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Journal articles on the topic "Changes p"

1

Perkins, Ern. "Name Changes." Castlemaine Naturalist 21, no. 233 (1997): 6–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.5962/p.400408.

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Morris, Chris. "Bird Name Changes." Castlemaine Naturalist 19, no. 213 (1995): 3–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.5962/p.400241.

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Perkins, Ern. "More name Changes." Castlemaine Naturalist 17, no. 188 (1993): 6–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.5962/p.400063.

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Perkins, Ern. "Orchid Name Changes." Castlemaine Naturalist 26, no. 294 (2002): 3–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.5962/p.400784.

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Tahaseenbanu, Shaikh, and Hiremath Shaktiprasad. "ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHIC CHANGES IN MIGRAINE." International Journal Of Basic And Applied Physiology 6, no. 1 (2017): 67–70. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4500224.

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<strong>Background</strong>: Migraine is the second most common cause for Primary headache. Migraine often results in considerable disability and decrease in the patients&rsquo; quality of life. Its prevalence is highest in the age group of 25 &ndash; 55 years, which are the peak years of economic productivity. In literature autonomic nervous system (ANS) impairment in migraine is well documented i.e. migraine is of neural origin. Also autonomic dysfunction in migraine may also affect autonomic innervation of the heart resulting in ECG changes. <strong>Objectives</strong>: To study ECG changes in patients of migraine. <strong>Materials and methods</strong>: Thirty migraine female patients aged 25 to 55 were included. Thirty age and gender matched controls were chosen for comparison. In all the study subjects and controls, resting ECG was recorded. Statistical analysis was done by unpaired student&lsquo;t&rsquo; test. Results: The resting heart rate was found to be significantly higher in migraineurs compared to controls (P&lt;0.05). QTc interval although was within the normal range, it was significantly more (P&lt;0.01) in migraineurs when compared to controls <strong>Interpretation and conclusion</strong>: ECG changes were found in migraineurs which indirectly suggest disturbed autonomic innervation to heart.
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Goraya, P. S., R. K. Srivastava, and Wahab Uddin. "Brightness changes in P/Halley." Earth, Moon and Planets 40, no. 1 (1988): 109–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00057949.

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Perkins, Ern. "More Name Changes for Plants." Castlemaine Naturalist 17, no. 191 (1993): 10–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.5962/p.400081.

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Hrastnik, Bla. "P-77 Physiological changes during exercise." British Journal of Sports Medicine 50, Suppl 1 (2016): A74.2—A75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2016-097120.130.

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Zorn, Thomas, Donna Dudney, and Benjamas Jirasakuldech. "P/E changes: some new results." Journal of Forecasting 28, no. 4 (2009): 358–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/for.1097.

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Juszczyk-Rygałło, Joanna. "Structural changes of teaching in eSociety." Prace Naukowe Akademii im. Jana Długosza w Częstochowie. Pedagogika 26, no. 1 (2017): 23–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.16926/p.2017.26.02.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Changes p"

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Kühle, Martin P. [Verfasser]. "Changes in the Russian Banking System / Martin P. Kühle." Hamburg : Diplom.de, 1997. http://d-nb.info/1182314104/34.

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Cito, Maria Cristina <1982&gt. "Identity Changes and Consumer Behavior. How Becoming Parents Changes Our Consumption Choices." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2015. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/7139/1/Cito_Maria_Cristina_Tesi.pdf.

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This research aims at investigating the impact of the identity change on consumption. An identity change is defined as the acquisition of a new identity after a life change event. For instance after the birth of the first child the new identity as parent is acquired and a woman can define herself as a mother. Despite marketing research recognizes that individuals’ identity is unstable and susceptible to change, the investigation of the identity change is still in its infancy. Furthermore, marketing research did not investigate the contextual effect of the new as well as the old identity on individuals’ reaction toward identity-marketing. In order words, whether people show a more favorable reaction toward product related to their new or their old identities after an identity change is still unclear. In order to answer this question, five studies are conducted. Results show that when the new identity substitutes the old one, people show a more positive reaction toward new-identity related products, while when the new identity is added to the old ones, people show a more positive reaction toward old-identity related products. This is the case also when the new identity accounts for high levels of identification (study three) and when the old identity is squeezed by the new one (studies four and five). A new concept, the identity strain, is then introduced and discussed.
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Cito, Maria Cristina <1982&gt. "Identity Changes and Consumer Behavior. How Becoming Parents Changes Our Consumption Choices." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2015. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/7139/.

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This research aims at investigating the impact of the identity change on consumption. An identity change is defined as the acquisition of a new identity after a life change event. For instance after the birth of the first child the new identity as parent is acquired and a woman can define herself as a mother. Despite marketing research recognizes that individuals’ identity is unstable and susceptible to change, the investigation of the identity change is still in its infancy. Furthermore, marketing research did not investigate the contextual effect of the new as well as the old identity on individuals’ reaction toward identity-marketing. In order words, whether people show a more favorable reaction toward product related to their new or their old identities after an identity change is still unclear. In order to answer this question, five studies are conducted. Results show that when the new identity substitutes the old one, people show a more positive reaction toward new-identity related products, while when the new identity is added to the old ones, people show a more positive reaction toward old-identity related products. This is the case also when the new identity accounts for high levels of identification (study three) and when the old identity is squeezed by the new one (studies four and five). A new concept, the identity strain, is then introduced and discussed.
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Liu, Ning. "A study of genre changes and privileged pedagogic identity in teaching contest discourse." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2017. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/35830/.

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There are various types of educational contests held across disciplines and institutions in China every year, including debate contests, speech contests, reading contests, writing contests, spoken English contests, and teaching contests. The Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press National College English Teaching Contest (hereafter SFLEP contest) is such an example. It is a large-scale teaching contest held annually throughout 1,500 Chinese universities for Chinese EFL teachers engaged in tertiary education. Every year, 20 winning contestant teachers are chosen from the contest and their mock teachings (a particular contest segment in which the contestant teachers teach in a quasi-classroom environment) in the finals of the SFLEP contest are recorded and presented to the public through various media, such as Youku (a very popular online video website in China, www.youku.com). Moreover, the contest adjudicators make comments on these privileged examples and their comments are published by one of the contest sponsors, the Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press, as well. As these mock teachings are not authentic classroom teaching, but the teaching performances in the contest, they represent the privileged meta-pedagogical examples that the contest organizers want to present to the contest audience. For the same reason, these comments of the mock teachings also represent the meta-pedagogical opinions of the contest adjudicators in the contest, which the contest organizers want the contest audience to access. There are studies which explore the collective identity types reflected in the contest discourses and studies which discuss the impact of teaching contest on authentic teaching. The former type of study offers ways of understanding teaching contest practices as spontaneous events which put forward their particular meta-pedagogical models to the contest audience; the second type of study offers ways of understanding the impact and washback influences of these models on authentic teachings. No prior studies, however, explore how the teaching practices in authentic teachings are borrowed into the teaching contest. It is the hypothesis of the present thesis that the classroom-based pedagogic models are borrowed in and adapted in the contest discourses before they are presented to the contest viewers. The research purpose of the thesis is to test this hypothesis with discourse analytic approaches. The data used in the thesis include the published recordings of 20 winning mock teachings in the finals of 2nd SFLEP contest, together with 40 published adjudicators’ comments on these mock teachings. The analytic approach used in the thesis is primarily Martinian systemic functional linguistics (e.g. Martin, 2004). The thesis goes through a three-step analysis of the data. Firstly, it analyzes the register configuration of the mock teaching discourse; secondly, it compares these analytic results with a prior study of ESL pedagogic genre (Lee, 2011); thirdly, it analyzes the contest adjudicators’ post-contest comments as to what genre instances and individuations are valued / devalued in these comments. The research results are three-fold. First, the research reports the particular register features of the mock teaching data used. Second, the mock teaching discourse as a genre is no different from the ESL pedagogic genre at its stages; however, it is different from the ESL pedagogic genre at its sub-stages, phases, and register configurations. Third, certain stages, sub-stages, and phases of the mock teaching genre are chosen and further evaluated by the contest adjudicators in their post-contest comments. Within these evaluated segments of the genre, instances are either valued or devalued. Moreover, the valued genre instances all point to Interventionism, a certain pedagogic type according to Bernsteinian pedagogical classification (see also Chapter 2). The research results lead to this thesis’ primary contribution by giving a new dimension for the explanation of the teaching contest discourse. Based on its research results, the thesis proposes that the teaching contest discourse as a macrogenre has the social function of borrowing in and changing the classroom pedagogic genre and then refining this genre for the purpose of representing a privileged meta-pedagogic identity in the contest. Apart from this, the thesis also makes contributions to SFL genre theories. First, it proposes that the genre changes in the mock teaching discourse are a phenomenon of genre blurring, as they maintain the abstract form of pedagogic genre while adapt this genre to the contest environment at more constitutional levels. Although prior SFL genre theories can define the mock teaching genre as a genre generated from pedagogic genre, there are no explanations of how the genre changes happen along with the register shift and ideological control. Second, it proposes that the evaluation of genre instances and individuations in the contest adjudicators’ post-contest comments is a phenomenon of genre solidification as the evaluation re-classifies a genre and picks certain instances to represent a privileged narrowed-down genre form in the contest. It is therefore a more delicate way to classify and solidify genre types.
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Campbell, Constance M. "³¹P magnetic resonance spectroscopy, can metabolic changes during controlled myocardial reperfusion be monitored?" Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape16/PQDD_0013/MQ28545.pdf.

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Le, Manh Duc. "Economic and Management issues of firms in Vietnam: Productivity, multinational profit shifting, and ownership changes." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2018. https://hdl.handle.net/11572/367762.

