of my study was to explore how students from underserved backgrounds navigate their educational trajectories, focusing on the interplay between societal forces (i.e., structures) and individual decision-making (i.e., agency). My study was guided by the overarching research question: In their narratives, how do students from underserved backgrounds describe navigating their educational trajectories towards a bachelor's engineering degree? My primary data sources included narrative interviews with 32 underserved engineering students and geospatial community-level data. My results indicate that underserved engineering students describe a variety of strategies to plan, optimize, and, at times, redirect their educational trajectories. This study highlights the influence of family, community, economic, and political environments on the educational journeys of underserved engineering students. Additionally, students describe their environments as dynamic, with trajectories changing based on critical incidents such as a parent illness or loss of work. Lastly, students' narratives highlight a diverse range of reasons for pursuing engineering, which often extended beyond private goods approaches to engineering education. My results highlight agency as a collective family endeavor, challenging popular notions that agency is operationalized at the level of a single individual. Lastly, students' lived experiences with material hardship highlight the dynamic and multidimensional nature of economic disadvantage. Such insights compel engineering educators to reexamine how we conceptualize and measure economic disadvantage in higher education. Ultimately, this research highlights opportunities to increase access and equity in engineering education for underserved students.
30
Plard, Floriane. "Variation in individual life-history trajectories and its consequence on population dynamics : the case of roe deer." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00986868.
Full textAbstract:
Roe deer give birth each year in May. At each reproductive event, a female can be in different reproductive statuses: breeder or non breeder and can wean a variable number of offspring. The successive transitions between the different statuses of a given female give its individual reproductive trajectory. The performance of a given trajectory is assessed by its fitness which can be approximated by the total number of offspring weaned during the trajectory. Different individual life-history trajectories can exist in a same population and these different trajectories can reach similar or different fitness. This suggests that different strategies can be chosen by different individuals to reach the same fitness but also that individuals of high quality can reach higher fitness than individuals of low quality. The study of a roe deer population located in North-Eastern France allowed analyzing the sources and the consequences of individual heterogeneity on individual life-history trajectories and on population dynamics. This work showed that roe deer individual reproductive trajectories are consistent for a given female such as high quality females have an annual reproductive success higher than low-quality females. Female quality is partly generated by birth condition such as birth date and environmental conditions at birth. Individual life-history trajectories vary also randomly in relation to annual environmental conditions. In particular, climate change led to a decline in annual mean reproductive success and a decrease of the population growth rate in the last decades in relation to an increase of the mismatch between vegetation phenology and roe deer birth period. This work discussed how individual heterogeneity is generated in a long-lived species and how it influences individual life-history strategies and population dynamics
31
Khou, Carrie [Verfasser], and Ulfried [Akademischer Betreuer] Reichardt. "Trajectories of Change : Modernity - the Woman Question - New Woman Fiction, Progressive America (1890-1920) and Meiji Japan (1868-1912) [[Elektronische Ressource]] / Carrie Khou. Betreuer: Ulfried Reichardt." Mannheim : Universitätsbibliothek Mannheim, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1078852316/34.
Full text
32
Amoedo, Martínez Diego 1982. "Usos e desusos das terras de Tourém : transformações sócio-territoriais em uma aldeia rural fronteiriça entre a Galícia (Es) e Portugal." [s.n.], 2014. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/279609.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: Emília Pietrafesa de GodoiDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-25T16:13:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AmoedoMartinez_Diego_M.pdf: 3244178 bytes, checksum: 16a58d719afed88a003fc28be8b1c269 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014
Resumo: Esta dissertação de mestrado é fruto do trabalho de campo realizado entre os anos 2011 e 2013 em Tourém, uma aldeia rural fronteiriça entre a Galícia (Es) e Portugal. O foco principal do trabalho é a análise das transformações sócio-territoriais da aldeia decorrentes desde finais da década de 1960 e começos de 1970, momento em que o aumento da emigração contemporânea teve seu auge. Trabalhamos, portanto, duas vertentes diferenciadas das mudanças acontecidas na aldeia: transformações sociais e territoriais da aldeia de Tourém, através do termo terra. A terra é elevada aqui a categoria analítica, pois, é um termo usado pelos moradores da aldeia de Tourém, um termo polissêmico que se refere à aldeia, baixo a nomeação de minha terra; as terras seriam também os diferentes destinos da emigração pelos que passaram os vizinhos da aldeia; e, finalmente a terra, também faz referência á terra-produtiva, sustento da agricultura e pecuária que é a atividade econômica mais importante. Através das trajetórias de vida das pessoas da aldeia e de suas histórias de família e de vida, combinamos os diálogos teóricos com as descrições etnográficas dos usos e desusos das terras de Tourém; assim como os diferentes grupos sociais e os diferentes tempos que têm as pessoas que moram na aldeia. De forma mais explicita dialogamos com conceitos como territorialidade, território e história do lugar através das narrativas dos moradores, das histórias de vida e de família
Abstract: This dissertation is the result of fieldwork conducted between 2011 and 2013 in Tourém , a rural border village between Galicia (Spain) and Portugal . The main focus of the work is the analysis of socio - territorial transformations happening in the village since the late 1960s and early 1970s , at what time the rise of contemporary emigration peaked . We work analysing two different aspects of the changes taking place in the village of Tourém: social and territorial transformations understood by the word of terra. A terra (land) in this context is a highly analytical category , a polysemic term used by the villagers of Tourém that refers to the village from the basis of my land (minha terra). These terras would also be the different destinations of emigrants for those who passed through neighboring village, and finally terra, also refers to the land's agriculture and livestock that are the most important economic activities. Through the life trajectories of the village people and their family histories, we combine theory and ethnographic descriptions with the uses and disuses of the Tourém's terra; as well as different social groups during their respective times who live in the village . More explicitly conversed with concepts such as territoriality , territory and history of the place through the narratives of the families, residents and life trajectories
Mestrado
Antropologia Social
Mestre em Antropologia Social
33
Liepmann, Hannah. "Essays on the Economics of Structural Change." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/19748.
