Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Changes on foundation constructions'

The goal of this thesis is a construction technological project of an apartment building in Ivančice. The work focuses on the graphic visualisation of earth and foundation works progress and consequently on the item budget and timetable for construction works. Technological regulation for earth and foundation works with the changes on foundation constructions, organization of the construction, construction site equipment plan, draft of the main machinery and mechanisms are also part of this work. Technical report, coordination layout with a description of transport options, schedule, and financial plan are also part of this thesis.

PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO<br>Construções de Paulo Santos apresenta a tese de que em sua obra de história - reflexo das formações em arquitetura e em história - estão implícitas duas intenções primordiais: estabelecer novo modo de escrever e de ensinar a história da arquitetura no Brasil e fundar uma historiografia brasileira da disciplina, vinculando o ensino da arquitetura ao seu projeto historiográfico. O fio condutor do processo de formação de Paulo Santos como historiador da arquitetura foi a docência na FNA/UB, pois, professor catedrático da cadeira Arquitetura no Brasil, consolidaria a articulação entre aqueles campos do conhecimento, estabelecendo, assim, o traço singular e marcante de sua trajetória profissional. O trabalho segue eixo temporal entre 1946 e 1985, referente à época de produção dos estudos históricos por ele realizado. O tema é tratado tendo em vista a formação de Paulo Santos como engenheiro-arquiteto e, mais tarde, como docente em sua relação com os contemporâneos; o texto analisa a estruturação de seu pensamento histórico a partir do diálogo com autores da historiografia brasileira e do estabelecimento de sua visão de historiador da arquitetura, fomentada pela interlocução com o arquiteto Lucio Costa.<br>Paulo Santos´ constructions presents the thesis in which his history works is based on - reflex of the formations in architecture and in history - are implicit two intentions: to settle a new way to write and to teach the history of architecture in Brazil and to found a brazilian historiography of the subject, linking the teaching of architecture to his historiography project. The conductor line of the formation process of Paulo Santos as an historician of architecture was teaching at FNA/UB, because, as the cathedratic professor of Arquitetura no Brasil subject, he would consolidate the articulation between those knowledge fields, creating, that way, a singular and a brilliant trace of his professional trajetory. This work follows the time line between 1946 and 1985, according to the time production of the historic studies made by him. The subject is treated pointed to the formation as an engineer-architect and, later, as a professor in his relation with the contemporaneous; the text analyzes the structuration of the historic thought based on the dialog with brazilian historiography´s authors and establishing the his vision of architecture historician, stimulated by the interlocution with the architect Lucio Costa.

Dissertation submitted in accordance with the requirements for the Master’s Degree in Education in the Department of Foundation of Education, Faculty of Education at the University of Zululand, 2019.<br>This study investigated the effects of curriculum changes on Mathematics teaching and learning in foundation phase, in Sibasa circuit, in Limpopo province. The study made use of a qualitative approach by means of interviews. Purposive sampling was utilised to select participants for this study. Results show that: policy makers failed to involve different stakeholders before introducing the new curriculum, the department did not regularly convenes workshops, seminars, and conferences and even continued trainings for Mathematics teachers; there is lack of teacher learner support materials that makes changes in curriculum and affects teaching and learning in a negative way.

La présente étude porte sur le regard réflexif que les Romains ont porté sur l’évolution de la pratique oratoire et sur les constructions historiographiques qu’ils ont pu élaborer pour en rendre compte. A travers le Brutus de Cicéron ainsi que Les Controverses et suasoires de Sénèque le père, nous étudions la constitution d’un objet historiographique singulier. Nous cherchons à mettre en évidence l’existence de plusieurs formes possibles d’écriture pour la construction d’une histoire de l’éloquence romaine. Le motif de la décadence constitue l’autre grand axe de notre travail. Nous abordons avant tout le thème du déclin en tant que révélateur des mentalités. Le rapport entre histoire de l’éloquence et politique constitue enfin le fil conducteur de notre travail. La construction d’une histoire de l’éloquence apparaît, en effet, liée de manière indissociable aux transformations politiques. Nous voulons donc mettre en évidence l’évolution historique du topos de la rhétorique décadente, qui revêt des formes diverses selon les auteurs. Le modèle d’interprétation politique ne s’impose définitivement que dans le Dialogue des orateurs de Tacite. La dégénérescence de l’art oratoire apparaît donc comme un domaine d’étude privilégié pour explorer la manière dont l’événement politique peut se traduire dans le champ culturel et voir comment l’histoire de l’éloquence intègre la notion de rupture<br>This dissertation deals with the Roman’s reflexive look upon the evolution of rhetorical practice and on the historiographical constructions they devised to account for it. Throughout Cicero’s Brutus as well as Seneca the Elder’s Controversiae and Suasoriae, I study how a peculiar historiographical object was formed. I intend to demonstrate that there were several possible ways to write a history of Roman rhetoric. The motif of decadence is my other main point. I primarily address the topic of decline as an indicator of mindsets. The relationship between politics and the history of rhetoric is the guiding thread of my thesis, for the construction of a history of rhetoric is inextricably mingled with political changes. I thus intend to evidence the historical evolution of the topos of decadent rhetoric, which takes on various shapes depending on the author. The political interpretation model only prevailed starting with Tacitus’Dialogus de Oratoribus. Degeneration of rhetoric therefore appears to be a major area of study to explore how political events translate into the cultural realm and how the history of rhetoric incorporates the concept of historic breaks

