Academic literature on the topic 'Channel Flow with Wall Transpiration'

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Journal articles on the topic "Channel Flow with Wall Transpiration"

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Han, Min Sub. "Thermal Transpiration of Liquid in Nanoscale Channel: A Molecular Dynamics Simulation Study." Key Engineering Materials 364-366 (December 2007): 879–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.364-366.879.

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The liquid flow in nanoscale channel under thermal gradient, or so-called thermal transpiration, is studied by Molecular Dynamics Simulation. The phenomenon was realized in two fluid systems which differed from each other in the methods for applying the temperature gradient. One used heat source and the other wall-heating. The channel was periodic and its walls consisted of two different materials: conducting, high energy wall and non-conducting slip wall. It is shown that the liquid in a periodic channel can effectively be driven by the thermal transpiration. Various characteristics of the fl
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Woodcock, James D., John E. Sader, and Ivan Marusic. "Induced flow due to blowing and suction flow control: an analysis of transpiration." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 690 (November 25, 2011): 366–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2011.441.

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AbstractIt has previously been demonstrated that the drag experienced by a Poiseuille flow in a channel can be reduced by subjecting the flow to a dynamic regime of blowing and suction at the walls of the channel (also known as ‘transpiration’). Furthermore, it has been found to be possible to induce a ‘bulk flow’, or steady motion through the channel, via transpiration alone. In this work, we derive explicit asymptotic expressions for the induced bulk flow via a perturbation analysis. From this we gain insight into the physical mechanisms at work within the flow. The boundary conditions used
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Balaj, Mojtaba, Hassan Akhlaghi, and Ehsan Roohi. "Rarefied gas flow behavior in micro/nanochannels under specified wall heat flux." International Journal of Modern Physics C 26, no. 08 (2015): 1550087. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129183115500874.

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In this paper, we investigate the effects of convective heat transfer on the argon gas flow through micro/nanochannels subject to uniform wall heat flux (UWH) boundary condition using the direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method. Both the hot wall (q wall > 0) and the cold wall (q wall < 0) cases are considered. We consider the effect of wall heat flux on the centerline pressure, velocity profile and mass flow rate through the channel in the slip regime. The effects of rarefaction, property variations and compressibility are considered. We show that UWH boundary condition leads to the
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Avsarkisov, V., M. Oberlack, and S. Hoyas. "New scaling laws for turbulent Poiseuille flow with wall transpiration." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 746 (March 28, 2014): 99–122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2014.98.

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AbstractA fully developed, turbulent Poiseuille flow with wall transpiration, i.e. uniform blowing and suction on the lower and upper walls correspondingly, is investigated by both direct numerical simulation (DNS) of the three-dimensional, incompressible Navier–Stokes equations and Lie symmetry analysis. The latter is used to find symmetry transformations and in turn to derive invariant solutions of the set of two- and multi-point correlation equations. We show that the transpiration velocity is a symmetry breaking which implies a logarithmic scaling law in the core of the channel. DNS valida
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Qian, Kang, Taolue Liu, Fei He, Meng Wang, Longsheng Tang, and Jianxing Zhou. "Numerical Investigation on Radiation Effect in Transpiration Cooling." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2097, no. 1 (2021): 012011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2097/1/012011.

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Abstract This paper proposed a numerical strategy which could achieve the coupled modeling and solving of transpiration cooling with external high-temperature gas flow and especially take the radiation effect into account. Based on the numerical strategy, the heat and mass transfer characteristics of the transpiration cooling in a high-temperature gas channel were studied, and the radiation effect and corresponding influence factors were analyzed. The results indicated that the radiative heat flux takes an important role in the heat transfer between the transpiration cooling and external high-
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Yamaguchi, Hiroki, and Gota Kikugawa. "Thermal Transpiration Flow: Molecular Dynamics Study from Dense to Dilute Gas." Fluids 9, no. 1 (2023): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fluids9010012.

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Thermal transpiration flow, a flow from cold to hot, driven by a temperature gradient along a wall under a high Knudsen number condition, was studied using the molecular dynamics method with a two-dimensional channel consisting of infinite parallel plates with nanoscale clearance based on our previous study. To accelerate the numerical analysis, a dense gas was employed in our previous study. In this study, the influence of the number density of gas was investigated by varying the height of the channel while keeping the number of molecules to achieve the flow ranging from dense to dilute gas w
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QUADRIO, M., J. M. FLORYAN, and P. LUCHINI. "Effect of streamwise-periodic wall transpiration on turbulent friction drag." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 576 (March 28, 2007): 425–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112007004727.