Full textAbstract:
Im ersten Aufsatz dieser Dissertation analysiere ich, wie sich ein negativer Arbeitsmarktnachfrage-Schock auf Fertilität auswirkt. Ich analysiere dies anhand des ostdeutschen Fertilitätsrückgangs nach dem Mauerfall und nutze unerwartete, exogene, und permanente Anpassungen der Arbeitsnachfrage, welche von industriellen Restrukturierungsprozessen resultierten. Ostdeutsche Frauen, die stärker vom negativen Arbeitsnachfrage-Schock betroffen waren, haben in den 1990er Jahren relativ mehr Kinder bekommen als jene Frauen, die von dem Schock weniger stark betroffen waren. Der Schock hat somit nicht nur das aggregierte Fertilitätsniveau gesenkt, sondern auch die Zusammensetzung der Mütter beeinflusst.
Der zweite Aufsatz untersucht den Einfluss staatlicher Hilfen auf den späteren ökonomischen Erfolg junger Flüchtlinge. Wir untersuchen dies anhand von ostdeutschen Flüchtlingen, die von 1946 bis 1961 nach Westdeutschland geflohen sind. Nur „politische Flüchtlinge“ hatten ab 1953 Anspruch auf Flüchtlingshilfen. Somit können wir Identifikations-Probleme adressieren, die durch Selektion entstehen. Es zeigen sich positive Effekte der Flüchtlingshilfen auf die Bildung, Jobs, und das Einkommen von Flüchtlingen, die als junge Erwachsene migriert sind. Wir finden keine vergleichbaren Effekte für Flüchtlinge, die als Kinder migriert sind.
Das letzte Kapitel präsentiert Ergebnisse eines Projektes, das partiell die Lücke schließt, welche derzeit für Ostdeutsche in den deutschen Sozialversicherungsdaten existiert. Durch die Verknüpfung letzterer mit dem „Datenspeicher Gesellschaftliches Arbeitsvermögen“ der DDR von 1989 haben wir einen neuen Datensatz geschaffen, welcher Analysen von Phänomenen wie Arbeitslosigkeit, beruflicher und regionaler Mobilität ermöglicht. Der neue Datensatz kann auch dazu beitragen, das existierende Wissen über die individuellen Arbeitsmarktkonsequenzen des Mauerfalls zu erweitern.In the first essay of this dissertation, I analyze how a negative labor demand shock impacts fertility. I analyze this question in the context of the East German fertility decline after the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989. I exploit differential pressure for restructuring across East German industries which led to unexpected, exogenous, and permanent changes to labor demand. I find that throughout the 1990s, women more severely impacted by the demand shock had relatively more children than their less-severely-impacted counterparts. Thus, the demand shock not only depressed the aggregate fertility level, but also changed the composition of mothers. The second essay explores the question of how refugee-specific aid impacts the medium-term economic success of young refugees. We address this question in the context of German Democratic Republic (GDR) refugees who escaped to West Germany between 1946 and 1961, exploiting that only the subgroup of "political refugees" was granted refugee-targeted aid, and that this only occurred after 1953. The quasi-experiment allows us to address identification difficulties resulting from the fact that refugees eligible for aid are both self-selected and screened by local authorities. We find positive effects of aid-eligibility on educational attainment, job quality and income among the refugees who migrated as young adults. We do not find similar effects of aid-eligibility for refugees who migrated as children. The final chapter of this thesis presents results of a project which partially closes a gap that currently exists for East Germans in the German social security data. By linking these data with the GDR's "Data Fund of Societal Work Power" from 1989, we have created a new data set that permits the analysis of phenomena such as unemployment, job mobility, and regional mobility. The new data set can also be used to refine existing knowledge of the individual-level labor market consequences of German reunification.
34
Mondani, Hernan. "Modeling Organizational Dynamics : Distributions, Networks, Sequences and Mechanisms." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Sociologiska institutionen, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-139766.
Full textAbstract:
The study of how social organizations work, change and develop is central to sociology and to our understanding of the social world and its transformations. At the same time, the underlying principles of organizational dynamics are extremely difficult to investigate. This is partly due to the difficulties of tracking organizations, individuals and their interactions over relatively long periods of time. But it is also due to limitations in the kinds of quantitative methods used to tackle these questions, which are for the most part based on regression analysis. This thesis seeks to improve our understanding of social organizing by using models to explore and describe the logics of the structures and mechanisms underlying organizational change. Particular emphasis is given to the modeling process, the use of new concepts and analogies, and the application of interdisciplinary methods to get new insights into classical sociological questions. The thesis consists of an introductory part and five studies (I-V). Using Swedish longitudinal data on employment in the Stockholm Region, the studies tackle different dimensions of organizational dynamics, from organizational structures and growth processes to labor mobility and employment trajectories. The introductory chapters contextualize the studies by providing an overview of theories, concepts and quantitative methods that are relevant for the modeling of organizational dynamics. The five studies look into various aspects of organizational dynamics with the help of complementary data representations and non-traditional quantitative methods. Study I analyzes organizational growth statistics for different sectors and industries. The typically observed heavy-tailed statistical patterns for the size and growth rate distributions are broken down into a superposition of interorganizational movements. Study II models interorganizational movements as a labor flow network. Organizations tend to be more tightly linked if they belong to the same ownership sector. Additionally, public organizations have a more stable connection structure. Study III uses a similarity-based method called homogeneity analysis to map out the social space of large organizations in the Stockholm Region. A social distance is then derived within this space, and we find that the interorganizational movements analyzed in Studies I and II take place more often between organizations that are closer in social space and in the same network community. Study IV presents an approach to organizational dynamics based on sequences of employment states. Evidence for a positive feedback mechanism is found for large and highly sequence-diverse public organizations. Finally, Study V features an agent-based model where we simulate a social influence mechanism for organizational membership dynamics. We introduce a parameter analogous to a physical temperature to model contextual influence, and the familiar growth distributions are recovered as an intermediate case between extreme parameter values. The thesis as a whole provides suggestions for a more process-oriented modeling approach to social organizing that gives a more prominent role to the logics of organizational change. Finally, the series of methodological tools discussed can be useful for the analysis of many other social processes and more broadly for the development of quantitative sociological methods.At the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 1: Manuscript. Paper 2: Manuscript. Paper 3: Manuscript. Paper 4: Manuscript.
