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1

FERNANDEZ, CASSIANA YUMI HAYASHI. "REAL EXCHANGE RATE AND COMMODITY PRICES: RELATION IDENTIFIED USING CHANGES OF EXCHANGE RATE REGIME." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2003. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=4235@1.

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A partir do método de Rigobon (2001) para identificação de um sistema de equações simultâneas na presença de heterocedasticidade, aprofundamos a discussão sobre a relação entre os preços internacionais de commodities e o câmbio real para países com determinadas características. Ao contrário da abordagem tradicional da literatura de commodity currency nesta dissertação admitimos a possibilidade dos preços de commodities serem endógenos em relação à taxa de câmbio, trabalhamos com séries que incorporam mais de um regime cambial e, através de diversas simulações, encontramos evidências de que hipóteses sobre a estacionariedade das séries, em torno da raiz unitária, não afetam significativamente os resultados do exercício empírico. Salvo algumas restrições, os resultados derivados sugerem que o câmbio real do Brasil deve apreciar em resposta a elevações nos preços internacionais das principais commodities que exporta, mas a elasticidade dos preços de commodities em relação ao câmbio não pode ser considerada estatisticamente diferente de zero. Para a Nova Zelândia, as evidências indicam que os efeitos contemporâneos dos movimentos da taxa de câmbio sobre os preços das suas principais commodities exportadas é significativo, embora o efeito dos preços das commodities sobre o câmbio deva ser considerado estatisticamente igual a zero.
Using Rigobons (2001) identification method for simultaneous equations models, based on the heteroskedasticity of the structural shocks, we analyze the relationship between the exchange rate and commodity prices for specific countries. Instead of the traditional approach of the commodity currency literature, we allow for endogenous effects of the exchange rates on the commodity prices, and we work with series that span two exchange rate regimes. From the results of some simulations, we also find out that the lack of assumptions about the stationarity of the series, close to the unity root, do not harm the conclusions of the empirical exercise. In spite of some caveats, the results of the empirical investigation suggest that the real exchange rate of Brazil should appreciate in response to a rise in the prices of its most important export commodities. However, the elasticity of the commodity prices to the exchange rate can not be considered different from zero, implicating that the country does not have much market power in the trade of these commodities. For New Zealand, the evidence indicates that exchange rate variations are important for the determination of the commodity prices, although the impact of commodity prices on the exchange rate is statistically equal to zero.
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2

Sŏng, Myŏng-hwan. "Korean beef import demand and impacts of exchange rate changes /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1996. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9717152.

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3

Kuntashula, Justine. "Effects of exchange rate changes on the Zambi's trade balance." Thesis, Högskolan Väst, Avd för juridik, ekonomi, statistik och politik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hv:diva-15555.

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In this paper, we examined the effects of real effective exchange rate (REER) changes on the Zambia´s trade balance, and whether the Marshal-Lerner condition (M-Lerner condition) and the Jcurve effect are satisfied in Zambia following the depreciation of the Zambian Kwacha (ZMK) against the U.S. dollar. Using annual time series data from 1990 through to 2019, the Johansen cointegration test results show that there is a long run relationship between the trade balance, the real effective exchange rate, the Zambia's GDP growth, the world´s GDP growth, and the Zambia´s terms of trade. A standard trade balance model was employed to estimate the long run and short run relationships between the trade balance and the variables in the trade balance model. The results from the trade balance show that the depreciation of the ZMK against the U.S. dollar improves the trade balance in the long run though the results could not validate the M-L condition since the coefficient value of REER was found to be far much less than unity (1). The results further uncover that the world´s GDP growth and the terms of trade both have a significant positive effect on the trade balance in the long run. The Zambia´s GDP growth was found to be statistically insignificant. In the short run, the results from the trade balance model show that the effects of the depreciation of the ZMK against the U.S. dollar on the trade balance were statistically insignificant, thus not consistent with the J-curve effect. The results from the Error Correction Model (ECM) on the other hand show that about 6.3% of the disequilibrium in the Zambia´s trade balance model is corrected every after one year.
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4

Seo, Ok-Sun. "Pricing to market when exchange rate changes and output level matters." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/4371.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2006.
The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file viewed on (March 1, 2006) Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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5

Diallo, Ibrahima Amadou. "EXCHANGE RATE POLICY AND PRODUCTIVITY." Phd thesis, Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00997038.

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Cette thèse étudie comment le taux de change effectif réel (TCER) et ses mesures associées (volatilité du TCER et désalignement du TCER) affectent la croissance de la productivité totale des facteurs (CPTF). Elle analyse également les canaux par lesquels le TCER et ses mesures associées agissent sur la productivité totale des facteurs (PTF). La première partie étudie comment le TCER lui-même, d'une part, et la volatilité du TCER, d'autre part, influencent la productivité. Une analyse du lien entre le niveau du TCER et la PTF dans le chapitre 1 indique qu'une appréciation de taux de change cause une augmentation de la PTF. Mais cet impact est également non-linéaire: en-dessous du seuil, le TCER influence négativement la productivité tandis qu'au-dessus du seuil il agit positivement. Les résultats du chapitre 2 illustrent que la volatilité du TCER affecte négativement la CPTF. Nous avons également constaté que la volatilité du TCER agit sur PTF selon le niveau du développement financier. Pour les pays modérément financièrement développés, la volatilité du TCER réagit négativement sur la productivité et n'a aucun effet sur la productivité pour les niveaux très bas et très élevés du développement financier. La deuxième partie examine les canaux par lesquels le TCER et ses mesures associées influencent la productivité. Les résultats du chapitre 3 illustrent que la volatilité du TCER a un impact négatif élevé sur l'investissement. Ces résultats sont robustes dans les pays à faible revenu et les pays à revenu moyens, et en employant une mesure alternative de volatilité du TCER. Le chapitre 4 montre que le désalignement du taux de change réel et la volatilité du taux de change réel affectent négativement les exportations. Il démontre également que la volatilité du taux de change réel est plus nocive aux exportations que le désalignement. Ces résultats sont corroborés par des résultats sur des sous-échantillons de pays à bas revenu et à revenu moyen.
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6

Brito, Gertrudys. "Effects of Exchange Rate Changes on Sugar and Rice Trade of the Dominican Republic." DigitalCommons@USU, 1989. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/4057.

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The present research measures the role of exchange rate changes in explaining variations of sugar and rice trade. As background for this research, monetary, fiscal, and exchange rate policies of the Dominican Republic since 1970 are reviewed. The theoretical framework describing the relationship between exchange rate changes and sugar and rice trade has been tested empirically using the Dominican Republic's annual data for the period of 1970-1987. Regression analyses on the import of rice and export of sugar are estimated. The regression results conform with the expectation that exchange rate variance is most influential for rice import demand and less so for sugar export demand. That is to be expected because the trade environment for sugar is more restricted by noneconomic conditions than the trade environment for rice. The estimated exchange rate elasticity for rice import demand is 1.92, while for sugar export demand it averages 0.098 in the short run and 0.242 in the long run. Export volume is relatively insensitive to changes in the U. S price for Caribbean sugar but is responsive to changes in the real exchange rate. Empirical results of this research also indicate that the import demand for rice is highly sensitive to the gross domestic product but less responsive to changes in domestic rice production and exchange rates. The monetary and fiscal policies review shows that the Dominican government has consistently followed an expansionary fiscal and monetary policy. Over time monetary expansion and increasing government expenditures have resulted in an increasing exchange rate with predicable change in Dominican exports and imports including sugar (exports) and rice (imports ), therefore having some effect on sugar and rice trade as well. Dramatic depreciation of the Dominican peso in the past three years relative to the first 15 years of the data period suggests that further research and reestimation of the link o f monetary and fiscal policies to exchange rates and commodity trade should be done as the data are available to support them .
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7

Ryou, Hyunjoo. "Exchane Rate Dynamics under Financial Market Frictions- Exchange rate regime, capital market openness and monetary policy -Electoral cycle of exchange rate in Korea : The Trilemma in Korea." Phd thesis, Université de Cergy Pontoise, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00838836.

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-Exchange Rate Dynamics under Financial Market FrictionsThis paper extends Dornbusch's overshooting model by proposing "generalized interest parity condition", which assumes sluggish adjustment on the asset market. The exchange rate model under the generalized interest parity condition is able to reproduce the delayed overshooting of nominal exchange rates and the hump-shaped response to monetary shocks of both nominal and real exchange rates.-Electoral Cycle of Exchange Rate in KoreaThis paper empirically investigates the real exchange rate behavior around elections in Korea. We find that the real exchange rate depreciates more before the elections but there is no clear pattern found after the elections. Interestingly, this result is the opposite of the electoral cycle found in Latin American countries. To explain this results we should consider the difference between economic backgrounds of Korea and Latin American countries.-Exchange Rate Regime, Capital Market Openness and Monetary Policy; The Trilemma in KoreaThis paper tests the trilemma proposition by performing an empirical study of Korea. Korea has distinct periods of all combinations of exchange rate regime and capital market openness in trilemma: pegged exchange rate regime under capital controls, pegged exchange rate regime under free capital mobility, and floating exchange rate regime under free capital mobility. We check whether monetary autonomy exists in each of the three different combinations. We find that monetary autonomy existed over the periods with capital controls and the periods with floating exchange rate regime. For the periods with the pegged exchange rate regime and free capital mobility, monetary autonomy was limited. In addition, we identify that just before the financial crisis the government pursued autonomic monetary policy under pegged exchange rate regime and free capital mobility, thereby defying the trilemma.
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8

Mtonga, Elvis. "Regimes change and exchange rate dynamics : the rand." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/5734.

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Includes bibliographical references (p. 186-206).
The rand has since the mid-1980s maintained a long swing of decline that reversed in 2002 for a brief while; resuming the swing shortly thereafter. In contrast to these fairly predictable fluctuations, the rand’s short run movements are increasingly volatile and seemingly unpredictable. Anchored in the asset approach to exchange rate determination, this study examines the two issues of the long run and short run exchange rate dynamics of the rand.
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9

Zeileis, Achim, Ajay Shah, and Ila Patnaik. "Exchange Rate Regime Analysis Using Structural Change Methods." Department of Statistics and Mathematics, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2007. http://epub.wu.ac.at/386/1/document.pdf.

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Regression models for de facto currency regime classification are complemented by inferential techniques for tracking the stability of exchange rate regimes. Several structural change methods are adapted to these regressions: tools for assessing the stability of exchange rate regressions in historical data (testing), in incoming data (monitoring) and for determining the breakpoints of shifts in the exchange rate regime (dating). The tools are illustrated by investigating the Chinese exchange rate regime after China gave up on a fixed exchange rate to the US dollar in 2005 and to track the evolution of the Indian exchange rate regime since 1993.
Series: Research Report Series / Department of Statistics and Mathematics
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10

Kaukua, R. (Riina). "The effect of exchange rate changes on industry-level stock returns:evidence from the Nordic countries." Master's thesis, University of Oulu, 2019. http://jultika.oulu.fi/Record/nbnfioulu-201908232810.