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This thesis is comprised of three essays which explore economic and management issues of firms in Vietnam. The issues being addressed here are varied but connected to highlight (partly) how firms are doing business in the transition economy of Vietnam. The first essay examines ownership differential (i.e. state-owned, private-owned, and foreign-owned) and competition effect on firm total factor productivity (TFP) as consequences of mixed economic reforms in Vietnam (Chapter 2). It describes the big picture: the whole transition process/institutional changes in Vietnam and how such changes are reflected in competition effect on firm TFP and comparative performance (in terms of TFP) of firms with different ownership types. The next two essays deal specifically with foreign firms' subsidiaries in Vietnam. One essence of the economic reform of Vietnam is its “open-door policy†to foreign direct investment (FDI) and international trade. While many benefits of FDI have been identified, in the second essay, an unwanted consequence of FDI is dealt with instead. Specifically, it examines whether foreign multinational firms undertake tax-avoidance profit shifting out the country (Chapter 3). Using a newly developed identification approach in the literature, the essay examines how corporate income tax-rate differentials between the home country and Vietnam determine a foreign wholly-owned subsidiary’s under-reporting of the profit obtained from an exogenous income shock in Vietnam. The third essay then investigates post-formation conversion of international joint ventures (JVs) to either wholly-owned subsidiaries (WOSs– 100% foreign ownership) or domestic firms (DOMs– 100% domestic ownership) in Vietnam. In this essay, both the drivers of such ownership transfers and their performance implications are investigated (Chapter 4).
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Le, Manh Duc. "Economic and Management issues of firms in Vietnam: Productivity, multinational profit shifting, and ownership changes." Doctoral thesis, University of Trento, 2018. http://eprints-phd.biblio.unitn.it/3200/1/PhdThesis_Manh_Duc_Le.pdf.

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This thesis is comprised of three essays which explore economic and management issues of firms in Vietnam. The issues being addressed here are varied but connected to highlight (partly) how firms are doing business in the transition economy of Vietnam. The first essay examines ownership differential (i.e. state-owned, private-owned, and foreign-owned) and competition effect on firm total factor productivity (TFP) as consequences of mixed economic reforms in Vietnam (Chapter 2). It describes the big picture: the whole transition process/institutional changes in Vietnam and how such changes are reflected in competition effect on firm TFP and comparative performance (in terms of TFP) of firms with different ownership types. The next two essays deal specifically with foreign firms' subsidiaries in Vietnam. One essence of the economic reform of Vietnam is its “open-door policy” to foreign direct investment (FDI) and international trade. While many benefits of FDI have been identified, in the second essay, an unwanted consequence of FDI is dealt with instead. Specifically, it examines whether foreign multinational firms undertake tax-avoidance profit shifting out the country (Chapter 3). Using a newly developed identification approach in the literature, the essay examines how corporate income tax-rate differentials between the home country and Vietnam determine a foreign wholly-owned subsidiary’s under-reporting of the profit obtained from an exogenous income shock in Vietnam. The third essay then investigates post-formation conversion of international joint ventures (JVs) to either wholly-owned subsidiaries (WOSs– 100% foreign ownership) or domestic firms (DOMs– 100% domestic ownership) in Vietnam. In this essay, both the drivers of such ownership transfers and their performance implications are investigated (Chapter 4).
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Pettinato, Ombretta. "Do target prices predict rating changes?" Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trieste, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10077/2637.

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2006/2007<br>Both rating agencies and stock analysts evaluate publicly traded companies and communicate their opinions to investors. Empirical evidence indicates that stock prices react to both bond rating changes (at least downgrades) and changes in analysts’ earning forecasts, suggesting that both pieces of information are valuable to investors. While most academic research has been focused on studying the impact of rating actions on bond prices, stock returns or earning forecasts, surprisingly, the relationship between target prices and rating actions has remained essentially unexplored. Our study contribute to the existing literature by providing an evidence, not yet explored, of any anticipation in target prices revision prior to a rating actions, in order to analyze the ability of equity analysts to predict the decisions of the main rating agencies. Moreover, our work is related to the empirical literature that investigates the optimism of analysts’ recommendations and we provide evidence about the mean target price to current price ratio for the Italian market. Using a large and unique database, we find that TP/P ratio over the period 2000-2005 is 1,15, that is target prices are 15% higher than current stock prices. The motivation of this research stems from the empirical evidences that 1) target prices are statements incorporating earnings forecasts, which have proven to be meaningfully correlated with rating actions ,2) target prices revisions are released much more frequently than rating actions 3) downgrades (upgrades) associated with negative (positive) revision of the firm’s prospective cash flows will negatively(positively) affect bondholders and, to a larger extent, equity holders who have secondary claims compared to debt. On the basis of a set of hypotheses, we expect that downgrades can be anticipated by a reduction in target prices and that, in the case of upgrades, the anticipation effect should be more evident. Changes in target prices prior to rating actions are estimated, controlling for the anticipations through watches and the sector of the rated firm. Using a complete and unique data set of rating actions released by Moody’s, Standard & Poor’s and Fitch from 1st January 2000 to 31st December 2005, for the Italian listed firms and for an European sample, we find that positive rating events are anticipated by consistent increases of the target prices released in the four months before the rating action. The evidence is less clear for negative rating events, since significant reductions in target prices are observable only in a shorter window (three months). Our results reflect analysts’ overly-optimistic behavior and the fact that they are less likely to reduce than to increase target prices over time. Results also differ controlling by the sector. Looking at the Italian sample (composed mainly by financial firms) and at the European financial sub sample we find that: target prices reduction prior to a downgrade is highly evident in the financial sector while it is not clear at all for the non financial sector. According to Gropp and Richards (2001) and Schweitzer et al. (1992), we thus observe strong differences between the two groups of issuers (financial and industrial ones). We argue that the different regulatory regimes, which imply different degrees of transparency, could explain the asymmetric behavior of target prices. We finally investigate whether the anticipation of a rating action by a watch list in the same direction, may influence our results. In this paper, we follow Hand et al. [1992] and use credit watches in two ways. First, we examine changes in target prices around credit watches, testing whether they contain relevant market information. Second, we use them as a means of distinguishing between contaminated and uncontaminated ratings changes. As in Hand et al. [1992] we argue that a ratings change that is preceded by a ratings watch in the same direction should be largely anticipated and, hence, should be associated with significant changes in target prices. Comparing the average change in target price for contaminated versus uncontaminated rating actions, we find that contaminated downgrades show more pronounced reductions in target price over time while there is no significant difference for upgrades. This difference can be explained according to whether or not the watch list was released during the four months prior to the rating action, corresponding to our observation window. Since watch lists are usually released on average three months before the downgrade, they fall into our observation window, bringing with them a further reduction in target price. Overall, the results suggest that target prices may perform a useful role in anticipating rating changes and confirm prior evidence that rating actions can be predicted from publicly available information, at least for financial sector. The remainder of this work is organized as follows. Chapter 1 discusses the main informational content of ratings, rating criteria and procedures. Following that, in Chapter 2, we examine the main content of reports on Italian stocks, to find out the evaluation method used to get the final recommendation and the main differences between analysts’ justifications for reports that disclose target prices versus those that do not. The different disclosure levels of target prices across stock recommendations suggest that analysts are more inclined to provide them when their recommendations are more favorable (i.e., Buy or Strong Buy) than they are when their recommendations are less favorable (i.e., Hold). Finally, in Chapter 3, we investigate whether ratings actions can be predicted from publicly available information by examining any target price changes prior to the rating action, on the basis of a set of hypotheses to be tested. The research design and methodology are described in Chapter 3, along with the main conclusions of the empirical evidence. The work closes with a summary and suggestions for future research.<br>XX Ciclo<br>1979
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Antonioli, Davide <1977&gt. "The firm. Techno-organizational changes, industrial relations and performances. An enquiry on Reggio Emilia local industrial system." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2008. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/762/1/Tesi_Antonioli_Davide.pdf.