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In this paper a turbulent plane channel flow modified by a distributed transpiration at the wall, with zero net mass flux, is studied through direct numerical simulation (DNS) using the incompressible Navier–Stokes equations. The transpiration is steady, uniform in the spanwise direction, and varies sinusoidally along the streamwise coordinate. The transpiration wavelength is found to dramatically affect the turbulent flow, and in particular the frictional drag. Long wavelengths produce large drag increases even with relatively small transpiration intensities, thus providing an efficient means
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Bae, Hyunji Jane, Adrián Lozano-Durán, Sanjeeb T. Bose, and Parviz Moin. "Dynamic slip wall model for large-eddy simulation." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 859 (November 16, 2018): 400–432. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2018.838.

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Wall modelling in large-eddy simulation (LES) is necessary to overcome the prohibitive near-wall resolution requirements in high-Reynolds-number turbulent flows. Most existing wall models rely on assumptions about the state of the boundary layer and require a priori prescription of tunable coefficients. They also impose the predicted wall stress by replacing the no-slip boundary condition at the wall with a Neumann boundary condition in the wall-parallel directions while maintaining the no-transpiration condition in the wall-normal direction. In the present study, we first motivate and analyse
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Shahzad, Aamir, Wael Al-Kouz, and Waqar A. Khan. "Variable Wall Permeability Effects on Flow and Heat Transfer in a Leaky Channel Containing Water-Based Nanoparticles." Processes 8, no. 4 (2020): 427. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr8040427.

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This work presents the effects of variable wall permeability on two-dimensional flow and heat transfer in a leaky narrow channel containing water-based nanoparticles. The nanofluid is absorbed through the walls with an exponential rate. This situation arises in reverse osmosis, ultrafiltration, and transpiration cooling in industry. The mathematical model is developed by using the continuity, momentum, and energy equations. Using stream function, the transport equations are reduced and solved by using regular perturbation method. The expressions for stream function and temperature distribution
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Sugimoto, Shogo, and Hiroshi Sugimoto. "Thermal transpiration flows induced by differences in accommodation coefficients." Physics of Fluids 34, no. 4 (2022): 042005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0084455.

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The behavior of a rarefied gas between two parallel plates, each having its uniform temperature but having a square wave-like distribution of the accommodation coefficients, is numerically analyzed using the Direct Simulation Monte Carlo method. The gas temperature near the plate becomes close to the plate temperature only if the accommodation coefficient of the wall is large enough. A lower accommodation coefficient leads to the difference between the gas temperature and the adjacent wall. This temperature distribution induces a gas flow similar to the well-known thermal transpiration flow al
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Channel Flow with Wall Transpiration"

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O'Dea, Enda. "Robust control of non-linear 2D and linear 3D disturbances in channel flow by surface transpiration." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2004. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/47092/.

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The attenuation of perturbations in both periodic and non-periodic channel flow is attempted through wall-normal transcription and point wall-shear-stress measurements. The transcription is applied in both continuous harmonic form and a system based on discrete zero-net-mass-flux panel-pair form. For 2D flow it is demonstrated by means of a spectral Galerkin solver, that a simple classical controller with harmonic transpiration is capable of attenuating highly non-linear 2D perturbations. A multiple-input/multiple-output (MIMO) robust control scheme designed for the attenuation of perturbation
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Estejab, Bahareh. "AN INVESTIGATION OF THE REYNOLDS NUMBER DEPENDENCE OF THE NEAR-WALL PEAK IN CANONICAL WALL BOUNDED TURBULENT CHANNEL FLOW." UKnowledge, 2011. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_theses/144.

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An experimental investigation into fully developed high aspect ratio channels was undertaken. A review of the literature reveals that there is a need for accurate measurement of the inner peak value of streamwise turbulence intensity despite the large number of studies already completed. The scattered data on this subject could be attributed either to insufficient channel size (aspect ratio or length) or to hot-wire spatial filtering. A new, high quality, channel flow facility was designed and constructed, considering the most recent geometric limitation provided in the literature. To obtain a
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Polanco, Juan Ignacio. "Lagrangian properties of turbulent channel flow : a numerical study." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE1043/document.