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Abstract. The risk associated with the exchange rate exposure is yet an undiscovered topic in Nordic stock markets. A comparative investigation of Finnish, Swedish, Norwegian and Danish industry-level stock indices enables to identify the effects of structural similarities but also differences in economic policy-making on exchange rate exposure. Thus, the main aims of this master’s thesis are to analyse the industry- and country-specific similarities and differences in the detected exchange rate exposures alongside with detecting significant exposures. The stock returns are investigated on post-euro period of 1999–2019 in Basic Materials, Industrials, Consumer Goods and Services, Healthcare, Telecommunication, Media and IT as well as in Financial sector. The empirical model detects the exchange rate movements against U.S. dollar and above the market sensitivities of the constructed indices. The model also takes into account the characteristics of variance in the financial data with the usage of GARCH (1,1) specification. Statistically significant exchange rate exposure parameters are reported in all Nordic countries. The parameter is in most instances positive for a specific industry, which describes the industry being a net-importer, and vice versa. Consumer Goods and Services, Telecommunication, Media and IT and Financial sector seem to be the three, which are exposed in Finland, Sweden and Norway. Although the significant exposures are found in the mentioned industries, the signs do not exhibit consistent pattern across countries. Thus, the average exposures of each country seem to diverge largely despite the structural similarities and geographical locations of Nordic countries. The only exception is the similarity of the magnitude and sign of the exposures in Swedish and Norwegian industries, which are almost identical. The other two countries, Finland and Denmark, seem not to stand in line. Denmark seems to be the most divergent country as Healthcare industry being intensely and negatively exposed to exchange rate movements. The suggested explanation concerns the high exports of packaged medicaments to the United States and the highly developed healthcare technology of Denmark. Finland, in the other hand, possesses the most intense parameter values for all industry indices, which is assumedly due to the higher importance of the United States as a trading partner. Hence, it could cautiously be suggested that joining EMU, in the perspective of trade with the United States, might not be as beneficial for Finland as supposed earlier. The other Nordic countries maintain having local currencies as their argument is that it creates flexibility though possible undervaluation against other currencies but also leaves room for possible devaluation. This finding of Finland not having overall benefit in being a member of EMU pegs for further studies in order to consider it as a fact. The results are generalizable concerning the exchange rate exposure against the world’s largest currency, U.S. dollar. Additionally, the generalization of the fact that there are differences in exchange rate exposure in otherwise similar Nordic countries, is plausible.
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11

Chacon, Aguilar Ana Gloria. "Oil prices and the CAD / USD exchange rate." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/30231/30231.pdf.

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Ce mémoire étudie la relation entre les prix du pétrole et de l’énergie et le taux de change CAD/USD au moyen d’un modèle à correction d’erreur étroitement lié à l’équation du taux de change de la Banque du Canada. Une rupture structurelle se produit dans la relation entre les prix du pétrole et de l’énergie et le taux de change CAD/USD lorsque ce dernier est à parité. Par conséquent, un modèle à correction d’erreur est utilisé pour estimer le taux de change CAD/USD en intégrant l’effet de la parité par rapport à la non-parité dans l’équation de prévision. En outre, la sensibilité de l’équation du taux de change varie selon la présence ou l’absence de parité. Plus précisément, lorsque la parité est atteinte, le taux de change CAD/USD a moins tendance à répondre aux changements de prix du pétrole et de l’énergie.
This thesis studies the relationship between oil and energy prices with the CAD/USD exchange rate using an error correction model closely linked with the Bank of Canada’s exchange rate equation. A structural break occurs in the relationship between oil and energy prices and the CAD/USD exchange rate when this latter is at parity. Accordingly, an error correction model is employed to estimate the CAD/USD exchange rate by incorporating the effect of parity versus non-parity in the forecasting equation. Moreover, the sensitivity of the exchange rate equation shifts in the presence of parity versus the absence of parity. More precisely, when parity occurs, the CAD/USD exchange rate responds less to changes in oil and energy prices.
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12

Ben, Cheikh Nidhaleddine. "The pass-trough of exchange rate changes to price in the euro area : an empirical investigation." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013REN1G010/document.

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Cette thèse met en évidence l’aspect macroéconomique du degré de report du taux de change sur les prix dans la zone euro. Nous utilisons un large éventail de méthodes économétriques récentes afin de fournir des mesures robustes sur la transmission du taux change ainsi que sur ses déterminants macroéconomiques. Notre recherche révèle le rôle prépondérant des facteurs macroéconomiques dans le déclin récent du degré de report. Une conséquence directe de ce résultat est que la baisse du taux de transmission du change n’est pas nécessairement un phénomène structurel, et il peut être ainsi résolu par des politiques macroéconomiques conjoncturelles. Par exemple, l’adoption de régimes de politique monétaire plus crédibles avec l’engagement de maintenir une inflation faible joue un rôle important dans la réduction de la sensibilité des prix aux variations du change. Ceci est particulièrement valable pour les pays dont les politiques macroéconomiques sont historiquement laxistes. Ainsi, la poursuite de politiques économiques solide et lisible au sein de l’UEM peut être un outil efficace pour réduire le degré de report du taux de change
This thesis highlights the macroeconomic aspect of the exchange rate pass-through to domestic prices in the euro area countries. We use a wide range of up-to-date econometric methods in order to provide robust measures of the rate of pass-through as well as to shed further light on its macro determinants. The main finding of our research is the prominent role of macroeconomic forces in driving the recent declin of the transmission of currency movements. A direct consequence of this result is that the lowering in the rate of pass-through is not necessarily a structural phenomenon and it may be solved via macroeconomic policies. For instance, the shift to a more stable monetary policy conditions with credible and anti-inflationary regime would reduce the sensibility of prices to exchange rate changes. This is especially true for countries with historically poor macroeconomic policies. Thus, a better macroeconomic management with a sounder set of policies within the EMU may be an effective tool for reducing the degree of pass-through
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Liaw, Ain-Ding. "A study on the effects of exchange rate changes on Taiwan's agricultural markets : an elasticity approach /." The Ohio State University, 1990. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487676847117895.

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14

Sangare, Ibrahima. "Essays on exchange rate policies and monetary integration." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0381/document.

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Cette thèse étudie le choix des régimes de change dans des contextes économiques particuliers. La première partie (Chapitres 1 et 2) considère le cas des petits pays dont les dettes sont libellées en monnaies étrangères et celui d’une région constituée de tels petits pays lorsqu’il existe une similitude dans la composition des paniers définissant leurs taux de change effectifs. La deuxième partie de la thèse (Chapitres 3 et 4) se penche sur la considération des différents régimes de change dans le contexte monétaire de trappe à liquidité comparativement à un environnement monétaire traditionnel. En se basant sur une modélisation théorique de type DSGE, l’économétrie bayésienne et des données de panel, la thèse utilise principalement l’analyse des fonctions de réponses, de bien-être et de désalignements monétaires comme critères de comparaison de plusieurs régimes monétaires alternatifs. Les principaux enseignements de cette thèse se résument ainsi. Le change flexible semble être le meilleur régime pour des petites économies ouvertes comme ceux de l’Asie du Sud-Est. Au niveau régional, il est montré le ciblage effectif conduit à une stabilité des taux de change bilatéraux de la région, une sorte de fixité des taux de change qui ressemblerait à une zone monétaire de facto. Dans le contexte monétaire de trappe à liquidité, on trouve que,contrairement à la croyance commune lors la crise de la zone euro, l’union monétaire est plus performante que des politiques nationales de change flexible. Seule une intervention sur le taux de change nominal pourrait permettre au régime de change indépendant de dominer l’union monétaire. A travers une analyse théorique et empirique de l’effet de la trappe à liquidité sur l’ampleur des désalignements monétaires, il est aussi montré que la contrainte ZLB tend à réduire le désalignement monétaire dans une union monétaire comparativement aux politiques nationales de flottement.Cela plaide en faveur du renforcement de l’intégration monétaire au sein d’une union durant la période de trappe à liquidité
This thesis investigates the choice of exchange rate regimes in specific economic contexts. The first part of this work (Chapters 1 and 2) considers the case of small open economies with foreign-currency denominated debt and that of a region where there is a similarity among trade-weighted currency baskets of countries. The second part of the thesis (Chapters 3 and 4) focuses on the study of exchange rate regimes and monetary integration in a liquidity trap environment relative to “tranquil” times. Based on dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) models and Bayesian and Panel data econometrics, the thesis mainly uses the analyses of impulse responses, welfare and currency misalignments as comparison criteria among alternative currency regimes.The key lessons from this work are summarized as follows. For small open economies heavily in debted in foreign currency, like those of Southeast Asia, the flexible exchange is the best regime, followed by intermediate and fixed exchange rate regimes. At the regional level, it is shown that the exchange rate targeting regime leads to a stability of intra-regional bilateral exchange rates, which is a sort of fixity of exchange rates similar to a “de facto currency area”. In the context of a liquidity trap, we find that, contrary to common belief during the Euro area crisis, the currency union welfare dominates the independent floating regime. Only a central bank intervention in the form of a managed float policy could allow the independent floating to outperform the monetary union.Through both the empirical and theoretical analyses of the liquidity trap effects on currency misalignments, it is shown that the ZLB constraint tends to reduce currency misalignments compared with the independent floating policy. This suggests a reinforcement of the monetary integration within a monetary union during the liquidity trap
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Bruneau, Gabriel. "Labour Market Adjustments to Real Exchange Rate Fluctuations." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25052/25052.pdf.

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Ce papier évalue la sensibilité de l'emploi, des heures travaillées et des salaires aux variations du taux de change pour les industries manufacturières canadiennes et fournit une étude empirique de l'ajustement de l'emploi, des heures travaillées et des salaires dans de telles industries. L'analyse est basée sur un modèle dynamique appliqué à un panel de 21 industries de 1987 à 2006. L'effet net de l'appréciation du dollar canadien s'est avéré statistiquement significatif et négatif pour l'emploi, les heures travaillées et les salaires, bien que l'effet sur les heures travaillées soit plus prononcé. De plus, l'impact négatif de la dépendance élevée des industries canadiennes envers les exportations. conjugué à l'impact négatif créé par l'appréciation du taux de change sur les importations des intrants étrangers qui sont des substituts à l'intrant travail, augmente les effets négatifs sur ce dernier, les effets de substitution et de revenu allant dans le même sens.
This paper evaluates the response of employment, hours worked and wages to real exchange rate shocks in the Canadian manufacturing industries and provides an empirical study of the adjustment of employment, hours worked and wages in such industries. The analysis is based on a dynamic model applied to a panel of 21 manufacturing industries from 1987 to 2006. The net effect of the Canadian dollar's appreciation was found to be statistically significant and negative for employment, hours worked and wages, although the effect on hours worked is more pronounced. Furthermore, the negative impact of the high dependency of Canadian manufacturing industries on export, in combination with the negative effect that the appreciation have on the import of foreign inputs that are substitute to labour input, enhance the negative effects on the latter, since the substitution and theoutput channels are going in the same direction.
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Bajwa, Ishtiaq Ahmad. "Oral intervention and de facto exchange rate regime in Pakistan." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX24028.