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It is not unknown that the evolution of firm theories has been developed along a path paved by an increasing awareness of the organizational structure importance. From the early “neoclassical” conceptualizations that intended the firm as a rational actor whose aim is to produce that amount of output, given the inputs at its disposal and in accordance to technological or environmental constraints, which maximizes the revenue (see Boulding, 1942 for a past mid century state of the art discussion) to the knowledge based theory of the firm (Nonaka & Takeuchi, 1995; Nonaka & Toyama, 2005), which recognizes in the firm a knnowledge creating entity, with specific organizational capabilities (Teece, 1996; Teece & Pisano, 1998) that allow to sustaine competitive advantages. Tracing back a map of the theory of the firm evolution, taking into account the several perspectives adopted in the history of thought, would take the length of many books. Because of that a more fruitful strategy is circumscribing the focus of the description of the literature evolution to one flow connected to a crucial question about the nature of firm’s behaviour and about the determinants of competitive advantages. In so doing I adopt a perspective that allows me to consider the organizational structure of the firm as an element according to which the different theories can be discriminated. The approach adopted starts by considering the drawbacks of the standard neoclassical theory of the firm. Discussing the most influential theoretical approaches I end up with a close examination of the knowledge based perspective of the firm. Within this perspective the firm is considered as a knowledge creating entity that produce and mange knowledge (Nonaka, Toyama, & Nagata, 2000; Nonaka & Toyama, 2005). In a knowledge intensive organization, knowledge is clearly embedded for the most part in the human capital of the individuals that compose such an organization. In a knowledge based organization, the management, in order to cope with knowledge intensive productions, ought to develop and accumulate capabilities that shape the organizational forms in a way that relies on “cross-functional processes, extensive delayering and empowerment” (Foss 2005, p.12). This mechanism contributes to determine the absorptive capacity of the firm towards specific technologies and, in so doing, it also shape the technological trajectories along which the firm moves. After having recognized the growing importance of the firm’s organizational structure in the theoretical literature concerning the firm theory, the subsequent point of the analysis is that of providing an overview of the changes that have been occurred at micro level to the firm’s organization of production. The economic actors have to deal with challenges posed by processes of internationalisation and globalization, increased and increasing competitive pressure of less developed countries on low value added production activities, changes in technologies and increased environmental turbulence and volatility. As a consequence, it has been widely recognized that the main organizational models of production that fitted well in the 20th century are now partially inadequate and processes aiming to reorganize production activities have been widespread across several economies in recent years. Recently, the emergence of a “new” form of production organization has been proposed both by scholars, practitioners and institutions: the most prominent characteristic of such a model is its recognition of the importance of employees commitment and involvement. As a consequence it is characterized by a strong accent on the human resource management and on those practices that aim to widen the autonomy and responsibility of the workers as well as increasing their commitment to the organization (Osterman, 1994; 2000; Lynch, 2007). This “model” of production organization is by many defined as High Performance Work System (HPWS). Despite the increasing diffusion of workplace practices that may be inscribed within the concept of HPWS in western countries’ companies, it is an hazard, to some extent, to speak about the emergence of a “new organizational paradigm”. The discussion about organizational changes and the diffusion of HPWP the focus cannot abstract from a discussion about the industrial relations systems, with a particular accent on the employment relationships, because of their relevance, in the same way as production organization, in determining two major outcomes of the firm: innovation and economic performances. The argument is treated starting from the issue of the Social Dialogue at macro level, both in an European perspective and Italian perspective. The model of interaction between the social parties has repercussions, at micro level, on the employment relationships, that is to say on the relations between union delegates and management or workers and management. Finding economic and social policies capable of sustaining growth and employment within a knowledge based scenario is likely to constitute the major challenge for the next generation of social pacts, which are the main social dialogue outcomes. As Acocella and Leoni (2007) put forward the social pacts may constitute an instrument to trade wage moderation for high intensity in ICT, organizational and human capital investments. Empirical evidence, especially focused on the micro level, about the positive relation between economic growth and new organizational designs coupled with ICT adoption and non adversarial industrial relations is growing. Partnership among social parties may become an instrument to enhance firm competitiveness. The outcome of the discussion is the integration of organizational changes and industrial relations elements within a unified framework: the HPWS. Such a choice may help in disentangling the potential existence of complementarities between these two aspects of the firm internal structure on economic and innovative performance. With the third chapter starts the more original part of the thesis. The data utilized in order to disentangle the relations between HPWS practices, innovation and economic performance refer to the manufacturing firms of the Reggio Emilia province with more than 50 employees. The data have been collected through face to face interviews both to management (199 respondents) and to union representatives (181 respondents). Coupled with the cross section datasets a further data source is constituted by longitudinal balance sheets (1994-2004). Collecting reliable data that in turn provide reliable results needs always a great effort to which are connected uncertain results. Data at micro level are often subjected to a trade off: the wider is the geographical context to which the population surveyed belong the lesser is the amount of information usually collected (low level of resolution); the narrower is the focus on specific geographical context, the higher is the amount of information usually collected (high level of resolution). For the Italian case the evidence about the diffusion of HPWP and their effects on firm performances is still scanty and usually limited to local level studies (Cristini, et al., 2003). The thesis is also devoted to the deepening of an argument of particular interest: the existence of complementarities between the HPWS practices. It has been widely shown by empirical evidence that when HPWP are adopted in bundles they are more likely to impact on firm’s performances than when adopted in isolation (Ichniowski, Prennushi, Shaw, 1997). Is it true also for the local production system of Reggio Emilia? The empirical analysis has the precise aim of providing evidence on the relations between the HPWS dimensions and the innovative and economic performances of the firm. As far as the first line of analysis is concerned it must to be stressed the fundamental role that innovation plays in the economy (Geroski & Machin, 1993; Stoneman & Kwoon 1994, 1996; OECD, 2005; EC, 2002). On this point the evidence goes from the traditional innovations, usually approximated by R&D investment expenditure or number of patents, to the introduction and adoption of ICT, in the recent years (Brynjolfsson & Hitt, 2000). If innovation is important then it is critical to analyse its determinants. In this work it is hypothesised that organizational changes and firm level industrial relations/employment relations aspects that can be put under the heading of HPWS, influence the propensity to innovate in product, process and quality of the firm. The general argument may goes as follow: changes in production management and work organization reconfigure the absorptive capacity of the firm towards specific technologies and, in so doing, they shape the technological trajectories along which the firm moves; cooperative industrial relations may lead to smother adoption of innovations, because not contrasted by unions. From the first empirical chapter emerges that the different types of innovations seem to respond in different ways to the HPWS variables. The underlying processes of product, process and quality innovations are likely to answer to different firm’s strategies and needs. Nevertheless, it is possible to extract some general results in terms of the most influencing HPWS factors on innovative performance. The main three aspects are training coverage, employees involvement and the diffusion of bonuses. These variables show persistent and significant relations with all the three innovation types. The same do the components having such variables at their inside. In sum the aspects of the HPWS influence the propensity to innovate of the firm. At the same time, emerges a quite neat (although not always strong) evidence of complementarities presence between HPWS practices. In terns of the complementarity issue it can be said that some specific complementarities exist. Training activities, when adopted and managed in bundles, are related to the propensity to innovate. Having a sound skill base may be an element that enhances the firm’s capacity to innovate. It may enhance both the capacity to absorbe exogenous innovation and the capacity to endogenously develop innovations. The presence and diffusion of bonuses and the employees involvement also spur innovative propensity. The former because of their incentive nature and the latter because direct workers participation may increase workers commitment to the organizationa and thus their willingness to support and suggest inovations. The other line of analysis provides results on the relation between HPWS and economic performances of the firm. There have been a bulk of international empirical studies on the relation between organizational changes and economic performance (Black & Lynch 2001; Zwick 2004; Janod & Saint-Martin 2004; Huselid 1995; Huselid & Becker 1996; Cappelli & Neumark 2001), while the works aiming to capture the relations between economic performance and unions or industrial relations aspects are quite scant (Addison & Belfield, 2001; Pencavel, 2003; Machin & Stewart, 1990; Addison, 2005). In the empirical analysis the integration of the two main areas of the HPWS represent a scarcely exploited approach in the panorama of both national and international empirical studies. As remarked by Addison “although most analysis of workers representation and employee involvement/high performance work practices have been conducted in isolation – while sometimes including the other as controls – research is beginning to consider their interactions” (Addison, 2005, p.407). The analysis conducted exploiting temporal lags between dependent and covariates, possibility given by the merger of cross section and panel data, provides evidence in favour of the existence of HPWS practices impact on firm’s economic performance, differently measured. Although it does not seem to emerge robust evidence on the existence of complementarities among HPWS aspects on performances there is evidence of a general positive influence of the single practices. The results are quite sensible to the time lags, inducing to hypothesize that time varying heterogeneity is an important factor in determining the impact of organizational changes on economic performance. The implications of the analysis can be of help both to management and local level policy makers. Although the results are not simply extendible to other local production systems it may be argued that for contexts similar to the Reggio Emilia province, characterized by the presence of small and medium enterprises organized in districts and by a deep rooted unionism, with strong supporting institutions, the results and the implications here obtained can also fit well. However, a hope for future researches on the subject treated in the present work is that of collecting good quality information over wider geographical areas, possibly at national level, and repeated in time. Only in this way it is possible to solve the Gordian knot about the linkages between innovation, performance, high performance work practices and industrial relations.
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Antonioli, Davide <1977&gt. "The firm. Techno-organizational changes, industrial relations and performances. An enquiry on Reggio Emilia local industrial system." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2008. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/762/.

