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Ignatyeva, Maria. "Identification et caractérisation de HIRIP3 comme nouveau chaperon d'histone H2A." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAJ028.
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Le génome des cellules eucaryotes est empaqueté dans la chromatine, dont l’établissement et la maintenance nécessitent des processus d’assemblage et de remodelage. Ce travail de thèse a été consacré à la caractérisation de deux facteurs de la machinerie d’assemblage de la chromatine. Le premier facteur étudié dans ce travail était HIRIP3, un homologue mammifère de la levure H2A.Z chaperon Chz1. Nous voulions vérifier si HIRIP3 est une chaperon d'histone par elle-même. Pour commencer, nous avons décrit l'interaction de HIRIP3 avec les histones in vivo. Ensuite, nous avons étudié la spécificité structurale de cette interaction in vitro. Nous avons caractérisé HIRIP3 comme une nouvelle chaperon d'histone H2A qui utilise le motif CHZ pour sa fonction. La deuxième partie de ce travail a été axée sur le complexe de remodelage de la chromatine SRCAP. Nous avons cherché à décoder son réseau d'interaction et à décrire ses sous-complexes. Nous avons reconstitué le complexe de base YL1, SRCAP, TIP49A, TIP49B et H2A.Z / H2B en utilisant le système d'expression chez baculovirus. Notre protocole nous a permis de purifier un complexe de base adapté aux futures études structurelles par microscopie cryo-électroniqueThe genome of eukaryotic cells is packaged into chromatin, which establishment and maintenance require mechanisms of assembly and remodelling. This thesis work was dedicated to the characterization of two factors of chromatin assembly machinery. The first factor studied in this work was HIRIP3, a mammalian homologue of yeast H2A.Z chaperone Chz1. We aimed to test whether HIRIP3 is a histone chaperone by itself. At first, we established HIRIP3 interaction with histones in vivo. After then, we studied the structural specificity of this interaction in vitro. We have characterized HIRIP3 as a novel H2A histone chaperone that utilizes the CHZ motif for its function. The second part of this work was focused on SRCAP chromatin remodelling complex. We aimed to decipher its interaction network and to describe its sub-complexes. We have reconstituted YL1, SRCAP, TIP49A, TIP49B and H2A.Z/H2B core complex using baculovirus expression system. Our protocol allowed us to purify core complex suitable for future structural studies by cryo-electron microscopy
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Junior, Sergio Luiz Ramos. "Caracterização da chaperona Hsp100 de Leishmania braziliensis: estudos estruturais e funcionais." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/75/75133/tde-10102018-162854/.
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A leishmaniose é uma doença tropical negligenciada que afeta milhares de pessoas podendo até levar a óbito em sua forma visceral. Durante o seu ciclo de vida, o parasita passa por diversas mudanças ambientais como mudança de temperatura e pH, principalmente quando da transfecção do inseto vetor para o hospedeiro mamífero. Tais mudanças geram estresse celular que pode levar proteínas ao enovelamento incorreto assim como a processos agregativos, sendo necessários sistemas de controle de qualidade proteico para manter a homeostase celular, do qual fazem parte as chaperonas moleculares. Chaperonas como a Hsp100, ajudam a manter a homeostase celular e a adaptação desempenhando um papel importante para protozoários como a Leishmania braziliensis, causador da leishmaniose. A Hsp100 tem papel desagregase, atuando com outras chaperonas moleculares para a extração de polipeptídios de agregados proteicos possibilitando seu desenovelamento e posterior reenovelamento, evitando seu efeito tóxico sobre a célula. A Hsp100 parece ser essencial para esses microrganismos, no entanto não há muito dados disponíveis para Hsp100 em Leishmania sp. e Plasmodium sp. Neste trabalho está descrito o protocolo para expressão e purificação da Hsp100 recombinante de L. braziliensis (rLbHsp100), assim como sua caracterização estrutural e funcional inicial in vitro. A proteína foi analisada por espectropolarimetria de dicroísmo circular, apresentando estrutura típica de proteínas ricas em hélices α, a fluorescência estática de triptofano demonstrou que a proteína possui estrutura terciária local com seus triptofanos parcialmente expostos ao solvente. Por cromatografia de exclusão molecular analítica, observou-se que a LbHsp100 se comporta como um oligômero cujo estado é influenciado tanto pela concentração proteica como pela presença de nucleotídeos adenosina. Análises por ultracentrifugação analítica evidenciaram que a rLbHsp100 em solução apresenta um equilíbrio de diversas espécies havendo deslocamento para um hexâmero de maneira concentração dependente. Análises de SAXS confirmaram a estrutura hexamérica e proporcionaram a obtenção de um modelo ab initio da proteína. Através de microscopia eletrônica de transmissão pode-se observar a forma toróide e a dispersividade do sistema. Por fim, atestou-se que a proteína foi obtida funcional com fraca atividade ATPásica, apresentando também interações com nucleotídeos adenosina (ATP e ADP) assim como com a suramina.Leishmaniasis is a neglected tropical disease that affects thousands of people and may even lead to death in its visceral form. During its life cycle, the parasite undergoes several environmental changes such as temperature and pH changes, especially when transfecting from the vector insect into the mammalian host. Such changes generate a cellular stress that can lead to misfolding as well as to aggregative processes, therefore a protein quality control system is necessary to maintain cell homeostasis, which includes molecular chaperones. Chaperones such as Hsp100 can help maintain cellular homeostasis and adaptation playing an important role for protozoa such as Leishmania braziliensis, which causes leishmaniasis. The Hsp100 has a disaggregase action, acting with other proteins of the chaperone system to extract polypeptides from protein aggregates, allowing their unfolding and subsequent refolding, avoiding their toxic effect on the cell. Hsp100 appears to be essential for these microorganisms, however there is not much data available for Hsp100 in Leishmania sp. and Plasmodium sp. This work describes the protocol for expression and purification of the recombinant Hsp100 of Leishmania braziliensis (rLbHsp100), as well as its initial in vitro characterization. The protein was analyzed by circular dichroism spectropolarimetry, presenting a typical structure of ?-helix rich protein as well as a concentration-dependent structure gain, static fluorescence of tryptophan demonstrated that the protein has local tertiary structure with its tryptophans partially exposed to the solvent. Analytical size exclusion chromatography showed that LbHsp100 behaves as an oligomer whose state is influenced by both the concentration and the presence of adenosine nucleotides. Analysis by analytical ultracentrifugation has shown that the rLbHsp100 in solution exhibits an equilibrium of several species shifting towards a hexamer in a concentration dependent manner. SAXS analyzes confirm the hexameric structure and had provide an ab initio model for the protein. Transmission electron microscopy shows the toroidal form and dispersivity of the system. Finally, the obtained protein had showed catalytic function, and also interacted with adenosine nucleotides (ATP and ADP) as well as suramine.
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Richter, Klaus. "Die ATP-Hydrolyse des molekularen Chaperons Hsp90 und ihre Regulation durch Co-Chaperone." [S.l. : s.n.], 2003. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=970225741.
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Etchells, Stephanie Anne. "Examination of eukaryotic chaperonin-mediated nascent chain folding in the cytosol: a photocrosslinking approach." Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/1170.
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TRiC (TCP-1 ring complex), a type II chaperonin, facilitates protein folding, and we previously showed that TRiC crosslinks to ribosome-bound actin and luciferase nascent chains. Here, it was found that actin and luciferase nascent chains were adjacent to more than one TRiC subunit at different stages of translation. Six and seven out of the eight TRiC subunits were photocrosslinked to the luciferase and actin nascent chains, respectively. Actin nascent chains with widely-spaced, site-specific probe locations were adjacent to the same three TRiC subunits (a, b and e) at different stages of translation. The exposure of other TRiC subunits to nascent chains varied with the length and identity of the nascent chain. In addition, the presence or absence of ATP influences the photocrosslinking yields. This suggests that ATP alters the conformation of the subunits and/or their affinity for the nascent chain. Photocrosslinking also revealed that TRiC is in close proximity to the exit site of the ribosomal tunnel, presumably to create a protected folding environment for the nascent chain.
Immunoprecipitations under native conditions revealed that prefoldin photocrosslinks to the actin nascent chain and that these prefoldin-containing photoadducts are coimmunoprecipitated with antibodies specific for the TRiC a subunit. This result suggests that prefoldin and TRiC bind simultaneously to the same actin nascent chain. Photocrosslinking studies with probes at position 68 in the actin nascent chain revealed that prefoldin binds to the nascent chain subsequently to TRiC binding.
An unknown protein with an apparent molecular mass of 105 kDa was shown to photocrosslink to the luciferase nascent chain in a length-dependent manner at specific probe locations close to the N-terminus of the nascent chain.
Thus, the nascent chain sees a variety of proteins in its immediate environment as it emerges from the ribosomal tunnel and undergoes its chaperonin-assisted folding.
