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Journal articles on the topic 'Channel effects'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 19 February 2022

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1

Thies, Jennifer, Vanessa Neutzler, Fidelma O'leary, and He Liu. "Differential Effects of TRPA and TRPV Channels on Behaviors of Caenorhabditis elegans." Journal of Experimental Neuroscience 10 (January 2016): JEN.S32837. http://dx.doi.org/10.4137/jen.s32837.

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TRPA and TRPV ion channels are members of the transient receptor potential (TRP) cation channel superfamily, which mediates various sensory transductions. In Caenorhabditis elegans, the TRPV channels are known to affect chemosensation, while the TRPA-1 channel is associated with thermosensation and mechanosensation. We examined thermosensation, chemosensation, and osmosensation in strains lacking TRPA-1 or TRPV channels. We found that TRPV channel knockout worms exhibited similar behavioral deficits associated with thermotaxis as the TRPA-1 channel knockout, suggesting a dual role for TRPV cha

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2

Chalov, Sergey R., and Nikolay I. Alexeevsky. "Braided rivers: structure, types and hydrological effects." Hydrology Research 46, no. 2 (December 16, 2013): 258–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/nh.2013.023.

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Braided rivers have been intensively analyzed mostly by geomorphologists. In the present study the approach to recognize braided channel types and effects with the special emphasis on flow partitioning has been applied. It is assumed that each braided channel represents the reach which is initiated with dividing of the single channel and completed below the confluence of the total multiplicity of channels. Proposed indices of braided channel structure and water discharges ratio which have been proposed and applied to 200 braided reaches of 40 rivers in Russia, China, and the USA enable the des

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3

Kellis, Douglas L., Amy J. Moll, and Donald G. Plumlee. "Effects of Silver Paste Application on Embedded Channels in Low Temperature Co-fired Ceramics." Journal of Microelectronics and Electronic Packaging 6, no. 1 (January 1, 2009): 54–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/1551-4897-6.1.54.

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A monopropellant micropropulsion device is being developed in low-temperature cofired ceramics (LTCC). The device uses catalytic decomposition of hydrogen peroxide as a propellant: hence catalytic channels are embedded internally in these devices. Consistent construction of these channels depends on a wide range of variables both in the design and fabrication of the channel structures. The primary focus of this paper is the characterization of final channel geometry when silver paste is applied to the upper and lower surfaces of an embedded single layer channel. Application of silver paste to

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4

Laghmach, R., H. El Hadfi, B. Maroufi, and M. Daoud. "Fisher and skew information for two-qubit Bell states under decoherence effects." International Journal of Quantum Information 18, no. 04 (June 2020): 2050018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219749920500185.

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We give the explicit expressions of quantum Fisher information and skew information for a two-qubit Bell states. We investigate their dynamics under the decoherence effects: phase-damping channel, depolarizing channel and amplitude-damping channel. We also discuss the thermal entanglement quantified by Wootters concurrence for these three decoherence channels and we compare its dynamical behavior with the quantum Fisher information and skew information. We then use this comparison to investigate the influence of noisy channels on thermal entanglement and its role in boosting the performance of

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Kang, Jun, Thomas Brashear-Alejandro, Anthony K. Asare, and Sixing Chen. "The effects of value appropriation strategies in channels on intangible firm value." Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing 33, no. 2 (March 5, 2018): 208–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jbim-10-2016-0234.

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Purpose This study aims to examine the role of channel strategies in value appropriation and their effects on firm value with the consideration of situational factors. Design/methodology/approach An empirical study with secondary data is conducted in the context of public franchised channels. The authors use Entrepreneur Franchise Top 500 (2012) as the sampling frame and merge the data from three sources to create the final data set. A set of models are built to test the hypotheses in a hierarchical manner. Findings Value appropriation provides a solid rationale to link marketing channel strat

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Yatani, A., D. L. Kunze, and A. M. Brown. "Effects of dihydropyridine calcium channel modulators on cardiac sodium channels." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 254, no. 1 (January 1, 1988): H140—H147. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1988.254.1.h140.

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To investigate whether cardiac sodium channels have dihydropyridine (DHP) receptors we studied the effects of the optically pure (greater than 95%) enantiomers of the DHPs PN200–110 and BAY-K 8644 and the racemic DHP nitrendipine (NTD). Whole cell and single-channel sodium currents were recorded from cultured ventricular cells of neonatal rats using the patch-clamp method. NTD reduced cardiac sodium currents in a voltage-dependent manner. Inhibitory effects were due to an increase in traces without activity. The unit conductance remained unchanged. At negative holding potentials, NTD transient

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7

Elinder, Fredrik, and Peter Århem. "Metal ion effects on ion channel gating." Quarterly Reviews of Biophysics 36, no. 4 (November 2003): 373–427. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033583504003932.