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Notre thèse vise deux domaines inter reliés des marchés taux de change en se référant particulièrement à un marché émergent qui est le Pakistan. Ces domaines sont le rôle et l'efficacité de l'intervention orale sur le marché des changes étrangers et le régime "de facto" adopté par le pays. Nous avons collecté une base de données complète des rapports, des communiqués de presse fournis par des autorités pakistanaises et d'autres informations, qui pourraient affecter le taux de change de la roupie pakistanaise contre le dollar US. Pour étudier l'efficacité de la stratégie d'intervention orale de l'autorité monétaire pakistanaise, nous avons appliqué l'approche d'étude d'évènement couramment utilisée dans la littérature. Nous avons analysé les effets des évènements de l'intervention orale en utilisant un test de signe non-paramétrique basé sur différents critères d'évaluation. Cette efficacité a été observée sur le niveau et la volatilité du taux de change sur le marché de changes officiel. Toutefois, cette thèse présente un aspect intéressant qui concerne le fait que nous avons également examiné les effets des évènements d'une intervention orale sur le prix de change au marché parallèle. L'approche mentionnée ci-dessus a été employée pour examiner les effets de l'intervention orale sur la prime, le taux et la volatilité du marché parallèle. La thèse étudie également le régime de facto du taux de change du Pakistan. Pour étudier le régime de facto du taux de change de ce pays, nous avons utilisé un panier de devises et nous nous sommes placé dans un contexte de "exchange market pressure". Nous avons également examiné l'impact de deux ensembles différents de devises (régional et du Moyen-Orient) sur la roupie pakistanaise. Enfin, le modèle structural de Bai et de Perron a été appliqué pour obtenir la coupure de la série de données de l'échantillon. Les résultats obtenus indiquent que l'intervention orale demeure efficace pour le niveau et la volatilité du taux de change sur le marché de changes officiel. Un résultat intéressant ressort de cette étude qui stipule que les efforts d'une intervention orale sont également réussis; ils permettent d'influencer la prime et la volatilité du marché parallèle dans le sens désiré. La comparaison entre les régimes de change suivis par le pays, de jure ( flottant contrôlé) ou de facto (fixé par rapport au dollar), révèle des disparités pour une grande partie de la période d'étude
The thesis targets two inter related areas of the foreign exchange market with special references to an emerging economy, Pakistan. These areas are the role and effectiveness of oral intervention in the foreign exchange market and de facto exchange rate regime followed by the country. We collected a comprehensive database of statements, press releases by paskistani authorities and other news, which could affect the exchange rate of the pakistani rupee against the US dollar. We applied the event stydy approach , widely used in the available literature, to investigate the effectiveness of the oral intervention strategy of pakistani monetary authority. We analyzed the effects of the oral intervention events using a non-parametric sign test based on different evaluation criteria. This effectiveness was observed on the exchange rate level and volatility in the official currency market. Whereas, an interesting aspect of the thesis is that we also examined the affects of these oral inetrvention events on the exchange rate of the parallele currency market. The aforementioned approach was used to examined the affects of the oral intervention on the parallel market premium, rate and volatility. The thesis also investigated the de facto exchange rate regime of Pakistan. We used the "currency basket" and "exchange market pressure" framework to investigate the de facto exchange rate regime of the country. The impact of two different sets of currencies (i.e. regional and Middle Eastern) was also observed on the pakistani rupee. Finally, the Bai and Perron structural break model was applied to obtain the break points in the sample data. The results obtained indicate that the oral intervention remained effective for both the exchange rate level and volatility in the official currency market. Interestingly, these oral intervention efforts wrere also successful in influencing the parallel market premium and volatility in the desired direction. Regarding the exchange rate regime followed by the country, a gap was observed in the de jure (managed float) and de facto (dollar peg) exchange rate regime of the country for most part of the sample period covered
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17

Achy, Lahcen. "Exchange rate management and macroeconomic fundamentals: an empirical investigation." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211605.

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18

Wan, Liping. "Output’s Response to Change in Exchange Rate: Empirical Evidence from China." Thesis, KTH, Samhällsekonomi, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-98983.

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19

Sow, Moussé Ndoye. "Essays on Exchange Rate Regimes and Fiscal Policy." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CLF10479/document.

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Cette thèse s’intéresse d’une part aux effets macroéconomiques des régimes de change, et d’autre part, aux récentes évolutions sur la politique budgétaire et la décentralisation. La partie I met essentiellement l’accent sur l’interaction entre les régimes de change (RC) et la politique budgétaire, monétaire et fiscale. Tout d’abord, nous mettons en évidence que les RC peuvent avoir un effet stabilisateur sur la politique budgétaire (chapitre 1). Cependant, cet effet stabilisateur des RC n’est pas automatique mais dépendrait plutôt des conséquences d’une politique budgétaire laxiste. Le chapitre 2 s’intéresse quant à lui à la causalité entre RC et crises (bancaire/financière, de change et de dette) et remet en cause la vision bipolaire qui prétendait que les RC intermédiaires sont plus vulnérables aux crises que les solutions en coin (RC fixes/flexibles). Il ressort de notre analyse que les fondamentaux macroéconomiques (la volatilité du crédit au secteur privé, le financement du déficit, et le ratio dette sur PIB) jouent un rôle considérable. Le chapitre 3 met en évidence un lien entre les RC et la politique fiscale. Les pays à RC fixes montrent une plus grande dépendance aux recettes domestiques –telles que la TVA-, comparativement aux pays en change intermédiaires/flexibles pour compenser les pertes de recettes de seigneuriage (effet de substitution). De plus, ces pays avec RC fixes collectent plus de recettes domestiques en compensation de la perte de recettes douanières, suite à la libéralisation commerciale (effet de compétitivité). Dans les trois derniers chapitres (partie II), nous mettons le focus sur la politique budgétaire et les effets de la décentralisation. Le chapitre 4 révèle une relation non-linéaire entre la politique budgétaire et le cycle économique, qui dépend du niveau de la dette publique. Lorsque celle-ci dépasse un certain seuil (87%), la politique budgétaire perd toute propriété contra-cyclique. Nous montrons par ailleurs que l’effet disciplinaire ex-ante des règles budgétaires aide à restaurer la contra-cyclicité de la politique budgétaire. A travers le chapitre 5, nous montrons que la décentralisation budgétaire, dans un cadre politico-institutionnel sein et dépourvu de corruption, améliore l’offre de biens et services publics. Le chapitre 6 conclut que la décentralisation impacte positivement le solde structurel. Cependant une asymétrie entre la décentralisation des dépenses et celle des recettes accroit la dépendance des gouvernements locaux vis-à-vis du gouvernement central en termes de transferts, et amoindrirait considérablement à l’effet positif de la décentralisation
This thesis explored, in two parts, the macroeconomic impacts of exchange rate regimes (ERR), as well as the recent developments in fiscal policy and fiscal decentralization. Part I has reconsidered the role of ERR and its interplay with fiscal, monetary and tax policy. The first result that emerges (Chapter 1) is that fixed ERR can serve as a credible policy tool for stabilizing fiscal policy. However, this stabilizing effect is conditional upon the inter-temporal distribution of the costs of loose fiscal policy. In assessing the linkage between ERR and crises (banking/financial, currency and debt), Chapter 2 evidenced that the bipolar view is no longer valid, and that, crisis proneness rather depends on the macroeconomic fundamentals (the volatility of private sector credit, the deficit-financing mechanism, and the debt-to-GDP ratio). In Chapter 3, we unveiled a strong relationship between ERR and tax policy. Countries with pegged regimes have greater reliance on domestic taxation -such as the VAT- to make up for the loss of seigniorage revenue (substitution effect). Moreover, peggers tend to collect more VAT revenue to offset the shortfall in cross border taxes following the trade liberalization reform (competitiveness effect). Part II discussed the cyclical response of fiscal policy in high debt periods, and focused on fiscal decentralization issues. In Chapter 4, we showed that the reaction of fiscal policy to the business cycle is non-linear and conditional to the level of public debt. When the debt-to-GDP ratio goes beyond a certain threshold (87%), fiscal policy loses its counter-cyclical properties. Further, we highlighted that carefully-designed fiscal rules help maintaining counter-cyclicality through an ex ante disciplinary effect. Chapters 5 and 6 analyzed the impact of fiscal decentralization on the efficiency of public service delivery and fiscal policy performance, respectively. Chapter 5 revealed that a sufficient level of expenditure decentralization, coupled with revenue decentralization, improves the efficiency of public service delivery. However, the political and institutional environment is critical for reaping decentralization-led benefits. Lastly, Chapter 6 concluded that fiscal decentralization has destabilizing effect by reducing the counter-cyclicality of fiscal policy. In addition, we found that decentralization strengthens the structural fiscal balance; however, vertical fiscal imbalances reduce the benefits of decentralization. It is therefore critical to limit asymmetries between expenditure and revenue decentralization, so as to reduce the transfer-dependency of local governments to the central level, and thus prevent decentralization from weakening the fiscal stance at the general government level
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20

De, Achàval Muñoz Fabiàn. "Essays on exchange rate policy, macroeconomic volatility and inequality in Latin America." Thesis, Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009EVRY0005.

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Cette thèse est consacrée à l’étude des politiques de change, la volatilité macroéconomique et l’inégalité en Amérique Latine. Reconnue comme une région avec une grande tendance à souffrir des crises monétaires, l’Amérique Latine est aussi extrêmement volatile et la région la plus inégale au monde. D’autre part, et peut être comme conséquence des aspects déjà signalés, ces économies montrent des forts imperfections du marché. Cette recherche prend en compte ces facteurs pour essayer de déterminer s’il existe une rationnelle pour l’intervention des gouvernements dans l’économie, soit pour assurer l’optimalité économique, soit pour des considérations sociales. Cette thèse est divisée en deux parties. La première partie se centre dans la politique monétaire optimale aux pays émergents, en considérant deux caractéristiques majeures de ces économies : le mismatch monétaire et le pass-through du taux de change élevé. Le premier chapitre analyse les bases théoriques du "fear of floating", phénomène qui a été considéré comme caractéristique aux régimes de change des économies Latino-Américaines. On montre que la littérature existante a identifié les circonstances sous lesquelles la politique monétaire optimale limite la volatilité des taux de change. Le deuxième chapitre étudie l’arbitrage auquel font face les économies émergentes en base au pass-through du taux de change et au marché du travail non-walrasien. Tout cela, du point de vue de la politique monétaire optimale. La deuxième partie analyse les effets de la volatilité macroéconomique sur l’inégalité. Le troisième chapitre fait une revue de la littérature existante, tant de manière théorique comme empirique. Finalement, le quatrième chapitre observe le rôle du secteur informel dans un modèle de trois agents, pour essayer d’arriver à une conclusion sur les liens entre volatilité et inégalité. On montre que cette nouvelle voie peut arriver à défier l’opinion communément admise et que les pauvres ne sont pas toujours les plus affectés par la volatilité
This thesis is a collection of four essays on exchange rate policies, macroeconomic volatility and inequality in Latin America. Known to be a currency crises-prone region, Latin America is also highly volatile and the most unequal region of the world. On the other hand, and perhaps as a consequence of the above, these economies exhibit strong market failures. My research takes into account these factors in order to determine if there is a rationale for the intervention of the government in the economy be it for the sake of economic optimality or for social considerations. This research is divided in two parts. The first part focuses on optimal monetary policy in emerging markets in the light of two main economic characteristics of these economies: the currency mismatch and a high inflation pass-through. The first chapter addresses the theoretical foundations of the "fear of floating" which has been observed to characterize Latin American economies’ exchange rate regimes. We show that the literature has identified circumstances under which optimal monetary policy limits exchange rate volatility. The second chapter assesses the trade-off faced by developing economies in the light of exchange rate pass-through and a non-Walrasian labor market from an optimal monetary policy perspective. The second part analyses the effects of macroeconomic volatility on inequality. The third charter reviews the literature both theoretically and empirically. Finally, the fourth chapter examines in a three-agents model the role on the informal sector to explain the link between volatility and inequality. We show that this new channel may challenge the conventional wisdom and that the poor are not necessarily worst-off
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21

Al, Hajj Fadia. "Monetary policies and exchange rate regimes in Sub-Saharan Africa." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0233.