35
Bouleau, Chloé. "Migrant women entrepreneurship in Sweden: A life-course approach to contextualize gendered career trajectories." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Kulturgeografiska institutionen, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-182384.
Full textAbstract:
Emerging from discussions within gender, contextual embeddedness, and migration, this research addresses the issue of the labor market integration of highly educated migrant women in Sweden. The thesis seeks to broaden the understanding of the gender gap in entrepreneurship by contextualizing the decisions of starting a business, analyzing the different strategies employed by migrant women to develop their businesses as well as the role of entrepreneurship in their lives in relation to gender norms. The study uses the life course approach and methods as well as a gendered multi-context framework (Welter et al., 2014) to investigate the following research questions: 1) Under what circumstances do migrant women turn to entrepreneurship in their life course and what are the associated changes on their career? 2) How do they mobilize social ties across different spatial contexts and business stages? 3) How do migrant women make sense of entrepreneurship in relation to gendered societal norms from the country of origin and destination? The results suggest that complex temporal, spatial, social, and institutional dynamics condition the decision to start a business, and the different strategies employed. Furthermore, entrepreneurship appears as a way to challenge and overcome gender norms.
36
Tarbouni, Younasse. "THE ARAB CENTURY opposing trajectories of Arab activism in MENA What has changed? the case of the Moroccan movement of February 20, 2011." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEH014.
Full textAbstract:
En prenant le MF20 comme principale étude de cas , je plaide contre les affirmations du caractère nouveau, unique, fructueux, manqué ou achevé de ces mouvements arabes. Je passe en revue la première décennie du 21ème siècle et la déclaration de la Guerre contre le terrorisme (2003) comme déclencheurs de conflits socio-politiques déjà installés dans la région MENA. La deuxième décennie de ce siècle, à travers les soulèvements arabes, a seulement rendu visibles aux yeux du monde les transgressions des droits de l'homme et les atrocités prenant place au Moyen-Orient.Ces soulèvements ont rapidement été réduits à des soulèvements épisodiques. La troisième décennie semble malheureusement entre les mains des idéologues de droite qui s’opposent au multiculturalisme et à l'extrémisme religieux, et qui, de fait, réorientent le débat loin des problèmes sociaux en mettant en avant le récit « nous contre eux ». Pour ces raisons, je prétends que les soulèvements arabes sont loin d’être achevés ; ils n’ont fait que débuter. Contrairement au dessin qu’en fait Davis (2013), ils ne s’estompent pas pour disparaître complètement mais seulement pour revenir en force.L'analyse approfondie dans le projet de la saga des luttes de ces mouvements arabes avec les régimes autocratiques arabes, qui n’ont fait rien d’autre que mettre en place des réformes préventives, nécessite de notre part une attention particulière pour les décennies à venir. Même les cas dits « fructueux », notamment la Tunisie et le Maroc, indiquent que ce qui est célébré est en fait un état de stabilité temporaire qui cache des faiblesses majeures et alarmantes dans le cadre du changement social et de la justice sociale ; deux des principaux déclencheurs du soi-disant printemps arabe.Thomas Friedman fait appel à des détails historiques, dans son excellent article pour le New York Times, demandant à ce que l'expression « Printemps arabe » soit retirée et remplacée par la « Décennie arabe » d'Anthony Cordesman ou le « Quart de siècle arabe ». Je propose que nous nous situons au-delà, et que nous assistons en fait à un Siècle arabe en mutation.Si l’on se fie aux changements politiques récents dans le monde, il apparaît que les changements sociaux dans le monde arabe seront négligés pendant au moins une autre décennie. La montée au pouvoir de l’extrême-droite aux États-Unis et en Europe a déjà retiré l’accent des injustices sociales dans le monde arabe au profit de la question éternelle de l'islam et de l'extrémisme en Occident. Cela s'avère offrir une pause aux régimes autocratiques arabes qui utilisent cette ascension de l'islamophobie en Occident comme un argument unificateur qui distrait des injustices sociales au sein de leurs républiques et leurs royaumes. Ainsi, la lutte des citoyens arabes dans les états arabes pour la dignité sociale sera négligée jusqu'à ce que le récit revivifié du choc de l'islam et de l'Occident disparaisseWith the MF20 as the major Case Study , I argue against the claims of the newness, uniqueness, success and failure or finality of these Arab movements. I revisit the first decade of the 21st century and the declaration of War on Terrorism (2003) as one trigger of sociopolitical conflicts that were already entrenched in the MENA region. What we witnessed in the second decade of this century is that the Arab uprisings only exposed transgressions in human rights and atrocities in the Middle East to the world. These uprisings were hurriedly reduced to seasonal uprisings. The third decade unfortunately looks to be in the hands of right-wing ideologues standing against multiculturalism and stressing the fear of religious extremism to change the focus from social issues and force the narrative of us-against-them on the forefront. For these reasons, I claim, there is no finality to the Arab uprisings, they have just begun and they are not in a state of thaw as Davis (2013) depicts them, but they are in slumbering phase recouping for a stronger come back. The close analysis in the project of the saga of struggles of these Arab movements with the Arab autocratic regimes who engineered nothing but preemptive reforms, requires our close attention for the remaining decades in this 21st century. Even the so-called successful cases, Tunisia and Morocco, indicate that what is celebrated is a state of temporary stability with major and alarming short comings in social change and social justice; two of the main reasons of the so called Arab Spring. Thomas Friedman suggests great historical details, in his great piece for the New York Times, calling for the expression “Arab Spring” be retired and be replaced by Anthony Cordesman’s the “Arab Decade” or “Arab Quarter Century” . I claim we are beyond that, and that we are witnessing an Arab Century in movement.If the recent political changes around the world are any indication, social change in the Arab world will be overlooked for at least another decade. The rise of the extreme right to power in the US and in Europe has already shifted the focus from the social injustices in the Arab world to the everlasting issue of Islam and extremism in the West. This is proving to be a big break for Arab autocratic regimes, who are using this rise of Islamophobia in the West as a unifying argument that distracts from the social injustices within their republics and kingdoms. Thus, the struggle of Arab citizens within the Arab states for social dignity will be overlooked until the revived narrative of the clash of Islam and the West dies down
37
CHANE-YOOK, Martine. "Etude d'une equation cinetique liee a l'effet Compton - Modelisation et simulation 3D de la charge d'un satellite en environnement plasmique." Phd thesis, Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille I, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00008427.