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1. Introduction 3742. Metals in biology 3783. The targets: structure and function of ion channels 3804. General effects of metal ions on channels 3824.1 Three types of general effect 3824.2 The main regulators 3835. Effects on gating: mechanisms and models 3845.1 Screening surface charges (Mechanism A) 3875.1.1 The classical approach 3875.1.1.1 Applying the Grahame equation 3885.1.2 A one-site approach 3915.2 Binding and electrostatically modifying the voltage sensor (Mechanism B) 3915.2.1 The classical model 3915.2.1.1 The classical model as state diagram – introducing basic channel kinetics

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8

Coetzee, W. A., T. Y. Nakamura, and J. F. Faivre. "Effects of thiol-modifying agents on KATP channels in guinea pig ventricular cells." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 269, no. 5 (November 1, 1995): H1625—H1633. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1995.269.5.h1625.

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ATP-sensitive K+ (KATP) channels are thought only to open during conditions of metabolic impairment (e.g., myocardial ischemia). However, the regulation of KATP channel opening during ischemia remains poorly understood. We tested whether thiol (SH) group oxidation, which is known to occur during ischemia, may be involved in KATP channel regulation. Inside-out membrane patches were voltage clamped at a constant potential (O mV) in asymmetrical K+ solutions. The effects of compounds that specifically modify SH groups [p-chloromercuri-phenylsulfonic acid (pCMPS), 5-5'-dithio-bis(2-nitrobenzoic ac

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9

Garcia, M. L., H. G. Knaus, P. Munujos, R. S. Slaughter, and G. J. Kaczorowski. "Charybdotoxin and its effects on potassium channels." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 269, no. 1 (July 1, 1995): C1—C10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.1995.269.1.c1.

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Over the last few years, a considerable amount of information has been obtained regarding K+ channels. Different areas of research have contributed to knowledge in this field. Charybdotoxin (ChTX), a 37-amino acid peptide isolated from venom of the scorpion Leiurus quinquestriatus var. hebraeus, represents a remarkable tool for studying K+ channels. With its use, it has been possible to purify the high-conductance Ca(2+)-activated K+ (maxi-K) channel to homogeneity and determine the subunit composition of this channel. This has led to the discovery of an auxiliary beta-subunit that, when coexp

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10

Gillis, K. D., W. M. Gee, A. Hammoud, M. L. McDaniel, L. C. Falke, and S. Misler. "Effects of sulfonamides on a metabolite-regulated ATPi-sensitive K+ channel in rat pancreatic B-cells." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 257, no. 6 (December 1, 1989): C1119—C1127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.1989.257.6.c1119.

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Intracellular ATP (ATPi)-sensitive K+ [K+(ATP)] channels are now a recognized site of action of clinically useful hypoglycemic and hyperglycemic sulfonamides. We have further examined the action of these agents on single K+ channels in rat pancreatic B-cells 1) Tolbutamide and glyburide, two hypoglycemic sulfonylureas which decrease K+(ATP) channel activity in the cell-attached patch, affect the kinetics of K+(ATP) channel in a manner similar to glucose. They shorten the duration of the “burst,” or cluster of open channel events, while lengthening the intervals between bursts. 2) The hyperglyc

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Rodriguez-Contreras, Adrian, Ping Lv, Jun Zhu, Hyo Jeong Kim, and Ebenezer N. Yamoah. "Effects of Strontium on the Permeation and Gating Phenotype of Calcium Channels in Hair Cells." Journal of Neurophysiology 100, no. 4 (October 2008): 2115–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.90473.2008.

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To minimize the effects of Ca2+ buffering and signaling, this study sought to examine single Ca2+ channel properties using Sr2+ ions, which substitute well for Ca2+ but bind weakly to intracellular Ca2+ buffers. Two single-channel fluctuations were distinguished by their sensitivity to dihydropyridine agonist (L-type) and insensitivity toward dihydropyridine antagonist (non-L-type). The L- and non-L-type single channels were observed with single-channel conductances of 16 and 19 pS at 70 mM Sr2+ and 11 and 13 pS at 5 mM Sr2+, respectively. We obtained KD estimates of 5.2 and 1.9 mM for Sr2+ fo

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12

Ghovanloo, Mohammad-Reza, Noah Gregory Shuart, Janette Mezeyova, Richard A. Dean, Peter C. Ruben, and Samuel J. Goodchild. "Inhibitory effects of cannabidiol on voltage-dependent sodium currents." Journal of Biological Chemistry 293, no. 43 (September 14, 2018): 16546–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.ra118.004929.