Jordens klimat varierar normalt över tid, men aldrig tidigare har klimatförändringarna varit så snabba och påtagliga. Stigande temperaturer, förhöjda havsnivåer och hotade ekosystem är till stor del en följd av människans miljöpåverkan som genom sitt utnyttjande av resurser och utsläpp bidrar till den utökade växthuseffekten. Alla berörs och samtliga måste ta sitt ansvar för att förhindra att detta fortskrider. Genom att förstå miljökonsekvenserna av sitt agerande kan bättre förutsättningar skapas för kommande generationer. Studier visar att byggbranschen står för nästan en tredjedel av de totala utsläppen av växthusgaser, men att det fortfarande finns kunskapsluckor kring var miljöpåverkan är som störst. Genom klimatavtal, branschöverskridande forum och verktyg i form av livscykelanalyser och miljövarudeklarationer kan kunskapen lyftas. Ett flertal lättillgängliga verktyg med generiska data har utvecklats för livscykelanalyser av byggnader, men för anläggningssektorn finns ännu inte helt anpassade verktyg. I nuläget väljs grundläggningsmetod mestadels utifrån den ekonomiska aspekten, vilket bidrar till att miljöaspekten inte får önskvärt utrymme. Denna studie är en fallstudie som söker svar på vilken grundläggningsmetod som lämpar sig bäst ur ett hållbart och ekonomiskt perspektiv i en specifik jordprofil av lera som är vanligt förekommande kring Uppsala. För att lyfta kunskapen kring miljöpåverkan, jämfördes fyra vanliga grundläggnings-metoder: inblandningspelare med Multicem och lättfyllnadsmetoderna; lättklinker, skumglas och cellplast. Utifrån sättningsberäkningar i jordprofilen kunde dimensioneringar utföras av materialåtgång för respektive metod. Dimensioneringen användes sedan för att utföra kostnadsuppskattningar och beräkningar av klimatpåverkan, i form av koldioxidekvivalenter, under produktframställning och transporter till den specifika platsen. Utöver detta undersöktes bedömningen av det kemiska innehållet genom två miljödatabaser, BASTA och SundaHus. Resultatet visade att skumglas har den lägsta totala klimatpåverkan, där ungefär hälften av koldioxid¬utsläppen kommer från produktionen och resterande del från transporter. Det tyder på att det geografiska läget för grundläggningen spelar en väsentlig roll för resultatet av klimatpåverkan. Skumglas erhåller bästa betyg i BASTA och SundaHus men har den högsta totalkostnaden av de jämförda alternativen i studien. Inblandningspelare med Multicem som bindemedel har den lägsta totalkostnaden och den näst lägsta klimatpåverkan. Genom intervjustudien konstaterades att val av grundläggningsmetod främst avgörs av kostnaden vilket innebär att Multicem förmodligen skulle väljas i första hand. Utifrån kemiskt innehåll är bedömningen däremot ofullständig, eftersom Multicem ännu inte finns deklarerad i SundaHus. Sammanfattningsvis beror valet av grundläggningsmetod på ett flertal faktorer där företag måste värdera vilken faktor som har högst prioritet.<br>The climate normally varies over time but never before has the climate change been so rapid and tangible. Rising temperatures, elevated sea levels and endangered ecosystems are consequences of human impact on the environment. The use of resources and emissions contributes to the increased impact on the greenhouse effect. Everyone is affected by the climate change and must take his or her responsibility to create better conditions for future generations by understanding the environmental consequences of his or her actions. Studies reveal that the construction industry accounts for almost one third of the total greenhouse gas emissions but there are still gaps in knowledge about the environ¬mental impact. The knowledge can increase through agreements on climate actions, industry-wide forums and tools such as life-cycle assessments and environmental product declarations. Several available tools with generic data have been developed for life-cycle assessments of buildings, but for the infrastructure sector the tools are still not fully developed. Today, the foundation method is mostly chosen based on the economical aspect, and the environmental aspect is not given priority. The aim of this case study is to investigate which foundation method is best suited from an environ-mentally sustainable and economical perspective in a specific soil profile of clay which is common around Uppsala. To raise awareness of environmental impact, four common foundation methods were compared: deep soil mixing with Multicem and light filling methods; expanded clay lightweight aggregate, foam glass and expanded polystyrene foam. Based on settlement calculations in the soil profile, dimensions could be made for consumption of material for each method. The consumption of material was used to make estimations of costs and calculations of climate effect, in terms of carbon dioxide equivalents, during production of the material and transport to the specific location. In addition, the assessment of the chemical content was examined through two environmental databases, BASTA and SundaHus. The result revealed that foam glass has the lowest total climate effect, where about half of the carbon dioxide emissions come from production and the remainder from transport. This indicates that the geographical location of the foundation is important for the result of the climate impact. Foam glass receives the best ratings in BASTA and SundaHus but has the highest total cost of the compared alternatives in the study. Deep soil mixing with Multicem as binder has the lowest total cost and the second lowest climate impact. Through the interview study, it was found that the choice of foundation method is mainly determined by the cost, which means that Multicem would probably be prefered. Based on chemical content the assessment is incomplete since Multicem has not been declared in SundaHus. In summary, the choice of foundation method depends on a number of factors in which companies must evaluate which factor has the highest priority.