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L'objectif principal des autorités en Afrique subsaharienne est de créer une croissance durable en raison des récents ralentissements de la croissance. Une croissance durable pourrait être réalisée en réhabilitant les vulnérabilités internes et externes afin d'éviter les perturbations macroéconomiques. En Afrique subsaharienne, les vulnérabilités internes proviennent de la mauvaise gouvernance, des choix inefficaces des politiques économiques et d'autres facteurs tels que les guerres civiles. Leurs vulnérabilités externes sont liées à leurs forte dette et dépendance commerciale. Par conséquent, cette thèse se concentre sur l'atténuation des deux vulnérabilités. Le premier chapitre propose une comparaison de la résilience de deux politiques monétaires à plusieurs types de chocs. On considère le ciblage de l'inflation au Ghana et en Afrique du Sud et la caisse d'émission dans l'UEMOA tout en simulant des chocs sur le modèle FPAS. Le deuxième chapitre se concentre sur l'objectif de la résolution des vulnérabilités externes. On propose une stratégie d'ancrage du régime de change nominal et réel pour stabiliser le coût de la dette et promouvoir la compétitivité commerciale. On résout un modèle d'équilibre général pour trouver ses principaux déterminants tout en sauvegardant nos résultats en utilisant les estimations SVAR et MS-VAR. Ainsi, le troisième chapitre résout les vulnérabilités internes. On teste le rôle d'une politique monétaire régie par la politique fiscal et l'existence d'un grand taux de change parallèle dans la propagation d'une inflation élevée et chronique, dans un contexte de désordre civil en estimant un SVAR et un VECM dans l'état fragile du Soudan
Sub-Saharan African policy makers’ main objective is to create sustainable growth as a result of the recent downturns of growth. Sustainable growth could be achieved by remediating both internal and external vulnerabilities to avoid macroeconomic disruption. In Sub-Saharan Africa, internal vulnerabilities arise from bad governance and institutions, inefficient choices of economic policies and other factors such as civil wars. As for external vulnerabilities, it is related to their balance of payment weaknesses due to their high debt and high trade dependency (high import to GDP level with low export diversification).Therefore, this thesis focus on alleviating both vulnerabilities.The first chapter proposes a comparison of two monetary policies’ resilience to several types of shocks. We consider inflation targeting in Ghana and South Africa and currency board in WAEMU countries while simulating shocks using FPAS model.The second chapter focuses on the objective of solving external vulnerabilities. We propose a policy-mix strategy where Sub-Saharan African countries undertake simultaneously a nominal and real anchor to stabilise the cost of debt and promote trade competitiveness. We propose a general equilibrium model to find its main determinants while backing up our findings using SVAR and MS-VAR estimations.The third chapter’s objective is solving internal vulnerabilities. We test simultaneous the role of a monetary policy governed by the fiscal policy and the existence of a large parallel exchange rate in propagating a high and chronic inflation, in a context of civil disorder. To do so we estimate an SVAR and a VECM model in a fragile state that is Sudan
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22

Vellem, Nomtha. "The impact of oil price changes on selected economic indicators in South Africa." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1017862.

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The study examines the effect of oil price changes on selected economic indicators in South Africa. A VAR-5 model was applied to quarterly data of 1990:Q1-2012:Q4 estimating the impulse response functions, variance decomposition and Granger-causality tests. The findings allow for a conclusion that oil significantly affects the exchange rate and an inverse link between oil and GDP exists. A unidirectional relation is found where oil Granger-causes the exchange rate and GDP Granger-causes oil in South Africa.
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23

Taylor, John James. "Continuity and change in government-media relations : a case study approach to the British experience with particular reference to the sterling devaluation of 1967 and Britain's withdrawal from the ERM in 1992." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.391048.

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24

Kim, Soon-Chul. "Foreign exchange rate change and selected U.S. import prices over 1989:1-2000:6 /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3012988.

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25

Ammar, Nasreddine, and Nasreddine Ammar. "Three essays on exchange rate pass-throughs and pricing to market." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/36913.

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Dans cette thèse, nous étudions comment les firmes ajustent leurs prix dans différents marchés pour répondre aux variations du taux de change (report de taux de change). En règle générale, l’incidence des mouvements de change sur les prix dépend des caractéristiques de chaque marché telles que la nature de la concurrence et l’élasticité de la demande. Le report de taux de change (RTC) et la tarification en fonction du marché sont analysés dans trois chapitres en utilisant les théories du commerce international et de l’organisation industrielle. Le RTC est complet lorsque les variations du taux de change sont pleinement transmises aux prix à l’exportation. Le RTC est incomplet lorsque les variations de change ne se répercutent pas intégralement sur les prix à l’exportation. Un RTC est pervers si le prix varie plus proportionnellement que le taux de change. Le premier chapitre examine la relation entre la durée de conservation des produits alimentaires et les RTC. Plusieurs produits agroalimentaires ont la caractéristique d’être vendus rapidement ou transformés en produits moins périssables, stockés et commercialisés dans des périodes ultérieures. Cette relation verticale entre produits frais et produits transformés a une incidence sur les RTC. Notre modèle prend en considération la capacité de traitement et de stockage. Nos résultats montrent que le degré de périssabilité du produit transformé diminue les RTC au prix des produits frais et transformés avant l’accumulation des stocks, et les augmente au cours de l’accumulation des stocks. Dans ce chapitre, nous constatons aussi une relation négative entre la persistance de l’appréciation du taux de change et l’accumulation des stocks. Nous y montrons également que des RTC pervers peuvent émerger à court terme si les coûts des intrants échangés couvrent une part significative des coûts totaux, même si les RTC à long terme sont toujours incomplets. Le deuxième chapitre analyse les RTC aux prix à l’exportation en présence de la production conjointe. Plusieurs produits agricoles partagent certains intrants et sont produits dans des proportions fixes (par exemple les épaules de porc et les reins de porc ou les pattes de poulet et la poitrine de poulet). Ainsi, l’augmentation de la production d’un produit s’accompagne d’une augmentation de la production d’autres produits. Il s’ensuit que le RTC au prix d’un produit est directement lié aux RTC aux autres produits joints. En conséquence, certains RTC peuvent être pervers, surtout lorsque les consommateurs du pays d’origine et des pays étrangers ont des préférences non identiques ou que les produits joints partagent des proportions d’intrants asymétriques. Aussi dans ce chapitre, nous montrons que le degré de substitution entre les produits renforce les RTC pervers. Enfin, nous montrons que les firmes ont tendance à faire des ajustements de prix plus petits quand il y a moins de produits conjoints. Le dernier chapitre généralise les fonctions de coût de production et de transformation du modèle du premier chapitre et suppose que les fonctions coûts peuvent prendre des formes non linéaires. Dépendamment du degré de convexité de ces fonctions, la technologie de production et de transformation peut être caractérisée par des économies ou déséconomies de taille. Les RTC aux prix à l’exportation sont souvent incomplets, mais des répercussions perverses peuvent découler de différentes hypothèses concernant les coûts marginaux de production et de transformation.
Dans cette thèse, nous étudions comment les firmes ajustent leurs prix dans différents marchés pour répondre aux variations du taux de change (report de taux de change). En règle générale, l’incidence des mouvements de change sur les prix dépend des caractéristiques de chaque marché telles que la nature de la concurrence et l’élasticité de la demande. Le report de taux de change (RTC) et la tarification en fonction du marché sont analysés dans trois chapitres en utilisant les théories du commerce international et de l’organisation industrielle. Le RTC est complet lorsque les variations du taux de change sont pleinement transmises aux prix à l’exportation. Le RTC est incomplet lorsque les variations de change ne se répercutent pas intégralement sur les prix à l’exportation. Un RTC est pervers si le prix varie plus proportionnellement que le taux de change. Le premier chapitre examine la relation entre la durée de conservation des produits alimentaires et les RTC. Plusieurs produits agroalimentaires ont la caractéristique d’être vendus rapidement ou transformés en produits moins périssables, stockés et commercialisés dans des périodes ultérieures. Cette relation verticale entre produits frais et produits transformés a une incidence sur les RTC. Notre modèle prend en considération la capacité de traitement et de stockage. Nos résultats montrent que le degré de périssabilité du produit transformé diminue les RTC au prix des produits frais et transformés avant l’accumulation des stocks, et les augmente au cours de l’accumulation des stocks. Dans ce chapitre, nous constatons aussi une relation négative entre la persistance de l’appréciation du taux de change et l’accumulation des stocks. Nous y montrons également que des RTC pervers peuvent émerger à court terme si les coûts des intrants échangés couvrent une part significative des coûts totaux, même si les RTC à long terme sont toujours incomplets. Le deuxième chapitre analyse les RTC aux prix à l’exportation en présence de la production conjointe. Plusieurs produits agricoles partagent certains intrants et sont produits dans des proportions fixes (par exemple les épaules de porc et les reins de porc ou les pattes de poulet et la poitrine de poulet). Ainsi, l’augmentation de la production d’un produit s’accompagne d’une augmentation de la production d’autres produits. Il s’ensuit que le RTC au prix d’un produit est directement lié aux RTC aux autres produits joints. En conséquence, certains RTC peuvent être pervers, surtout lorsque les consommateurs du pays d’origine et des pays étrangers ont des préférences non identiques ou que les produits joints partagent des proportions d’intrants asymétriques. Aussi dans ce chapitre, nous montrons que le degré de substitution entre les produits renforce les RTC pervers. Enfin, nous montrons que les firmes ont tendance à faire des ajustements de prix plus petits quand il y a moins de produits conjoints. Le dernier chapitre généralise les fonctions de coût de production et de transformation du modèle du premier chapitre et suppose que les fonctions coûts peuvent prendre des formes non linéaires. Dépendamment du degré de convexité de ces fonctions, la technologie de production et de transformation peut être caractérisée par des économies ou déséconomies de taille. Les RTC aux prix à l’exportation sont souvent incomplets, mais des répercussions perverses peuvent découler de différentes hypothèses concernant les coûts marginaux de production et de transformation.
This thesis outlines how firms adjust their prices in different markets in response to exchange rate variations (exchange rate pass-through). Generally, these price adjustments depend on each market’s characteristics such as the degree of competition, demand elasticities, and product characteristics (pricing to market). We investigate the exchange rate pass-through (ERPT) and pricing to market (PTM) in three chapters employing concepts from international trade theory and industrial-organization (I/O) approach. The ERPT is complete when the export price just offsets the variation in the exporting country’s currency. The ERPT is incomplete when the change in the exchange rate is not completely transmitted to the export price. The ERPT is perverse when the export price varies more proportionally than the exchange rate. In the first chapter, we examine the relationship between the shelf life of food products, the processing technology, and the ERPTs. Several food products have the characteristic of being sold quickly or being converted to less perishable products, stored and marketed in subsequent periods. Such coupling between fresh and processed products impacts on how their prices evolve in response to exchange rate shocks. Our model considers the capacity of processing and storage. Our results show that the rise in the perishability of the processed product decreases the short-run ERPTs for the fresh and processed product prices before the inventory accumulation and increases the short-run ERPTs during the inventory building. Moreover, we find a negative relationship between the persistence of the exchange rate appreciation and the inventory accumulation. We also show that perverse short-run ERPTs can emerge if the trade cost accounts for a significant proportion of the total costs even if the long-run pass-throughs are always incomplete. In the second chapter, we analyze the ERPTs for export prices in the presence of jointness in production. Several agricultural products share some inputs and are produced in fixed proportions (e.g., pork shoulders and pork loins or chicken legs and chicken breast). Thus, the increase in the production of one product is accompanied by increases in the production of other products. It follows that the ERPT of one product is directly linked to the ERPT of jointly produced products. As a result, some ERPTs may be perverse, especially when consumers in the home and foreign countries have non-identical heterogeneous preferences or the joint products are produced in asymmetric proportions. We also show that the degree of substitutability between products enhances the perverse ERPTs. Finally, we show that the firm tends to make smaller price adjustments when there are fewer joint products. In the last chapter, we develop a static version of the model developed that allows production and processing costs to take nonlinear forms. The latter lead to economies or diseconomies of scale depending on their convexity properties. The ERPTs of export prices are often incomplete but perverse ERPTs can be observed under different assumptions regarding marginal production and processing costs.
This thesis outlines how firms adjust their prices in different markets in response to exchange rate variations (exchange rate pass-through). Generally, these price adjustments depend on each market’s characteristics such as the degree of competition, demand elasticities, and product characteristics (pricing to market). We investigate the exchange rate pass-through (ERPT) and pricing to market (PTM) in three chapters employing concepts from international trade theory and industrial-organization (I/O) approach. The ERPT is complete when the export price just offsets the variation in the exporting country’s currency. The ERPT is incomplete when the change in the exchange rate is not completely transmitted to the export price. The ERPT is perverse when the export price varies more proportionally than the exchange rate. In the first chapter, we examine the relationship between the shelf life of food products, the processing technology, and the ERPTs. Several food products have the characteristic of being sold quickly or being converted to less perishable products, stored and marketed in subsequent periods. Such coupling between fresh and processed products impacts on how their prices evolve in response to exchange rate shocks. Our model considers the capacity of processing and storage. Our results show that the rise in the perishability of the processed product decreases the short-run ERPTs for the fresh and processed product prices before the inventory accumulation and increases the short-run ERPTs during the inventory building. Moreover, we find a negative relationship between the persistence of the exchange rate appreciation and the inventory accumulation. We also show that perverse short-run ERPTs can emerge if the trade cost accounts for a significant proportion of the total costs even if the long-run pass-throughs are always incomplete. In the second chapter, we analyze the ERPTs for export prices in the presence of jointness in production. Several agricultural products share some inputs and are produced in fixed proportions (e.g., pork shoulders and pork loins or chicken legs and chicken breast). Thus, the increase in the production of one product is accompanied by increases in the production of other products. It follows that the ERPT of one product is directly linked to the ERPT of jointly produced products. As a result, some ERPTs may be perverse, especially when consumers in the home and foreign countries have non-identical heterogeneous preferences or the joint products are produced in asymmetric proportions. We also show that the degree of substitutability between products enhances the perverse ERPTs. Finally, we show that the firm tends to make smaller price adjustments when there are fewer joint products. In the last chapter, we develop a static version of the model developed that allows production and processing costs to take nonlinear forms. The latter lead to economies or diseconomies of scale depending on their convexity properties. The ERPTs of export prices are often incomplete but perverse ERPTs can be observed under different assumptions regarding marginal production and processing costs.
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26