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Gomes, Francisco Edvan Rodrigues. "Clonagem, expressão e estudo de 3 co-chaperonas de Leishmania braziliensis." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/75/75132/tde-16092011-160310/.
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A leishmaniose é uma enfermidade infecciosa causada por várias espécies de parasitas do gênero Leishmania e representa um dos principais problemas de saúde pública nos países subdesenvolvidos. No hospedeiro, a sobrevivência do protozoário causador dessa doença depende de uma classe especial de proteínas, as chaperonas moleculares ou proteínas de choque térmico como também são conhecidas. A função dessas proteínas é auxiliar no processo de enovelamento protéico, no transporte de proteínas entre as membranas e em muitas outras importantes funções celulares. Neste processo, as chaperonas moleculares são auxiliadas pelas suas co-chaperonas que desempenham função de destaque. Dentre as principais famílias de chaperonas moleculares temos as Hsp70 e as Hsp90 com suas respectivas co-chaperonas, as Hsp40 e a Aha1. O presente trabalho pretendeu inicialmente expressar e purificar as co-chaperonas moleculares Hsp40I e Hsp40II de L. braziliensis para realizar estudos de caracterização estrutural por meio das técnicas de dicroísmo circular e fluorescência. Contudo, a insolubilidade dessas proteínas, que pode ter sido causada pela presença de mutações nas sequências de DNA, motivou a caracterização de outra co-chaperona, a Aha1 de L. braziliensis (LbAha1). A LbAha1 foi expressa no sobrenadante celular e purificada por três etapas cromatográficas (troca aniônica, afinidade por íons cálcio e gel filtração). A análise da sequência de aminoácidos dessa proteína mostra que ela possui 9 resíduos de triptofano distribuídos nos dois domínios característicos da LbAha1. Estudos de desnaturação química por uréia, monitorados pelas técnicas de dicroísmo circular e fluorescência, mostram que os dois domínios da LbAha1 apresentam estabilidades diferentes. Os estudos estruturais realizados permitiram identificar as transições com o respectivo domínio.Leishmaniasis is an infectious disease caused by several species of Leishmania species and represents major public health problems in developing countries. In the harborer, the survival of the parasite that cause this disease depends on a special class of proteins, molecular chaperones or heat shock proteins as they are also known. The function of these proteins is to assist in protein folding, transport of proteins and many other important cellular functions. In this process the molecular chaperones are helped by their co-chaperones that play a prominent role. Among the main families of molecular chaperones, there are Hsp70 and Hsp90 with their respective co-chaperones, Hsp40 and the Aha1. The present work, initially pretended to express and purify the molecular co-chaperones Hsp40I and Hsp40II of the L. braziliensis for structural characterization by spectroscopic techniques like fluorescence and circular dichroism. However, the insolubility of these proteins, possibly caused by the presence of mutations in their DNA sequences, led to the characterization of another co-chaperone, the Aha1 of the L. braziliensis. These proteins were expressed in the cell supernatant and purified by three chromatographic steps (anion exchange, affinity for calcium ions and gel filtration). The analysis of the DNA sequence of this protein shows that it has nine Trp residues distributed between the two domains and by urea denaturation studies monitored by fluorescence techniques and circular dichroism show that they have different stabilities.
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Murakami, Letícia Maria Zanphorlin 1984. "Hsp90 humana : interação com a co-chaperona Tom70 e efeito do celastrol na estrutura e função." [s.n.], 2014. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/249751.
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Orientador: Carlos Henrique Inácio RamosTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Química
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Resumo: Chaperonas moleculares e proteínas de choque térmico (Heat shock protein, Hsp) atuam contra a agregação e o enovelamento incorreto de proteínas, que são os agentes causais de doenças neurodegenerativas, como por exemplo, Alzheimer e Parkinson. A Hsp90 é uma das mais importantes chaperonas moleculares, considerada essencial para a viabilidade celular em eucariotos, pois está associada com a maturação de proteínas atuantes na sinalização e ciclo celular. Além disso, foi demonstrado que a Hsp90 está envolvida na estabilização do fenótipo tumoral de diversos tipos de câncer, destacando a sua importância biomédica. A interação com co-chaperonas, proteínas auxiliares das chaperonas, permite que a Hsp90 atue como uma proteína "hub", ou seja, um ponto central de regulação de diversas proteínas. Muitas dessas co-chaperonas possuem um ou mais domínios do tipo TPR (do inglês, tetratricopeptide repeat) que interagem com o C-terminal da Hsp90. No presente projeto de doutorado, investigamos as características estruturais e termodinâmicas da interação entre o domínio C-terminal da Hsp90 (C-Hsp90) e a co-chaperona TPR Tom70 humana, utilizando técnicas de reação-cruzada acoplada à espectrometria de massas (LC-MS/MS), calorimetria de titulação isotérmica (ITC), espalhamento de raios-X à baixos ângulos (SAXS) e modelagem molecular. Os resultados de LC-MS/MS e ITC evidenciaram novas regiões na interação do complexo C-Hsp90/Tom70 que envolve a hélice A7 presente na Tom70 e experimentos de SAXS revelaram a estrutura em baixa resolução das proteínas C-Hsp90, Tom70 e do complexo C-Hsp90/Tom70. Além disso, investigamos o efeito do celastrol, um composto com potencial atividade anti-câncer, na conformação e na função da Hsp90. Na presença do composto, a Hsp90 sofre um processo de oligomerização e a natureza dos oligômeros foi determinada por ferramentas bioquímicas e biofísicas, tais como espalhamento dinâmico de luz (DLS), cromatografia de exclusão molecular analítica acoplada a espalhamento de luz em multiângulos (SEC-MALS) e eletroforese em gel nativo. Interessantemente, a oligomerização induzida pelo celastrol não afetou a atividade de proteção da Hsp90 contra a agregação protéica e a capacidade de ligação as co-chaperonas com enovelamento tipo TPR. Este é o primeiro trabalho a apontar um possível mecanismo para a ação do celastrol sobre a Hsp90. Coletivamente, nossos resultados e descobertas contribuem para uma melhor compreensão dos mecanismos moleculares relacionados à interação entre chaperonas e co-chaperonas, bem como, chaperonas e potenciais ligantes.
Abstract: Molecular chaperones and heat shock proteins (Hsp) act against protein aggregation and misfolding, which are the causal agents of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer and Parkinson. Hsp90 is one of the most important molecular chaperones, considered essential for cell viability in eukaryotes, since it is associated with the maturation of proteins involved in cell cycle and signaling. In addition, it was demonstrated that Hsp90 is implicated in the stabilization of the tumor phenotype of various types of cancer, highlighting its biomedical importance. The interaction with co-chaperones, auxiliary proteins of chaperones, allows that Hsp90 acts as a hub, being a central point for regulation of several other proteins. Many of these co-chaperones have one or more TPR domains that interact with the C-terminus of Hsp90. In this PhD project, we investigated structural and thermodynamic characteristics of the interaction between the C-terminus domain of Hsp90 (C-Hsp90) and the TPR co-chaperone human Tom70, using techniques of cross-linking coupled with mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and molecular modeling. The results of LC-MS/MS and ITC revealed new regions involved in the interaction of the C-Hsp90 with Tom70, which encompasses the A7 helix from Tom70, and SAXS experiments unveiled the low resolution structure of the proteins C-Hsp90, Tom70 and the C-Hsp90/Tom70 complex. In addition, we investigated the effect of celastrol, a compound with a potential anti-cancer activity, on the conformation and function of Hsp90. In the presence of celastrol, Hsp90 undergoes oligomerization and the nature of the oligomers was determined by biochemical and biophysical tools such as dynamic light scattering (DLS), size-exclusion chromatography coupled to multi-angle light scattering (SEC-MALS) and native gel electrophoresis. Interestingly, the celastrol-induced oligomerization did not affect the protective activities of Hsp90 against protein aggregation or the capacity to bind TPR co-chaperones. This is the first study to point out a possible mechanism for the action of celastrol on Hsp90. Collectively, our findings contribute to a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms associated to the interaction between chaperones and co-chaperones, as well as chaperones and potential ligands
Doutorado
Quimica Organica
Doutora em Ciências
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Klunker, Daniel. "Chaperon-vermittelte Proteinfaltung in Archaea strukturelle und funktionelle Charakterisierung von MtGimC, einem hochkonservierten neuartigen Chaperon, MmGroEL, GroES, einem Gruppe-I-Chaperonin in Archaea /." [S.l. : s.n.], 2003. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=969891806.
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Molina, Roberto Augusto Silva. "Caracterização da distribuição subcelular e tecidual da proteína KIAA0090 e estudos de seu envolvimento em câncer e resposta a estresses." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/17/17136/tde-19072010-140649/.