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Cannabis sativa contains many related compounds known as phytocannabinoids. The main psychoactive and nonpsychoactive compounds are Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD), respectively. Much of the evidence for clinical efficacy of CBD-mediated antiepileptic effects has been from case reports or smaller surveys. The mechanisms for CBD's anticonvulsant effects are unclear and likely involve noncannabinoid receptor pathways. CBD is reported to modulate several ion channels, including sodium channels (Nav). Evaluating the therapeutic mechanisms and safety of CBD demands a richer unde

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13

Mayorga-Wark, O., J. Costantin, W. P. Dubinsky, and S. G. Schultz. "Effects of a Shaker K+ channel peptide and trypsin on a K+ channel in Necturus enterocytes." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 265, no. 2 (August 1, 1993): C541—C547. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.1993.265.2.c541.

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We have previously demonstrated that a synthetic peptide composed of the first 22 amino acids from the NH2-terminus of the Shaker B K+ channel protein deactivates a voltage-dependent K+ channel present in basolateral membrane of Necturus small intestinal epithelial cells reconstituted into planar lipid bilayers (Dubinsky et al. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89: 1770-1774, 1992). We now demonstrate that this peptide interacts with the inner surface of the Necturus channel only when it is in the open or conducting configuration and that this interaction is hindered by tetraethylammonium ion, a well

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14

Nakamura, Akiyo, Shinji Kawahito, Takashi Kawano, Hossein Nazari, Akira Takahashi, Hiroshi Kitahata, Yutaka Nakaya, and Shuzo Oshita. "Differential Effects of Etomidate and Midazolam on Vascular Adenosine Triphosphate–sensitive Potassium Channels." Anesthesiology 106, no. 3 (March 1, 2007): 515–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000542-200703000-00016.

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Background The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of two imidazoline-derived intravenous anesthetics, etomidate and midazolam, on vascular adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium (KATP) channel activity. Methods In isolated rat aorta, isometric tension was recorded to examine the anesthetic effects on vasodilator response to levcromakalim, a selective KATP channel opener. Using the patch clamp method, the anesthetic effects were also examined on the currents through (1) native vascular KATP channels, (2) recombinant KATP channels with different combinations of various types of

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15

Zaugg, Michael, Eliana Lucchinetti, Donat R. Spahn, Thomas Pasch, Carlos Garcia, and Marcus C. Schaub. "Differential Effects of Anesthetics on Mitochondrial KATPChannel Activity and Cardiomyocyte Protection." Anesthesiology 97, no. 1 (July 1, 2002): 15–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000542-200207000-00004.

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Background Mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium (mitoK(ATP)) channels play a pivotal role in mediating cardiac preconditioning. The effects of intravenous anesthetics on this protective channel have not been investigated so far, but would be of importance with respect to experimental as well as clinical medicine. Methods Live cell microscopy was used to visualize and measure autofluorescence of flavoproteins, a direct reporter of mitoK(ATP) channel activity, in response to the direct and highly selective mitoK(ATP) channel opener diazoxide, or to diazoxide following exposur

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16

Song, Gimoon, and Heeil Park. "A Study on the Effects of Travel Product Distribution Channels Perception on Channel Satisfaction, Channel Reliability and Channel Loyalty." Journal of Tourism Management Research 23, no. 1 (January 31, 2019): 507–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.18604/tmro.2019.23.1.24.

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17

Wang, Junjie, Meiyun Ma, Silviu Locovei, Robert W. Keane, and Gerhard Dahl. "Modulation of membrane channel currents by gap junction protein mimetic peptides: size matters." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 293, no. 3 (September 2007): C1112—C1119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.00097.2007.

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Connexin mimetic peptides are widely used to assess the contribution of nonjunctional connexin channels in several processes, including ATP release. These peptides are derived from various connexin sequences and have been shown to attenuate processes downstream of the putative channel activity. Yet so far, no documentation of effects of peptides on connexin channels has been presented. We tested several connexin and pannexin mimetic peptides and observed attenuation of channel currents that is not compatible with sequence specific actions of the peptides. Connexin mimetic peptides inhibited pa

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Buscarino, A., L. Fortuna, M. Frasca, G. Sciuto, and Mofeed Rashid. "Compensation of transmission channel effects in chaos synchronization." Iraqi Journal for Electrical and Electronic Engineering 7, no. 1 (June 1, 2011): 83–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.37917/ijeee.7.1.16.

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The synchronization of chaos is a well-known topic which attracted the attention of the scientific community in the last two decades. However, the robustness of the synchronous state has been not widely studied, especially considering real cases in which the effects introduced by the physical channel through which chaotic circuits interact, may deeply influence the quality of synchronization and even the onset of it. In this paper, the synchronization of two chaotic circuit coupled through a non–ideal channel is investigated. In particular, the effects of channels introducing a frequency–indep

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Schoenfeld, N., J. Aelion, Y. Beigel, O. Epstein, and A. Atsmon. "The porphyrogenic effects of calcium channel blocking drugs." Clinical Science 69, no. 5 (November 1, 1985): 581–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs0690581.