El, Bejaoui Hayet jihene. "Essays on exchange rate pass-through : the role of asymmetries and trade globalisation." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCD025/document.

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Cette thèse explore la transmission des variations du taux de change sur les prix d’exportation et d’importation à un niveau agrégé et désagrégé pour quatre pays développés. Nous utilisons plusieurs méthodes économétriques récentes afin de fournir des mesures robustes sur la transmission du taux change. Notre recherche soutient la présence d’asymétrie dans la transmission des variations du taux de change sur les prix. En outre, nous constatons que le coefficient de transmission est plus élevé lorsqu’on tient compte de cette asymétrie. Par conséquent, la non prise en compte de ces asymétries, si elles existent, pourrait conduire à des résultats trompeurs. Ce résultat a d’importantes implications sur les politiques monétaires. En effet, les décideurs devront faire face à un dilemme lorsqu'ils doivent choisir entre la stabilité des prix et la compétitivité-prix à l'exportation. De plus, dans cette recherche, nous testons si le degré d’ouverture affecte le degré de report du taux de change. Les résultats montrent, que dans la plupart des cas, il n'y a pas de rôle significatif pour le degré d'ouverture
This thesis explores the transmission of exchange rate movements into export and import prices at both the aggregate and the disaggregate level for four advanced countries. We use several up-to-date econometric methods in order to provide robust measures of exchange rate pass-through. The main finding of our research is to provide clear support for the presence of asymmetry in the exchange rate pass-through, i.e. the fact that appreciations and depreciations are pass through prices in a different magnitude. Moreover, we find that, in many cases, the pass-through coefficient is higher when we take into account this asymmetry. Therefore not taking into account potential asymmetries may lead to wrong results in the ERPT estimation. This finding has several important implications for monetary policy. Indeed, policy-makers will face a dilemma as they try to pursue price stability and export competitiveness. Moreover, our research also studies whether the degree of trade openness affects the exchange rate pass-through. The results in this case show that there is no significant role for the degree of trade openness for most cases
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27

Andreou, Irene. "Exchange rate regimes and crises : insights for developing and emerging market economies." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LYO22016.

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L’objectif de ce travail est d’analyser les implications du choix de régime de change dans les pays émergents et en développement, ainsi que d’apporter des éclaircissements sur les facteurs jouant un rôle important dans le déclenchement des crises (de change, bancaires, financières…) dans ces pays. Pour cela, l’analyse se tourne, dans un premier temps, vers la question du choix de régime de change optimal. Cette partie du travail s’appuie principalement sur un grand nombre de travaux théoriques et empiriques traitant de cette question, pour mettre en lumière les implications de ce choix, tout en tenant compte des particularités du groupe de pays qui font l’objet de cette étude. Dans une deuxième partie nous nous intéressons aux crises et les facteurs qui jouent un rôle majeur dans leur incidence. Ainsi, après une revue des différents modèles de crises afin d’identifier les variables d’intérêt, nous construisons deux modèles de prédiction des crises, ou « d’alarme précoce ». Enfin, la troisième partie du travail rassemble les enseignements tirés des deux parties précédentes pour traiter d’une question qui prend une ampleur croissante dans ces pays : étant donné la logique d’intégration financière mondiale et les avantages présentés par un régime de changes flottants dans un tel contexte, de quelle manière un pays envisageant un sortie vers ce régime de change peut-il la planifier, et à quel moment doit-il l’entreprendre, pour réussir une sortie sans crise majeure, que nous qualifions de sortie « ordonnée » ? Pour répondre à cette question, nous nous appuyons sur des expériences passées qui nous permettent de construire un modèle identifiant les variables susceptibles d’accroître la probabilité d’une sortie ordonnée. Nous complétons ce modèle par quelques considérations supplémentaires qui constituent des conditions importantes à la réussite d’une sortie ordonnée. L’objectif est d’apporter des recommandations susceptibles de faciliter cette transition
The aim of this work is to analyze the implications of exchange rate regime choice in developing and emerging market economies, as well as highlight the factors that play a major role in the incidence of crises (currency, banking, financial…) in these countries. With this aim in mind, we start our analysis by turning to the question of the choice of the optimal exchange rate regime. This part of our work draws on a large number of both theoretical and empirical works evoking this question in order to determine the implications of this choice, all the while keeping in mind the fact that this particular group of countries present certain characteristics that are usually absent in their industrial counterparts. The second part of our work concentrates more specifically on crises and the factors that play a major role in their occurrence. Therefore, following a brief overview of different crisis models in order to identify the variables of interest, we propose two models for crisis prediction, or “Early Warning Systems”. Finally, the third and final part of our work brings together the conclusions of the earlier parts in order to address an issue that is becoming increasingly important in developing and emerging market economies: given their greater integration in international financial and capital markets, as well as the incontestable advantages of a floating exchange rate regime in such a context, how can a country wishing to exit to a more flexible exchange rate arrangement undertake such a transition, and when, in order to achieve an “orderly” exit, that is, an exit that is not accompanied by a crisis? To answer this question we draw on past experiences to construct a model indentifying the economic variables that might increase the probability of an orderly exit. We complete this model with a number of additional considerations that have recently emerged as important preconditions for an orderly exit, in order to provide some useful policy recommendations facilitating this transition
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28

Androsjuk, Anna. "Cizí měny v účetnictví podnikatelů a neziskových organizací." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2007. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-4096.

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The diploma defines the term of entrepreneur and non-profit organisation. It presents legislative of accounting of foreign currencies of these accounting entities and then shows differences between accounting of foreign currencies at entrepreneur and non-profit organisation in practical examples. The diploma describes international regulation of changes in exchange rates (IAS 21) and compares it with present legislative in the Czech Republic.
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29

Diallo, Ibrahima Amadou. "Exchange rates policy and productivity." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013CLF10405/document.

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Cette thèse étudie comment le taux de change effectif réel (TCER) et ses mesures associées (volatilité du TCER et désalignement du TCER) affectent la croissance de la productivité totale des facteurs (CPTF). Elle analyse également les canaux par lesquels le TCER et ses mesures associées agissent sur la productivité totale des facteurs (PTF). La première partie étudie comment le TCER lui-Même, d'une part, et la volatilité du TCER, d'autre part, influencent la productivité. Une analyse du lien entre le niveau du TCER et la PTF dans le chapitre 1 indique qu'une appréciation de taux de change cause une augmentation de la PTF. Mais cet impact est également non- inéaire: en-Dessous du seuil, le TCER influence négativement la productivité tandis qu'au-Dessus du seuil il agit positivement. Les résultats du chapitre 2 illustrent que la volatilité du TCER affecte négativement la CPTF. Nous avons également constaté que la volatilité du TCER agit sur PTF selon le niveau du développement financier. Pour les pays modérément financièrement développés, la volatilité du TCER réagit négativement sur la productivité et n'a aucun effet sur la productivité pour les niveaux très bas et très élevés du développement financier. La deuxième partie examine les canaux par lesquels le TCER et ses mesures associées influencent la productivité. Les résultats du chapitre 3 illustrent que la volatilité du TCER a un impact négatif élevé sur l'investissement. Ces résultats sont robustes dans les pays à faible revenu et les pays à revenu moyens, et en employant une mesure alternative de volatilité du TCER. Le chapitre 4 montre que le désalignement du taux de change réel et la volatilité du taux de change réel affectent négativement les exportations. Il démontre également que la volatilité du taux de change réel est plus nocive aux exportations que le désalignement. Ces résultats sont corroborés par des résultats sur des sous-Échantillons de pays à bas revenu et à revenu moyen
This dissertation investigates how the real effective exchange rate (REER) and its associated asurements (REER volatility and REER misalignment) affect total factor productivity growth (TFPG). It also analyzes the channels through which the REER and its associated measurements act on total factor productivity (TFP). The first part studies how the REER itself, on the one hand, and the REER volatility, on the other hand, influence productivity. An analysis of the link between the level of REER and TFP in chapter 1 reveals that an exchange rate appreciation causes an increase of TFP. But this impact is also nonlinear: below the threshold, real exchange rate influences negatively productivity while above the threshold it acts positively. The results of chapter 2 illustrate that REER volatility affects negatively TFPG. We also found that REER volatility acts on TFP according to the level of financial development. For moderately financially developed countries, REER volatility reacts negatively on productivity and has no effect on productivity for very low and very high levels of financial development. The second part examines the channels through which the REER and its associated measurements influence productivity. The results of chapter 3 illustrate that the exchange rate volatility has a strong negative impact on investment. This outcome is robust in low income and middle income countries, and by using an alternative measurement of exchange rate volatility. Chapter 4 show that both real exchange rate misalignment and real exchange rate volatility affect negatively exports. It also demonstrates that real exchange rate volatility is more harmful to exports than misalignment. These outcomes are corroborated by estimations on subsamples of Low- ncome and Middle-Income countries
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30

Werchiniski, Lauren. "The importance of market risk disclosure as related to the interest rates, changes In foreign currency exchange rates, changes in commodity prices, and changes in equity prices /." Access full text, 2004. http://library.wagner.edu/theses/business/2004/thesis_bus_2004_werch_impor.pdf.