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O gene humano KIAA0090 mapeia uma região cromossômica (1p36.13) com freqüentes aberrações em cânceres humanos e é superexpresso em muitos tipos de tumores. É um gene altamente complexo cujas seqüências de cDNA oriundas de bases de dados públicas apóiam a existência de mais de 20 transcritos alternativos. Sua RefSeq prediz a codificação de uma proteína altamente conservada com 993aa, cujo ortólogo em S. cerevisae (ECM1) foi proposto recentemente atuar no enovelamento de proteínas transmembrana no retículo endoplasmático (RE). O objetivo deste trabalho foi adquirir conhecimento sobre a localização e função da proteína KIAA0090, em células e tecidos normais e tumorais, bem como em células expostas a estresse. Geramos anticorpos policlonais (anti-K2) contra a metade C-terminal da proteína e comparamos seu padrão ao tratamento obtido com o anticorpo (anti-K1), previamente gerado contra a metade N-terminal. A proteína endógena foi localizada primariamente no Golgi e na mitocôndria, dependendo se o anticorpo utilizado foi contra a região N- ou C-terminal, respectivamente. Observamos também, embora menos notável, uma marcação sobreposta com a rede do RE e na margem celular, e variáveis graus de marcação dentro do núcleo e associada a pequenas partículas citoplasmáticas. A análise imunohistoquímica forneceu evidências que a KIAA0090 é ubiquamente epressa. O anti-K2 marcou estruturas semelhantes a Golgi em todo tipo celular, predominando assim naquelas com Golgi mais visíveis, como células secretórias. Observamos para a maioria dos tecidos uma marcação leve a moderada para o anti-K1, mas uma forte marcação foi encontrada em grupos restritos de células, como as células reticulares do timo, epitélio ductal das glândulas da língua e na lâmina basal do epitélio escamoso na zona de transição esôfago-gástrica. Em cortes histológicos de melanoma primário, observamos uma forte marcação para o anti-K1, principalmente em vasos e em células invasoras na margem do tumor, enquanto o anti-K2 mostrou um padrão sugestivo de infiltrado inflamatório e/ou células mesenquimais. Em tecidos de câncer de mama, vimos uma forte marcação nas células de carcinoma ductal em comparação ao epitélio ductal normal para o anti-K2, ao passo que o anti-K1, marcou fortemente vasos e células basais no epitélio de revestimento glandular, tanto no tecido normal como no tumoral. Utilizando uma matriz com amostras teciduais de câncer de mama obtidas de 96 pacientes, observamos uma marcação forte a moderada para o anti-K1 em 84% dos casos, enquanto 16% dos casos não apresentaram marcação. Notamos que os casos positivos para o anti-K1 estavam 100, 85 e 71% entre os casos de grade 1, 2 e 3, respectivamente, sugerindo uma tendência de perda da KIAA0090 associada à progressão do câncer de mama. Foi interessante notar que a brefeldina A e MG132 alteraram os níveis de RNAm da KIAA0090 e levaram à redistribuição da proteína endógena. Outros tratamentos de estresse, incluindo tunicamicina, complexo de rutênio doador de óxido nítrico e etoposídeo, também alteraram o padrão de distribuição da proteína. Este estudo fornece evidências preliminares que corroboram os resultados obtidos de estudos de expressão gênica em larga escala, fortalecendo os indícios de que a KIAA0090 desenvolve um papel na homeostase celular e está envolvida no câncer.Human KIAA0090 gene maps to a chromosomal region (1p36.13) with frequent aberrations in cancer and is overexpressed in many tumor types. It is a highly complex gene with cDNA sequences in databases supporting the occurrence of more than 20 alternative transcripts. The RefSeq transcript is predicted to encode a highly conserved 993 aa transmembrane protein whose S. cerevisiae ortolog (EMC1) was recently proposed to function on transmembrane protein folding in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The aim of this work was to gain insight into the localization and function of KIAA0090 protein, in normal and tumor cells and tissues, as well as in cells exposed to stress treatments. We raised a polyclonal antibody (anti-K2) to the C-terminal half of the protein and compared its pattern of staining with an antibody (anti-K1) previously generated in our laboratory to the N-terminal half. The endogenous protein was primarily localized either to mitochondria or Golgi, depending whether the antibody used was to the N- or C-terminal, respectively. Also, less conspicuous staining overlapped with the ER network and cell margin, and variable degrees of labeling was observed within the nucleus and associated to small cytoplasmic particles. Immunohistochemistry survey provided evidence that the KIAA0090 protein is ubiquitously expressed. Anti-K2 labeled in a Golgi-like pattern in every cell type, predominating in those with more conspicuous Golgi, such as secretory cells. Faint to moderate anti-K1 staining was found in most tissues, but very strong staining was seen in restricted groups of cells, such as thymus reticular cells, ductal epithelium of salivary lingual glands and the basal layer of the squamous epithelium in the esophagus-gastric transition zone. In histological sections of primary melanomas, we observed a strong staining for the anti-K1, mostly in vessels and at the invasive tumor margin, while the anti-K2 showed a staining pattern suggestive of infiltrating inflammatory and mesenchymal cells. In breast tissues, stronger staining was seen in ductal carcinoma cells in comparison to normal ductal epithelium for anti-K2 antibody, whereas anti-K1 strongly marked vessels and basal cells in epithelia lining glandular ducts both in normal and tumor tissues. Using a tissue array of breast cancer samples obtained from 96 patients, we observed strong to moderate staining for anti-K1 in 84% of the samples and lack of staining in 16%, interestingly anti-K1 positive cases were 100, 85 and 71% among cases of grades 1, 2 and 3, respectively, suggesting a tendency of KIAA0090 loss associated with breast cancer progression. A positive correlation was found with estrogen receptor expression and the opposite for HER2. Interestingly, Brefeldin A and MG132 altered KIAA0090 mRNA levels and caused endogenous KIAA0090 protein to redistribute. Other stress treatments, including tunicamycin, a ruthenium complex nitric oxide donor and etoposide, also altered KIAA0090 distribution. This study supports the notion that KIAA0090 play a role in cellular homeostasis and is involved in cancer.
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Moosavi, Behrooz. "The Role of Molecular Chaperone Hsp104 and its Co-chaperones in the Yeast [PSI+] Propagation." Thesis, University of Kent, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.499804.
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Genest, Olivier. "Les chaperons dédiés à la biogénèse des molybdoenzymes : étude du couple chaperon TorD - molybdoenzyme TorA chez Escherichia coli." Aix-Marseille 2, 2008. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/2008AIX22087.pdf.
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Les molybdoenzymes sont des métalloprotéines dont le site actif est constitué d’un cofacteur à molybdène. Ces molybdoenzymes sont retrouvées chez tous les êtres vivants, des bactéries à l’homme. Leur biogenèse est un processus complexe qui nécessite la présence de protéines chaperons spécifiques. Au cours de ma thèse, j’ai étudié le rôle de la protéine chaperon TorD dans la biogenèse de la molybdoenzyme TorA chez Escherichia coli. TorA est l’enzyme terminale périplasmique de la chaîne respiratoire triméthylamine oxyde (TMAO) réductase. J’ai montré que le chaperon spécifique TorD, localisé dans le cytoplasme, est essentiel à la protection de la forme non mature de TorA (apoTorA) lors d’un stress thermique ou d’une carence en cofacteur à molybdène. En effet, l’absence de TorD dans ces conditions entraîne la dégradation complète de l’apoprotéine. J’ai également montré que la séquence signal Tat de TorA, qui permet l’export de la protéine vers le périplasme est hypersensible à la dégradation par les protéases. Cette séquence signal pourrait être une voie d’entrée pour les protéases qui ensuite dégraderaient l’ensemble de l’apoenzyme. TorD en interagissant avec la séquence signal de TorA empêche cette première dégradation et permet donc la protection de l’apoenzyme. TorD se lie également à la partie globulaire d’poTorA. Par cette interaction, TorD permet une maturation optimale de l’apoenzyme. Les acides aminés de TorD impliqués dans cette interaction ont été déterminés après mutagenèse aléatoire. Ils sont localisés dans la cinquième hélice de TorD. J’ai également montré que TorD présente un rôle de plate-forme sur laquelle se lie le précurseur du cofacteur à molybdène et l’enzyme MobA permettant la synthèse de la forme mature du cofacteur. Après catalyse, cette forme mature du cofacteur qui se lie à TorD peut être délivrée à l’apoenzyme TorA. Ainsi, TorD connecte tous les éléments nécessaires à la maturation de TorA : d’une part il interagit avec le cofacteur à molybdène et d’autre part avec l’apoenzyme. Nous proposons donc que TorD interagisse à proximité du site actif de TorA pour y délivrer directement le cofacteur à molybdèneT-ALL is a lymphoid neoplasia that accounts for 10-15% of pediatric ALL and 25% of adult ALL. Alarmingly, and despite indisputable success achieved in treatments its incidence is increasing and its prognostic remains pejorative. Survival rate outcome depend notably on a better understanding in pathogenic mechanisms. In this context, the thesis work has been the following: 1) Based on the observation that rare chromosomal SJ keep on recombining in cis using V(D)J recombination, we hypothesized that episomal SJ (ESJ) still remain reactives and can undergo genomic reintegration. We show that mechanistically, ESJ efficiently rearrange in trans and that the cRSS, the sequences targeted in oncogenic chromosomal translocations, are good ESJ integration sites. Moreover, we demonstrate the presence of ESJ reintegration events in vivo and estimate their frequency to ~1/104-6. In conclusion, ESJ reintegration is a potential mechanism of oncogenic deregulation. 2) Conventional and illegitimate V(D)J recombination events (e. G. Translocations) are ordered during lymphocyte development. Based on our knowledge on chromosomal translocation mechanisms, we determine the kinetics of a subset of oncogenic activations acquired during the transformation process in a T-ALL patient’s leukemic cells. Moreover, we identified up to 10 independent oncogenic events in this patient, illustrating the multi-hit characteristic of T-ALL. Finally, the oncogenic event’s functional impact suggests that cMyc play an important role in the particularly aggressive features of the T-ALL developed by this patient
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Dhavale, Madhura Vinayak. "Role of Molecular Chaperonin CCT and Its Co-Chaperone PhLP1 in the Assembly of mTOR Complexes." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2017. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/6942.