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It is not unknown that the evolution of firm theories has been developed along a path paved by an increasing awareness of the organizational structure importance. From the early “neoclassical” conceptualizations that intended the firm as a rational actor whose aim is to produce that amount of output, given the inputs at its disposal and in accordance to technological or environmental constraints, which maximizes the revenue (see Boulding, 1942 for a past mid century state of the art discussion) to the knowledge based theory of the firm (Nonaka & Takeuchi, 1995; Nonaka & Toyama, 2005), which recognizes in the firm a knnowledge creating entity, with specific organizational capabilities (Teece, 1996; Teece & Pisano, 1998) that allow to sustaine competitive advantages. Tracing back a map of the theory of the firm evolution, taking into account the several perspectives adopted in the history of thought, would take the length of many books. Because of that a more fruitful strategy is circumscribing the focus of the description of the literature evolution to one flow connected to a crucial question about the nature of firm’s behaviour and about the determinants of competitive advantages. In so doing I adopt a perspective that allows me to consider the organizational structure of the firm as an element according to which the different theories can be discriminated. The approach adopted starts by considering the drawbacks of the standard neoclassical theory of the firm. Discussing the most influential theoretical approaches I end up with a close examination of the knowledge based perspective of the firm. Within this perspective the firm is considered as a knowledge creating entity that produce and mange knowledge (Nonaka, Toyama, & Nagata, 2000; Nonaka & Toyama, 2005). In a knowledge intensive organization, knowledge is clearly embedded for the most part in the human capital of the individuals that compose such an organization. In a knowledge based organization, the management, in order to cope with knowledge intensive productions, ought to develop and accumulate capabilities that shape the organizational forms in a way that relies on “cross-functional processes, extensive delayering and empowerment” (Foss 2005, p.12). This mechanism contributes to determine the absorptive capacity of the firm towards specific technologies and, in so doing, it also shape the technological trajectories along which the firm moves. After having recognized the growing importance of the firm’s organizational structure in the theoretical literature concerning the firm theory, the subsequent point of the analysis is that of providing an overview of the changes that have been occurred at micro level to the firm’s organization of production. The economic actors have to deal with challenges posed by processes of internationalisation and globalization, increased and increasing competitive pressure of less developed countries on low value added production activities, changes in technologies and increased environmental turbulence and volatility. As a consequence, it has been widely recognized that the main organizational models of production that fitted well in the 20th century are now partially inadequate and processes aiming to reorganize production activities have been widespread across several economies in recent years. Recently, the emergence of a “new” form of production organization has been proposed both by scholars, practitioners and institutions: the most prominent characteristic of such a model is its recognition of the importance of employees commitment and involvement. As a consequence it is characterized by a strong accent on the human resource management and on those practices that aim to widen the autonomy and responsibility of the workers as well as increasing their commitment to the organization (Osterman, 1994; 2000; Lynch, 2007). This “model” of production organization is by many defined as High Performance Work System (HPWS). Despite the increasing diffusion of workplace practices that may be inscribed within the concept of HPWS in western countries’ companies, it is an hazard, to some extent, to speak about the emergence of a “new organizational paradigm”. The discussion about organizational changes and the diffusion of HPWP the focus cannot abstract from a discussion about the industrial relations systems, with a particular accent on the employment relationships, because of their relevance, in the same way as production organization, in determining two major outcomes of the firm: innovation and economic performances. The argument is treated starting from the issue of the Social Dialogue at macro level, both in an European perspective and Italian perspective. The model of interaction between the social parties has repercussions, at micro level, on the employment relationships, that is to say on the relations between union delegates and management or workers and management. Finding economic and social policies capable of sustaining growth and employment within a knowledge based scenario is likely to constitute the major challenge for the next generation of social pacts, which are the main social dialogue outcomes. As Acocella and Leoni (2007) put forward the social pacts may constitute an instrument to trade wage moderation for high intensity in ICT, organizational and human capital investments. Empirical evidence, especially focused on the micro level, about the positive relation between economic growth and new organizational designs coupled with ICT adoption and non adversarial industrial relations is growing. Partnership among social parties may become an instrument to enhance firm competitiveness. The outcome of the discussion is the integration of organizational changes and industrial relations elements within a unified framework: the HPWS. Such a choice may help in disentangling the potential existence of complementarities between these two aspects of the firm internal structure on economic and innovative performance. With the third chapter starts the more original part of the thesis. The data utilized in order to disentangle the relations between HPWS practices, innovation and economic performance refer to the manufacturing firms of the Reggio Emilia province with more than 50 employees. The data have been collected through face to face interviews both to management (199 respondents) and to union representatives (181 respondents). Coupled with the cross section datasets a further data source is constituted by longitudinal balance sheets (1994-2004). Collecting reliable data that in turn provide reliable results needs always a great effort to which are connected uncertain results. Data at micro level are often subjected to a trade off: the wider is the geographical context to which the population surveyed belong the lesser is the amount of information usually collected (low level of resolution); the narrower is the focus on specific geographical context, the higher is the amount of information usually collected (high level of resolution). For the Italian case the evidence about the diffusion of HPWP and their effects on firm performances is still scanty and usually limited to local level studies (Cristini, et al., 2003). The thesis is also devoted to the deepening of an argument of particular interest: the existence of complementarities between the HPWS practices. It has been widely shown by empirical evidence that when HPWP are adopted in bundles they are more likely to impact on firm’s performances than when adopted in isolation (Ichniowski, Prennushi, Shaw, 1997). Is it true also for the local production system of Reggio Emilia? The empirical analysis has the precise aim of providing evidence on the relations between the HPWS dimensions and the innovative and economic performances of the firm. As far as the first line of analysis is concerned it must to be stressed the fundamental role that innovation plays in the economy (Geroski & Machin, 1993; Stoneman & Kwoon 1994, 1996; OECD, 2005; EC, 2002). On this point the evidence goes from the traditional innovations, usually approximated by R&D investment expenditure or number of patents, to the introduction and adoption of ICT, in the recent years (Brynjolfsson & Hitt, 2000). If innovation is important then it is critical to analyse its determinants. In this work it is hypothesised that organizational changes and firm level industrial relations/employment relations aspects that can be put under the heading of HPWS, influence the propensity to innovate in product, process and quality of the firm. The general argument may goes as follow: changes in production management and work organization reconfigure the absorptive capacity of the firm towards specific technologies and, in so doing, they shape the technological trajectories along which the firm moves; cooperative industrial relations may lead to smother adoption of innovations, because not contrasted by unions. From the first empirical chapter emerges that the different types of innovations seem to respond in different ways to the HPWS variables. The underlying processes of product, process and quality innovations are likely to answer to different firm’s strategies and needs. Nevertheless, it is possible to extract some general results in terms of the most influencing HPWS factors on innovative performance. The main three aspects are training coverage, employees involvement and the diffusion of bonuses. These variables show persistent and significant relations with all the three innovation types. The same do the components having such variables at their inside. In sum the aspects of the HPWS influence the propensity to innovate of the firm. At the same time, emerges a quite neat (although not always strong) evidence of complementarities presence between HPWS practices. In terns of the complementarity issue it can be said that some specific complementarities exist. Training activities, when adopted and managed in bundles, are related to the propensity to innovate. Having a sound skill base may be an element that enhances the firm’s capacity to innovate. It may enhance both the capacity to absorbe exogenous innovation and the capacity to endogenously develop innovations. The presence and diffusion of bonuses and the employees involvement also spur innovative propensity. The former because of their incentive nature and the latter because direct workers participation may increase workers commitment to the organizationa and thus their willingness to support and suggest inovations. The other line of analysis provides results on the relation between HPWS and economic performances of the firm. There have been a bulk of international empirical studies on the relation between organizational changes and economic performance (Black & Lynch 2001; Zwick 2004; Janod & Saint-Martin 2004; Huselid 1995; Huselid & Becker 1996; Cappelli & Neumark 2001), while the works aiming to capture the relations between economic performance and unions or industrial relations aspects are quite scant (Addison & Belfield, 2001; Pencavel, 2003; Machin & Stewart, 1990; Addison, 2005). In the empirical analysis the integration of the two main areas of the HPWS represent a scarcely exploited approach in the panorama of both national and international empirical studies. As remarked by Addison “although most analysis of workers representation and employee involvement/high performance work practices have been conducted in isolation – while sometimes including the other as controls – research is beginning to consider their interactions” (Addison, 2005, p.407). The analysis conducted exploiting temporal lags between dependent and covariates, possibility given by the merger of cross section and panel data, provides evidence in favour of the existence of HPWS practices impact on firm’s economic performance, differently measured. Although it does not seem to emerge robust evidence on the existence of complementarities among HPWS aspects on performances there is evidence of a general positive influence of the single practices. The results are quite sensible to the time lags, inducing to hypothesize that time varying heterogeneity is an important factor in determining the impact of organizational changes on economic performance. The implications of the analysis can be of help both to management and local level policy makers. Although the results are not simply extendible to other local production systems it may be argued that for contexts similar to the Reggio Emilia province, characterized by the presence of small and medium enterprises organized in districts and by a deep rooted unionism, with strong supporting institutions, the results and the implications here obtained can also fit well. However, a hope for future researches on the subject treated in the present work is that of collecting good quality information over wider geographical areas, possibly at national level, and repeated in time. Only in this way it is possible to solve the Gordian knot about the linkages between innovation, performance, high performance work practices and industrial relations.
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Books on the topic "Changes p"

1

(Firm), SAS Institute, ed. SAS technical report P-204: SAS software: changes and enhancements. 6th ed. SAS Institute Inc., 1990.

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Rimkus, Egidijus. Sniego dangos režimas ir klimato svyravimai Lietuvoje: Daktaro disertacijos santrauka, fiziniai mokslai, geografija (06 P). Geografijos institutas, 1999.

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R, Wollast, Mackenzie Fred T. 1934-, Chou Lei 1953-, North Atlantic Treaty Organization. Scientific Affairs Division., and NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Interactions of C,N,P, and S Biogeochemical Cycles (1991 : Melreux, Belgium), eds. Interactions of C, N, P, and S biogeochemical cycles and global change. Springer-Verlag, 1993.

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Rita, Runchock, Droste Kathleen D, Coughlin Victoria A, and Dye Jennifer J, eds. Class P.: Dutch and Scandinavian literatures : Library of Congress classification schedules combined with additions and changes through 1992. 2nd ed. Gale Research Inc., 1993.

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Sitnova, Irina, Vladimir Yadov, and Svetlana Kirdina-Chendler. Institutional changes in modern Russia: activist-activity approach. INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1871442.

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Dissatisfaction with societal structuralist approaches with culturological determinism characteristic of them resulted in another crisis of modern sociology. Traditional sociology ignored a person capable&#x0D; of making individual decisions and making informed choices, and in traditional economic theory this person hung in an airless space in the absence of supportive social structures. Sociologists began to show interest in what is happening in neo-institutional economic theory, and, moreover, intensively borrow its conceptual apparatus. Attempts to resolve the crisis are demonstrated today by theorists of the activist-activity direction M. Archer, E. Giddens, P. Shtompka, and in the field of economics - neo-institutionalists J. Commans, R. Krouse, D. North, T. Veblen, et al. &#x0D; The monograph represents the activist paradigm shared by us, the basic principle of which goes back to K. Marx's formula that people, being born under the same conditions, change them by their practical activities, changing themselves. The task of the research is to find an explanation for institutional changes in a certain value conceptual model and subsequently apply it to the analysis of Russian reality.&#x0D; For students, postgraduates and teachers of sociological universities and faculties.
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Abdel-Gawad, Yehia Mohamed. Nuclear protein changes in a murine model of myocarditis: The down regulation of histone H1ps, a differentiation - dependent protein. National Library of Canada, 1993.

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Baine, David P. Changes in the delivery of selected mental health services at Veterans Administration medical centers: Statement of David P. Baine, Associate Director, Human Resources Division, before the Committee on Veterans' Affairs, United States Senate. U.S. General Accounting Office, 1988.

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Haldimann, Matthias, Andreas Luible, and Mauro Overend. Structural use of Glass. International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/sed010.