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1. Treatment of monolayers of chick embryo hepatocytes with the calcium channel blocking drugs nifedipine and verapamil resulted in a decrease in the activity of uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase, an increase in the activity of δ-aminolaevulinate synthase and accumulation of porphyrins with uroporphyrin and heptacarboxylic porphyrin predominating. 2. Diltiazem, another calcium channel blocking drug, did not affect uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase activity and had a slight effect only on the accumulation of porphyrins. 3. Experiments with nifedipine and verapamil in the presence of various concentra

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Scheel, Olaf, Ulrich Seydel, and Rikard Blunck. "Effects of Hydrophobic Channel Modulators on Membrane Fluidity and Single Channel Kinetics of MaxiK Channels." Anesthesiology 96, Sup 2 (September 2002): A826. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000542-200209002-00826.

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Orio, Patricio, та Ramon Latorre. "Differential Effects of β1 and β2 Subunits on BK Channel Activity". Journal of General Physiology 125, № 4 (14 березня 2005): 395–411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1085/jgp.200409236.

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High conductance, calcium- and voltage-activated potassium (BK) channels are widely expressed in mammals. In some tissues, the biophysical properties of BK channels are highly affected by coexpression of regulatory (β) subunits. β1 and β2 subunits increase apparent channel calcium sensitivity. The β1 subunit also decreases the voltage sensitivity of the channel and the β2 subunit produces an N-type inactivation of BK currents. We further characterized the effects of the β1 and β2 subunits on the calcium and voltage sensitivity of the channel, analyzing the data in the context of an allosteric

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Denson, Donald D., Xiaoping Wang, Roger T. Worrell, and Douglas C. Eaton. "Effects of fatty acids on BK channels in GH3cells." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 279, no. 4 (October 1, 2000): C1211—C1219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.2000.279.4.c1211.

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Ca2+-activated K+ (BK) channels in GH3 cells are activated by arachidonic acid (AA). Because cytosolic phospholipase A2 can produce other unsaturated free fatty acids (FFA), we examined the effects of FFA on BK channels in excised patches. Control recordings were made at several holding potentials. The desired FFA was added to the bath solution, and the voltage paradigm was repeated. AA increased the activity of BK channels by 3.6 ± 1.6-fold. The cis FFA, palmitoleic, oleic, linoleic, linolenic, eicosapentaenoic, and the triple bond analog of AA, eicosatetraynoic acid, all increased BK channel

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Kita, Masafumi, Takakazu Yunoki, Koichi Takimoto, Minoru Miyazato, Kaori Kita, William C. de Groat, Hidehiro Kakizaki, and Naoki Yoshimura. "Effects of bladder outlet obstruction on properties of Ca2+-activated K+ channels in rat bladder." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 298, no. 5 (May 2010): R1310—R1319. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00523.2009.

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In this study, we investigated the effects of bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) on the expression and function of large conductance (BK) and small conductance (SK) Ca2+-activated K+ channels in detrusor smooth muscle. The bladder from adult female Sprague-Dawley rats with 6-wk BOO were used. The mRNA expression of the BK channel α-subunit, β1-, β2-, and β4-subunits and SK1, SK2, and SK3 channels were investigated using real-time RT-PCR. All subunits except for the BK-β2, SK2, and SK3 channels were predominantly expressed in the detrusor smooth muscle rather than in the mucosa. The mRNA expressi

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Wang, Xuefang, Xianshan Dong, Junfeng Xiao, YuYu Zhang, Jianfeng Xu, Sheng Liu, and Liang Gao. "Quantum effects of gas flow in nanochannels." Nanotechnology Reviews 10, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 254–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ntrev-2021-0022.

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Abstract Based on the thermal theory of Newtonian mechanics, the pressure difference in the macro channels will drive the gas flow until the pressure difference inside is zero. However, the 12-year vacuum packaging experiments in our laboratory showed that when the macroscopic channel is reduced to a critical size and reaches the nanometer level, the gas flow inside the channel is hindered, that is, the differential pressure cannot become zero. To explain this paradoxical phenomenon, this study analyzes the flow of air molecules in the channel by using the De Broglie’s matter waves and Heisenb

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WU, F. Q., та B. S. ZOU. "COUPLED CHANNEL EFFECTS IN ππ S-WAVE INTERACTION". International Journal of Modern Physics A 20, № 08n09 (10 квітня 2005): 1905–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x05023608.

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We study coupled channel effects upon isospin I=2 and I=0 ππ S-wave interaction. With introduction of the ππ→ρρ→ππ coupled channel box diagram contribution into ππ amplitude in addition to ρ and f2(1270) exchange, we reproduce the ππ I =2 S-wave and D-wave scattering phase shifts and inelasticities up to 2 GeV quite well in a K-matrix formalism. For I=0 case, the same ππ→ρρ→ππ box diagram is found to give the largest contribution for the inelasticity among all possible coupled channels including ππ→ωω→ππ, [Formula: see text]. We also show why the broad σ appears narrower in production processe

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Hoang, Q. V., P. Zhao, S. Nakajima, and Y. Nakajima. "Orexin (Hypocretin) Effects on Constitutively Active Inward Rectifier K+ Channels in Cultured Nucleus Basalis Neurons." Journal of Neurophysiology 92, no. 6 (December 2004): 3183–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.01222.2003.