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mTOR is the central kinase in biochemical pathways that regulate cellular growth, protein synthesis and cell survival. Deregulation of mTOR signaling results in uncontrolled cell proliferation and hence is implicated in various cancers and autoimmune diseases. mTOR functions through two distinct signaling complexes, called mTORC1 and mTORC2. CCT is a cytosolic chaperonin that assists in folding of several protein substrates. In these studies, we have identified two components of the mTOR complexes, mLST8 and Raptor, as substrates of CCT. We have performed biochemical and signaling studies which indicate that CCT is involved in assembly and signaling of mTOR complexes by folding β-propeller domains of mLST8 and Raptor. We have also obtained high resolution structural information of the mLST8-CCT complex by cryo-EM and mass spectrometric cross-linking. Moreover, we have explored the role of PhLP1 as a co-chaperone for CCT in the assembly of mTOR complexes. Interestingly, we found that PhLP1 plays very different roles in the case of mLST8 and Raptor. While PhLP1 participate in assembly of mLST8 into mTOR complexes, it facilitates degradation of Raptor. These biochemical data, combined with structural information, can be used to design small molecules that modulate mTOR signaling by affecting the formation of intact mTOR complexes.
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Vieira, Marina Roveri. "Estudos sobre a manutenção dos telômeros durante o ciclo de desenvolvimento de Leishmania amazonensis." Botucatu, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/182033.
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Orientador: Maria Isabel Nogueira CanoResumo: A leishmaniose é uma doença crônica, causada por parasitos flagelados do gênero Leishmania, podendo se apresentar nas formas clínicas, tegumentar (cutânea), mucocutânea e visceral (calazar). A doença é considerada negligenciada pela OMS, pois não existem até o momento métodos eficientes de tratamento e controle para a mesma. Os telômeros desse parasito são um dos potenciais alvos no desenvolvimento de novos fármacos para o combate dessa doença e, para tanto, é necessário o entendimento da biologia desta estrutura. Uma enzima de grande interesse para o estudo dos telômeros é a telomerase que é a responsável pela manutenção e elongação dessas estruturas nos terminais dos cromossomos. A manutenção dos telômeros não é unicamente regulada pelo complexo ribonucleoproteico (RNP) da telomerase, mas também por proteínas que se associam ao complexo e ao DNA telomérico, tornando a ação do complexo mais efetiva e estável. Até o momento, o complexo telomérico de Leishmania amazonensis é o melhor caracterizado dentre os tripanosomatídeos, porém pouco se sabe sobre a biogênese e a composição do complexo RNP telomerase deste parasito. HSP83, ortólogo da HSP90 humana em Leishmania é uma chaperona altamente conservada, dependente de ATP e expressa quando as células são submetidas a diferentes tipos de estresse estando envolvida em transdução de sinal, crescimento, diferenciação celular e sobrevivência. Também é de grande importância para patógenos humanos, em particular aqueles cujo ciclo de v... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Leishmaniasis is a chronic disease, caused by flagellated parasites of the genus Leishmania, which could be present in different clinical forms such as, tegumentar (cutaneous), mucocutaneous and visceral (kalazar). WHO classifies leishmaniasis as a neglected disease since there are no efficient methods for disease treatment and control. Parasites telomeres are one of the potential targets for the development of new anti-parasitic drugs to combat this disease and, thus, it is necessary to understand the biology of this structure. Telomerase is the enzyme responsible for maintaining and replicating these structures at the chromosomes termini. However, telomeres maintenance is not only regulated by the telomerase ribonucleoprotein complex (RNP), but also by proteins that associate with the complex and with telomeric DNA, making the action of the complex more effective and stable. To date, the telomeric complex of Leishmania amazonensis is the best characterized among trypanosomatids, although little is known about the biogenesis and composition of the RNP telomerase complex of this parasite. HSP90 is a highly conserved, ATP dependent chaperone and expressed when cells are subjected to different types of stress. It is also involved in signal transduction, growth, cell differentiation and survival of the chaperonin is of great importance for human pathogens, particularly those transmitted by insects to a mammalian host, and which suffer from environmental changes such as temperatu... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
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Nishimura, Letícia Sayuri. "Expressão e caracterização estrutural da chaperona Hsp70 mitocondrial de Leishmania braziliensis." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/75/75133/tde-15092017-134545/.
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As chaperonas moleculares da família Hsp70 desempenham funções cruciais nas células de todos os organismos vivos, de procariotos a eucariotos. Nestes, estão presentes em todos os compartimentos celulares e nas mitocôndrias é expressa uma isoforma própria (mtHsp70), que participa dos processos enovelamento e maturação de proteínas bem como de sua importação para a matriz mitocondrial. Diante da crescente demanda de pesquisa sobre doenças tropicais negligenciadas, foi tomado como objeto de estudo neste trabalho uma Hsp70 mitocondrial de Leishmania braziliensis (LbmtHsp70) com o intuito de caracterizá-la estrutural e funcionalmente em comparação à ortóloga humana com maior identidade: a mtHsp70 também chamada de mortalina, GRP75, HspA9 ou PBP74. A LbmtHsp70 foi purificada em sua forma enovelada, em sistema monodisperso apresentando dados hidrodinâmicos condizentes com a forma monomérica, foi testada sua estabilidade quanto à influência de nucleotídeos de adenosina (ATP e ADP) à sua estrutura e, por fim, foram feitos ensaios para avaliar sua atividade ATPásica e de energia de interação com nucleotídeos. De forma geral, a LbmtHsp70 é bastante similar à mortalina, como pode ser evidenciado pelos resultados obtidos com algumas particularidades.The molecular chaperones from the Hsp70 family perform critical cell roles in all organisms, from prokaryotes to eukaryotes. In the last ones, they are found in all cell compartments and a particular isoform is expressed in the mitochondria, where it carries out folding and maturation processes as well as the import of proteins to the mitochondrial matrix. In face of the growing demand for research about neglected tropical diseases, in this study a Hsp70 from Leishmania braziliensis\'s mitochondria was taken as object of study for further structural and functional characterization in comparison to the human orthologous which presents the highest identity to LbmtHsp70: the mtHsp70 also known as mortalin, GRP75, HspA9 or PB74. LbmtHsp70 was obtained in folded state in monodisperse system with hydrodynamic data consistent to monomeric conformer, stability and adenosine nucleotides influence to its structure were analyzed, and were performed assays for ATPase activity and nucleotide interaction energy. In a general way LbmtHsp70 is very similar to mortalin as can be shown through the results, but with some peculiarities.
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Stuttmann, Johannes. "Contrôle des modifications post-traductionnelles des protéines par le co-chaperon SGT1 chez Arabidopsis thaliana : ubiquitination, neddylation et chaperons moléculaires." Aix-Marseille 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AIX22104.