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La perspective lagrangienne, décrivant un écoulement selon les trajectoires de traceurs fluides, est une approche naturelle pour étudier les phénomènes de dispersion dans les écoulements turbulents. En turbulence de paroi, le mouvement des traceurs est influencé par le cisaillement moyen et par une forte inhomogénéité et anisotropie en proche paroi. On étudie les propriétés lagrangiennes d’un écoulement de canal turbulent par simulation numérique directe à un nombre de Reynolds modéré. Les statistiques d’accélération lagrangienne sont comparées aux expériences de suivi de particules réalisées
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Tilton, Nils Guillaume. "The effects of wall permeability on the linear stability of channel flow and the asymptotic suction boundary layer." Thesis, McGill University, 2010. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=86673.

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We investigate the effects of wall permeability on the linear stability of two classical wall-bounded shear flows. In the first part of this thesis, we consider pressure driven, incompressible, fully developed, laminar flow in a channel delimited by rigid, homogeneous, isotropic, porous layers. We consider porous materials of small permeability in which the flow velocity is small and for which the inertial effects can be neglected. We solve the fully coupled, temporal, linear stability problem arising from the adjacent flows in the channel and porous regions. We perform a parametric study in w
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Wang, Fei. "Gas-Solid Fluidization: ECVT Imaging and Mini-/Micro-Channel Flow." The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1290390285.

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Alex, Alvisi, and Perez Adalberto. "Analysis of wall-mounted hot-wire probes." Thesis, KTH, Strömningsmekanik och Teknisk Akustik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-289564.

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Flush-mounted cavity hot-wire probes have been around since two decades, but have typically not been applied as often compared to the traditional wall hot-wires mounted several wire diameters above the surface. While the latter suffer from heat conduction from the hot wire to the substrate in particular when used in air flows, the former is belived to significantly enhance the frequency response of the sensor. The recent work using a cavity hotwire by Gubian et al. (2019) came to the surprising conclusion that the magnitute of the fluctuating wall-shear stress τ+w,rms reaches an asymptotic val
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Choi, Hang Seok. "A Numerical Study on the Turbulent Flow and Heat Transfer in a Channel with a Wavy Undulated Bottom Wall." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/147618.

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Claretti, Roberto. "Heat and fluid flow characterization of a single-hole-per-row impingement channel at multiple impingement heights." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2013. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/5920.

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The present work studies the relationship between target and sidewall surfaces of a multi-row, narrow impingement channel at various jet heights with one impingement hole per row. Temperature sensitive paint and constant flux heaters are used to gather heat transfer data on the target and side walls. Jet-to-target distance is set to 1, 2, 3, 5, 7 and 9 jet diameters. The channel width is 4 jet diameters and the jet stream wise spacing is 5 jet diameters. All cases were run at Reynolds numbers ranging from 5,000 to 30,000. Pressure data is also gathered and used to calculate the channel mass fl
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Helvey, Jacob. "Experimental Investigation of Wall Shear Stress Modifications due to Turbulent Flow over an Ablative Thermal Protection System Analog Surface." UKnowledge, 2015. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/me_etds/57.

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Modifications were made to the turbulent channel flow facility to allow for fully developed rough quasi-2D Poiseuille flow with flow injection through one surface and flow suction through the opposing surface. The combination of roughness and flow injection is designed to be analogous to the flow field over a thermal protection system which produces ablative pyrolysis gases during ablation. It was found that the additional momentum through the surface acted to reduce skin friction to a point below smooth-wall behavior. This effect was less significant with increasing Reynolds number. It was al
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Jana, Chandrima. "Numerical Study of Three-Dimensional Flow Through a Deep Open Channel - Including a Wire-Mesh Segment on One Side Wall." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1321967296.

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Books on the topic "Channel Flow with Wall Transpiration"

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Yuan, S. P. A near-wall Reynolds-stress closure without wall normals. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1997.

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2

C, So Ronald M., and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. A near-wall Reynolds-stress closure without wall normals: Under grant NAG1-1772. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1997.

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C, So Ronald M., and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. A near-wall Reynolds-stress closure without wall normals: Under grant NAG1-1772. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1997.

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C, So Ronald M., and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. A near-wall Reynolds-stress closure without wall normals: Final report ... under grant number NAG-1-1772. College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Arizona State University, 1997.

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C, So Ronald M., and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. A near-wall Reynolds-stress closure without wall normals: Final report ... under grant number NAG-1-1772. College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Arizona State University, 1997.

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C, So Ronald M., and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. A near-wall Reynolds-stress closure without wall normals: Final report ... under grant number NAG-1-1772. College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Arizona State University, 1997.