Full textAbstract:
On s'est interesse dans ce travail a l'etude de deux equations cinetiques. La premiere est une equation cinetique quantique homogene decrivant l'effet Compton. Ce phenomene se produit lorsque les photons entrent en collision avec les electrons. Le noyau dans l'integrale de collision presente une forte singularite en l'energie nulle. Un resultat d'existence locale en temps d'une solution entropique au probleme de Cauchy est obtenu pour de petites valeurs initiales. La deuxieme est une equation de Vlasov couplee avec l'equation de Poisson. Le systeme de Vlasov-Poisson modelise les interactions entre plasma et satellite. Plus precisement, on s'interesse au phenomene de charge electrostatique d'un satellite en orbite geostationnaire. Les particules, essentiellement des ions et des electrons, sont décrites suivant une approche cinétique. On considère le cas où la dynamique des ions et des électrons obéit à une équation de Vlasov et où le potentiel est donné par l'équation de Poisson. Le but est d'etudier ce probleme dans un cadre 3D dans tout l'espace. Une methode particulaire pour la resolution de l'equation de Vlasov est couplee a une methode d'elements finis et infinis pour la partie Poisson.
38
Chantre, Emilia. "Apprentissages des agriculteurs vers la réduction d’intrants en grandes cultures : Cas de la Champagne Berrichonne de l’Indre dans les années 1985-2010." Thesis, Paris, AgroParisTech, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AGPT0046/document.
Full textAbstract:
Valoriser l'expérience des agriculteurs, pour développer une agriculture « écologiquement intensive », constitue un changement de paradigme dans le régime de production de connaissances en agronomie, qui invite à s'interroger sur les dynamiques d'apprentissage des agriculteurs.En se fondant sur des entretiens auprès de vingt céréaliers, qui ont réduit l'usage des pesticides et engrais azotés au cours de leur carrière professionnelle, cette thèse apporte des résultats sur la diversité des trajectoires de changement dans le territoire, les façons d'apprendre au cours de ces trajectoires, et sur les dynamiques de connaissances. Notre démarche méthodologique, étayée par des emprunts à la didactique professionnelle, nous permet d'analyser les trajectoires selon des enchaînements de phases de cohérence agronomique, d'identifier des pratiques-clefs de transition, de caractériser des styles d'apprentissage selon les modes de mobilisation d'autrui, de l'expérience et de référentiels d'évaluation. Le contenu des apprentissages est abordé grâce à une analyse des jugements pragmatiques qui s'avèrent partiellement différents selon les trajectoires suivies.Sur le plan agronomique, nos résultats ouvrent des perspectives pour traiter de la dynamique des changements techniques au sein de l'exploitation, élaborer des démarches de diagnostic territorial et des dispositifs de conception/évaluation. L'identification de styles d'apprentissage constitue une perspective intéressante pour traiter des apprentissages en situation de travail. Enfin, sur le plan opérationnel, ce travail offre des outils pour structurer un travail d'accompagnement des agriculteurs vers des systèmes de culture innovantsTaking into account farmers' experience is essential to develop “ecological intensification” of agriculture. This paradigm shift within agronomic knowledge production raises questions about farmers' learning processes.Based on interviews conducted in Champagne Berrichonne of Indre with twenty cereal growers, who have reduced the use of pesticides and nitrogen over the course of their professional career, this thesis provides evidence on : (i) the different trajectories adopted in changing farming practices in the area studied, (ii) the dynamics of knowledge during these trajectories and (iii) the diversity of the ways farmers learn about technical change. Our methodological approach, borrowing some concepts of “professional didactic” (a French field of psychology) enables us to analyze trajectories as a combination of phases of agronomic coherence, to identify key practices of these transitions, and to characterize learning styles according to the mobilization of other individuals, the farmer's experiences and their references of evaluation. The content of learning is addressed through an analysis of pragmatic judgments which proved to be partially different for each particular trajectory.On the agronomic front, our results offer new perspectives to deal which the dynamics of technical change in farming systems or to develop approaches for territorial diagnosis and farming system design. The identification of learning styles is an interesting perspective to deal with learning issues in work situations. Finally, in operational terms, this work provides useful tools for experimental work in innovative cropping systems, and more generally for agricultural advice
39
Behn, Berliner Alex. "Patient Change Trajectories Over a Year of Psychoanalytic Therapy and Psychoanalysis." Thesis, 2014. https://doi.org/10.7916/D88S4N35.
Full textAbstract:
Univariate and multivariate growth curve analysis were conducted to examine the shape of change of 61 patients receiving either long-term psychodynamic therapy (N=43), or psychoanalysis (N=18). Outcome measures were the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), the Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology (QUIDS), the Social Adjustment Scale (SAS), and the Inventory of Interpersonal Relationship (IIP). Results: when variables are examined separately and jointly using the whole sample, one year of psychoanalytic treatment does not produce significant differences in rates of improvement between patients, indicating that the shape of change over the first year can be generalized to the sample. For QUIDS, BAI, and SAS levels, the shape of change can be described as a slightly downward straight line. For IIP levels, there may be some significant up and downturns suggesting a quadratic trajectory. For clinical course (QUIDS with BAI), the shape of change can be described as a straight, horizontal line, whereas for social adjustment (SAS with IIP), the shape of change is best described as a downward line. For social adjustment (SAS with IIP), the dynamic therapy group has more pronounced rates of improvement than the psychoanalysis group, and higher baseline levels are related to steeper slopes in dynamic therapy whereas for psychoanalysis higher initial levels tend to produce flatter. Clinical and conceptual implication as well as limitations of the study design are discussed.