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SGT1 (Supressor of G2 allele of skp1) est une protéine essentielle et conservée chez les eucaryotes. Cette protéine est impliquée dans la protéolyse dépendante de l’ubiquitination et le repliement/maturation des protéines en tant que co-chaperon putatif des chaperons moléculaires HSP90 et HSC70. SGT1 et HSC70 interagissent directement et ont des fonctions similaires dans l’immunité des plantes et dans la tolérance au stress thermique. Nous avons montré que SGT1-HSC70 interagissent directement par le domaine C-terminal de SGT1 et qu’un HSC70 complet est requis pour l’interaction avec SGT1. SGT1 est donc probablement un nouveau co-chaperon des HSC70 reliant biochimiquement les activités des chaperons HSC70/HSP90. En parallèle, un crible génétique basé sur une réponse dépendante de l’ubiquitination à l’hormone auxine a été réalisé chez Arabidopsis pour étudier les fonctions de SGT1 dans la protéolyse. Parmi les 11 mutants insensibles à l’auxine clonés, une mutation dans la sous-unité 2 du signalosome COP9 (CSN2) a été particulièrement étudiée. Le CSN est un régulateur essentiel du développement des eucaryotes et clive la modification post-traductionnelle Nedd8 des cullines dans les cullin-RING ubiquitin ligases (CRLs). Des composants des CRLs sont instables dans ce mutant csn2. De plus, nous observons l’ubiquitination de TIR1 in planta ainsi qu’une dégradation dépendante du protéasome de SCFTIR1. En résumé, nos données suggèrent qu’une fonction majeure du CSN chez Arabidopsis est de recycler et de prévenir la dégradation dépendante du protéasome des complexes CRLSGT1 (Supressor of G2 allele of skp1) is an essential protein conserved in eukaryotes involved in ubiquitination-dependent proteolysis and in protein folding/maturation as a putative co-chaperone of HSP90 and HSC70 molecular chaperones. SGT1 and HSC70 have overlapping functions in plant immunity and heat-shock tolerance and interact biochemically. We showed that the SGT1-HSC70 interaction is mediated by the SGT1 C-terminal domain while full-length HSC70 is needed to interact with SGT1. These results support SGT1 function as a novel HSC70 co-chaperone bridging HSC70/HSP90 functions. In addition, a genetic screen was conducted to investigate SGT1 functions in proteolysis based on an ubiquitination-dependent response of Arabidopsis to the hormone auxin. Among the 11 auxin-insensitive mutants cloned, a mutation affecting the subunit 2 of the COP9 signalosome (CSN2) was studied in greater details. The CSN is an essential regulator of eukaryotic development and removes Nedd8 modification from cullins in cullin-RING ubiquitin ligases (CRLs). Core components of CRLs are destabilized in this csn2 mutant. Furthermore, we show proteasome-dependent turnover of SCFTIR1 CRL and its ubiquitination in vivo. Taken together, our data suggest that the CSN main function in Arabidopsis is to protect CRL complexes from proteasome-dependent degradation
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Gaiser, Andreas M. [Verfasser]. "Studies on the molecular chaperone Hsp90 and its regulation by co-chaperones in Caenorhabditis elegans / Andreas M. Gaiser." München : Verlag Dr. Hut, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1011441659/34.
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Gonçalves, Danieli Cristina 1986. "Estudos iniciais de ineraçãos da HSP90 através da caracterização funcioanl de um transgênico e biofísica de uma co-chaperona." [s.n.], 2012. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/314030.
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Orientadoesr: Carlos Henrique Inácio Ramos, Gonçalo Amarante Guimarães PereiraDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
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Resumo: Chaperonas moleculares (Heat Shock proteins - HSPs) são componentes chave do sistema de controle de qualidade de proteínas (PQC - Protein Quality Control), que é essencial para a vida, sendo responsável por manter a homeostase proteica e a adequada função de diversas vias. Problemas no processo de enovelamento estão relacionados a doenças degenerativas, amilóides e câncer. Em plantas, as chaperonas moleculares desempenham um papel crucial na proteção contra estresses bióticos e abióticos, pois como organismos sésseis, as plantas devem ser capazes de responder rapidamente a mudanças na temperatura, salinidade, déficit hídrico, entre outros. A chaperona molecular Hsp90 (Heat Shock protein 90 kDa) compreende uma família ubíqua, considerada um 'hub' por interagir com chaperonas, co-chaperonas e ter como clientes proteínas regulatórias essenciais como fatores de transcrição, quinases, receptores de hormônios, entre outros. A Hsp90 age em conjunto com co-chaperonas, as quais modulam e direcionam sua função. Uma destas co-chaperonas é a Hop (Hsp70-Hsp90 organizing protein), capaz de interagir simultaneamente com a Hsp90 e Hsp70, mediando a transferência de substratos. A Hop é composta por três domínios com repetições de tetratricopeptídeos (TPR) (TPR1, TPR2A e TPR2B), responsáveis pela interação com as chaperonas, porém a dinâmica desta interação não está bem entendida, uma vez que ainda não há estrutura da Hop inteira e o estado oligomérico desta co-chaperona ainda é controverso na literatura. Neste trabalho apresentamos a classificação de um gene de Hsp90 de cana-de-açúcar, e o início de sua caracterização funcional através de transgenia em Arabidopsis thaliana. Apresentamos também a caracterização biofísica de uma importante co-chaperona da Hsp90, a Hop (Hsp70-Hsp90 organizing protein) humana. Através da análise de sequências a Hsp90 de cana-de-açúcar foi classificada como Hsp90-3, uma isoforma citosólica. Plantas transgênicas de A. thaliana, produzidas a partir da inserção do gene da Hsp90-3 de cana-de-açúcar, apresentaram níveis reduzidos de Hsp90. Tal perturbação nos níveis de Hsp90 parece ter afetado a expressão de outras proteínas da rede de interações, relacionadas com processos diversos como resposta imune e fotossíntese. As plantas transgênicas também exibiram germinação mais rápida e raízes mais longas em relação ao controle. Sob estresse térmico, linhagens transgênicas apresentaram maior suscetibilidade à alta temperatura em relação ao controle. Tais resultados sugerem que a Hsp90 tem um importante papel na fisiologia celular e no desenvolvimento, e que os níveis de Hsp90 são críticos para a resposta frente a estresses. A caracterização biofísica do mutante Hop D456G, uma mutação no domínio TPR2B, mostrou que esta proteína é uma mistura de monômeros, dímeros e oligômeros maiores, porém com prevalência do estado monomérico. O resíduo D456 pode ter uma participação na dinâmica de dimerização e é possível que o estado oligomérico da Hop seja regulado entre os estados monomérico e dimérico, com a finalidade de facilitar sua atividade adaptadora
Abstract: Molecular chaperones (heat shock proteins - HSPs) are key components of protein quality-control system (PQC - Protein Quality Control), which maintains protein homeostasis and the proper function of several pathways, being essential for life. Defects in folding processes are related to degenerative diseases, amyloidosis and cancer. In plants, which as sessile organisms must be able to respond rapidly to changes in temperature, salinity, water deficit, and others, molecular chaperones play a crucial role in protecting against such biotic and abiotic stresses. Molecular chaperone Hsp90 (Heat Shock Protein 90 kDa) comprise an ubiquitous family, considered a hub as it interacts with chaperones, co-chaperones, and have as clients key regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, kinases, hormone receptors, and others. The chaperone acts together with co-chaperones, which modulate and guide Hsp90 function. The co-chaperone Hop (Hsp70-Hsp90 organizing protein), interacts simultaneously with Hsp90 and Hsp70, mediating substrate transfer. Hop has three TPR domains (TPR1, and TPR2A TPR2B) responsible for interaction with the chaperones, but this interaction dynamics remains unclear, since there is no structure of full length Hop and its oligomeric state is controversial in literature reports. This work presents the classification of an Hsp90 gene from sugarcane, and primary functional characterization studies in Arabidopsis thaliana transgenic lines. We also present the biophysical characterization of the human Hsp90 co-chaperone Hop (Hsp70-Hsp90 organizing protein). Through sequence analysis the Hsp90 from sugarcane has been classified as Hsp90-3, a cytosolic isoform. Transgenic A. thaliana, produced by Hsp90-3 insertion, exhibited reduced transcript levels of Hsp90. This disruption in Hsp90 levels seems to affect the expression of other proteins from the interaction network, which are related to various processes such as immune response and photosynthesis. Transgenics also exhibited faster germination and longer roots than the control. Under heat stress, transgenic lines showed increased susceptibility to high temperature. These results suggest that Hsp90 has an important role in cellular physiology and development; in addition the levels of Hsp90 are critical for responses to stresses. The biophysical characterization of the mutant D456G Hop, a mutation in domain TPR2B showed that this protein is a mixture of monomers, dimers and higher oligomers, but the monomeric state is majoritary. The residue D456 may be involved in dimerization dynamics, and it is possible that Hop is regulated between monomeric and dimeric species, to enable its adaptor functions
Mestrado
Bioquimica
Mestre em Biologia Funcional e Molecular
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Gray, Amy Jetaun. "Novel Phosducin-Like Protein Binding Partners: Exploring Chaperone and Tumor Suppressor Protein Interactions." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2012. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3408.