Parmi l'ensemble des différentes parties composant une digue à talus maritime, la carapace représente l'élément clé de la stabilité de la structure. Elle se compose soit d'enrochements naturels soit de blocs artificiels en béton lorsque l'intensité de la houle requiert des poids d' éléments naturels que les carrières disponibles ne sont pas en mesure de fournir. Le developpement des blocs artificiels performants a fait l'objet de multiples travaux de la part de chercheurs du monde entier. Il s'agissait principalement de proposer des formes optimisées conduisant a une grande stabilité hydraulique autorisant par l a de faibles consommations de béton et donc des économies substantielles. L'objective principale de ces travaux de recherche est de mettre au point de nouveaux blocs artificiels de protection des digues a talus soumis a l'action des houles. Le travail contribuera à développer des méthodes d'optimisation des formes des blocs. Les enseignements recueillis à l'issue de la thèse doivent permettre de proposer des formes plus performances que celles aujourd'hui disponibles sur le marche. L'analyse de la performance de ce bloc sur modèle réduit nous apporte des résultats satisfaisants en termes de stabilité, malgré le franchissement restant à améliorer. Une étude approfondie, d'une part sur la cinématique de l' écoulement proche de la carapace et d'autre part les efforts subis par le bloc, nous permet de proposer une nouvelle formulation de la vitesse longitudinale liée au run-up. L'influence du caractère de l'onde (déferlement, claque) est déterminante pour les coêfficients hydrodynamiques.