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Orexins are excitatory transmitters implicated in sleep disorders. Because orexins were discovered only recently, their ionic and signal transduction mechanisms have not been well clarified. We recently reported that orexin A (OXA) inhibits G protein–coupled inward rectifier K+ (GIRK) channels in cultured locus coeruleus and nucleus tuberomammillaris neurons. Other work in our laboratory revealed the existence of a novel inward rectifier K+ channel (KirNB), which is located in cholinergic neurons of the nucleus basalis (NB) and possesses unique single-channel characteristics. The mean open tim

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Li, Chen-Hong, Qi Zhang, Bunyen Teng, S. Jamal Mustafa, Jian-Ying Huang, and Han-Gang Yu. "Src tyrosine kinase alters gating of hyperpolarization-activated HCN4 pacemaker channel through Tyr531." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 294, no. 1 (January 2008): C355—C362. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.00236.2007.

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We recently discovered that the constitutively active Src tyrosine kinase can enhance hyperpolarization-activated, cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) 4 channel activity by binding to the channel protein. To investigate the mechanism of modulation by Src of HCN channels, we studied the effects of a selective inhibitor of Src tyrosine kinase, 4-amino-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-( t-butyl)pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine (PP2), on HCN4 and its mutant channels expressed in HEK 293 cells by using a whole cell patch-clamp technique. We found that PP2 can inhibit HCN4 currents by negatively shifting the voltage depende

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Shi, Jingyi, and Jianmin Cui. "Intracellular Mg2+ Enhances the Function of Bk-Type Ca2+-Activated K+ Channels." Journal of General Physiology 118, no. 5 (November 1, 2001): 589–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1085/jgp.118.5.589.

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BK channels modulate neurotransmitter release due to their activation by voltage and Ca2+. Intracellular Mg2+ also modulates BK channels in multiple ways with opposite effects on channel function. Previous single-channel studies have shown that Mg2+ blocks the pore of BK channels in a voltage-dependent manner. We have confirmed this result by studying macroscopic currents of the mslo1 channel. We find that Mg2+ activates mslo1 BK channels independently of Ca2+ and voltage by preferentially binding to their open conformation. The mslo3 channel, which lacks Ca2+ binding sites in the tail, is not

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Hansen, Henrik Enggaard, Metodi P. Yankov, Leif Katsuo Oxenløwe, and Søren Forchhammer. "Optimization of Probabilistic Shaping for Nonlinear Fiber Channels with Non-Gaussian Noise." Entropy 22, no. 8 (August 8, 2020): 872. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e22080872.

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Probabilistic constellation shaping is investigated in the context of nonlinear fiber optic communication channels. Based on a general framework, different link types are considered—1. dispersion-managed channels, 2. unrepeatered transmission channels and 3. ideal distributed Raman amplified channels. These channels exhibit nonlinear effects to a degree that conventional probabilistic constellation shaping strategies for the additive white Gaussian (AWGN) noise channel are suboptimal. A channel-agnostic optimization strategy is used to optimize the constellation probability mass functions (PMF

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Mercer, Aaron J., Robert J. Szalewski, Skyler L. Jackman, Matthew J. Van Hook, and Wallace B. Thoreson. "Regulation of presynaptic strength by controlling Ca2+ channel mobility: effects of cholesterol depletion on release at the cone ribbon synapse." Journal of Neurophysiology 107, no. 12 (June 15, 2012): 3468–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00779.2011.

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Synaptic communication requires proper coupling between voltage-gated Ca2+ (CaV) channels and synaptic vesicles. In photoreceptors, L-type CaV channels are clustered close to synaptic ribbon release sites. Although clustered, CaV channels move continuously within a confined domain slightly larger than the base of the ribbon. We hypothesized that expanding CaV channel confinement domains should increase the number of channel openings needed to trigger vesicle release. Using single-particle tracking techniques, we measured the expansion of CaV channel confinement domains caused by depletion of m

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Bychkov, R., M. Gollasch, C. Ried, F. C. Luft, and H. Haller. "Effects of pinacidil on K+ channels in human coronary artery vascular smooth muscle cells." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 273, no. 1 (July 1, 1997): C161—C171. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.1997.273.1.c161.