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Many proteins cannot fold into their native state without the assistance of one or more molecular chaperones. Chaperonins are an essential class of chaperones that provide an isolated chamber for proteins to fold. CCT, a group II chaperonin found in eukaryotes assists in the folding of actins, tubulins, and many other cellular proteins. PhLP1 is a member of the phosducin protein family that assists CCT in the folding of Gβ and its subsequent assembly with Gγ. However, previous studies have not addressed the scope of PhLP1 and CCT-mediated Gβγ; assembly. The data presented in Chapter 2 shows that PhLP1 plays a vital role in the assembly of all Gγ subunits that form dimers with Gβ2 and the assembly of Gγ2 with Gβ1-4, without affecting the specificity of the Gβγ interactions. These findings suggest that PhLP1 has a general role for the assembly of all Gβγ combinations. Although the role of PhLP1 as a co-chaperone for Gβγ assembly has been established, other possible functions for PhLP1 either as a co-chaperone or otherwise are yet to be investigated. A known tumor suppressor protein, PDCD5, was found to interact with PhLP1 in a co-immunoprecipitation proteomics screen. The data presented in Chapter 3 show that PDCD5 binds PhLP1 indirectly through a ternary complex with CCT. Our results signify that the apoptotic function of PDCD5 is cytosolic, is phosphorylation dependent, and most likely involves CCT. Moreover, structural analysis suggests that over-expressed PDCD5 blocks β-actin from entering the CCT folding cavity, suggesting a co-chaperone role for PDCD5 in inhibiting or enhancing folding of yet-to-be determined CCT substrates. Compared to PhLP1, the functions of other members of the phosducin family, PhLP2A, PhLP2B, and PhLP3, are poorly understood. They have no role in G-protein signaling, but appear to assist CCT in the folding of actin, tubulin and proteins involved in cell cycle progression. Chapter 4 investigates the possibility of PhLP2 and/or PhLP3 acting as co-chaperones in the folding and assembly of actins and tubulins. In addition, another mediator of cellular signaling, 14-3-3ε, was found to interact with PhLP2A in a phosphorylation dependent manner and relieve the inhibition of β-actin folding caused by PhLP2A over-expression.
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OulaÏdi, Farah. "Conception et synthèse d'iminoglycolipides comme inhibiteurs d'enzymes lysosomales à effet chaperon pharmacologique." Thesis, Orléans, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ORLE2001/document.
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La thérapie chaperon représente une approche thérapeutique stratégique et innovante, en particulier dans le traitement des maladies lysosomales. Ces maladies génétiques rares ont une gravité variable, qui peut aller de la létalité avant la naissance jusqu’à la nécessité d‟une prise en charge permanente ; elles apparaissent à tous les stades de la vie. Des mimes du substrat appelé iminosucres, vont agir en allant au coeur du site actif de l’enzyme, stabiliser l’enzyme mutée qui est instable mais non inactive. Paradoxalement, la plupart des chaperons pharmacologiques sont des inhibiteurs de l’enzyme visée mais leur administration à faible concentration leur permet de réaliser leur mission de sauvetage de l’enzyme mutée. Dans cette optique, des recherches effectuées au sein de notre laboratoire ont fait état de la synthèse d’iminosucres, tels que les α-1-C-alkyl iminoxylitols qui sont de très bons inhibiteurs de la β-glucocérébrosidase, l’enzyme défaillante dans la maladie de Gaucher, mais aussi qui doublent l’activité enzymatique résiduelle. Une nouvelle voie de synthèse plus efficace a été réalisée afin d’obtenir plus efficacement ce type d’iminosucres et d’autres dérivés. Ces travaux ont également été l’occasion de développer des iminoxylitols structurellement simplifiés qui agissent comme chaperons pharmacologiques toujours pour le traitement de la maladie de Gaucher. Une partie de ces travaux a aussi été consacrée à la recherche d‟inhibiteurs de la β-galactocérébrosidase, l’enzyme impliquée dans la maladie de Krabbé, et qui pourront agir comme chaperons pharmacologiques. Différentes évaluations pharmacologiques ont été réalisées, notamment des tests d’inhibition et la détermination des effets chaperonsChaperone Mediated Therapy represents an innovative and strategic approach to treat lysosomal storage disorders which a class of rare genetic diseases. Competitive inhibitors for some of these lysosomal enzymes can, at sub inhibitory concentrations, act as chaperones and rescue the mutant proteins. In fact, enzymes carrying some mutations are still catalytically active. α-1-C-alkyl iminoxylitols represent a class of iminosugars which mimic the “gluco” configuration of the substrate and give powerful inhibitors of β-glucocerebrosidase, the enzyme involved in Gaucher disease. Moreover, this class of iminosugars, synthesized by our group, act as pharmacological chaperones and are able to double the residual activity of the N370S mutant. In order to synthesize more efficiently these iminosugars, the synthetic strategy was improved and optimized. Moreover, we focused our investigations on structural variations on our lead compound (α-1-C9 iminoxylitol) and draw important conclusions on structure-activity relationship. Then, we extended our expertise on iminosugars as pharmacological chaperones to another lysosomal glycosidase. In paricular, we targeted β-galactocerebrosidase, the enzyme responsible for Krabbe disease, and synthesized a series of iminosugars which mimic the “galacto” configuration. Biological assays were performed on our compounds to determine their activity as inhibitors and for some of them, their chaperone effects
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Leroux, Michel Rejean. "Characterization of two C. elegans molecular chaperone families, CCT (chaperonin containing TCP-1) and the small heat shock proteins." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq25091.pdf.
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Gava, Lisandra Marques 1982. "Caracterização e interação do domínio C-terminal da chaperona Hsp90 humana e das co-chaperonas Tom 70 e Hop." [s.n.], 2011. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/314027.
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Orientador: Carlos Henrique Inácio RamosTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
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Resumo: A função biológica das proteínas está relacionada à sua estrutura tridimensional adquirida pelo processo de enovelamento protéico. Neste contexto, proteínas denominadas, genericamente, de chaperonas moleculares exercem papel fundamental atuando no auxílio do enovelamento correto, no reenovelamento e na dissociação de agregados protéicos. A Hsp90 é uma das chaperonas moleculares mais importantes, é essencial para a viabilidade celular em eucariotos e está normalmente associada a proteínas atuantes no ciclo e sinalização celular, o que torna essa chaperona um alvo bastante interessante para abordagens terapêuticas de diversas doenças. A Hsp90 pode ser modulada por co-chaperonas diversas. Nesse trabalho foram caracterizadas as proteínas CHsp90 (domínio C-terminal da Hsp90 humana), e as co-chaperonas Hop e Tom70, além da interação entre C-Hsp90 e Tom70. Foram aplicadas técnicas de dicroísmo circular e emissão de fluorescência do triptofano; seguidas pela caracterização por ultracentrifugação analítica, gel filtração analítica, espalhamento dinâmico de luz, cromatografia de gel filtração acoplada a espalhamento de luz em multi-ângulos (SEC-MALS) e gel nativo. Para os ensaios de interação foram aplicadas técnicas de pull-down, SEC-MALS e calorimetria de titulação isotérmica. As proteínas foram produzidas puras e enoveladas, com estado oligomérico determinado como dímero para C-Hsp90 e monômero para Hop e Tom70, sendo que essas também foram encontradas como espécies diméricas. A estequiometria de interação entre a C-Hsp90 e Tom70 foi determinada em 1 monômero da Tom70 para 1 dímero da C-Hsp90, com KD de 360 ± 30 nM, ?Happ = -2,6 ± 0,1 kcal/mol e ?S = 21 ± 1 cal/mol.K, sugerindo que a interação é dirigida por entalpia e entropia. Os resultados obtidos nesse trabalho contribuem para uma melhor compreensão do sistema Hsp90, que está envolvido em diversos processos celulares essenciais e patológicos, como doenças neurodegenerativas, processos inflamatórios, infecções e câncer
Abstract: The biological function of proteins is related to its three dimensional structure acquired via protein folding process. In this context, the molecular chaperones play a key role acting as auxiliary protein on protein folding, refolding and dissociation of protein aggregates. Hsp90 is one of the most important molecular chaperones, is essential for cell viability in eukaryotes and is usually associated with proteins involved in cell cycling and cell signaling, which makes these chaperone a very interesting targeting for therapeutic approaches for several diseases. The chaperone activity of Hsp90 can be modulated by other proteins, called co-chaperones. In this work, we characterized the protein C-Hsp90 (Cterminal domain of human Hsp90) and the co-chaperones Hop and Tom70, and also the interaction between C-Hsp90 and Tom70. Circular dichroism and fluorescence emission of tryptophan was first applied for initial characterization of the proteins, followed by analytical ultracentrifugation, analytical gel filtration, dynamic light scattering, size exclusion chromatography - multi angle light scattering (SEC-MALS) and native gel. The interaction between C-Hsp90 and Tom70 were measured by techniques like pull-down, SEC-MALS and isothermal titration calorimetry. The proteins were produced pure and soluble and their oligomeric state were determined as dimer for C-Hsp90, and monomer for Hop and Tom70, these two co-chaperones were also found as dimeric species. The stoichiometry of interaction between C-Hsp90 and Tom70 was determined by SEC-MALS and ITC as been 1 dimer of C-Hsp90 to 1 monomer of Tom70, with a KD of 360 ± 30 nM, ?Happ = -2.6 ± 0.1 kcal/mol and ?S = 21 ± 1 cal/mol.K, suggesting that these interaction is driven by both, enthalpy and entropy. The results contribute to a better understanding of the important Hsp90 machinery, which is involved in many essential cellular and pathological processes, such as neurodegenerative diseases, inflammation, infection and cancer
Doutorado
Bioquimica
Doutor em Biologia Funcional e Molecular
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Obri, Arnaud. "Etude structurale et fonctionnelle de la variante d'histone H2AZ." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00912335.