La France possède un patrimoine très riche d'ouvrages d'art et de bâtiments fondés sur des pieux en bois. Les ponts construits sur la Loire, sur la Seine, le château de Chambord ou encore le Grand Palais à Paris en sont quelques exemples. Cependant, malgré un parc français important d'ouvrages bâtis sur des pieux en bois, le retour d'expérience sur la portance résiduelle et l'état de dégradation de leurs fondations est faible et non capitalisé. Les principaux objectifs de ce travail, qui s'intègre dans le projet Pieux Bois, sont d'une part, de définir une méthodologie d'analyse des fondations en bois des ouvrages visant à évaluer leur état de dégradation, et d'autre part, de proposer une méthode de dimensionnement des pieux en bois s'appuyant sur les caractéristiques pressiométriques des terrains. L'état de l'art réalisé dans le cadre de ce projet a permis d'identifier une centaine de ponts français construits sur des pieux en bois entre le Moyen-Âge et l'époque industrielle, principalement situés dans le lit des fleuves et de leurs affluents. Les désordres relevés sur ces ouvrages ainsi que les solutions de confortement mises en œuvre pour assurer leur pérennité ont été établis. La méthodologie d'analyse présentée dans un guide d'inspection des fondations en bois élaboré aux Pays-Bas a été validée lors de l'évaluation de l'état de dégradation des pieux de fondation d'un viaduc ferroviaire situé à proximité de Bordeaux. Les propriétés mécaniques de l'interface entre le sol (limon) et le bois ont été étudiées à partir d'une campagne d'essais en laboratoire à la boîte de cisaillement direct. Des essais de cisaillement d'interface avec le mortier et l'acier ont également été réalisés. L'influence de la rugosité des matériaux et de la teneur en eau du limon sur les propriétés de résistance d'interface a été examinée. Les essais de cisaillement en laboratoire ont été complétés par la réalisation de deux plots expérimentaux sur lesquels des pieux en bois ont été battus et chargés en compression. Les pieux ont été préalablement munis d'un système d'instrumentation accueillant un chapelet d'extensomètres amovibles. Les résultats de ces essais de chargement ont été intégrés dans une base de données d'essais de pieux en bois construite à partir de données publiées dans la littérature. La démarche mise en œuvre pour établir les règles pressiométriques présentées dans la nouvelle norme d'application nationale de l'Eurocode 7 a été reprise et modifiée. Les études statistiques menées à partir de cette base de données ont permis de proposer un modèle de calcul des résistances de pointe et de frottement des pieux en bois battus dans les argiles limons et les sables graves<br>Many buildings and bridges built on timber pile foundations still stand in France. The bridges on rivers “Loire” and “Seine”, the castle of Chambord, the “Grand Palais” in Paris are a few examples of French monuments founded on timber piles. However, despite a large number of buildings and bridges constructed in France, the feedback on the residual bearing capacity and the degradation of timber piles is scarce. The main objectives of this work, which is part of the “Pieux Bois” national research project, are, on the one hand, to define a methodology in order to analyze timber pile foundations degradation, and on the other hand, to propose a design method of timber piles based on the results obtained from pressuremeter tests. The state of the art made in the national project identified about one hundred French bridges built on timber piles between the Middle Ages and the industrial era. They are mainly located in basins of rivers. Pathologies were observed on bridges and reinforcement solutions were implemented in order to avoid any future problems. The methodology for the inspection of timber pile foundations given in the Dutch guide was applied to investigate the degradation of timber piles under an existing railway bridge near Bordeaux. Series of laboratory tests were carried out on soil (silt) and wood with a direct shear box. The mechanical properties of the interface were studied. Shear tests between mortar, steel and silt were also carried out. The influence of material roughness and silt moisture content on the shear strength properties of the interface was examined. In addition, timber piles were driven and loaded on two experimental sites. The timber piles were instrumented with removable extensometers. The results of these load tests were included in a database which contained timber piles loading test results published in literature. The approach adopted to establish the design method of deep foundation based on the results obtained from pressuremeter tests described in the new national standard for application of Eurocode 7 was modified. A new model of calculation of timber piles shaft and base resistance driven in clay silt and sand gravels was determined with statistical studies from this database