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We investigated pinacidil-activated K+ currents in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) from human coronary arteries with the patch-clamp method. In 19 of 54 VSMC, pinacidil (1 and 20 microM) induced a large, nonrectifying, outward current [IK(ATP)] and increased voltage-dependent outward K+ currents [IK(Ca)] positive to voltages of -25 mV. The pinacidil-induced (1 microM) IK(ATP) was blocked by glibenclamide (3 microM) but was not affected by iberiotoxin (100-300 nM). Pinacidil activated up to 150 functionally active ATP-dependent K+ channels (KATP channels) per cell with a single-channel cond

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Webb, Kevin L., and John E. Hogan. "Hybrid channel conflict: causes and effects on channel performance." Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing 17, no. 5 (September 2002): 338–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/08858620210439031.

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Zhao, Yonghui, Zongyun Chen, Zhijian Cao, Wenxin Li, and Yingliang Wu. "Diverse Structural Features of Potassium Channels Characterized by Scorpion Toxins as Molecular Probes." Molecules 24, no. 11 (May 29, 2019): 2045. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24112045.

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Scorpion toxins are well-known as the largest potassium channel peptide blocker family. They have been successfully proven to be valuable molecular probes for structural research on diverse potassium channels. The potassium channel pore region, including the turret and filter regions, is the binding interface for scorpion toxins, and structural features from different potassium channels have been identified using different scorpion toxins. According to the spatial orientation of channel turrets with differential sequence lengths and identities, conformational changes and molecular surface prop

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Kim, Yunjeong, and Yuri Lee. "Cross-channel spillover effect of price promotion in fashion." International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management 48, no. 10 (June 29, 2020): 1139–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijrdm-12-2019-0393.

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PurposeThe purpose of this study was to investigate whether consumers differ in their online or offline purchase intention, depending on which channel with price promotion information they are first exposed to, and to analyse the moderating role of brand trust.Design/methodology/approachOverall, 174 responses were obtained via an online survey using two contact channels (online/offline) by two levels of brand trust (high/low) between-subject designs.FindingsSpillover effects were found across channels when a consistent price promotion is executed in both online and offline channels, purchase i

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Zhou, Cheng, Bowen Ke, Yi Zhao, Peng Liang, Daqing Liao, Tao Li, Jin Liu, and Xiangdong Chen. "Hyperpolarization-activated Cyclic Nucleotide-gated Channels May Contribute to Regional Anesthetic Effects of Lidocaine." Anesthesiology 122, no. 3 (March 1, 2015): 606–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/aln.0000000000000557.

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Abstract Background: Local anesthetics (e.g., lidocaine) have been found to inhibit hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels besides sodium channels. However, the exact role of HCN channels in regional anesthesia in vivo is still elusive. Methods: Sciatic nerve block and intrathecal anesthesia were performed using lidocaine in wild-type and HCN1 channel knockout (HCN1−/−) mice. EC50 of lidocaine and durations of 1% lidocaine were determined. In electrophysiologic recordings, effects of lidocaine on HCN channel currents, voltage-gated sodium channel currents, and neura

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Middendorf, Thomas R., and Richard W. Aldrich. "Effects of Ultraviolet Modification on the Gating Energetics of Cyclic Nucleotide–Gated Channels." Journal of General Physiology 116, no. 2 (July 31, 2000): 253–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1085/jgp.116.2.253.

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Middendorf et al. (Middendorf, T.R., R.W. Aldrich, and D.A. Baylor. 2000. J. Gen. Physiol. 116:227–252) showed that ultraviolet light decreases the current through cloned cyclic nucleotide–gated channels from bovine retina activated by high concentrations of cGMP. Here we probe the mechanism of the current reduction. The channels' open probability before irradiation, Po(0), determined the sign of the change in current amplitude that occurred upon irradiation. UV always decreased the current through channels with high initial open probabilities [Po(0) &gt; 0.3]. Manipulations that promoted

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Pappone, P. A., and G. L. Barchfeld. "Modifications of single acetylcholine-activated channels in BC3H-1 cells. Effects of trimethyloxonium and pH." Journal of General Physiology 96, no. 1 (July 1, 1990): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1085/jgp.96.1.1.

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We have examined the effects of chemical modification with trimethyloxonium (TMO) and changes in external pH on the properties of acetylcholine (ACh)-activated channels in BC3H-1 cells, a clonal muscle cell line. TMO reacts covalently and specifically with carboxylic acid moieties in proteins to convert them to neutral methyl esters. In BC3H-1 cells TMO modification reduces the whole-cell response to ACh measured at negative membrane potentials by approximately 60%. G omega seal patch-clamp recordings of single ACh channel currents showed that the reduction in ACh sensitivity is due to alterat

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Golowasch, J., A. Kirkwood, and C. Miller. "Allosteric effects of Mg2+ on the gating of Ca2+-activated K+ channels from mammalian skeletal muscle." Journal of Experimental Biology 124, no. 1 (September 1, 1986): 5–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.124.1.5.