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La variante d'histone H2AZ joue un rôle important dans l'activation de la transcription, la prolifération cellulaire, le développement et la différentiation. H2AZ orne les promoteurs de la majorité des gènes, mais les mécanismes de bases de cette localisation sont inconnus. La compréhension de l'assemblage et du désassemblage du nucléosome passe par la caractérisation de la dynamique du nucléosome et des chaperonnes d'histones. L'objectif de ma thèse était d'identifier des chaperonnes spécifiques impliqués dans la dynamique de H2AZ en utilisant une approche de protéomique. Pour élucider les mécanismes de déposition/éviction de H2AZ, j'ai purifié le complexe prénucléosomale de H2AZ et j'ai caractérisé toutes les protéines associées. J'ai trouvé que Anp32e fait partie du complexe p400/TIP60 qui est présumée pour être responsable de l'échange d'H2AZ sur la chromatine. Anp32e présente une spécificité pour le dimère H2AZ-H2B, car il n'interagit pas avec le dimère H2A-H2B. L'interaction est accomplie au niveau d'une petite région dans le domaine d'ancrage sur H2AZ et au niveau d'un nouveau domaine ZID sur Anp32e. Finalement, j'ai montré que la suppression d'Anp32e entraine : un défaut dans la dé-répression des gènes dont l'expression est contrôlée par une hormone et une accumulation sur les promoteurs de ces derniers. Dans l'ensemble ces résultats identifient Anp32e comme une nouvelle chaperonne de la variante d'histoneH2AZ impliquée dans l'éviction de H2AZ chez les mammifères.
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Seraphim, Thiago Vargas. "Estudos bioquímicos e biofísicos de proteínas de choque térmico da família Hsp40 de cana-de-açúcar e de levedura." [s.n.], 2011. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/314017.
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Orientador: Carlos Henrique Inacio RamosDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
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Resumo: O enovelamento protéico é essencial para a correta função biológica das proteínas. A existência de um ambiente com alta concentração dos mais diferentes tipos de moléculas, dentro da célula, e de diversos tipos de situações de estresse, podem agir induzindo a formação de espécies improdutivas na via de enovelamento, como proteínas mal enoveladas e/ou até mesmo agregados protéicos. Para controlar estes eventos, há a maquinaria de chaperonas moleculares, que tem por objetivo garantir a homeostase protéica celular. As chaperonas moleculares são capazes de ligar e estabilizar um polipeptídio, mas sem contribuir com informações para a sua conformação final. Dentro desta maquinaria, o sistema Hsp70 tem um papel central, sendo responsável por receber proteínas desenoveladas ou mal enoveladas de outras chaperonas, podendo auxiliar no reenovelamento e direcionamento para outras chaperonas moleculares ou para degradação. A Hsp70 é regulada por co-chaperonas, como a Hsp40, que é responsável pela entrega de proteínas clientes à Hsp70 e pelo estímulo da atividade ATPase, essencial para a funcionalidade da Hsp70. Este trabalho apresenta a caracterização de uma Hsp40 tipo I de cana-de-açúcar, nomeada SHsp40, e o estudo de uma Hsp40 tipo II de levedura e seus mutantes, a fim de entender a relação estrutura-função destas proteínas. A SHsp40 foi expressa em E. coli, purificada e obtida enovelada, como verificado por dicroísmo circular. Além disso, a SHsp40 apresentou atividade chaperona em experimentos de proteção ao substrato desenovelado e se comportou como um dímero alongado em solução, como mostrado por SEC-MALS e pela determinação do fator de Perrin. Experimentos de desenovelamento térmico monitorado pelo sinal de CD a 222 nm revelaram que a SHsp40 possui pelo menos um intermediário, e a fluorescência de tioflavina T e bis-ANS mostraram que este intermediário é rico em folhas ? e parcialmente desenovelado, características de espécies na via de formação de fibrilas. A SHsp40 agregada foi examinada por microscopia eletrônica de varredura, que comprovou sua capacidade de formar de fibrilas. Este trabalho também contribuiu para o estudo de uma Hsp40 tipo II de levedura, Sis1, e seus mutantes de deleção, Sis1?124-174 e Sis1?121-257. Ensaios de fluorescência estática do triptofano, fotoapagamento e anisotropia mostraram que a deleção do domínio G/M não afetou a estrutura e hidrodinâmica de Sis1?124-174 em relação à proteína selvagem. Estudos de estabilidade destas proteínas, realizado anteriormente em nosso grupo de pesquisa e complementado neste trabalho pelo uso da técnica de SEC-MALS, mostrou que Sis1 e Sis1?124-174 foram mais estáveis que Sis1?121-257, mutante que o domínio G/M e subdomínio CTDI estão ausentes
Abstract: Correct protein folding is essential for proper protein biological function. There is a crowded environment and many types of molecules inside the cell and a variety of external stresses can act inducing unproductive species, as unfolded and/or misfolded proteins and even protein aggregates. To control these undesired events and ensures the protein homeostasis there is a molecular chaperone machinery. Molecular chaperones are able to bind and stabilize polypeptides but with no contributions for their final conformations. Inside this machinery, the Hsp70 system has a central role and is responsible to receive unfolded or misfolded proteins from other chaperones, helping in protein refolding and delivering the clients to other chaperones and even protein targeting for degradation. Hsp70 is regulated by its co-chaperones, such as Hsp40, which is responsible to client proteins deliver to Hsp70 and stimulation of its ATPase activity, essential processes for Hsp70 function. This work presents a sugarcane type I Hsp40 characterization, named SHsp40, and studies of an yeast type II Hsp40 and its mutants in order to understand the structure-function relationship of these proteins. The SHsp40 was expressed in E. coli, purified and obtained folded, as verified by circular dichroism. Furthermore, SHsp40 presented chaperone activity in unfolded substrate protection experiments and behaved as an elongated dimer in solution, as shown by SEC-MALS and estimated by Perrin factor. Thermal-induced unfolding experiments monitored by CD signal at 222 nm revealed that SHsp40 has at least one intermediate which is populated and tioflavin T and bis-ANS fluorescence showed that this intermediate is ? sheet-rich and partially folded, such as intermediate species in the fibril formation pathway. The aggregated SHsp40 was examined by scanning electron microscopy, wich proved its ability to fibril formation. This work also contributed for the study of an yeast type II Hsp40, Sis1, and its deletion mutants, Sis1?124-174 and Sis1?121-257. Steady-state tryptophan fluorescence, quenching and anisotropy assays showed that the G/M domain deletion did not affect the structure and hydrodynamic properties of Sis1?124-174 in relation to the wild type protein. Stability studies of these proteins, previously performed in our research group and complemented in this work by using the SEC-MALS technique, showed that Sis1 and Sis1?124-174 were more stable than Sis1?121-257, a mutant with the G/M domain and CTDI subdomain absents
Mestrado
Bioquimica
Mestre em Biologia Funcional e Molecular
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Coto, Amanda Laís de Souza. "Estudo estrutural e funcional da co-chaperona SGT de Leishmania braziliensis." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/75/75133/tde-17112016-135653/.