Anläggningsprojekt är idag allt fler på grund av att den infrastruktur som byggdes på mitten på 1900-talet inte längre uppfyller dagens ställda krav. I takt med att större entreprenader utförs idag, krävs även större resurser och bättre samspel mellan beställare och entreprenörer. Entreprenadsumman för ett betongbroprojekt är väldigt stark förknippat med mängden ÄTA–arbeten och avvikelser. ÄTA–arbeten kan gå i olika riktningar, till exempel från underentreprenör mot beställare och tvärtom. I denna studie ligger fokus på entreprenörens ÄTA–arbeten gentemot beställaren och avvikelser som uppstår i produktionen. Syftet med studien är att identifiera de vanligaste ÄTA–arbeten och avvikelser som förekommer i olika betongbroprojekt för att undersöka hur dessa påverkar entreprenadsumman samt hur de i framtiden skall hanteras av entreprenören så att de inte upprepas i kommande projekt. Till en början har en litteraturstudie gjorts för att öka kunskapen kring ämnet. Därefterhar en fallstudie utförts av fyra tidigare betongbroprojekt. Den centrala delen av fallstudien har varit en kvalitativ undersökning, med intervjuer samt en enkätundersökning. Det har hållits 10 intervjuer med olika platschefer, en jurist och en arbetschef, samtidigt har 55 tjänstemän från fallföretaget deltagit i enkätundersökningen. I den kvantitativa delen har en sammanställning gjorts av samtliga ÄTA–arbeten och avvikelser som uppstått i de betongbroprojekt som studerats. Därefter har de ÄTA–arbeten och avvikelser som upprepats i dessa betongbroprojekt identifierats. Studien visar att ÄTA–arbeten oftast uppstår på grund av brister i beställarens förfrågningsunderlag. Geotekniska undersökningar och tekniska lösningar föreskrivna av beställaren är det som vanligen föranleder ÄTA–arbeten. Även entreprenadformen är avgörande för mängd och typ av ÄTA–arbeten. I en utförandentreprenad är det mycket mer likställda ÄTA–arbeten och när det gäller en totalentreprenad är de vanligaste ÄTA–arbetena föreskrivna tilläggs- och ändringsarbeten. Det är sällan lönsamt med många ÄTA–arbeten i betongbroprojekten, däremot ökar det projektensomsättning vilket får ses som positiv. Avvikelser förekommer oftast på grund av dålig planering och kommunikation. Bristfälliga arbetsberedningar och missade kontroller är andra orsaker till att avvikelser förekommer. Det är oftast entreprenörens eget fel attdet uppstår avvikelser. Avvikelserna har då alltid en negativ inverkan på projektetsslutkostnad i och med att kostnaden inte läggs på entreprenadsumman, det vill säga att entreprenören avhjälper avvikelser på egen bekostnad. De vanligaste ÄTA–arbetena förekommer kring brokonstruktionens grundläggning,oftast på grund av att de geotekniska undersökningar som gjorts, har gjorts fel eller inte i tillräcklig omfattning. När det kommer till avvikelser är de vanligast i samband med armeringsarbeten och betonggjutningar. Dyrare avvikelser förekommer men inte i någon större utsträckning. Genom att lägga mer fokus på planering, kommunikation, involvering och upprätta bättre arbetsberedningar kan negativa effekter på entreprenadsumman på grund av ÄTA–arbeten och avvikelser undvikas.<br>Various plant projects are today more common because the infrastructure built in themid-1900s no longer meet today's set requirements. As major contracts are carried out today, greater resources and better interaction between client and contractor are also required. The contract sum for various concrete bridge projects is very strongly associated with the amount of contract changes and deviations. Contract changes can go between different entrepreneurs for example from a subcontractor against the clientand vice versa. In this study the focus is on contract changes from the main entrepreneur towards the client and deviations that occurs in the production. The purpose of the study is to identify the most common contract changes and deviations that occur in different concrete bridge projects to investigate how these affect the contract sum and how they should be handled by the entrepreneur in the future so that they are not repeated in upcoming projects. Initially a literature study has been done to increase knowledge about the subject. Then a case study has been carried out on four previous concrete bridge projects. The central part of the case study has been a qualitative investigation, where interviews have been held and a survey has been conducted. There have been 10 interviews with various site managers, a lawyer, and a supervisor, while 55 officials from the case company have participated in the survey. In the quantitative part, a compilation of contract changes and deviations that has occurred in the concrete bridge projects that was studied has been done. Then the contract changes and deviations that was repeated in all the studied concrete bridge projects has been identified. The study shows that contract changes occur most often because of deficiencies in the clients request documents. Geotechnical investigations and technical solutions prescribed by the client are what usually prompt contract changes. The contract form is also crucial for the amount and type of contract changes. In a contract that is based on AB 04 it is much more preserved contract changes and when it comes to a general contract based on ABT 06, the most common contract changes are prescribed alterations and additional works. It is rarely profitable with many contract changes in concrete bridge projects, yet it increases the revenue of the projects, which may be positive. Deviations occur most often due to poor planning and communication. Inadequate work preparations and missed controls are other reasons for the presence of deviations. It is usually the entrepreneur’s fault that there are a lot of deviations. Deviations always has a negative effect on the project’s final cost since the cost for it is not added to the contract sum, which means that the entrepreneur remedies deviations at their own expense. The most common contract changes occur around the groundwork of the bridge construction, usually because the geotechnical investigations carried out by the client, have been done wrong or not enough. When it comes to deviations the most common are in connection with reinforcement work and concrete castings. More expensive deviations occur but not to a greater extent. By focusing more on planning, communication, involvement and establishing better work preparations, negative effects on the contract sum due to contract changes and deviations can be avoided.

Thesis deals with problems of the soil-structure interaction. In the theoretical part is described the approach to mathematical modeling of structure-foundation-soil interaction. The subsoil models are further described in detail, including the models with piles (both static and dynamics models). In the next chapter there is described the dynamics theory of the systems with single or more degrees of freedom. There is also an analysis of propagation, reflection and refraction of mechanical one-dimensional waves (P-wave, S-wave) and spatial waves (P- wave, SV-wave, SH-wave) and waves in homogeneous half-space (R-wave L-wave). The numerical analysis is logically sorted from hand calculation of the parameter change influence on the modal characteristics to complex computational FEM model of the machine with a foundation on piles placed in the spatial block of soil. Numerical studies aim to determine the influence of the subsoil model on the modal characteristics and thus confirm the absolute necessity of the subsoil model in tasks of dynamics. The next goal is to determine the appropriate key parameters of the computational model: the size of finite element, suitable shape of subsoil model, suitable inclination of boundary condition and suitable boundary conditions. For creating of set of computational models was used language APDL in conjunction with ANSYS software interface. All used input files are listed in the Annex.

In this diploma thesis deals with execution of ground works, foundation constructions, steel and armored concrete monolithic framework of the sales and service center in Prague. Establishment of the building will be done on armored concrete basement feet, strips and basement plate. The building is desinged in part as a steel framework and in part as a armored concrete framework. The building technological project contains for the phases primarily time and financial plan of object, technology prescription, time schedule, budget, model of the building site accessories, model of the machines, check and test plan, safety plan.