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C, So Ronald M., and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. A near-wall Reynolds-stress closure without wall normals: Final report ... under grant number NAG-1-1772. College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Arizona State University, 1997.

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1940-, Shih Tsan-Hsing, and Lewis Research Center. Institute for Computational Mechanics in Propulsion., eds. A k-[epsilson] modeling of near wall turbulence. NASA Lewis Research Center, Institute for Computational Mechanics in Propulsion, 1991.

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1940-, Shih Tsan-Hsing, and Lewis Research Center. Institute for Computational Mechanics in Propulsion., eds. A k-[epsilson] modeling of near wall turbulence. NASA Lewis Research Center, Institute for Computational Mechanics in Propulsion, 1991.

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1940-, Shih Tsan-Hsing, and Lewis Research Center. Institute for Computational Mechanics in Propulsion, eds. A k-[epsilson] modeling of near wall turbulence. NASA Lewis Research Center, Institute for Computational Mechanics in Propulsion, 1991.

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Book chapters on the topic "Channel Flow with Wall Transpiration"

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Breugem, Wim-Paul, and Bendiks-Jan Boersma. "Turbulent Channel Flow over a Permeable Wall." In Direct and Large-Eddy Simulation V. Springer Netherlands, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-2313-2_52.

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Milici, B., M. De Marchis, G. Sardina, and E. Napoli. "Particle-Laden Turbulent Channel Flow with Wall-Roughness." In Direct and Large-Eddy Simulation IX. Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-14448-1_82.

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Anika, Nisat Nowroz, and L. Djenidi. "Electroosmotic Effects on Rough Wall Micro-channel Flow." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing. Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-74808-5_55.

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Rastegari, Amirreza, and Rayhaneh Akhavan. "Structure and Dynamics of Turbulence in Super-Hydrophobic Channel Flow." In Progress in Wall Turbulence 2. Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20388-1_32.

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Birch, David M., and Jonathan F. Morrison. "Large Roughness Effects in Channel Flow." In IUTAM Symposium on The Physics of Wall-Bounded Turbulent Flows on Rough Walls. Springer Netherlands, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9631-9_23.

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McKeon, Beverley J. "Turbulent Channel Flow over Model “Dynamic” Roughness." In IUTAM Symposium on The Physics of Wall-Bounded Turbulent Flows on Rough Walls. Springer Netherlands, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9631-9_12.

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Dash, Alokjyoti, and Aurovinda Mohanty. "A Mathematical Study on Optimum Wall-to-Wall Thickness in Solar Chimney-Shaped Channel Using CFD." In Numerical Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow. Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-1903-7_4.

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Birch, David M., and Jonathan F. Morrison. "Scaling of Turbulence Structures in Very-Rough-Wall Channel Flow." In ERCOFTAC Series. Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9603-6_42.

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Medina, Jaime A. Toro, Benjamin Cruz Perez, and S. Leonardi. "Turbulent Channel Flow with Λ-Shape Turbulators on One Wall." In Direct and Large-Eddy Simulation VII. Springer Netherlands, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-3652-0_46.

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Cabrit, O., and F. Nicoud. "DNS of a Periodic Channel Flow with Isothermal Ablative Wall." In Direct and Large-Eddy Simulation VII. Springer Netherlands, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-3652-0_5.

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Conference papers on the topic "Channel Flow with Wall Transpiration"

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Taheri, Peyman, and Majid Bahrami. "Thermal Transpiration Flow in Annular Microchannels." In ASME 2012 10th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels collocated with the ASME 2012 Heat Transfer Summer Conference and the ASME 2012 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icnmm2012-73006.

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Thermal transpiration flows of rarefied gases in annular channels are considered, where the driving force for the flow is a temperature gradient applied in the channel walls. The influence of gas rarefaction, aspect ratio of the annulus, and surface accommodation coefficient on mass and heat transfer in the process are investigated. For this, the linearized Navier–Stokes–Fourier (NSF) and regularized 13-moment (R13) equations are solved analytically, and a closed-form expression for Knudsen boundary layers is obtained. The results are compared to available solutions of the Boltzmann equation t
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Wong, C. Channy, Mary L. Hudson, Donald L. Potter, and Tim J. Bartel. "Gas Transport by Thermal Transpiration in Micro-Channels: A Numerical Study." In ASME 1998 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1998-1246.