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&lt;p&gt;Recent architectural trends and technological developments have brought about unprecedented opportunities and exciting changes in the use of glass in buildings. &lt;p&gt;Structural engineers currently have a bewildering array of glass products and configurations to choose from and a wide range of normal and exceptional loading conditions to consider, but very few unified reference texts for undertaking these tasks. This book attempts to redress this issue by providing an overview of the recent developments in this field thereby providing a basis for the understanding of the structural performance and design of glass in buildings. &lt;p&gt;Each chapter draws on the latest developments in practice and research and contains contributions from various international glass experts. The mix of general and specialist content ranging from rules of thumb to fracture mechanics and novel applications to post-breakage performance make this book useful to practitioners and researchers. Furthermore, the text is supplemented by tables of the major codes of practice and by an extensive list of references. &lt;p&gt;The book is primarily for structural engineers and researchers who have an interest in structural glass. It will be used by senior undergraduates, post-graduate students, researchers and practicing engineers.
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1946-, Kaldewey Gunnar A., Ahnert Cornelia binder, Caponegro Mary 1956-, and Kaldewey Press, eds. Ex P. Ovidi Nasonis Metamorphosibus historia Apollinis et Daphnes. The change. Apud Gunnar A. Kaldewey, typographum, 1992.

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Wollast, Roland, Fred T. Mackenzie, and Lei Chou, eds. Interactions of C, N, P and S Biogeochemical Cycles and Global Change. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-76064-8.

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Book chapters on the topic "Changes p"

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Sehgal, Pankaj, Claus Olesen, and Jesper V. Møller. "Tryptophan Fluorescence Changes Related to Ca2+-ATPase Function." In P-Type ATPases. Springer New York, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-3179-8_21.

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Van Le, Chon. "Detection of Structural Changes Without Using P Values." In Beyond Traditional Probabilistic Methods in Economics. Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-04200-4_41.

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Herodek, S. "Phytoplankton Changes During Eutrophication and P and N Metabolism." In Modeling and Managing Shallow Lake Eutrophication. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-82707-5_8.

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Esser, G., H. Lieth, and M. Clüsener Godt. "Assessment of P, K, Ca Dynamics During Land-Use Changes." In Facets of Modern Biogeochemistry. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-73978-1_11.

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Viegi, L., G. Cela Renzoni, and R. Vangelisti. "Effects of Different pH Values on Seed Growth in Pinus Pinaster and P. Pinea." In Responses of Forest Ecosystems to Environmental Changes. Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2866-7_97.

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Shimada, Hideo, Masashi Unno, Yoko Kimata, et al. "Oxygen Binding to P-450camInduces Conformational Changes of Putidaredoxin in the Ferrous P-450cam-Reduced Putidaredoxin Complex." In Oxygen Homeostasis and Its Dynamics. Springer Japan, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-68476-3_16.

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Aarstad, K., K. Zahlsen, and O. G. Nilsen. "Inhalation of Butanols: Changes in the Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System." In Archives of Toxicology. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-69928-3_93.

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Jiménez-Reyes, Sebastián J., and Pere L. Pallé. "Solar Cycle Changes of the P-Mode Spectrum and Mean Irradiance." In Solar Electromagnetic Radiation Study for Solar Cycle 22. Springer Netherlands, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5000-2_37.

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O’Halloran, I. P., J. W. B. Stewart, and E. De Jong. "Changes in P forms and availability as influenced by management practices." In Plant and Soil Interfaces and Interactions. Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3627-0_8.

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Bittl, Robert, Stephan G. Zech, and Wolfgang Lubitz. "Light-induced changes in transient EPR spectra of P 865 +. Q A -." In The Reaction Center of Photosynthetic Bacteria. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-61157-5_26.

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Conference papers on the topic "Changes p"

1

Pujianiki, Ni Nyoman, Gde Rai Putra Arya Simpangan, Silvia Gabrina Tonyes, Komang Gede Putra Airlangga, I. Nengah Simpen, and Muhammad Shazril Idris Bin Ibrahim. "The Impact of Sanur Harbor Development on Shoreline Changes at Sanur Beach Using Sentinel-2 Satellite Imagery." In International Conference on Research in Engineering and Science Technology (IC-REST) 2023. Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2025. https://doi.org/10.4028/p-uh8vrl.

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Morphological changes in shoreline areas are typically induced by the construction of structures in their vicinity. At Sanur Beach, the impact of the harbor's development is evident in shoreline changes, primarily in the form of accretion in the northern part of the breakwater. This study examines shoreline changes from 2018 to 2023, utilizing a remote sensing approach with Sentinel-2 Satellite Imagery. Sentinel-2 satellite image data in the Sanur Beach area undergo a process to generate a shoreline change map. The analysis is carried out using the Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) plugin in ArcGIS to determine the rate of change in meters/year and the area in m2. The simulation results indicate shoreline changes as follows: in the period of 2018-2019, there was a tendency towards erosion with an average rate of-4.28 m, continuing into 2019-2020 with a rate of-4.62 m. The most significant change occurred in 2020-2021, characterized by erosion, with the highest rate being-7.28 m compared to the previous year. However, in 2021-2022, the change pattern shifted towards accretion at a rate of 11.88 m, and in 2022-2023, there was a tendency towards accretion at a rate of 4.01 m. These changes are influenced by the hydrodynamic factors at Sanur Beach, where the dominant wind directions are towards the east and southwest, resulting in the prevailing seaward flow from north to south. After the construction of Sanur Harbor, the shoreline changes tended to exhibit accretion, in contrast to the pre-construction period dominated by erosion.
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Fachruddin, Fachruddin, Sanusi Sanusi, Andi Yusra, Rivansyah Suhendra, Muhammad Usman, and Meylis Safriani. "Modeling of Cellular Automata Marcov Chain for Land Use Change Prediction in Nagan Raya Regency." In The 2nd International Conferences on Applied Engineering, Science, Technology and Innovation. Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2025. https://doi.org/10.4028/p-izt6m5.

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Agricultural land has a strategic role and function for the agrarian society of Indonesia. This is because many Indonesians depend on the agricultural sector for their livelihoods. In sustainable agricultural development land is the most important natural resource and changes in land use are inevitable because the amount does not increase but the needs always increase. This land use change also occurs in Aceh Province, especially in Nagan Raya District. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze and predict land changes in order to evaluate the suitability of land management, land use planning, reduce potential conflicts in use, and land utilization for the common good in the future. Cellular Automata-Marcov Chain Algorithm (CA-MC) is one way that can be applied to overcome the problem of land use change in Nagan Raya Regency. Land use conversion significantly impacted primary dry land, particularly through plantation expansion. Spatiotemporal analysis using CA-MC models revealed significant shifts in land cover between 2000 and 2040. Dryland forests decreased, while plantation land, settlements, open land, and water bodies increased. The CA-MC model effectively simulated these changes, providing valuable insights for urban planning and management.
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Sipayung, Satria Masdoni, Alex Kurniawandy, and Muhammad Ikhsan. "Environment Effects of Refined Palm Oil (RPO) on Concrete Mixes." In Sriwijaya International Conference on Engineering and Technology 2023. Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2025. https://doi.org/10.4028/p-e2x5rm.

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Nowadays the construction of palm oil industry mills is advancing rapidly and the next one is Refined Palm Oil (RPO). Refined Palm Oil (RPO) is one of the derivatives of palm oil processing. One option to use structures in the construction of palm oil mills is to use concrete. Plant parts that have concrete components often suffer damage, cracks and reduced concrete strength.This study is intended to examine the mechanical properties of concrete including compressive strength, flexural strength and porosity in concrete in the RPO environment, examining changes in the weight of coarse and fine aggregates immersed in RPO. This study used concrete experiments in RPO baths with 3 combinations, 54 samples and 2 types of concrete plan life, then analyzed in the laboratory. The parameters measured are changes in aggregate weight, porosity, bending strength and compressive strength of concrete. The results showed that the higher the percentage of RPO immersed in concrete, the lower the compressive strength, bending strength and porosity of the concrete. Fine aggregate undergoes weight change when immersed in RPO for 28 and 56 days, while coarse aggregate undergoes no weight change
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Putra, Luis Ode, Irwan Ridwan Rahim, and Rosmariani Arifuddin. "Analysis of Construction Disputes in South Sulawesi: Contractor Companies Perspective." In International Conference on Research in Engineering and Science Technology (IC-REST) 2023. Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2025. https://doi.org/10.4028/p-pnnq84.

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South Sulawesi is one of Indonesia's provinces with great potential in the construction sector. However, South Sulawesi faces various challenges in the construction sector, including construction disputes. This study aims to analyze the factors that cause construction disputes between small, medium, and large construction companies in South Sulawesi. Data were collected using questionnaires to project stakeholders and previous research. The method used was Structural Equation Modeling with a Partial Least Squares system. Seven factors cause disputes in construction projects, namely the problem of completeness of working drawings, changes in plan drawings, administration of approval of drawing changes, legal factors, weather change time factors, non-achievement of planned building quality, and increases in material prices and wages. The influential factors are time 67.8%, administration 53.8%, cost 48.0%, quality 45.2%, human resources 44.4%, technical 39.8%, and legal 39.2%. Thus, the time factor is the most influential in construction disputes in South Sulawesi.
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Ridwan, Sandra Mayang Dika, Nasaruddin Salam, Rustan Tarakka, and Muhammad Ihsan Mukrim. "Experimental Study of Flow Characteristics and Changes in Density Concentration in Two-Phase (Liquid-Solid) Fluid Systems." In International Conference on Research in Engineering and Science Technology (IC-REST) 2023. Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2025. https://doi.org/10.4028/p-v5z9cz.

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Indonesia is a country prone to hydrological disasters, with high potentials to mud flows in some areas. The mud flows need to be channeled to the appropriate place, and the piping system is one of the best alternatives. Through this research, the analysis of flow characteristics and changes in the density concentration in two-phase (liquid-solid) fluid systems is presented. One-inch diameter transparent PVC pipe was used as the test pipe. The pressure drop, experimental friction factor, and Reynolds number on the experimental variables show an interesting relation between the variables. At 10% ratio of liquid-solid discharge, the flow discharge ranges from 0.00000800 m³/s to 0.00001817 m³/s, while at 100% ratio, the discharge reaches 0.00002133 m³/s. The ratios of liquid-solid discharge ratio of 10% to 100% have influences on increasing pressure reduction (∆P). At increasing density from 1000 to 1010 (at mixture ratios of 10% to 20%), the pressure drop (∆P) also tends to increase. At 10%, the f value ranges from 0.0005004 to 0.0011364, where the experimental friction factor tends to be lower than the theoretical friction factor.
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Umar, Muhammad Zakaria, Abdul Mufti Radja, Mohammad Mochsen Sir, and Afifah Harisah. "Review-Journal: Architectural Morphology in the Grand Mosque Building of the Sultanate of Buton." In International Conference on Research in Engineering and Science Technology (IC-REST) 2023. Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2025. https://doi.org/10.4028/p-yrwh6a.