Ce document propose une modélisation indirecte par sous-structuration des vibrations d'origine ferroviaire transmises aux bâtiments par le sol. La méthodologie globale est empruntée à la méthode des mobilités dans laquelle chaque sous-structure est caractérisée par sa mobilité. L'excitation est représentée par une force ponctuelle en surface du sol ou par une ligne de forces décorréllées. Elle est néanmoins calibrée sur des résultats expérimentaux. Une attention particulière a été portée à la caractérisation des comportements vibratoires des éléments du problème. La plupart des représentations de l'ensemble sol-fondations est effectuée à l'aide d'un code FEM-BEM en 2 et 2.5 dimensions. Le bâtiment est modélisé par différentes techniques : FEM, BEM, SEA et ondulatoire. Une approche probabiliste permet d'évaluer l'impact de la variabilité des sols environnent sur la mobilité des fondations. Les impédances stochastiques qui en découlent sont intégrées aux modèles de propagation. Leurs impacts sur les vibrations du bâtiment sont alors accessibles. La méthodologie permet d'obtenir les niveaux vibratoires des composantes du bâtiment

La conception des ouvrages en Génie Civil se fait habituellement de manière semi-probabiliste en employant des valeurs caractéristiques auxquelles sont associées des facteurs partiels de sécurité. Toutefois, de telles approches ne permettent pas de garantir la robustesse de l’ouvrage conçu vis-à-vis des sources d’incertitudes susceptibles d’affecter ses performances au cours de sa réalisation et de son fonctionnement. Nous proposons dans ce mémoire une méthodologie d’aide à la décision pour la conception robuste des ouvrages qui est appliquée à une structure métallique reposant sur des fondations superficielles. La conception de cet ouvrage est conduite en intégrant le phénomène d’interaction sol-structure qui implique que les choix de conception faits sur la fondation influencent ceux faits sur la structure supportée (et réciproquement). La démarche de conception proposée fait appel à des outils d’optimisation multi-objectif et d’aide à la décision afin d’obtenir une solution qui offre le meilleur compromis entre l’ensemble des préférences énoncées par le décideur sur chaque critère de conception. Des analyses de sensibilité sont menées parallèlement dans le but d’identifier et de quantifier les sources d’incertitude les plus influentes sur la variabilité des performances de l’ouvrage. Ces sources d’incertitude représentées sous une forme probabiliste sont intégrées dans la procédure de conception et propagées à l’aide d’une méthode d’échantillonnage par hypercube latin. Une partie du mémoire est consacrée à l’analyse des effets de l’incertitude relative à la modélisation des paramètres géotechniques sur la réponse de l’ouvrage et sur la démarche plus globale d’optimisation<br>Design in Civil Engineering is usually performed in a semi-probabilistic way using characteristic values which are associated with partial safety factors. However, this approach doesn’t guarantee the structure robustness with regard to uncertainties that could affect its performance during construction and operation. In this thesis, we propose a decision aid methodology for robust design of steel frame on spread foundations. Soil-structure interaction is taken into consideration in the design process implying that the design choices on foundations influence the design choices on steel frame (and vice versa). The proposed design approach uses multi-objective optimization and decision aid methods in order to obtain the best solution with respect to the decision-maker’s preferences on each criterion. Furthermore, sensitivity analyzes are performed in order to identify and quantify the most influencing uncertainty sources on variability of the structure performances. These uncertainties are modeled as random variables and propagated in the design process using latin hypercube sampling. A part of this dissertation is devoted to the effects of uncertainties involved in soil properties on the structure responses and on the design global approach

In this diploma thesis is processed build-up organization of logistics centre in Ostrava. The build-up organization covers the implementation of ground works, foundation constructions and precast concrete framework. Storage hall of logistics centre is based on drilled concrete piles and precast concrete framework makes up main structure. Construction technology project contains time-schedule and financial plan for whole project, time-schedule of construction works, budget, technological standard for precast concrete framework, design of building site accessories, design of machine group, safety plan, check and test plan.

abstract: Within the vast area of study in Organizational Change lays the industrial application of Change Management, which includes the understanding of both resisters and facilitators to organizational change. This dissertation presents an approach of gauging levels of change as it relates to both external and internal organization factors. The arena of such a test is given through the introduction of the same initiative change model, which attempts to improve transparency and accountability, across six different organizations where the varying results of change are measured. The change model itself consists of an interdisciplinary approach which emphasizes education of advanced organizational measurement techniques as fundamental drivers of converging change. The observations are documented in the real-time observed cased studies of six organizations as they progressed through the change process. This research also introduces a scaled metric for determining preliminary levels of change and endeavors to test both internal and external, or environmental, factors of change. A key contribution to the work is the analysis between both observed and surveyed data where a grounded theory analysis is used to help answer the question of what are factors of change in organizations. This work is considered to be foundational in real-time observational studies but has a promise for future additional contributions which would further elaborate on the phenomenon of prescribed organizational change.<br>Dissertation/Thesis<br>Ph.D. Engineering 2012