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31

Essam, Selim Hoda. "Inflation targeting and exchange rate regimes in a small open economy : an empirical assessment for Egypt." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011IEPP0058.

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Le ciblage d’inflation (CI) a connu ses débuts dans les années 1990s. Sa théorie, apparue plus tard, admet que la politique monétaire réagisse aux fluctuations de change, à condition que ces fluctuations aient une influence sur la cible d’inflation. Pourtant, cette conclusion ne paraît pas bien adaptée aux économies émergentes (EMEs) dont pratique s’est écartée de ce modèle traditionnel, notamment en ce qui concerne la gestion du taux de change. L’objectif de cette thèse est donc de revoir le rôle du taux de change dans un régime de CI dans les EMEs. Prenant l’Egypte comme étude de cas, le but est d’évaluer si le taux de change pose une contrainte à la mise en place du CI et si oui pour quelles raisons. Deux facteurs qui pourraient justifier une gestion du taux de change sont examinés empiriquement: les désalignements du taux de change et l’impact de ses variations (le pass-through) sur l’inflation. D’autres questions abordées portent sur le rôle des interventions stérilisées avec des taux de change flexibles, le phénomène de la “peur du flottement”, l’estimation des régimes de change de facto et l’usage des règles monétaires pour gérer le taux de change. Cette recherche démontre que la Banque Centrale d’Egypte continue à intervenir (à la fois par les réserves de change et les taux d’intérêt) pour limiter les variations du taux de change même après l’abandon de la cible de change en 2003. Ce comportement est justifiable car les désalignements du taux de change sont persistants et le pass-through à l’inflation de l’IPC est élevé et croissant
Inflation targeting (IT) was introduced in the early 1990s. IT theory, emerged years later, and allows a response to the exchange rate, only insofar as the latter affects the inflation forecast. However, this conclusion does not seem well-adapted to EMEs who departed from the conventional IT regime by giving a large place to the exchange rate. The objective of this thesis is to revisit the role of the exchange rate under IT in EMEs. In the case of Egypt, the aim is to study whether the exchange rate would constrain IT implementation and why. In particular, the thesis empirically explores nominal exchange misalignments and exchange rate pass-through to inflation as possible rationales for exchange rate management. Additional issues are explored like the scope of sterilized intervention under floating regimes, “fear of floating” and estimating de facto exchange rate regimes. The results show that the Central Bank of Egypt continues to limit exchange changes, despite abandoning the exchange rate target in 2003. This is because nominal exchange rate misalignments tend to be persistent and the exchange rate pass-through to CPI inflation is large and increasing. This should not be an obstacle to IT since exchange rate management would be the means to low inflation. In due time, reforms and credibility gains should lead to a low inflationary environment, improve the workings of the flexible exchange rate regime and be conducive to less erratic exchange rate fluctuations with adverse domestic repercussions
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32

Meddah, Hayette. "On the choice of exchange rate regimes : the case of primary commodity exporting countries." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LYO22019.

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La première partie de la thèse se compose d'une recherche empirique visant à examiner si les producteurs de produits primaires s'adaptent mieux après un choc d'offre sous un régime de taux de change flottant. À l'aide d'un modèle VAR, j'ai trouvé que les régimes de taux de change flexible n'effectuent pas mieux à isoler l'économie des chocs externes. Par conséquent, la deuxième partie de la thèse vise à établir ou non si les régimes de taux de change fournissent certains avantages pour les pays exportateurs de produits primaires tels que le fait d'attirer les investissements directs a l'étranger. À l'aide de différentes estimations économétriques, les résultats montrent que les régimes de taux de change influencent les investissements directs à l'étranger et en particulier, les régimes de change fixes plutôt que les régimes plus flexibles
The first part of dissertation consists of an empirical research aiming at investigating whether primary commodity producers perform better after a real shock with floating exchange rate regimes. Using a VAR model I found that flexible exchange rate regimes do not perform better at insulating the output from external shocks. Therefore, the second part of the dissertation aims at establishing whether or not exchange rate regimes provide certain benefit for those countries such as attracting foreign direct investments. Using panel data estimation techniques, I found that exchange rate regimes matters in attracting FDI and in particular fixed regimes rather than flexible regimes
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33

Mokengoy, Mardochée Bopo. "Volatility transmission between the oil price, the exchange rate and the stock market index." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25856.

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Ce mémoire analyse la transmission de volatilité entre le prix du pétrole, le taux de change et l’indice boursier au Canada et aux États-Unis de 1999/01/04 à 2014/03/21. En utilisant un modèle MGARCH-BEKK, nos résultats montrent qu’au Canada, il existe une transmission bidirectionnelle de volatilité entre le taux de change $US/$CAD et l’indice boursier TSX, une transmission positive de l’indice boursier au prix du pétrole, ainsi qu’une transmission négative du taux de change au prix du pétrole. Les résultats suggèrent également que ces relations ne sont pas stables dans le temps. Pour les États-Unis, le modèle estimé ne satisfait pas la condition de stationnarité de la covariance pour la période totale et la sous période 1999/01/04 – 2002/10/08. C’est pourquoi nous considérons uniquement les résultats des sous périodes 2002/10/09 – 2008/05/30 et 2008/06/02 – 2014/03/21. Il ressort qu’il existe des transmissions de volatilité, mais que celles-ci ne sont pas stables dans le temps.
This thesis analyzes the transmission of volatility between oil prices, exchange rates and stock market indices in Canada and in the USA for the period 1999/01/04 – 2014/03/21. Using a multivariate GARCH – BEKK model, we find that in Canada, there is a bidirectional transmission of volatility between the exchange rate $US/$CAD and the stock market index TSX, a positive transmission from the stock market index to the oil price and a negative transmission from the exchange rate to the oil price. We find also that these relationships are not stable over time. For the USA, the model estimated does not satisfy the condition of covariance stationarity for the entire sample and the sub sample 1999/01/04 – 2002/10/08. So we consider only results for sub samples 2002/10/09 – 2008/05/30 and 2008/06/02 – 2014/03/21. Results show that there are transmissions of volatility, but here again, these relationships are not stable over time.
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Zeileis, Achim, Ajay Shah, and Ila Patnaik. "Testing, monitoring, and dating structural changes in maximum likelihood models." Department of Statistics and Mathematics, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2008. http://epub.wu.ac.at/1224/1/document.pdf.

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A unified toolbox for testing, monitoring, and dating structural changes is provided for likelihood-based regression models. In particular, least-squares methods for dating breakpoints are extended to maximum likelihood estimation. The usefulness of all techniques is illustrated by assessing the stability of de facto exchange rate regimes. The toolbox is used for investigating the Chinese exchange rate regime after China gave up on a fixed exchange rate to the US dollar in 2005 and tracking the evolution of the Indian exchange rate regime since 1993.
Series: Research Report Series / Department of Statistics and Mathematics
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35

Syrrakos, Dimitrios. "European monetary unification : progressive evolution or a discrete change? : an analysis of intra-European Union exchange rate linearities." Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.443309.

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36

Bourgeot, Rémi. "Currency Wars or Monetary Relics : The Global Monetary Regime in Light of Real Exchange Rate Misalignments." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019EHES0161.

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Depuis l'éclatement du système de Bretton Woods, de nombreux gouvernements et banques centrales sont restés attachés à l'objectif d'un taux de change nominal stable ou fort. Cette tendance, dans un contexte de libéralisation des capitaux et de mondialisation, s'est traduite par des épisodes prolongés, parfois graves, de déséquilibre du taux de change réel, caractérisé par d'importants déficits extérieurs. Le mouvement de convergence et d'unification monétaire dans la zone euro a été un exemple de cette vision de la stabilité monétaire, influencée par les codes de l'étalon-or classique. Les cas contraires de sous-évaluation d'origine politique dans le contexte de la mondialisation ont été largement commentés, notamment en ce qui concerne la Chine. Toutefois, de nombreuses économies émergentes ont elles aussi établi par le passé des références monétaires rigides, propices à une surévaluation réelle ou se sont félicitées de l'afflux massif de liquidités à l'échelle mondiale, considérées comme soutenant la « performance » de leur monnaie et stimulant la croissance pendant quelque temps. Dans le contexte de la mondialisation des flux de capitaux, l'objectif de stabilité nominale, que ce soit en Europe ou dans diverses économies émergentes, a entraîné une instabilité monétaire accrue. Cet environnement monétaire, qui se caractérise par l'accent mis sur les références nominales, des liquidités mondiales massives et l'activisme des banques centrales, est lié à une évolution de l'analyse économique et des politiques vers une version en mutation du monétarisme, maintenant sous sa forme expansionniste, face aux tendances déflationnistes. Après s'être concentrée sur la lutte contre l'inflation à ses débuts, le ciblage d’inflation monétariste a évolué ces dernières années vers l'assouplissement quantitatif et les taux négatifs.Cette thèse vise à caractériser le régime monétaire mondial en analysant des cas concrets de déséquilibre du taux de change réel et leurs conséquences sur les facteurs productifs réels, notamment en termes de coûts salariaux et de productivité, en Europe, au Japon et dans les grands pays émergents. Une interprétation du traitement politique des bulles d'actifs et des doctrines de gestion de crise, de plus en plus réduites aux outils monétaires, permet de tirer des conclusions supplémentaires sur les représentations économiques qui sous-tendent le système monétaire qui a émergé dans la foulée du monétarisme, suivant ses métamorphoses historiques
Many governments and central banks have remained committed, since the breakup of the Bretton Woods system, to the goal of a stable or strong nominal exchange rate. This tendency, in a context of capital liberalisation and globalisation, has resulted in extended—sometimes severe—episodes of real exchange rate misalignment, typified by large current account deficits. The movement of monetary convergence and unification in the Euro zone has been a case in point of this vision of monetary stability, informed by the codes of the classical gold standard. Opposite cases of politically-induced undervaluation in the context of globalisation have been widely commented, especially with regards to China. However, many emerging economies too have established rigid monetary references conducive to real overvaluation in the past or welcomed the massive influx of global carry-trade liquidities, seen as supporting the ‘performance’ of their currency and spurring growth for some time. In the context of globalised capital flows, the aim of nominal stability, whether in Europe or across various emerging economies, has resulted in increased monetary instability. This monetary environment, which is typified by the focus on nominal references, massive global liquidities, and central banks’ activism, is linked to a shift in economic analysis and policymaking towards a mutating version of monetarism, now in its expansionary form, in the face of deflationary trends. After focusing on combating inflation in its infancy, monetarist inflation-targeting has moved to QE, negative rates and forward guidance in recent years.This dissertation is aimed to characterise the global monetary regime by analysing concrete cases of real exchange rate misalignment and their consequences on real productive factors, especially in terms of labour costs and productivity, in Europe, Japan and large emerging economies. An interpretation of the political treatment of asset bubbles and crisis management stances, increasingly reduced to monetary tools, makes it possible to draw further conclusions as to the economic perceptions underpinning the monetary system which has emerged in the footsteps of monetarism, following its historical transformation
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37

Doan, Thi Hong Thinh. "Taux de chang réel et démographie." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM1086.