40
Wang, Hsiao Ping, and 王曉萍. "Trajectories of cognitive change and risk factors among older Taiwanese with hip fracture." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/x6t3ah.
Full text
41
Vaz, Ana Rita Rendeiro Ribeiro. "Guided self help for bulimic disorders: effectiveness, predictors of outcome and trajectories of change." Doctoral thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1822/28828.
Full textAbstract:
Tese de doutoramento em Psicologia (Especialidade em Psicologia Clínica)Eating disorders are serious disorders associated with a great psychological comorbidity and with serious medical complications. Several studies have showed that Cognitive-Behavioral Treatment is effective and it is considered the first line treatment for these disorders. However, research has focus on alternative ways of delivering empirically evidence treatments. Shelf help can be an alternative to full CBT in the treatment of bulimic disorders. Research is still needed to investigate for whom this approach is efficient and how it should be implemented. The first chapter is an update of a previously paper published paper in Portuguese presenting the cognitive behavioral approach to the treatment of eating disorders. In this section are also present the main clinical characteristics of bulimic disorders and its epidemiology and provide the theoretical background for the later studies conducted. The second chapter of this dissertation describes a self help manual developed for bulimic disorders. The treatment program is based on Cognitive behavioral principles for the treatment of Eating disorders and addresses the behavioral and cognitive components of bulimic disorders. The self help manual developed was used in the later studies presented in this thesis. The third chapter of this dissertation is entitled “Guided self help CBT treatment for Bulimic Disorders: Effectiveness and clinical significant change” and aimed to test the effectiveness and clinical significant change of a guided self-help treatment program for bulimia nervosa and similar disorders. Results showed a significant reduction in eating disorders psychopathology, psychological distress and depressive symptomatology. Treatment was effective in reducing binge eating and purge frequencies. A clinically significant change occurred for the majority of participants, returning to levels of functioning within the range of normal population after treatment and at follow up. The fourth study in this dissertation “Early Change as a predictor of outcome in guided self-help treatment for bulimic disorders” addressed two main aims: to study time to achieve a significant reduction in binge eating and purge and the predictive role of early change in treatment outcome with a guided self help program. Results showed that a significant reduction of binge eating and purge frequencies occur early in treatment. On the other hand, early change was found to be the most significant predictor of binge eating remission at the end of treatment and follow up and also of binge eating frequency improvement. These results are contextualized in terms of their implications for intervention strategies, namely the implementation of stepped care models. The fifth chapter of this dissertation is entitled “Trajectories’ of change during a guided self-help program for Bulimic Disorders” and aimed to study the course of change of bulimic symptoms, such as binge eating and purge frequencies throughout a guided self help treatment. Results showed a non linear change in symptoms. Participants who remained clinical at end of treatment and follow up showed different growth curves for binge eating frequency since a deceleration at mid-treatment occurred. Baseline severity was not found to be a significant predictor of the growth curves obtained. Results are discussed regarding their implication in adopting less intensive treatment strategies as a fists step and the need to continuing monitoring symptoms during treatment as a way to inform clinical decisions regarding treatment implementation. Guided self help seems to be a valuable first step in the treatment of bulimic disorders. Models of intervention for bulimic disorders should include continued monitoring and access change during the course of treatment as way to better plan and implement individually and tailored intervention strategies that can lead to improve treatment outcome.
As Perturbações Alimentares são perturbações graves associadas a grande comorbilidade psicológica e, muitas vezes, a complicações médicas. Vários estudos mostram que o tratamento cognitivo-Comportamental é eficaz e considerado como tratamento de primeira escolha no tratamento destas perturbações. A investigação tem procurado formas alternativas de tratamento que permitam tornar mais acessíveis tratamentos empiricamente validados. A auto-ajuda guiada pode ser uma alternativa à terapia cognitivo comportamental no tratamento das perturbações bulímicas. É necessária mais investigação no sentido de perceber para quem estas intervenções são eficazes e como devem ser implementadas. O primeiro capítulo consiste numa versão revista de um artigo anteriormente publicado em português relativo à abordagem cognitivo comportamental no tratamento das perturbações alimentares. Nesta secção da tese são também apresentadas as principais características clínicas e epidemiologia das perturbações bulímicas, sendo fornecido o referencial teórico para os estudos posteriormente conduzidos. O segundo capítulo desta dissertação descreve o desenvolvimento de um manual de auto-ajuda para as perturbações bulímicas. O programa de tratamento é baseado nos princípios cognitivo comportamentais para o tratamento da bulimia e perturbações semelhantes. O manual desenvolvido foi utilizado nos estudos posteriormente descritos nesta tese. O terceiro capítulo desta tese tem como título “Tratamento auto-dirirgido para as Perturbações Bulímicas: Eficácia e mudança clinicamente significativa” e teve como objetivo testar a eficácia e mudança clinica significativa de um programa de auto-ajuda para a bulimia e perturbações semelhantes. Os resultados mostraram uma redução significativa da psicopatologia das perturbações alimentares, disfuncionamento psicológico e sintomatologia depressiva. O tratamento foi eficaz na redução dos episódios de ingestão alimentar compulsiva e métodos compensatórios. O programa mostrou uma mudança clinicamente significativa para a maioria dos pacientes para níveis de funcionamento semelhantes aos apresentados pela população normal. O quarto capítulo desta dissertação intitulado “Mudança precoce como preditor de resultados num tratamento de auto-ajuda para as perturbações bulímicas” teve dois principais objetivos: estudar qual o tempo necessário de tratamento para alcançar uma redução significativa de sintomas de ingestão alimentar compulsiva e métodos compensatório e estudar o valor preditivo da mudança precoce nos resultados do tratamento. Os resultados mostram que uma redução significativa dos sintomas acontece numa fase precoce do tratamento. A mudança precoce foi identificada neste estudo como o preditor de remissão da perturbação alimentar e de diminuição da frequência de Ingestão compulsiva. Os resultados obtidos foram contextualizados em termos das suas implicações no que diz respeito ao planeamento de estratégias de intervenção, nomeadamente na implementação de abordagens por passos no tratamento. O quinto capítulo desta dissertação denomina-se “Trajetórias de mudança durante um tratamento auto-dirigido para as perturbações bulímicas” e teve como principal objetivo estudar o curso de mudança dos sintomas bulímicos. Os resultados mostram uma mudança não linear destes sintomas. Os participantes que mantiveram os critérios clínicos para as perturbações de comportamento alimentar no final do tratamento e seguimento mostraram curvas de crescimento para a frequência de ingestão alimentar compulsiva diferentes, evidenciando uma desaceleração na fase intermédia do tratamento. A severidade sintomática inicial não foi identificada como um preditor das curvas de crescimento obtidas. Os resultados foram discutidos tendo em conta as suas implicações na adoção de estratégias de baixa intensidade como primeiro passo, bem como a necessidade da monitorização contínua de sintomas durante o tratamento, como forma de tomar decisões clínicas informadas em relação à implementação do mesmo. A auto-ajuda guiada parece ser um primeiro passo importante no tratamento das perturbações bulímicas. Os modelos de intervenção devem incluir a monitorização contínua de sintomas e avaliar a mudança ao longo do curso do tratamento, como forma de melhor planear e implementar estratégias de intervenção individualizadas e adaptadas que possam levar a uma melhoria dos resultados terapêuticos.