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Ca2+-activated K+ channels from rat muscle transverse tubule membranes were inserted into planar phospholipid bilayers, and the activation of these channels by Ca2+ was studied. On the cytoplasmic side of the channel, calcium ions (in the range 10–100 mumol l-1) increase the opening probability of the channel in a graded way. This ‘activation curve’ is sigmoid, with an average Hill coefficient of about 2. Magnesium ions, in the range 1–10 mmol l-1, increase the apparent affinity of the channel for Ca2+ and greatly enhance the sigmoidicity of the Ca2+ activation curve. In the presence of 10 mmo

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Hanck, D. A., J. C. Makielski, and M. F. Sheets. "Kinetic effects of quaternary lidocaine block of cardiac sodium channels: a gating current study." Journal of General Physiology 103, no. 1 (January 1, 1994): 19–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1085/jgp.103.1.19.

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The interaction of antiarrhythmic drugs with ion channels is often described within the context of the modulated receptor hypothesis, which explains the action of drugs by proposing that the binding site has a variable affinity for drugs, depending upon whether the channel is closed, open, or inactivated. Lack of direct evidence for altered gating of cardiac Na channels allowed for the suggestion of an alternative model for drug interaction with cardiac channels, which postulated a fixed affinity receptor with access limited by the conformation of the channel (guarded receptor hypothesis). We

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Krzemień, Kazimierz, Elżbieta Gorczyca, Mateusz Sobucki, Maciej Liro, and Michał Łyp. "Effects of environmental changes and human impact on the functioning of mountain river channels, Carpathians, southern Poland." Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Land Reclamation 47, no. 3 (September 1, 2015): 249–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sggw-2015-0029.

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Abstract In the northern slope of the Carpathian Mountains and in their foreland, river and stream channels have been significantly transformed by human impact. These transformations result from changing land use in river basins and direct interference with river channels (alluvia extraction, engineering infrastructure, channel straightening). Anthropogenic impacts cause significant changes in the channel system patterns leading to increased impact of erosion. This mainly leads to the channelling of the fluvial system. This article reviews studies of structure and dynamics of Carpathian river

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PANG, H. R., J. L. PING, and L. Z. CHENG. "HIDDEN COLOR CHANNEL EFFECTS TO THE NONSTRANGE SIX-QUARK SYSTEMS." Modern Physics Letters A 24, no. 02 (January 20, 2009): 151–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021773230902667x.

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A transformation table between physical bases including hidden color channels and symmetry bases for nonstrange six-quark systems is provided by using fractional parentage expansion method. By solving a coupled-channel equation, in the framework of the resonating group method (RGM), the effect of hidden color channels to all nonstrange six-quark systems is examined. It is shown that the overall effects from hidden color channels would reduce the energies of systems. For ΔΔ systems, the greatest decrease is about 20 MeV. Effects of hidden color on the masses of NN systems have been found to be

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Ratnakumari, Lingamaneni, and Hugh C. Hemmings. "Inhibition of Presynaptic Sodium Channels by Halothane." Anesthesiology 88, no. 4 (April 1, 1998): 1043–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000542-199804000-00025.

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Background Recent electrophysiologic studies indicate that clinical concentrations of volatile general anesthetic agents inhibit central nervous system sodium (Na+) channels. In this study, the biochemical effects of halothane on Na+ channel function were determined using rat brain synaptosomes (pinched-off nerve terminals) to assess the role of presynaptic Na+ channels in anesthetic effects. Methods Synaptosomes from adult rat cerebral cortex were used to determine the effects of halothane on veratridine-evoked Na+ channel-dependent Na+ influx (using 22Na+), changes in intrasynaptosomal [Na+]

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Tian, Yutao, Florian Ullrich, Rong Xu, Stefan H. Heinemann, Shangwei Hou, and Toshinori Hoshi. "Two distinct effects of PIP2 underlie auxiliary subunit-dependent modulation of Slo1 BK channels." Journal of General Physiology 145, no. 4 (March 30, 2015): 331–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1085/jgp.201511363.

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Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) plays a critical role in modulating the function of numerous ion channels, including large-conductance Ca2+- and voltage-dependent K+ (BK, Slo1) channels. Slo1 BK channel complexes include four pore-forming Slo1 (α) subunits as well as various regulatory auxiliary subunits (β and γ) that are expressed in different tissues. We examined the molecular and biophysical mechanisms underlying the effects of brain-derived PIP2 on human Slo1 BK channel complexes with different subunit compositions that were heterologously expressed in human embryonic kidney

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Fu, Wen-Lung, Lesley M. Wright, and Je-Chin Han. "Rotational Buoyancy Effects on Heat Transfer in Five Different Aspect-Ratio Rectangular Channels With Smooth Walls and 45Degree Ribbed Walls." Journal of Heat Transfer 128, no. 11 (April 6, 2006): 1130–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2352782.