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Cette thèse a pour objectif de caractériser le comportement du taux de change réel d'équilibre, face à des chocs d'offre et de demande sur les fondamentaux. Les chapitres I et II mettent en évidence la relation qui lie la productivité au taux de change réel. Les résultats principaux sont les suivants : la croissance de la productivité ne provoque pas systématiquement d'appréciation réelle, contrairement à ce que prévoit l'analyse de BS. Les comportements d'épargne des ménages, la différence du taux de croissance de population, et le ratio entre les travailleurs qualifiés et les travailleurs non-qualifiés dans l'économie affectent la relation entre taux de change réel-productivité. Ces deux premiers chapitres proposent une explication aux déviations observées vis-à-vis de l'analyse Balassa-Samuelson dans la littérature. Le chapitre III décrit abondamment - théoriquement et empiriquement - la relation qui lie le taux de change réel et la démographie. Le cadre théorique nous permet de détecter l'impact du facteur démographique sur le taux de change réel. En même temps, les tests économétriques confirment l'existence d'une relation à long terme entre le facteur démographique et le taux de change réel. Finalement, les trois chapitres I, II, et III mettent en évidence deux déterminants significatifs du taux de change réel : le facteur démographique et la productivité. Le chapitre IV étudie la causalité entre trois variables: le taux de change réel, la productivité, et les facteurs démographiques. Les résultats montrent qu'il existe une forte causalité entre eux, avec un retour à long terme vers le taux de change réel et la productivité
The aim of this thesis is to characterise the behaviour of the real exchange rate, when it is confronted by shocks to the supply and demand of fundamentals. It disregards monetary phenomena, in order to focus on totally real factors.Chapters I and II of this thesis highlight the relationship between productivity and real exchange rate. The main results are as follows: productivity growth does not systematically produce real appreciation, contrary to the BS prediction. Household savings behaviour, population growth rate difference, and the ratio of qualified to unqualified workers in the economy affect the real exchange rate / productivity relationship. These first two chapters provide a response to the current literature concerning, in certain cases, the invalidity of the Balassa-Samuelson theory.Chapter III describes in considerable detail, both theoretically and empirically, the relationship between the real exchange rate and demographics. The theoretical framework makes it possible to detect the impact of demographics on the real exchange rate. The econometric tests confirm that a long-term relationship exists between demographics and the real exchange rate.Finally, the three chapters I, II and III reveal two significant determinants of the real exchange rate: demographics and productivity.Chapter IV studies the causality existing between three variables: the real exchange rate, productivity, and demographics. The results show that there is indeed a strong degree of causality between these variables, with a long-term return towards real exchange rate and productivity
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38

Le, Huy Chinh. "Monetary policy in the context of Vietnamese economy." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM2014.

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Cette thèse propose quatre contributions à l'étude de la politique monétaire dans le contexte de l'économie vietnamienne, depuis 1995-1996 jusqu’à maintenant.Le premier chapitre donne aperçu de l'économie vietnamienne et sa politique monétaire. Il s’agit d’un chapitre qui problématise les questions traitées économétriquement dans le reste de la thèse.Chapitre 2 montrent qu'il y a une relation à long terme entre le taux de change du marché noir et ses variables monétaires. Le taux de change officiel, l’écart de la masse monétaire et de taux d'intérêt intérieur ont des effets positifs significatifs sur le taux de change du marché noir tandis que la production intérieure réelle et le taux d'intérêt à l'étranger ont un impact négatif significatif sur cet indice. Chapitre 3 fournissent de fortes preuves relatives à la relation à long terme entre taux de change et ses fondamentaux monétaires relatifs. Bien que les signes des taux d'intérêt estimés soient ambigu, les coefficients estimés de la monnaie et du rendement sont compatibles avec toutes les variantes traditionnelles du modèle monétaire de la détermination du taux de change. Finalement, nous constatons que le pass-through du taux de change sur l'inflation est fort et rapide, et que le taux de change a un effet positif significatif sur l'inflation. La masse monétaire joue un rôle important dans la détermination de l'inflation alors que le taux d'intérêt ne semble pas avoir un impact significatif sur l'inflation. En outre, le prix du pétrole l’influence considérablement. Un choc de taux d’intérêts des États-Unis joue un rôle insignifiant dans l’explication de la variabilité des variables macroéconomiques domestiques
This dissertation proposes four contributions to the study of monetary policy in the context of Vietnamese economy from 1995-96 onwards. The first chapter provides an overview of Vietnamese economy and its monetary policy. It provides some issues that are resolved econometrically in the rest of the thesis.The second chapter investigates the black market exchange rate determination. We find that there is a long-run relationship between black market exchange rate and its relative monetary variables. Official exchange rate, money supply differential and domestic interest rate have significant positive effects on black market exchange rate while domestic real output and foreign interest rate have meaningful negative impact on black market exchange rate.The third chapter examines how well versions of monetary models explain the VND/U.S dollar exchange rate. Estimates provide strong evidences of long-run relationship between exchange rate and its relative monetary fundamentals. Although the signs of estimated interest rates are mixed, estimated coefficients of money and output are consistent with any traditional variant of monetary model of exchange rate determination. Eventually, we find that the exchange rate pass-through to inflation is high and rapid, and exchange rate has a significant positive effect of exchange rate on inflation. Estimates also reveal that money supply plays a significant role in shaping inflation while interest rate does not seem to have a meaningful impact on inflation. In addition, oil price also has significant impact on inflation. U.S interest rate shock plays an insignificant role in explaining the variability of domestic macro variables
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39

Kim, Chung Dong. "Changes in industry selling prices of fourteen Canadian processed foods industries : effects of shifts in U.S.-Canadian exchange rates (1971-1984)." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/29977.

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This thesis studies fourteen Canadian processed food industries and their pricing behaviour. Pricing models for each industry for the period of 1971-1977 and 1978-1984 have been established. This study also tests wether changes in a pricing behaviour occurred in the middle of 1970s in which shifts in Canada-U.S. exchange rate occured. Food prices change for several reasons. The main reasons for changes in processed food prices are expected to be changes in input costs and demand factors. Input costs consist of material, labour, capital and fuel cost. Changes in demand side - import competition and excess demand - are are important factors. This study attepmts to establish, identify, and analyze pricing models by employing such variables for fourteen Canadian processed food industries at the wholesale level. Karikari (1988) has shown that the Canadian manufacturing industries changed their pricing behaviour as the U.S.-Canada exchange rate shifted in the middle of the 1970s. This study also tests if the changes (shift) in pricing behaviour of the food processing industries took place between two sub-periods: pre-depreciation of U.S.-Canada exchange rate (1971 to 1977), and post-depreciation of U.S.-Canada exchange rate (1977 to 1984). After analyzing the characteristics of the Canadian food processing industries and the distribution channel, three economic theories - which are considered to be appropropriate in reflecting the characteristics and the pricing behsviour - have been discussed. The Mark-up Pricing Theory is employed to explain the food processors' oligopolistic pricing behaviour. From the Mark-up Pricing Theory, relative changes in mark-up, material price, labour price, energy price, capital price, and productivity of each input are derived as independent variables in the pricing model while change in industrial selling price of processed foods is shown as a dependent variable. Excess demand and import competition are the main sources for the fluctuations in the mark-up factor. The Bilateral Monopoly Theory is applied to explain bargaining processes, from which prices of processed foods are determined, between processors and retailers. A shipment variable has been derived from the Bilateral Monopoly Theory as one of the substitutes for the mark-up variable. An International Trade Theory is discussed for the industries that face import competition. From this theory, it is concluded that import price would also influence Canadian food processors' markup. Also discussed is a theory on how the pricing behaviour would change in a situation in which shifts in exchange rates occur. Quarterly data in rate of changes form are used for the estimation of the pricing model. Lags are allowed for independent variables to proferly reflect the characteristics of food processors. First, assuming changes in pricing behaviour, the pricing model is regressed for each industry in each sub-period, respectively. Variables for each industry in each sub-period are selected. It seems that the finalized regression results indicate a possibility of changes in pricing behaviour. A statistical test incorporating dummy variables is used to check if the changes in pricing behaviour which occurred in the middle of 1977 are statistically significant. The results can be summarized as follows. Different variables and different lags fit for each industry in each sub-period. The material prices-in different lag forms - are the main factors that influence changes in the industry selling price. In some industries in a certain period, the material prices are not important at all; only the U.S. prices are shown as important factors. The wage - current or lagged - is an important variable in some industries (at least in one period). The shipment variables are important in most industries with a positive or a negative sign, indicating the food processors' monopolistic pricing behaviour is influenced or interupted by the foods retailers' behaviour. The U.S. price variable(s) is a significant factor in most industries. The statistical test indicates that most of the industries have experienced structural changes and/or model changes between the two periods, except poultry, sugar cane & beet, vegetable oil, brewery, and winery industries. This study, however, does not necessarily conclude that the Canadian processed foods industries' pricing behaviour was changed according to the Karikari's hypothesis.
Land and Food Systems, Faculty of
Graduate
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40

Dell'Eva, Cyril. "On the links between capital flows and monetary policies." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM2020/document.

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Cette thèse étudie deux grandes problématiques économiques étant étroitement liées. D’une part, il est question d’analyser à quelles conditions les taux de change présentent des relations de long terme communes. D’autre part, une analyse en profondeur concernant les investissements sur devises connus sous le terme anglais de « carry trades » est proposée. Le taux de change étant un des déterminants du rendement de ces investissements, le lien entre les deux problématiques apparaît clairement. Ces problématiques sont traitées à travers la mobilisation d’outils théoriques et empiriques. Ce travail aboutit à plusieurs conclusions. Concernant les mouvements communs de long terme entre les taux de change, ils dépendent du degré d’intégration des économies ainsi que de la similarité de leurs politiques monétaires. Concernant les investissements sur devises, cette thèse démontre que les banques centrales des petites économies ouvertes ont tout intérêt à fixer une cible d’inflation ainsi qu’une cible d’afflux de capitaux afin d’éviter l’effet déstabilisateur des « carry trades ». Cette politique sera efficace uniquement si la banque centrale est transparente concernant ses cibles de long terme. Pour finir, après la crise financière de 2008, la banque centrale Néo-Zélandaise a changé de comportement vis-à-vis des « carry trades » en provenance du Japon. En effet, après la crise, la banque centrale y a répondu de manière à stabiliser l’économie. Cependant, les investissements en provenance des Etats-Unis sont toujours déstabilisateurs pour l’économie Néo-Zélandaise, surtout lorsque les Etats-Unis utilisent une politique d’assouplissement quantitatif
This thesis investigates two main issues in economics. On the one hand, we investigate under which conditions cointegration between exchange rates is likely to appear. On the other hand, this thesis proposes to investigate how carry trades affect small open economies. Given that the exchange rate is a main determinant of carry trades’ returns, these two topics are obviously linked. These two issues are investigated both through theoretical and empirical tools. Concerning long run comovements between exchange rates, this thesis reveals that they depend on the degree of linkages between two economies and on the way central banks set their monetary policies. Concerning carry trades, this work sheds light on the fact that small open economies central banks should have both an inflation and a capital inflows target to suppress the destabilizing effect of carry trades. Moreover, such a policy would be efficient only if the central banks are transparent concerning their long run targets. Finally, in this thesis we show that the Reserve Bank of New Zealand (RBNZ) has changed its reaction to Japan-sourced carry trades after the 2008 global financial crisis (GFC). Indeed, after the GFC, the RBNZ responded in a stabilizing way to Japan-sourced carry trades. However, after the GFC, the RBNZ still responded in a destabilizing way to US-sourced carry trades. Our work also reveals that carry trades destabilize even more New-Zealand’s economy when the US are engaged in a quantitative easing policy
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41

Kato, Isamu. "Essays on regime changes in exchange rate markets." 2005. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/65198094.html.