42
"Spatio-Temporal Data Mining to Detect Changes and Clusters in Trajectories." Doctoral diss., 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.15907.
Full textAbstract:
abstract: With the rapid development of mobile sensing technologies like GPS, RFID, sensors in smartphones, etc., capturing position data in the form of trajectories has become easy. Moving object trajectory analysis is a growing area of interest these days owing to its applications in various domains such as marketing, security, traffic monitoring and management, etc. To better understand movement behaviors from the raw mobility data, this doctoral work provides analytic models for analyzing trajectory data. As a first contribution, a model is developed to detect changes in trajectories with time. If the taxis moving in a city are viewed as sensors that provide real time information of the traffic in the city, a change in these trajectories with time can reveal that the road network has changed. To detect changes, trajectories are modeled with a Hidden Markov Model (HMM). A modified training algorithm, for parameter estimation in HMM, called m-BaumWelch, is used to develop likelihood estimates under assumed changes and used to detect changes in trajectory data with time. Data from vehicles are used to test the method for change detection. Secondly, sequential pattern mining is used to develop a model to detect changes in frequent patterns occurring in trajectory data. The aim is to answer two questions: Are the frequent patterns still frequent in the new data? If they are frequent, has the time interval distribution in the pattern changed? Two different approaches are considered for change detection, frequency-based approach and distribution-based approach. The methods are illustrated with vehicle trajectory data. Finally, a model is developed for clustering and outlier detection in semantic trajectories. A challenge with clustering semantic trajectories is that both numeric and categorical attributes are present. Another problem to be addressed while clustering is that trajectories can be of different lengths and also have missing values. A tree-based ensemble is used to address these problems. The approach is extended to outlier detection in semantic trajectories.Dissertation/Thesis
Ph.D. Industrial Engineering 2012
43
Liu, Lei. "Trajectories of collaborative scientific conceptual change middle school students learning about ecosystems in a CSCL environment /." 2008. http://hdl.rutgers.edu/1782.2/rucore10001600001.ETD.000051090.
Full text
44
Nordberg, Samuel S. Castonguay Louis Georges. "Trajectories of change in psychological treatment analysis of client-response to treatment in a university clinic /." 2008. http://etda.libraries.psu.edu/theses/approved/WorldWideIndex/ETD-3474/index.html.
Full text
45
Siao-LingLi and 李筱翎. "BMI Change Trajectories Before Development of Diabetes for Taiwanese Elderly Population: An 18-years Follow-up Study." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/92sx47.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立成功大學
老年學研究所
101
Objective: Little is known about weight changes preceding diagnosis of diabetes in middle-aged and older adults. We examine long-term trajectories in body mass index (BMI) of those who do and do not develop diabetes. Study Design and Setting: This study utilized retrospective cohort study design with participants aged 50+ from the Taiwan Longitudinal Study of Aging (TLSA, 1989-2007). Individuals who developed diabetes in 2007 (n=200) were compared to adults without diabetes throughout the observational period (n=3,576). Multilevel modeling was used to examine annual levels and rates of change in BMI before diabetes. Results: We found an overall trend of increasing BMI (βtime=0.08, p〈.001), and the trend slowed as the participants aged (βtime2= -0.002, p〈.001). Participants who developed diabetes exhibit higher BMI scores (βdiabetes =1.294, p〈.01) and a faster rate of weight gain (βdiabetes*time=0.15, p〈0.05) until approximately 6.5 years before physician-diagnosed diabetes. Diabetes associated with the higher level of BMI was especially evident in women; and the faster rate of weight gain was especially prominent in men or individuals with BMI≥24. These results has controlled for time-varying comorbidities and behavioral factors. Conclusions: Our study support that diabetes is associated with a faster rate of weight gain, even in middle-aged and older adults. The finding that middle-aged and older adults who develop diabetes experience an unplanned weight loss prior to self-reported diagnosis has practical implications that unplanned weight loss may be an alarm for under-diagnosed diabetes or a precursor to developing diabetes.
46
Kuo-WenKuo and 郭國文. "The Trajectories of Institutional Change in Intergovernmental Relations and Local Government Finance－A Case Study of Tainan City." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/a43m87.