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Buton Island is one of the largest Islamic Sultanate territories in Indonesia. One of the remains of the Buton Sultanate is the Grand Mosque of the Buton Sultanate (TGMOTSOB). TGMOTSOB was founded in 1537 and 1929 and renovated by the 37th Sultan of Buton. Over time TGMOTSOB has experienced changes in the appearance of the building. Changes in form in architecture fall within the scope of synchronic and diachronic. Changes in architecture and morphology correlate synchronically and diachronically. This correlation is important to explore to explain changes in ideas and meanings in the history of the building. This systematic review aims to: 1) gain a deeper understanding of the architectural morphology at TGMOTSOB; and 2) This systematic review can identify the instruments used to measure TGMOTSOB architectural morphology. This research concludes that TGMOTSOB can be studied by architectural morphology with building materials, building color, and changes in building shape based on factors of need and demand, technology, and political needs. Keywords: Changes in building shape, building materials, building colour.
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7

Sjah, Jessica, Michael Loreantz Steven Tambunan, and Ayomi Dita Rarasati. "Evaluating the Impact of Skybridge on the Analysis, Design, and BIM Integration of a Multi-Tower Structure: A Case Study in Laboratory Building Construction." In The 6th International Symposium on Infrastructure Development. Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2025. https://doi.org/10.4028/p-ep5v2d.

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A well-designed structure that goes through proper construction stages will reduce the risk of losses that may be apparent in construction work. Consequently, the development of BIM technology becomes a solution for achieving it through the ability of information integration that it offers. In this study, analysis and design of a multi-tower structure are conducted with BIM usage during the design process. The study is carried out by redesigning two structures that have been separately designed previously, namely Tower Laboratory and Hangar Laboratory, with a skybridge connecting them. The study is started by joining both structures without any changes in element sizes to compare the changes in the structural behavior consistently. The study is then continued by doing design evaluations on the connected structure with response spectrum and time history analyses. BIM integration is then used to obtain concrete and bar volumes necessary for cost calculations. The results show that two separate structures will have changes in their dynamic behaviors when they are connected, which will affect their design especially in resisting lateral forces like earthquake load. Conclusively, a maximum change of 27,96% for Tower Laboratory and 31.77% for Hangar Laboratory was found when the two structures are subjected to Kocaeli ground motion with skybridge connecting them. Efficiency of total structural cost by 2.2047% was achieved for Tower Laboratory and 0.5523% for Hangar Laboratory with the use of time history analysis. Further, this study shows the potential of BIM in helping structural designs process despite its imperfections and further developments needed.
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Haseeb, Muhammad, Anas Ayub, and Aimen Nawaz. "Impact of Climate Change on Organic soil: A Comprehensive Literature Review." In 14th International Civil Engineering Conference. Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2025. https://doi.org/10.4028/p-fw5pfm.

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This paper focuses on the effects of climate change on soil systems which is an important research topic due to importance of soil in offering support to plants, controlling water, and supporting ecosystems. The intention was to review how increasing worldwide temperatures and changes in precipitation impact the properties that define the soil such as organic matter turnover, nutrient dynamics, and soil structure. The findings suggest that the rates of decomposition of soil organic matter increases with rising temperatures; therefore, rising temperatures would bring about drastic shifts in the stocks of soil carbon and associated soil fertility. Similarly, high intensity rainfall together with prolonged periods of dry spurs soil erosion, compaction, and deficiency in fertile soils. Such shifts affect the quality of the soil and the productivity of agricultural systems with consequences on food security and more broadly, stability of ecosystems. According to the study, measures should be adopted to reduce these impacts which provide solutions to maintain the fertility of the soil and sustain soil management practices in the global climate change. The importance of presented study is in the recognition of complex impacts of climate change on soils and the necessity of implementing the adaptive soil management strategies to enhance the sustainability of the soil resources in the context of agriculture.
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Sýkora, Miroslav, Milan Holy, Jana Marková, Aleš Mezera, and Adam Valík. "Probabilistic Model for Thermal Actions on Concrete Bridges Based on Meteorological Measurements - Case Study." In Concrete Structures and Technology 2024. Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2025. https://doi.org/10.4028/p-erm9be.

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Reliability assessments of concrete bridges are currently made using valid codes of practice based on the limit state concept. Verification may be carried out using the partial factor format or structural reliability methods. The reliability assessment should be made taking into account the service life of a structure, the selected reference period, and the changes in the environment of the structure and possibly anticipated changes in use. This contribution focuses on the verification of models for thermal actions for concrete bridges. An example of updating the design value and partial factor for thermal actions using site-specific measurements—shade air temperature measurements and on-bridge measurements—is developed. Two probabilistic models are employed to characterise annual extremes of ambient air temperatures and the effect of choice of the distribution on the partial factor for thermal actions is discussed. It appears that on-bridge measurements may significantly improve the model for both uniform temperature and temperature difference components in comparison to the EN 1991-1-5 model, with reduction of the design value up to 30% in the case study. A useful alternative for practical applications is to update thermal action effects using records from the nearest meteorological station (reduction about 20%). Using either meteorological or on-bridge measurements, the partial factor can be decreased to 1.2 for the uniform temperature component and to 1.3 for the difference temperature component. The choice of probabilistic distribution seems to be of low importance for the bridge under consideration. Further research should be mainly focused on investigating the effects of climate change and analysis of thermal action effects on different types of concrete bridges and bridges from other structural materials.
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Anjum, Naveed, Jawad Ashraf, Muhammad Ahmad, Usman Ghani, Mohammad Hamza, and Asif Aziz. "Numerical Investigation of Flow Dynamics in a Sharp-Crested Weir with Variable Geometry." In 14th International Civil Engineering Conference. Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2025. https://doi.org/10.4028/p-6how46.

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The diverse flow patterns observed in open channels with weir-type structures are common in natural environments such as rivers. However, the complex flow dynamics in these settings remain only partially understood. To address this research gap, a rectangular sharp-crested weir with variable geometric ratios crest heights (H/P) and widths (H/B) was numerically analyzed using CFD modeling in ANSYS Fluent. The primary objective of this study is to provide detailed numerical insights into flow characteristics over sharp-crested weirs with varying H/P and H/B, where H represents the head over the weir, P the weir height, and B the weir width. Discharge capacity and turbulent intensity profiles and contours were generated and compared across four different cases (Cases A-D). The findings demonstrate that changes in geometric parameters significantly influence flow behavior, particularly by affecting discharge rates and turbulence intensity. These results reveal the presence of complex, wide-ranging flow motions similar to those observed in natural open channels, highlighting the impact of weir geometry on overall flow dynamics.
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Reports on the topic "Changes p"

1

Yibchok-anun, Sirinthorn, Wijit Banlunara, and Sirichai Adisakwattana. Antidiabetic effects, mechanisms of of p-methoxy-trans-cinnamic acid. Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, 2008. https://doi.org/10.58837/chula.res.2008.81.

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p-Methoxycinnamic acid (p-MCA) is a cinnamic acid derivative that shows various pharmacologic actions such as neuroprotective and hepatoprotective activities. To examine the insulinotropic activity of p-MCA, the perfused rat pancreas and a pancreatic β-cell line, INS-1 were used in the studies. P-MCA increased insulin secretion from the perfused rat pancreas and INS-1 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. In addition, p-MCA increased intracellular Ca²⁺ concentration ([Ca²⁺]i) in INS-1 cells. The p-MCA-induced insulin secretion and rise in [Ca²⁺]i were markedly inhibited in the absence of extracellular Ca²⁺ or in the presence of an L-type Ca²⁺ channel blocker, nimodipine. These results suggested that p-MCA increased Ca²⁺ influx via the L-type Ca²⁺ channels. Diazoxide, and ATP-sensitive K⁺ channel opener, did not alter p-MCA-induced insulin secretion, nor [Ca²⁺]i response. In addition, p-MCA enhanced glucose and glyburide-induced insulin secretion and it also potentiated the increase in insulin secretion and a rise of [Ca²⁺]i induced by KCI-and Bay K 8644, an L-type Ca²⁺ channel. Furthermore, p-MCA increased cyclic AMP content of INS-1 cells and enhanced the increase of cyclic AMP content induced by an adenylyl cyclase activator forskolin; however, p-MCA failed to enhance the effect of a phosphodiesterase inhibitor 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine. Taken together, our results suggested that p-MCA stimulated insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells by increasing Ca²⁺ influx via the L-type Ca²⁺ channels, but not through the closure of ATP-sensitive K+ channels. In addition, p-MCA may increase cyclic AMP content by inhibiting phosphodiesterase. P-MCA was a potent competitive inhibitor against yeast α-glucosidase However, it had no inhibitory activities on mammalian α-glucosidase and α-amylase. In the acute toxicity test, oral administration of p-MCA (100-2000 mg/kg) produced neither mortality nor significant differences in blood chemistry analysis when compared to the control group, which was fed with sunflower oil. In addition, neither gross abnormalities nor histopathological changes of brain, pancreas, heart and lung were observed.
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Dhaliwal, IInderjit Singh, ed. 10 Opportunities for SME Recovery. Asian Productivity Organization, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.61145/ocnn2958.