碩士<br>淡江大學<br>建築學系碩士班<br>94<br>Nowadays when a country encounters financial deficit problems, promoting the private participation in infrastructure projects is one of the modes to construct public facilities. Since an infrastructure construction is different from the construction of common facilities because of its externality and publicity, an infrastructure construction cannot be generated naturally by only relying on market’s mechanism. Therefore, if the facility is significant to the development of society, it is intended that the government should help to construct it. This is also the reason why governments and infrastructure constructions exist. It is clear that the major purpose of a private company to participate in infrastructure projects is to pursue its individual maximum profit, while the government has to consider the public welfare when constructing public facilities and providing public services. Thus, if the related policies and contiguous packages are not sound, the public service characters provided by infrastructure constructions will be shifted from the origin due to the participation of private companies. Thus, this research would like to explore the reasons for the changes of public services and the aspects of these changes.In this research you can find: On the one hand, the government will in advance alter the characters and contents of an infrastructure construction in order to effectively attract the investment of private companies and enable the target facility to be self-return; On the other hand, a private company would like to increase its own profits by playing the leading role in the project and changing the characters of the infrastructure construction. Under the dual influences, the changes of public service of infrastructure constructions will affect the entire development and stabilization of the country eventually. By the comparison of “current private participation mechanism” and “traditional procurement mechanism” in this research, we concluded thirteen probable reasons for the changes of public service and twenty-nine aspects of the changes of public service. In addition, we illustrate the influence of probable reasons and the aspects of the changes on infrastructure constructions respectively. It is intended that this research can give a more proper estimation standard for the government to carry out the private participation projects, which will increase the quality and quantity of the public facilities and services. In the meanwhile, it will also bring about maximum profits for the government, private companies and citizens.

碩士<br>淡江大學<br>建築學系碩士班<br>94<br>Nowadays when a country encounters financial deficit problems, promoting the private participation in infrastructure projects is one of the modes to construct public facilities. Since an infrastructure construction is different from the construction of common facilities because of its externality and publicity, an infrastructure construction cannot be generated naturally by only relying on market’s mechanism. Therefore, if the facility is significant to the development of society, it is intended that the government should help to construct it. This is also the reason why governments and infrastructure constructions exist. It is clear that the major purpose of a private company to participate in infrastructure projects is to pursue its individual maximum profit, while the government has to consider the public welfare when constructing public facilities and providing public services. Thus, if the related policies and contiguous packages are not sound, the public service characters provided by infrastructure constructions will be shifted from the origin due to the participation of private companies. Thus, this research would like to explore the reasons for the changes of public services and the aspects of these changes.In this research you can find: On the one hand, the government will in advance alter the characters and contents of an infrastructure construction in order to effectively attract the investment of private companies and enable the target facility to be self-return; On the other hand, a private company would like to increase its own profits by playing the leading role in the project and changing the characters of the infrastructure construction. Under the dual influences, the changes of public service of infrastructure constructions will affect the entire development and stabilization of the country eventually. By the comparison of “current private participation mechanism” and “traditional procurement mechanism” in this research, we concluded thirteen probable reasons for the changes of public service and twenty-nine aspects of the changes of public service. In addition, we illustrate the influence of probable reasons and the aspects of the changes on infrastructure constructions respectively. It is intended that this research can give a more proper estimation standard for the government to carry out the private participation projects, which will increase the quality and quantity of the public facilities and services. In the meanwhile, it will also bring about maximum profits for the government, private companies and citizens.

碩士<br>東吳大學<br>法律學系<br>105<br>The word of “A duration effect of Administrative decision” (DA) is clearly acted in Article 128I (1) of the Administrative Procedure Act (APA) in our country. However, what does “The durative effect” means, and what does the different between “The durative effect” and “The effect of Administrative decision”, it’s still a question. Based on the Theories and the Practice development of German and our country, this paper describes the meaning of “A durative effect”, and introduces the comparison with some confusing concepts. Furthermore, this paper tries to draft the image of author’s think about DA. After presenting a clarification of basic concepts, due to the duration of DA, the foundation status could change afterwards, in that time, the original legal situation may turn into illegal, what steps should the Administrative organ and the Court take is an important issue for researching. Because the concerns of administrative proceedings and judicial proceedings are difference, the discussion of Chapter III is divided into two parts. Moreover, Chapter IV&V distinguishes two kinds of the foundation status change, “Favorable change and “Adverse change” (FC, AC). The focus on FC is the discussion of Reopening of Administrative Proceedings, this section reviews the appropriateness of Article 128I (1) of APA. The focus on AC is the claim for returning unjustified enrichment in public law. The author considers whether the Administrative organ has this right, what is the proper returning range and how to takes the legal action. Chapter V also discusses the amendment of Article 127III of APA. Finally, writing a summary in Chapter VI. Hope the readers could understand the topic concept more clearly after reading this paper.