Full textAbstract:
博士國立成功大學
政治經濟研究所
103
Taiwan now has six special municipalities and sixteen counties. This is the largest change in local government in Taiwan since the downsizing of the provincial government. The focus of this study is how Taiwan’s democratic transition influenced relations between central and local government, thereby impacting the allocation of local government financial resources. This study applies “system” (legal system) as the independent variable. The “system” (legal system) variable is based on laws related to local self-governance. Furthermore, changes in intergovernmental relations are produced by the institutional norms of each period. This study produced five major findings: (1) Distant partnership relations. (2) Tax raising capacity has declined, financial centralization has deepened. (3) Issue of public debt “cash cards” to meet demands. (4) Devolved responsibilities, similar operating practices. (5) Decentralization of powers, fiscal centralization. Key words: Democratic Transition, Institutional Change , Intergovernmental Relations ,Local Government Finance ,financial autonomy, financial dependence
47
"Sustained school improvement in a turbulent reform environment: case studies of four primary schools' nine-year trajectories in Hong Kong." 2012. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5549628.
Full textAbstract:
香港政府在二千年推行教育改革，目的在培養終身學習者。然而，對於學校如何在教改下進行改進，特別是初步校外支援後的發展，仍未有任何研究。本研究探討四所小學在教改下九年來的發展軌跡(1999-2008) ，旨在揭示學校改善的進程和能持續改進的原因。研究挑選了四個初步成功改革的學校個案，探討有關問題。研究資料來自兩個時段( 2001-03 年和2007-08 年) ，資料搜集方法包括訪問學校不同持份者和校外夥伴;實地觀察課堂、學生活動、專業發展活動和不間類型的會議;以及分析文件。
研究發現，經過近十年的努力，四所學校在教與學、管理和組織、專業發展及家校合作四方面，都有顯著改善。這些改善相互支持學生的主動學習。然而，四所學校都面對著教育環境不斷變化所帶來的考驗，而學校能否將挑戰轉化為發展機會，取決於學校領導的集體解難能力。
研究進一步發現學校變革的六個進程「聚焦和構建」、「管理阻力」、「試驗和技術轉移」、「試驗延展」、「深化和擴大改革」和「應付新抗戰」。這些進程標誌了學校在不同的改進階段所要解決的關鍵問題，以及校內外的變革能動者如何合力解決這些難題，推進學校發展。
研究又發現，學校領導、校外支援、新的學校組織結構，以及校外政策環境，是推動學校改進的關鍵因素。透過學校領導的中介作用，政府的教改政策和所提供的各種資源，為學校改進提供了必要的方向、壓力和支持。學校導、校外支援和新的組織結構在不同階段的交互作用，以及不斷調校以回應不同時期的改進需求也是至關重要的。最後，隨著學校變革，學校出現了一群新領導，他們不僅幫助學校深化和擴大改革，也幫助學校回應新挑戰。
本研究對學校改進的知識領域有三方面的貢獻，它揭示了1) 學校成功改善的進程和持續改進所需的條件; 2) 學校領導在學校改進中所扮演的角色;以及3) 政府政策影響學校教與學及行事方式的途徑。根據研究結果，本研究對教育當局和為學校提供專業支援的組織應如何協助學校改進，以及學校領導如何領導變革，作出建議。
This study aims to understand the processes and dynamics of sustainable school improvement. To do so, it examined the nine-year improvement trajectories (1999-2008) of four Hong Kong primary schools that had received initial intensive support from a school improvement program in the context of educational reform. The government sponsors education reform aimed at developing life-long leamers. However, little is known about how schools improve in the current reform environment, especially beyond the initial stage of intensive support. This study seeks to fill these gaps.
The study employed a longitudinal multiple-case design. Four primary schools with initial reform success were purposefully chosen. Schools' improvement trajectories were traced using data gathered from two time periods (2001-2003 and 2007-2008)'. Data collected include interviews of key stakeholders and external partners; observations of classes, student'activities, staff development activities, and meetings at different levels; and review of documents.
The study found that after a decade of conscientious reform efforts, the four schools underwent transformational changes in four areas of practice: Teaching and learning, organization and management, professional development, and parental involvement. The improved practice in these four areas synergistically supported students' active learning. However, the schools also faced daunting challenges posed by the changing educational environment. The leaders' collective problem-solving ability determined how well the schools could address these new challenges.
The study uncovered six common processes that led to the schools' deep qualitative changes of practice. These processes are: Focus and Build, Manage Resistance, Skills Transfer, Scale Up, Deepen and Broaden Reform, and Cope with New Challenges. The processes mark the critical issues and challenges across the schools' different stages of improvement, and how different actors addressed these issues. The processes also show how improvement advanced in the schools, from when new practice took root in a group of teacher leaders, to gradual involvement of the whole faculty.
The study further found that school leadership worked synergistically with external support, new school structures, and external influences to drive school improvement. Specifically, mediated by school leadership, policy mandates and various external resources provided the needed direction, pressure and support for improvement. The synergistic interplay and adaptation of leadership, external support and school structures to the schools' changing needs was also vital. Last but not least, empowered by the principal, external support and organization redesign, the emerged senior and mid-level leaders not only helped the schools deepen and broaden reform, but also increased their capacity to address new challenges.
The study contributes to the knowledge of school improvement in three ways. First, it reveals the previously undescribed processes of successful school transformation and what is needed to sustain improvement. Second, it deepens the understandings of school leadership's role in school improvement. Third, it makes explicit the pathways of government policies in changing school practice. Based on the fmdings, the study suggests that policymakers and support providers should invest in several key levers to effect school improvement, take school leadership into account in designing and funding support programs, and adjust interventions according to schools' developmental needs. The study also makes several recommendations for school leaders to lead and manage change.
Detailed summary in vernacular field only.
Detailed summary in vernacular field only.
Detailed summary in vernacular field only.
Detailed summary in vernacular field only.
Detailed summary in vernacular field only.
Detailed summary in vernacular field only.
Li, Yuk Yung Charlotte.
"October 2011."
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2012.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 309-326).
Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web.
Abstract also in Chinese.