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The P-Insights reports, based on the popular P-Talks broadcast on the APO’s YouTube channel since soon after the COVID-19 pandemic struck, were expanded and updated to reflect current realities. Seven reports by resource speakers representing academia and the public and private sectors from APO members India, Indonesia, Japan, the ROK, Mongolia, and Singapore examine opportunities for recovery, the “new” and “next” normal, changes in sociocultural norms, innovative technology-enabled adaptations to the crisis, and government responses to ensure sustained growth and improved quality of life in the Asia-Pacific.
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3

Coscia, Jordan, Wendy Cass, and Leighton J. Evaluation of 20 years of vegetation change in the Big Meadows landscape of Shenandoah National Park in response to mowing and burning: Application of historic data to identify best practices for future meadow management. National Park Service, 2025. https://doi.org/10.36967/2312599.

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The Big Meadows landscape is an open habitat that supports unique biodiversity not found elsewhere in Shenandoah National Park. To support this biodiversity and to maintain the Meadow’s historic landscape characteristics, Park staff have managed the meadows using prescribed burns, mowing, and the targeted cutting and removal of woody plants since 1998. To assess the impacts of these management actions on the plant community in Big Meadows and to guide future land management recommendations, we visualized changes in the plant community composition between 1998 and 2022 using non-metric multidimensional scaling and used generalized linear mixed-effects regression to model the impacts of climate and land management actions on eight plant community composition variables. Ordination revealed that the plant community across Big Meadows has moved in the direction of undesired increases in Rubus and Celastrus presence between 2004 and 2022 (stress = 0.13, non-metric R2 = 0.98, linear R2 = 0.91), a direction correlated with longer intervals between prescribed burns (R2 = 0.36, P = 0.01). Our models suggest that changes in the plant community were correlated with both changes in climate and changes in management frequency, providing strong evidence that longer intervals between prescribed burns were associated with undesired increases in woody plant cover (estimate ± SE = 0.19 ± 0.06, P &lt; 0.001) and decreases in desired forb cover (estimate ± SE = −0.20 ± 0.04, P &lt; 0.001 and moderate evidence that later spring freezes were associated with increases in desired graminoid cover (estimate ± SE = 0.11 ± 0.04, P = 0.01) and decreases in undesired Celastrus cover (estimate ± SE = −1.02 ± 0.48 , P = 0.04). Overall, though targeted experimentation will be needed to identify a management interval that balances the costs and effects of changes in management frequencies, our results suggest that increases in the frequency of prescribed burns and other management actions may assist in the maintenance of desired landscape conditions in Big Meadows.
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Steegman, Ralph, Anne-Marie Renkema, Herman Verbeek, Adriaan Schoeman, Anne Marie Kuijpers-Jagtman, and Yijin Ren. Upper Airway Volumetric Changes on CBCT after Orthodontic Interventions: protocol for a systematic review. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.4.0017.

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Review question / Objective: Does the volume of the upper airway change after an orthodontic intervention? P: growing subjects, adults; I: orthodontic treatment, dentofacial orthopedics, extractions; C: untreated subjects and/or non-extractions; O: volumetric changes of the upper airway measured on CBCT scans. Condition being studied: The primary objective of orthodontic treatment is to establish optimal dental and/or skeletal relationship in harmony with the soft tissue morphology and functioning. In addition, un-impeding or facilitating airway growth and development is an important objective, especially in patients susceptible for airway obstruction or sleep apnea. It is therefore important to look into the effect of various orthodontic treatments on the 3D volumetric changes of the upper airway. Compared with the use of traditional 2D lateral cephalograms, CBCT scans provide the opportunity to perform measurements in more dimensions on the airway with demonstrated reliability. This systematic review therefore includes studies using CBCT scans for evaluation of the airway.
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5

Laxmi Prasanna, Porandla, B. Anil kumar, and Macha Sahithi. A STUDY TO EVALUATE THE TEAR FILM CHANGES IN PATIENTS WITH PTERYGIUM. World Wide Journals, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36106/ijar/3408221.

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Introduction: Pterygium is a degenerative condition of the subconjunctival tissues which proliferate as vascularized granulation tissue to invade the cornea, destroying the supercial layers of the stroma and bowmans membrane, the whole being covered by conjunctival epithelium.The tear lm consists of three layers, the most supercial layer of tear lm is lipid layer produced by meibomian glands. The middle layer is the aqueous layer produced by the main lacrimal gland as well as accessory lacrimal glands of Krause and Wolfring. Aqueous layer constitutes over 90% of the tear lm. The layer closest to the cornea is the mucin layer produced by conjunctival goblet cells. Tear function abnormalities have been proposed as an etiologic factor for pterygium due to observation that a pterygium is exacerbated by dryness and dellen formation. Whether tear dysfunction is a precursor to pterygium growth or pterygium causes tear dysfunction is still not clear. The present study was taken up to study the tear lm changes in patients presenting with pterygium. Materials and methods: The present prospective study was conducted at the Department of Ophthalmology, Chalmeda Anand Rao Institute of Medical Sciences from Jan 2021- July 2022. 75 patients satisfying inclusion and exclusion criteria were included in the study. The eye with pterygium was considered as case and the normal eye of the same patient was considered as controls. The data was recorded for 150 eyes. All patients underwent visual acuity assessment, a detailed slit-lamp examination and ophthalmoscopy to rule out adnexal, anterior segment and posterior segment diseases. Patients were evaluated for tear lm changes using Schirmer's test(with anesthesia),Tear lm breakup time and Tear lm meniscus height. The mean age of the study population was 34.7±4.98 years, with 56% of ma Results: les and 44% of females. Pterygium was present in right eye in 73.33% (n=55) cases and 26.66% (n=20) had it in the left eye. All were on the nasal conjunctiva. Schirmer's test was signicantly lower in eyes with pterygium with P value of &lt;0.001. Tear Film Break Up time and Tear Film meniscus height was signicantly lesser in the eyes with pterygium with P=&lt;0.001. From the present study, we ca Conclusion: n suggest that unstable tear lm is found to a greater extent in eyes with pterygium than in eyes without pterygium. Pterygium is one of the most common ocular surface disorders which results in instability of tear lm indices and thus lead to dysfunctional tear lm and development of dry eye.
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6

Abdul Hamid, Mohamad Muzaffar. The Future of Work: What Lies Ahead in Boosting Productivity. Asian Productivity Organization, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.61145/edsb7404.

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In his P-Insights report The Future of Work: What Lies Ahead in Boosting Productivity, Mohamad Muzaffar Abdul Hamid, Director of the Talent Development Section/People Productivity Division, Malaysia Productivity Corporation, examines recent, ongoing, and likely future changes in how and where we work. The focus is on ensuring that those changes benefit all by raising productivity, offering choices, and expanding inclusivity, with no groups left behind. Hamid calls for leveraging the full spectrum of human potential for the well-being of generations to come, with examples and practical suggestions.
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7

Eshel, Amram, Jonathan P. Lynch, and Kathleen M. Brown. Physiological Regulation of Root System Architecture: The Role of Ethylene and Phosphorus. United States Department of Agriculture, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2001.7585195.bard.

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Specific Objectives and Related Results: 1) Determine the effect of phosphorus availability on ethylene production by roots. Test the hypothesis that phosphorus availability regulates ethylene production Clear differences were found between the two plants that were studied. In beans ethylene production is affected by P nutrition, tissue type, and stage of development. There are genotypic differences in the rate of ethylene production by various root types and in the differential in ethylene production when P treatments are compared. The acceleration in ethylene production with P deficiency increases with time. These findings support the hypothesis that ethylene production may be enhanced by phosphorus deficiency, and that the degree of enhancement varies with genotype. In tomatoes the low-P level did not enhance significantly ethylene production by the roots. Wildtype cultivars and ethylene insensitive mutants behaved similarly in that respect. 2) Characterize the effects of phosphorus availability and ethylene on the architecture of whole root systems. Test the hypothesis that both ethylene and low phosphorus availability modify root architecture. In common bean, the basal roots give rise to a major fraction of the whole root system. Unlike other laterals these roots respond to gravitropic stimulation. Their growth angle determines the proportion of the root length in the shallow layers of the soil. A correlation between ethylene production and basal root angle was found in shallow rooted but not deep-rooted genotypes, indicating that acceleration of ethylene synthesis may account for the change in basal root angle in genotypes demonstrating a plastic response to P availability. Short-time gravitropic response of the tap roots of young bean seedlings was not affected by P level in the nutrient solution. Low phosphorus specifically increases root hair length and root hair density in Arabidopsis. We tested 7 different mutants in ethylene perception and response and in each case, the response to low P was lower than that of the wild-type. The extent of reduction in P response varied among the mutants, but every mutant retained some responsiveness to changes in P concentration. The increase in root hair density was due to the increase in the number of trichoblast cell files under low P and was not mediated by ethylene. Low P did not increase the number of root hairs forming from atrichoblasts. This is in contrast to ethylene treatment, which increased the number of root hairs partly by causing root hairs to form on atrichoblasts. 3) Assess the adaptive value of root architectural plasticity in response to phosphorus availability. A simulation study indicated that genetic variation for root architecture in common bean may be related to adaptation to diverse competitive environments. The fractal dimension of tomato root system was directly correlated with P level.
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8

Shenker, Moshe, Paul R. Bloom, Abraham Shaviv, et al. Fate of Phosphorus Originated from Treated Wastewater and Biosolids in Soils: Speciation, Transport, and Accumulation. United States Department of Agriculture, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2011.7697103.bard.