This study sought to investigate the effects of continuous curriculum policy changes on the professional lives of foundation phase teachers in post-apartheid South Africa. Since the inception of Curriculum 2005 (C2005) in 1994, there have been several policy initiatives aimed at the Foundation Phase. These include: The Revised National Curriculum Statement (2002) , followed by the Foundations for Learning Campaign and the Curriculum Assessment Policy Statement (CAPS) in 2012. This study aims to understand the process and experience of change from a teachers‟ perspective, as teachers‟ participation in education policy formulation has been limited or non-existent. The study sought to answer three critical questions: Why have there been continuous curriculum policy changes in post-apartheid South Africa? What are the implications of continuous curriculum policy changes for foundation phase teachers? What are the effects of these changes on the professional lives of foundation phase teachers? The literature review sought to explore the motivation for continuous curriculum changes and the implications that these changes have for foundation phase teachers. The literature review indicates that policy changes derive largely from two contending imperatives, namely pedagogical enhancement and/or political symbolism. The qualitative data generated for the analysis is underpinned by the interpretive paradigm using data collected through structured interviews. Foundation phase teachers from three primary schools were selected to participate in the study. The questions have also been explored using relevant theoretical explanations that derive from empirical data. This study has been framed within four theoretical frameworks, namely: Foucault‟s (1991) theory of governmentality, Jansen‟s (2002) theory of political symbolism, Carnal‟s (1993) theory of change, and Hargreaves (1994) theory of professionalism and intensification. The analysis reveals that continuous policy changes lead to intensification of teacher workloads and poor uptake and implementation of new/revised policies. As the trajectory of curriculum policy change reveals, teachers who have hardly been able to internalise pre-existing policies are required to engage with new policies. The data reveals that frequent policy changes have resulted in uncertainty and confusion among teachers, and contrary to the policy rhetoric, do not improve the performance of learners, as is evident from South Africa‟s poor performance in international literacy and numeracy tests. Nor does it assist with teacher development. The haste usually associated with the policy process results in the use of the much maligned “cascade” model of teacher development. Policy bureaucrats, who have inadequate understandings of policy, superficially cascade these understandings to teachers through quick-fix workshops. The study contends that the state of policy-flux is counterproductive and can be attributed to the phenomenon of governmentality. This is an attempt by the ruling party (which governs policy development almost exclusively) to be seen to be making substantive changes, but these changes remain at the level of policy rhetoric and policy symbolism. The report concludes with the assertion that for policy to have substantive force, there needs to be more productive policy dialogue among practising teachers and policy makers. It is still possible to infuse a sense of legitimacy in the policy process, if teachers are positioned at the centre of the endeavour rather than at the margins.<br>Theses (M.Ed.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2012.

iv Abstrakt anglicky Thesis is focused on subject of foundation engineering for undemanding constructions at construction sites with difficult basis conditions. In first part of thesis the selected methods for depth foundation construction are discussed. These methods were used or have potential to be used at examined locations. Examined locations with difficult basis conditions are described in second part of thesis. Final part of thesis contains preparation for detailed IGP for foundaton construction in locality Praha - Řeporyje. Main objective of thesis is to assess various methods of special foundation engineering in difficult basis conditions and to evaluate their suitability for using in given geological conditions.

The aim of this thesis is to introduce all changes, that occurred in the Presidential office since February 1948 until the death of Klement Gottwald. After the short introduction, which gives us insight into the so called the Foundation period of Communism and into the life of Klement Gottwald and his wife Marta, follows the opening chapter about the situation in the Presidential office after the February 1948. It introduces two great topics, which would be examined in the next chapters - staff question and organization of the office. The thesis is closed by the chapter about the role of the Prague castle and Gottwald himself in 1948-1953. Books about this era describe mostly the general characteristics of the period and of Klement Gottwald himself. They are not paying attention to the Presidential office. Only one of the persecuted employees wrote a biography - Miroslav Jirásek. I used mostly the books of Karel Kaplan. The memoirs of Ladislav Novák (chancellor of Antonín Zápotocký, Antonín Novotný and Ludvík Svoboda) were very useful for the description of the situation after the death of Klement Gottwald. Even though documents from a couple of archives were used, some questions were left without the answers. For example, the file of the action committee doesn't exist, so we couldn't describe its...