Abstract --- p.i
摘要 --- p.iii
Acknowledgements --- p.v
Figures --- p.ix
Tables --- p.x
Chapter Chapter One --- Introduction --- p.1
School Improvement in a Turbulent Reform Environment --- p.2
The Mystery ofImprovement beyond Initial Support --- p.4
Current State of Research on Sustained School Improvement --- p.7
Research Aims and Questions --- p.10
Importance of the Study --- p.11
Structure of the Thesis --- p.13
Chapter Chapter Two --- Reform Context --- p.16
Reform Antecedents --- p.17
Education Reform since 2000 --- p.22
New Role of Tertiary Institutions in School Improvement --- p.33
Summary: The Turbulent Environment of School Improvement --- p.37
Chapter Chapter Three --- Literature Review --- p.39
Theoretical Perspectives on School Change --- p.40
Empirical Evidence on Sustained School Improvement --- p.49
Local Research on School Change --- p.65
Summary: Gaps in Knowledge and Theoretical Implications for the Study --- p.76
Chapter Chapter Four --- Research Design and Methodology --- p.78
Research Design --- p.78
Data Sources --- p.87
Data Analysis --- p.97
Methodological Issues --- p.117
Summary --- p.120
Chapter Chapter Five --- Improvement of Practice in the Four Schools: Before and After --- p.122
The Four Case Schools --- p.123
The Improvement Context: 1999/2001 --- p.127
Changes in School Practice Observed: 2007-2008 --- p.138
Summary: Improved Practice in the Four Schools --- p.172
Chapter Chapter Six --- The Common Improvement Processes --- p.175
Focus and Build --- p.178
Manage Resistance --- p.186
Skills Transfer --- p.192
Scale Up --- p.199
Deepen and Broaden Refonn --- p.204
Cope with New Challenges --- p.217
Summary: The Common Improvement Processes --- p.224
Chapter Chapter Seven --- The Dynamics of School Improvement --- p.227
External Influences and Mediations of School Leadership --- p.228
Synergy of School Leadership, External Support and Organization Redesign in Driving Change --- p.238
From Principal Leadership to a Broad-based School Leadership --- p.255
Summary: The Dynamics of School Improvement --- p.263
Chapter Chapter Eight --- Conclusions and Implications --- p.265
Overview of the Research Process --- p.265
Summary of the Major Findings of the Study --- p.268
Implications of the Study --- p.276
Limitations and Direction for Research --- p.292
Appendices --- p.296
Bibliography --- p.309
48
Ramos, Ana Rita Arieira. "Anorexia nervosa: trajetórias de mudança e preditores de resultados terapêuticos." Master's thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1822/49337.
Full textAbstract:
Dissertação de mestrado integrado em PsicologiaO presente estudo teve como objetivos a identificação de variáveis preditoras de gravidade clínica da Anorexia Nervosa na apresentação ao tratamento e a identificação de variáveis preditoras de Remissão Parcial 12 meses após o início do tratamento. Adicionalmente, pretendeu-se descrever as trajetórias de mudança do peso e da psicopatologia associada à perturbação alimentar ao longo das sessões. A amostra foi constituída por 37 pacientes diagnosticadas com Anorexia Nervosa que realizavam o tratamento habitual para esta perturbação em dois centros hospitalares portugueses. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que nenhuma variável se mostrou preditora da gravidade clínica na apresentação e que apenas o IMC se mostrou preditor de Remissão Parcial após 12 meses. Foi também verificado um efeito preditor do IMC nas trajetórias de peso (B=2.02, p=.000) e nas trajetórias de preocupação com a alimentação ao longo do tratamento (B=.255; p=.041). Este estudo pretende contribuir para a identificação das variáveis que estão associadas com os resultados terapêuticos obtidos na Anorexia Nervosa e para a compreensão do curso da doença ao longo do tratamento. Estas são questões essenciais para o desenvolvimento de futuras intervenções de maior eficácia.
The purpose of the present study was to identify preditors of severity for Anorexia Nervosa at baseline and predictors of remission 12 months after initiation of treatment. In addition, it was intended to describe the trajectories of weight change and psychopathology associated with food disturbance throughout the sessions. The sample consisted of 37 patients diagnosed with Anorexia Nervosa who underwent standard treatment for this disease in two portuguese hospitals. The results showed that no variable was predictive of clinical severity at presentation and that only the BMI was a predictor of Partial Remission after 12 months. It was also verified a predictive effect of BMI on weight trajectories (B=2.02, p = .000) and trajectories of concern with feeding throughout the treatment (B=.255; p=.041). This study aims to contribute to the identification of the variables that are associated with the therapeutic results obtained in Anorexia Nervosa and to the understanding of the course of the disease throughout the treatment. These are key issues for the development of interventions more effective in the future.
49
Chui, Helena, C. A. Hoppmann, D. Gerstorf, and M. A. Luszcz. "Trajectories of Depressive Symptoms in Old Age: Integrating Age-, Pathology-, and Mortality-Related Changes." 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/7508.
Full textAbstract:
yesLate life involves a variety of different challenges to well-being. This study extends and qualifies propositions drawn from the paradox of well-being in aging using 15-year longitudinal data on depressive symptoms from old and very old participants in the Australian Longitudinal Study of Ageing (Baseline N 2,087; Mage 78.69 years; range: 65–103 years; 49.40% women). We first examined age-related trajectories in depressive symptoms from young-old to oldest-old, taking into account (changes in) relevant correlates, pathology, and mortality; and, second, we investigated gender differences in these trajectories. Results revealed that age-related trajectories of depressive symptoms were predictive of mortality hazards. The unique predictive effects of both level of, and change in, depressive symptoms were independent of one another and held after taking into account education as well as changes in marital status, living arrangements, cognitive function, and illness burden. In addition, results indicated that depressive symptoms were elevated among participants suffering from arthritis, and increased with age more markedly in men than in women. In particular, the significant Age Gender interaction indicated that the gender gap in depressive symptoms reduced from young-old to old-old and reversed in very old age when men showed more depressive symptoms than women. Qualifying the paradox of well-being in aging, findings demonstrated that depressive symptoms increased from young-old to oldest-old and suggest that age-, pathology-, and mortality-related changes should be examined in concert to advance our understanding of individual differences in depressive symptom trajectories in late life.
50
"Movement trajectories: Patterns in placement changes of former foster youth leading to the transition to adulthood." THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO, 2010. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3369452.
Full text