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This paper experimentally studies the effects of the buoyancy force and channel aspect ratio (W:H) on heat transfer in two-pass rotating rectangular channels with smooth walls and 45deg ribbed walls. The channel aspect ratios include 4:1, 2:1, 1:1, 1:2, and 1:4. Four Reynolds numbers are studied: 5000, 10,000, 25,000, and 40,000. The rotation speed is fixed at 550rpm for all tests, and for each channel, two channel orientations are studied: 90deg and 45 or 135deg, with respect to the plane of rotation. The maximum inlet coolant-to-wall density ratio (Δρ∕ρ)inlet is maintained around 0.12. Rib t

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Auclert, Adrien. "Monetary Policy and the Redistribution Channel." American Economic Review 109, no. 6 (June 1, 2019): 2333–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.20160137.

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This paper evaluates the role of redistribution in the transmission mechanism of monetary policy to consumption. Three channels affect aggregate spending when winners and losers have different marginal propensities to consume: an earnings heterogeneity channel from unequal income gains, a Fisher channel from unexpected inflation, and an interest rate exposure channel from real interest rate changes. Sufficient statistics from Italian and US data suggest that all three channels are likely to amplify the effects of monetary policy. (JEL E21, E31, E43, E52)

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Sun, Hui Yong, and Peng Cao. "Researches on Channel Mismatch Effects in Time-Interleaved ADC System." Advanced Materials Research 655-657 (January 2013): 978–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.655-657.978.

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The Time-Interleaved ADC（TIADC) is an effective method for implement ultra high-speed data acquisition. However, the errors of channel mismatch are seriously degrade the signal-to-noise ratio of the system, such as Time-skew error, Gain error and Offset error. This paper have done some researches and analysis, and given the modeling of the three channels mismatch. What's more, it also given a detailed analysis of error and the method of measure it, derived the formula of signal to noise and distortion ratio(SINAD) and spurious free dynamic range(SFDR). All of them provide a reference for the t

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Ratnakumari, L., and H. C. Hemmings. "Effects of Propofol on Sodium Channel-dependent Sodium Influx and Glutamate Release in Rat Cerebrocortical Synaptosomes." Anesthesiology 86, no. 2 (February 1, 1997): 428–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000542-199702000-00018.

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Background Previous electrophysiologic studies have implicated voltage-dependent Na+ channels as a molecular site of action for propofol. This study considered the effects of propofol on Na+ channel-mediated Na+ influx and neurotransmitter release in rat brain synaptosomes (isolated presynaptic nerve terminals). Methods Purified cerebrocortical synaptosomes from adult rats were used to determine the effects of propofol on Na+ influx through voltage-dependent Na+ channels (measured using 22Na+) and intracellular [Na+] (measured by ion-specific spectrofluorimetry). For comparison, the effects of

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Beurg, Maryline, Adam C. Goldring, and Robert Fettiplace. "The effects of Tmc1 Beethoven mutation on mechanotransducer channel function in cochlear hair cells." Journal of General Physiology 146, no. 3 (August 31, 2015): 233–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1085/jgp.201511458.

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Sound stimuli are converted into electrical signals via gating of mechano-electrical transducer (MT) channels in the hair cell stereociliary bundle. The molecular composition of the MT channel is still not fully established, although transmembrane channel–like protein isoform 1 (TMC1) may be one component. We found that in outer hair cells of Beethoven mice containing a M412K point mutation in TMC1, MT channels had a similar unitary conductance to that of wild-type channels but a reduced selectivity for Ca2+. The Ca2+-dependent adaptation that adjusts the operating range of the channel was als

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Phillips, Matthew B., Aparna Nigam, and Jon W. Johnson. "Interplay between Gating and Block of Ligand-Gated Ion Channels." Brain Sciences 10, no. 12 (December 1, 2020): 928. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci10120928.

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Drugs that inhibit ion channel function by binding in the channel and preventing current flow, known as channel blockers, can be used as powerful tools for analysis of channel properties. Channel blockers are used to probe both the sophisticated structure and basic biophysical properties of ion channels. Gating, the mechanism that controls the opening and closing of ion channels, can be profoundly influenced by channel blocking drugs. Channel block and gating are reciprocally connected; gating controls access of channel blockers to their binding sites, and channel-blocking drugs can have profo

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McFarlane, Matthew B., and William F. Gilly. "State-Dependent Nickel Block of a High-Voltage–Activated Neuronal Calcium Channel." Journal of Neurophysiology 80, no. 4 (October 1, 1998): 1678–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1998.80.4.1678.

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McFarlane, Matthew B. and William F. Gilly. State-dependent nickel block of a high-voltage–activated neuronal calcium channel. J. Neurophysiol. 80: 1678–1685, 1998. Effects of nickel ions (Ni2+) on noninactivating calcium channels in squid giant fiber lobe (GFL) neurons were investigated with whole cell voltage clamp. Three different effects of Ni2+ were observed to be associated with distinct Ca2+ channel activation states. 1) Nickel ions appear to stabilize closed channel states and, as a result, slow activation kinetics. 2) Nickel ions block open channels with little voltage dependence over

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