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Abstract A reliable micro gas pump is an essential element to the development of many micro-systems for chemical gas analyses. At Sandia, we are exploring a different pumping mechanism, gas transport by thermal transpiration. Thermal transpiration refers to the rarefied gas dynamics developed in a micro-channel with a longitudinal temperature gradient. To investigate the potential of thermal transpiration for gas pumping in micro-systems, we have performed simulations and model analysis to design micro-devices and to assess their design performance before the fabrication process. Our effort is
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Leontidis, Vlasios, Lucien Baldas, and Stéphane Colin. "Numerical Simulation of Thermal Transpiration in the Slip Flow Regime With Curved Walls." In ASME 2012 10th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels collocated with the ASME 2012 Heat Transfer Summer Conference and the ASME 2012 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icnmm2012-73034.

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Nowadays, modeling gas flows in the slip flow regime through microchannels can be achieved using commercial Computational Fluid Dynamics codes. In this regime the Navier-Stokes equations with appropriate boundary conditions are still valid. A simulation procedure has been developed for the modeling of thermal creep flow using ANSYS Fluent®. The implementation of the boundary conditions is achieved by developing User Defined Functions (UDFs) by means of C++ routines. The complete first order velocity slip boundary condition, including the thermal creep effects due to an axial temperature gradie
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Sun, Jiaqi, and XinRong Zhang. "Molecular Mechanism of Water Transport Through Cellulose Cell Wall Matrix." In ASME 2019 6th International Conference on Micro/Nanoscale Heat and Mass Transfer. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/mnhmt2019-4031.

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Abstract In plant living tissue, water can flow across cells by different paths, through cell membranes (transcellular path) and plasmodesmata (symplastic path), or through the continuous cell walls matrix (apoplastic path). The relative contribution of these three paths in living tissue is currently unclear and could vary according to species, tissue developmental stage or physiological conditions. Experiments suggested that apoplastic water movement predominates during transpiration. The objective of this study was to investigate the hydraulic process of cellulose cell wall pathway. The effe
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Bewley, Thomas R., and Ole Morten Aamo. "On the Search for Fundamental Performance Limitations in Fluid-Mechanical Systems." In ASME 2002 Joint U.S.-European Fluids Engineering Division Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2002-31063.

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A simple pressure-based feedback control strategy for wall-transpiration control of incompressible unsteady 2D channel flow was recently investigated by Aamo, Krstic, & Bewley (2001). Nonlinear 2D channel flow simulations which implemented this control strategy resulted in flow transients with instantaneous drag far lower than that of the corresponding laminar flow. The present note examines the physical mechanism by which this very low level of instantaneous drag was attained. It then explores the possibility of achieving sustained drag reductions to below the laminar level by initiating
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Abdulhameed, Mohammed, Ishak Hashim, Habibi Saleh, and Rozaini Roslan. "Optimal series solution for mixed convection flow of third grade viscoelastic fluid in a channel with walls transpiration." In PROCEEDINGS OF THE 3RD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES. AIP Publishing LLC, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4882517.

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Vigdorovich, I. I., and M. Oberlack. "Turbulent Poiseuille flow with wall transpiration." In Turbulence, Heat and Mass Transfer 6. Proceedings of the Sixth International Symposium On Turbulence, Heat and Mass Transfer. Begellhouse, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/ichmt.2009.turbulheatmasstransf.620.

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Bandeira, F. J. S., Juliana Braga Rodrigues Loureiro, and Atila P. Silva Freire. "Statistics of slug flow subjected to wall transpiration." In THMT-15. Proceedings of the Eighth International Symposium On Turbulence Heat and Mass Transfer. Begellhouse, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/ichmt.2015.thmt-15.1360.

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anbarlooei, hamidreza, Atila Pantaleão Silva Freire, and Milena Rempto. "Direct Numerical Simulations of Pipe Flow With Wall Transpiration." In 24th ABCM International Congress of Mechanical Engineering. ABCM, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.26678/abcm.cobem2017.cob17-2178.

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Avsarkisov, V. S., Martin Oberlack, and Sergio Hoyas. "NEW SCALING LAWS FOR TURBULENT POISEUILLE FLOW WITH WALL TRANSPIRATION." In Eighth International Symposium on Turbulence and Shear Flow Phenomena. Begellhouse, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/tsfp8.1500.

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Reports on the topic "Channel Flow with Wall Transpiration"

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D. M. McEligot, G. E. Mc Creery, and P. Meakin. Rivulet Flow In Vertical Parallel-Wall Channel. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/911267.

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