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Beneficial use of reclaimed wastewater (RW) and biosolids (BS) in soils is accompanied by large input of sewage-originated P. Prolonged application may result in P accumulation up to levelsBeneficial use of reclaimed wastewater (RW) and biosolids (BS) in soils is accompanied by large input of sewage-originated P. Prolonged application may result in P accumulation up to levels that impair plant nutrition, increase P loss, and promote eutrophication in downstream waters. This study aims to shed light on the RW- and BS-P forms in soils and to follow the processes that determine P reactivity, solubility, availability, and loss in RW and BS treated soils. The Technion group used sequential P extraction combined with measuring stable oxygen isotopic composition in phosphate (δ18OP) and with 31P-NMR studies to probe P speciation and transformations in soils irrigated with RW or fresh water (FW). The application of the δ18OP method to probe inorganic P (Pi) speciation and transformations in soils was developed through collaboration between the Technion and the UCSC groups. The method was used to trace Pi in water-, NaHCO3-, NaOH-, and HCl- P fractions in a calcareous clay soil (Acre, Israel) irrigated with RW or FW. The δ18OP signature changes during a month of incubation indicated biogeochemical processes. The water soluble Pi (WSPi) was affected by enzymatic activity yielding isotopic equilibrium with the water molecules in the soil solution. Further it interacted rapidly with the NaHCO3-Pi. The more stable Pi pools also exhibited isotopic alterations in the first two weeks after P application, likely related to microbial activity. Isotopic depletion which could result from organic P (PO) mineralization was followed by enrichment which may result from biologic discrimination in the uptake. Similar transformations were observed in both soils although transformations related to biological activity were more pronounced in the soil treated with RW. Specific P compounds were identified by the Technion group, using solution-state 31P-NMR in wastewater and in soil P extracts from Acre soils irrigated by RW and FW. Few identified PO compounds (e.g., D-glucose-6-phosphate) indicated coupled transformations of P and C in the wastewater. The RW soil retained higher P content, mainly in the labile fractions, but lower labile PO, than the FW soil; this and the fact that P species in the various soil extracts of the RW soil appear independent of P species in the RW are attributed to enhanced biological activity and P recycling in the RW soil. Consistent with that, both soils retained very similar P species in the soil pools. The HUJ group tested P stabilization to maximize the environmental safe application rates and the agronomic beneficial use of BS. Sequential P extraction indicated that the most reactive BS-P forms: WSP, membrane-P, and NaHCO3-P, were effectively stabilized by ferrous sulfate (FeSul), calcium oxide (CaO), or aluminum sulfate (alum). After applying the stabilized BS, or fresh BS (FBS), FBS compost (BSC), or P fertilizer (KH2PO4) to an alluvial soil, P availability was probed during 100 days of incubation. A plant-based bioassay indicated that P availability followed the order KH2PO4 &gt;&gt; alum-BS &gt; BSC ≥ FBS &gt; CaO-BS &gt;&gt; FeSul-BS. The WSPi concentration in soil increased following FBS or BSC application, and P mineralization further increased it during incubation. In contrast, the chemically stabilized BS reduced WSPi concentrations relative to the untreated soil. It was concluded that the chemically stabilized BS effectively controlled WSPi in the soil while still supplying P to support plant growth. Using the sequential extraction procedure the persistence of P availability in BS treated soils was shown to be of a long-term nature. 15 years after the last BS application to MN soils that were annually amended for 20 years by heavy rates of BS, about 25% of the added BS-P was found in the labile fractions. The UMN group further probed soil-P speciation in these soils by bulk and micro X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES). This newly developed method was shown to be a powerful tool for P speciation in soils. In a control soil (no BS added), 54% of the total P was PO and it was mostly identified as phytic acid; 15% was identified as brushite and 26% as strengite. A corn crop BS amended soil included mostly P-Fe-peat complex, variscite and Al-P-peat complex but no Ca-P while in a BS-grass soil octacalcium phosphate was identified and o-phosphorylethanolamine or phytic acid was shown to dominate the PO fraction that impair plant nutrition, increase P loss, and promote eutrophication in downstream waters. This study aims to shed light on the RW- and BS-P forms in soils and to follow the processes that determine P reactivity, solubility, availability, and loss in RW and BS treated soils. The Technion group used sequential P extraction combined with measuring stable oxygen isotopic composition in phosphate (δ18OP) and with 31P-NMR studies to probe P speciation and transformations in soils irrigated with RW or fresh water (FW). The application of the δ18OP method to probe inorganic P (Pi) speciation and transformations in soils was developed through collaboration between the Technion and the UCSC groups. The method was used to trace Pi in water-, NaHCO3-, NaOH-, and HCl- P fractions in a calcareous clay soil (Acre, Israel) irrigated with RW or FW. The δ18OP signature changes during a month of incubation indicated biogeochemical processes. The water soluble Pi (WSPi) was affected by enzymatic activity yielding isotopic equilibrium with the water molecules in the soil solution. Further it interacted rapidly with the NaHCO3-Pi. The more stable Pi pools also exhibited isotopic alterations in the first two weeks after P application, likely related to microbial activity. Isotopic depletion which could result from organic P (PO) mineralization was followed by enrichment which may result from biologic discrimination in the uptake. Similar transformations were observed in both soils although transformations related to biological activity were more pronounced in the soil treated with RW. Specific P compounds were identified by the Technion group, using solution-state 31P-NMR in wastewater and in soil P extracts from Acre soils irrigated by RW and FW. Few identified PO compounds (e.g., D-glucose-6-phosphate) indicated coupled transformations of P and C in the wastewater. The RW soil retained higher P content, mainly in the labile fractions, but lower labile PO, than the FW soil; this and the fact that P species in the various soil extracts of the RW soil appear independent of P species in the RW are attributed to enhanced biological activity and P recycling in the RW soil. Consistent with that, both soils retained very similar P species in the soil pools. The HUJ group tested P stabilization to maximize the environmental safe application rates and the agronomic beneficial use of BS. Sequential P extraction indicated that the most reactive BS-P forms: WSP, membrane-P, and NaHCO3-P, were effectively stabilized by ferrous sulfate (FeSul), calcium oxide (CaO), or aluminum sulfate (alum). After applying the stabilized BS, or fresh BS (FBS), FBS compost (BSC), or P fertilizer (KH2PO4) to an alluvial soil, P availability was probed during 100 days of incubation. A plant-based bioassay indicated that P availability followed the order KH2PO4 &gt;&gt; alum-BS &gt; BSC ≥ FBS &gt; CaO-BS &gt;&gt; FeSul-BS. The WSPi concentration in soil increased following FBS or BSC application, and P mineralization further increased it during incubation. In contrast, the chemically stabilized BS reduced WSPi concentrations relative to the untreated soil. It was concluded that the chemically stabilized BS effectively controlled WSPi in the soil while still supplying P to support plant growth. Using the sequential extraction procedure the persistence of P availability in BS treated soils was shown to be of a long-term nature. 15 years after the last BS application to MN soils that were annually amended for 20 years by heavy rates of BS, about 25% of the added BS-P was found in the labile fractions. The UMN group further probed soil-P speciation in these soils by bulk and micro X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES). This newly developed method was shown to be a powerful tool for P speciation in soils. In a control soil (no BS added), 54% of the total P was PO and it was mostly identified as phytic acid; 15% was identified as brushite and 26% as strengite. A corn crop BS amended soil included mostly P-Fe-peat complex, variscite and Al-P-peat complex but no Ca-P while in a BS-grass soil octacalcium phosphate was identified and o-phosphorylethanolamine or phytic acid was shown to dominate the PO fraction.
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9

Suksom, Daroonwan, Chaicharn Deerochanawong, Tanaka, Hirofumi, and Witid Mitranun. The comparison effects of aerobic continuous training and aerobic interval training on glycemic control and endothelial function in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Chulalongkorn University, 2013. https://doi.org/10.58837/chula.res.2013.71.

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The objective of this study was to compare the effects of continuous aerobic exercise training (CON) and interval aerobic exercise training (INT) on glycemic control and endothelium-dependent vasodilatation in patients with type 2 diabetes. A total of 43 participants with type 2 diabetes aged 50-70 years were stratified in parallel-group study and randomly allocated to the sedentary control, continuous aerobic training (CON), and interval aerobic training ( INT) groups. Exercise training programs were designed to yield the same energy expenditure/exercise session and included walking on treadmill for 30 or 40 minutes/day, 3 times/week for 12 weeks. Biological variables, health-related physical fitness, endothelial function and biochemistry variables between pre-test and post-test were analyzed by a paired t-test. One way analysis of variance was used to compare the variables among groups. Differences were considered to be significant at p &lt; .05. The results of the present study were as follow : 1. Body mass, BMI, body fatness, waist-to-hip ratio, and heart rate at rest decreased and leg muscle mass and muscle strength increased (all p&lt;0.05) significantly in both the CON and INT groups when compared with pre-test. 2. Fasting blood glucose and insulin resistance levels decreased (p&lt;0.05) in both exercise groups but glycosylated hemoglobin levels decreased (p&lt;0.05) significantly only in the INT group when compared with pre-test. 3. Maximal aerobic capacity, flow-mediated dilation, and cutaneous blood flow increased (all p&lt;0.05) significantly in both exercise groups; however, the magnitude of improvement was greater (p&lt;0.05) significantly in the INT group. 4. Malondialdehyde and von Willebrand factor decreased and glutathione peroxidase and nitric oxide increased significantly (all p&lt;0.05) in the INT group. CON group showed no significant changes in these parameters. In conclusion, Both CON and INT were effective in improving glycemic control, aerobic fitness, and endothelium-dependent vasodilation, but the INT program appears to confer greater improvements than the CON program.
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10

Alarcón, Marco, Tatiana Amagua, Donald Morales, and Ana Lucia Seminario. EFFECT OF PERIODONTAL TREATMENT IN HIV+ PATIENS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2023.1.0032.

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Review question / Objective: The objective of our study is to evaluate whether periodontal treatment influences clinical outcomes and immunological conditions in HIV+ patients. (P) Participants: VIH+ patients. (I) Interventions: Surgical treatment, photodynamic therapy, antimicrobials, others. (C) Comparison: Non-surgical treatment. (O) Outcome measures: - Periodontal outcomes: plaque scores, bleeding on probing, periodontal pocket Depth, clinical attachment levels; - VIH outcomes: -Count CD4+; -Microbiological analysis. Condition being studied: Our study will analyze the effect of periodontal treatment in HIV+ patients and will evaluate changes in periodontal, immunological and microbiological parameters.
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