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42

Ho, Kun-hsuan, and 何坤炫. "Information Asymmetry in the Foreign Exchange Market: Effect on Exchange Rate Changes." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/86069352716191201465.

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碩士
國立中央大學
財務金融研究所
100
So far,traditional literature were trying to find the relationship between macroeconomic variables and exchange rate, but it didn’t work anymore. Recent literature wanted to via the view of market microstructure to find the factor that affect exchange rate, such as Evans and Lyons (2002), they explained the changes in the mark / dollar exchange rate by order flow, R2 is 60%, so they thought the order flow implied the information about information based trading. After Evans and Lyons (2002), Breedon and Vitale (2010) divided the order flow into information based trading and portfolio balanced effect, the empirical results show that only portfolio balanced effect can affect exchange rate. For these inconsistent empirical results, this paper uses the two exchange rate:Euro-Dollar and Dollar-Yen which , and calculate the PIN (probability, of informed trade) and AdjPIN (adjusted PIN), to capture the phenomenon of information based trading. We select PIN, Adjpin, PSOS, Spread and order flow as our independent variables in OLS. Our empirical results show that order flow and AdjPIN are better proxy variable for information based trading but not for PIN.
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43

Fang, Kuan-ting, and 方冠婷. "Taiwan industries'' asymmetric exposures to foreign exchange rate changes." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/66582304903546764661.

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碩士
逢甲大學
國際貿易所
94
Taiwan is a small open economy and the exchange rate changes play an important role in the international trade. Therefore, the estimation of exchange rate exposure becomes an important issue. After entering WTO, Taiwan allowed foreign investors to invest in the local stock market freely. Although the inflow of foreign capital is helpful to the structure and the internationalization of domestic financial market, it will affect the domestic stock and exchange rate market at the same time. Previous studies mostly use the symmetric and linear models to estimate industries’ or firm’s exchange rate exposure and the results are almost insignificant. It’s the so-called “exposure puzzle”. Some scholars attempt to consider the asymmetric and lagged effects estimating exchange rate exposure. We investigate the asymmetric exchange rate exposure of 18 major Taiwan industries. The sample period is from 1995.01.01 to 2005.12.31. Our major results are as follows: (1) In the contemporaneous models, the exchange rate exposure is more significant estimated by the asymmetric models than the symmetric model. Consequently, if we ignore the asymmetric effect, the exchange rate exposure of Taiwan industries will be undervalued seriously. Hence we can infer that one possible reasons of the “exposure puzzle” is the estimating model. (2) Taiwan sectors have more significant asymmetric exchange rate exposures caused by the direction of exchange rate changes than the degree of exchange rate changes. In addition, the major reasons of asymmetric exposure are from the behaviors of asymmetric hedging and pricing to market. (3) When we use the asymmetric models to estimate exchange rate exposure, the exposure estimated by contemporaneous models is more significant than estimated by lagged models. But the situation on the symmetric models is just reverse. (4) When Taiwan stock market has a great inflow or outflow of international capital, Plastics, Electronics, Tourism, Wholesale & Retail, Rubber and Automobile have contemporaneous exchange rate exposure. In addition, Ele. Appliance & Cable, Transportation, Finance and Paper & Pulp have lagged exchange rate exposure.
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44

Chen, Ya-Chi, and 陳雅琪. "Exchange rate, macroeconomic variables, and structural changes: Evidences from Taiwan." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/s8sg47.

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碩士
國立中山大學
經濟學研究所
103
In this study, we use the time series models to explore the relationships between the exchange rate and other macroeconomic variables (interest rates, prices, export, and imports) in Taiwan. Our sample span from January 1990 to December 2013. The data is divided into three periods, pre-Asian financial crisis era, post-Asian financial crisis to pre-global financial crisis in 2008, and post-2008 global financial era. The results show that first, every macroeconomic indicator that is under investigation is I(1) sequence after first differencing. Second, the structure changes due to Asian financial crisis and 2008 global financial turmoil do occur. Third, Co-integration relationship exists among all the inspected macroeconomic variables. Fourth, In the context of error correction model , when using exchange rate as the dependent variable, the positive impact from E(-1) and the negative impact from R(-1). Fifth, In the context of impulse response function (IRF), when using exchange rate as the dependent variable, the positive impact from E and the negative impact from M. Sixth, In the context of Variance decomposition of forecast errors, the variables can be explained, the largest is exchange rate.
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45

Kao, Demi, and 高蓉蓉. "Exchange Rate Changes, Operating Income, and Stock Return: An Empirical Analysis." Thesis, 1997. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/88132593996094365712.

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46

Chiang, Lin-Hsuan, and 江林軒. "The Effect of Federal Funds Rate Changes on the Exchange Rate-Using an Event Study Approach." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/44054066979551791867.

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碩士
國立成功大學
財務金融研究所
96
This paper examines the effect of Federal funds rate changes on the exchange rates of five markets (Canada, Australia, Euro, Japan and the UK) during the period from 2000 to 2007 (36 changes in Fed funds rate are observed). Two different approaches, from Rai, Seth, and Mohanty (2007) and event study of Fama, Fisher, Jensen& Roll (1969), are used in our paper. The results are contrary to our hypothesis in first model and are consistent with our hypothesis when using event study. In addition, asymmetrical responses to rate decreases and increases are also found. The reaction to the rate increases is more significant than the rate decreases. Our paper can provide foreign central bank a message that should they adjust the discount rate in order to maintain the exchange rate stability when the U.S. of Fed funds rate changes.
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47

TSAI, LING-CHEN, and 蔡姈真. "Asymmetry Effects of Exchange Rate Changes on GDP:Evidence from Nonlinear ARDL model." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/fdg6t9.

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碩士
國立高雄應用科技大學
企業管理系
106
In traditional economic theory, the Keynesian school believes that currency devaluation will help improve the external conditions of the country. According to the increase in the output of trade finance, domestic exports will increase, imports will decline, and the devaluation expansion effect. In recent years, scholars used empirical research to raise doubts about the Keynesian school claim. Scholars believe that the devaluation policy will allow the price to readjust and that the price of imported raw materials will increase, the cost will increase, and the total supply will decrease, leading to the devaluation and contraction effects. This study will use a more rigorous empirical model- nonlinear ARDL model and more better measurement method to verify that 11 OECD countries are Canada, Denmark, France, Japan, Korea, New Zealand, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland, In the United Kingdom and the United States, the exchange rate changes in these countries have a long-term impact on GDP. The ARDL empirical results show that Denmark, Norway, and Sweden have long-term depreciation and contraction effects at the 5% significance level, France have long-term depreciation and expansion effects; To make the empirical results more diversified, including FM-OLS (N-FM-OLS) and ARDL (NARDL) for comparison, in the FM-OLS model, the US at 5% significance level has a long-term depreciation expansion effect. The long-term depreciation expansion effect of Korea in ARDL has no significant effect; in NARDL, at the 5% significance level, there have a long-term depreciation and contraction effect; N-FM-OLS has the effect of long-term depreciation and expansion. Japan has a long-term depreciation expansion effect in ARDL; FM-OLS has a long-term depreciation and contraction effect, and neither has a significant effect; in N-FM-OLS, 5% significance level shows there has a long-term depreciation expansion effect. Therefore, the depreciation expansion effect and depreciation contraction effect differ from country to country, and overall OECD 11 countries have apparent asymmetric effects.
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48

WU, MEI-HUA, and 吳美華. "A Research Study of Factors Affecting the Changes of Taiwan Exchange Rate." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/35941827416105611279.

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碩士
國立臺北大學
國際財務金融碩士在職專班
104
This study attempts to search determining factors affecting Taiwan exchange rate, and to identify different influential factors between pre and post financial Tsunami periods. The research data is collected from Jan. 2005 to Jul. 2015. Statistical analyses include Pearson correlation and multiple regression models. The empirical findings are summarized as follows: First, net export and total export show a significant positive effect on Taiwan exchange rate. Total import has a significant negative impact on Taiwan exchange rate. Second, CPI shows significant negative effect in all periods; while Interest rates and money supply show significant negative effect in post financial Tsunami period. Third, the British pound presents significant positive effect on Taiwan exchange rate in full sample; while the Japanese yen presents moderate significant positive impact in pre-financial Tsunami period, indicating the impact of Japanese yen on Taiwan exchange rate is declining in post financial Tsunami period.
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49

LU, CHI-CHUAN, and 呂季娟. "Regular and Extreme Dependence between US Exchange Rate and Gold Price Changes." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/08519313230850861977.

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碩士
大葉大學
管理學院碩士在職專班
104
This paper discusses the general correlation and extreme correlation between the fluctuation of US dollars and gold. Picking the US dollars index of Federal Reserve System and Gold dates of World Gold Council from Jan 1, 2001 to Jan 15, 2016, total is 3925 pieces of data. First, we uses unit root test, confirming variables are stationery time sequence data. If they are not stationary, we use logarithms to do first difference, making it stationary. Then we use Schwarz Criterion to get the most fit difference. Using VAR model, Granger causality test, we do related analysis.   The empirical research shows that when at general and extreme change, the rate of change between US dollars index and gold price presents negative correlation. As for the causality test part, when at general change, the US dollars index rate of change of prior period one-way affects present gold price rate of change. When at extreme change, only under four combinations (the gold price rises extremely and US dollars index rises extremely, the gold price declines extremely and US dollars index rises extremely, the gold price changes generally and US dollars index rises extremely, and the gold price changes generally and US dollars index declines extremely), showing that the US dollars index rate of change affects present gold price change of rate one-way. Besides, after considering extreme changing factors, there is extra effect.
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50

Hsu, Min-Hui, and 許敏惠. "Effect of Exchange Rate Changes on Exports:Empirical Analysis of Taiwan and South Korea." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/72080063218489106219.

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碩士
朝陽科技大學
財務金融系碩士班
98
This study from Taiwan and South Korea in the first quarter 1997 to third quarter 2009, the effect of exchange rate movements on exports. In Keynesian theory, currency devaluation on exports, good for importing negative. Using unit root test and cointegration test to analyze empirical results in the long term benefit of NT depreciation on exports, but no significant short-term effect. South Korea won a long-term empirical results show that the exchange rate and exports have a positive impact. And backward short-term is 3 quarter of the exchange rate have a negative impact. Therefore, empirical evidence from Taiwan and South Korea only under the currency depreciation in the long line with Keynesian theory. Short-term results show that Taiwan NT dollar depreciation, no significant effect on exports, so Taiwan should use the exchange rate to weaken the currency in a short period to boost the competitiveness of Chinese exports, the effect will be very limited, so use of currency depreciation to rescue the exports are not a panacea Taiwan''s industrial structure should be adjusted as soon as possible and carry out technical upgrading in order to strengthen competitiveness in real terms.
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