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As chaperonas moleculares são ativas em muitos processos celulares envolvendo o enovelamento e a homeostase de proteínas. Essas características fazem das chaperonas alvos potenciais para o tratamento de diversas doenças. As Hsp70 e as Hsp90, em especial, são proteínas ubíquas altamente conservadas biologicamente que atuam no enovelamento de proteínas nascentes, prevenção da agregação proteica, recuperação de proteínas de agregados, sinalização e crescimento celular, dentre outros. Contudo, para que essas proteínas cumpram eficientemente suas funções, elas devem ser moduladas por co-chaperonas moleculares. A SGT é uma co-chaperona que pode ser dividida em três regiões: domínio N-terminal, domínio TPR e domínio C-terminal, sendo que a região do domínio TPR é a responsável pela interação com o motivo EEVD no C-terminal das Hsp90 e Hsp70 citoplasmáticas. A SGT é encontrada em vários organismos, dentre eles os protozoários do gênero Leishmania spp.. Estes organismos são responsáveis pela leishmaniose, uma doença negligenciada que afeta milhares de pessoas todos os anos, principalmente em países subdesenvolvidos. Evidências indicam que a SGT em protozoários é essencial para o crescimento e viabilidade da forma promastigota. Diante disso, nesse trabalho foi feito o estudo estrutural e funcional da co-chaperona SGT de Leishmania braziliensis (LbSGT). A LbSGT recombinante foi produzida e purificada. A caracterização estrutural indica que a LbSGT é uma proteína rica em estrutura secundária do tipo hélice α que se comporta como um dímero alongado em solução. Dados de estabilidade térmica e química indicam que a LbSGT é uma proteína formada por domínios com diferentes estabilidades. A LbSGT foi identificada in vivo e o western blotting indicou sua presença cognata nas formas promastigotas do protozoário. Os ensaios de interação indicam que as interações entre a LbSGT e a Hsp90 de L. braziliensis (LbHsp90) e a LbSGT e Hsp70-1A humana (usada como proteína modelo) são diferentes da interação da LbSGT com o peptídeo MEEVD. Sendo assim, esses dados sugerem que a interação da LbSGT com a Hsp70-1A e LbHsp90 envolvem mais regiões das proteínas do que somente o motivo de interação da Hsp70-1A e da LbHsp90 com o domínio TPR da LbSGT. Em conjunto, as propriedades estruturais e funcionais da LbSGT observadas estão de acordo com a possível função da SGT como proteína adaptadora entre os sistemas Hsp70 e Hsp90 no foldossoma.The molecular chaperones are active in many cellular processes involving protein folding and homeostasis. These characteristics make the chaperones potential targets to the treatment of many diseases. Hsp70 and Hsp90, in special, are highly conserved ubiquitous proteins that act in the folding of nascent proteins, protein aggregation prevention, aggregate recovering, signaling and cellular growth, among others. However, for these proteins to effectively fulfill their function, they must be modulated by molecular co-chaperones. SGT is a co-chaperone that can be divided into three domains: a N-terminal domain, a TPR domain and a C-terminal domain, being the TPR domain responsible for the interaction with the EEVD motif at the C-terminus of cytoplasmic Hsp90 and Hsp70. SGT is found in various organisms; among they are the protozoans of Leishmania spp.. These organisms are responsible for leishmaniasis, a neglected disease that affects thousands people every year, mainly at underdeveloped countries. Evidences indicate that SGT in protozoans are essential to the growth and viability of promastigote form. Therefore, the structural and functional study of the Leishmania braziliensis SGT (LbSGT) is presented. Recombinant LbSGT was produced and purified. The structural characterization points that LbSGT is rich in α-helix secondary structure and behaves as an elongated dimer in solution. Chemical and thermal stability data suggest that LbSGT is formed by domains of different stabilities. LbSGT was identified in vivo and the western blotting indicates its cognate presence in the protozoan promastigote forms. The interaction assays show that the interaction between LbSGT and Hsp90 of L. braziliensis (LbHsp90) or human Hsp70-1A (used as model protein) were different from the interaction between LbSGT with MEEVD peptide. Moreover, these data suggests that the interaction between LbSGT and Hsp70-1A and LbHsp90 involves additional protein regions besides the Hsp70-1A and LbHsp90 interaction motif. Altogether, the observed functional and structural proprieties of LbSGT accord to the SGT possible function as an adapter protein between the Hsp70 and Hsp90 systems in the foldossome.
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Silva, Kelly Pereira da. "Estudos estruturais e funcionais da Hsp90 de Leishmania braziliensis e suas co-chaperonas p23." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/75/75133/tde-24072012-172313/.
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As chaperonas moleculares são proteínas que auxiliam no enovelamento correto de outras proteínas, entre outras funções importantes para as células, motivo pelo qual elas têm sido alvo para o combate de várias doenças. As Hsp90 (82-96 kDa) são chaperonas abundantes que interagem com diversas proteínas-cliente. São constituídas por três domínios: N-terminal, intermediário ou central (M) e C-terminal, o qual é responsável pela dimerização da proteína. A atividade da Hsp90 está diretamente relacionada à sua atividade ATPásica. Durante o ciclo funcional, as Hsp90 podem interagir com inúmeras co-chaperonas. Uma delas é a co-chaperona p23 (18-22 kDa) que interage com o dímero da Hsp90 e algumas das suas funções são a inibição da atividade ATPásica e atividade chaperona. O objetivo do trabalho foi obter a proteína recombinante Hsp90 de Leishmania braziliensis e os domínios N e N+M, determinar fatores importantes que relacionam mudanças conformacionais e função da Hsp90 e as bases moleculares da inibição por GA. Também obter as co-chaperonas Lbp23A e Lbp23B e investigar a interação com a LbHsp90 e suas funções. As proteínas produzidas foram purificadas e caracterizadas por técnicas biofísicas. Em solução, a LbHsp90 foi caracterizada como dímero assimétrico e as demais proteínas como monômeros assimétricos.A interação da LbHsp90 e domínios com nucleotídeos foi analisada por fluorescência e as constantes de dissociação ficaram em torno de 150 µM. A afinidade por GA foi maior que a verificada para ATP e em ordem crescente para LbHsp90, LbHsp90_NM e LbHsp90_N. A LbHsp90 apresentou grande atividade chaperona em relação à citrato sintase, de maneira independente de ATP. A LbHsp90 mostrou baixa atividade ATPásica, a qual foi inibida pela GA com IC50 de 0,7 µM. Tanto a Lbp23A quanto a Lbp23B inibiram a atividade ATPásica da LbHsp90, porém a Lbp23A aproximou-se de 100% de inibição e a Lbp23B apenas 30%. A interação in vitro entre a LbHsp90 e a Lbp23B foi observada por pull-down na presença/ausência de nucleotídeos e essa técnica não se mostrou adequada para a Lbp23A.O pioneirismo do trabalho com a Hsp90/p23 de L. braziliensis oferece uma grande contribuição para futuros trabalhos que visam o entendimento das relações funcionais entre essas proteínas e o contexto das Hsp90 no desenvolvimento da leishmaniose.Molecular chaperones are proteins involved in proper folding of other proteins, and others important cellular functions, why they have been targeted for combating various diseases. The Hsp90 (82-96 kDa) are ubiquitous chaperones that interact with a wide range of client proteins. They are formed by three domains: N-terminal, central or middle (M), and C-terminal, which is responsible by its dimerization. The Hsp90 activity is related to its ATPase activity. During the Hsp90 functional cycle, diverse co-chaperones. One of them is the p23 (18 kDa), that interacts with one Hsp90 dimer, and some p23 functions are the inhibition of Hsp90 ATPase activity and chaperone activity. The aim of this work was obtain the Hsp90 recombinant Leishmania braziliensis Hsp90, the N and N+M domains, to determine the important factors related to conformational changes and Hsp90 function, and the molecular basis of GA inhibition. Also, to obtain the Lbp23A and Lbp23B co-chaperones in order to establish relevant aspects for LbHsp90 interaction and its co-chaperones functions. The recombinant proteins were produced, purified and characterized by biophysics techniques. The LbHsp90 was identified as an asymmetric dimer for whereas the others were identified as asymmetric monomers. The interactions between LbHsp90 and domains with nucleotides were determined by fluorescence and the dissociation constants were about 150 µM. The GA-affinity was greater than ATP one, in increasing order for LbHsp90, LbHsp90_NM, and LbHsp90_N. The LbHsp90 showed large chaperone activity related to citrate synthase independently of ATP. The LbHsp90 presented low ATPase activity, which was inhibited by GA with a IC50 of 0,7. The Lbp23A and Lbp23B inhibited the ATPase activity with different values, the Lbp23A inhibition was closed to 100% whereas the Lbp23B one was 30%. The in vitro interaction between the LbHsp90 and Lbp23B was observed by pull-down, in the absence or presence of nucleotides, and for Lbp23A this technique was not appropriated. The pioneering work with Hsp90/p23 from L. braziliensis offers an important contribution to future studies aimed at understanding the functional relationships between these proteins and the context of Hsp90 in the development of leishmaniasis.
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Reis, Dayane Eliara Bertolino. "Caracterização estrutural da Hsp70/Hsp90 organizing protein (Hop) de Plasmodium falciparum." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/75/75133/tde-28022018-095723/.
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A malária é uma doença tropical negligenciada causada por protozoários do gênero Plasmodium spp, afeta populações em mais de 100 países ao redor do globo, apresentando 219 milhões de novos casos por ano sendo, portanto, um grave problema de saúde pública. Apresenta um ciclo complexo e digenético, necessitando do mosquito vetor e do hospedeiro vertebrado para se completar - ciclo este que envolve etapas de transformação e adaptação, já que o patógeno passa por 28 formas diferentes ao longo do ciclo, além de enfrentar situações de stress térmico, no momento do contágio e durante os picos febris. Sendo assim, é necessário que o protozoário garanta sua sobrevivência e possibilite a infecção do hospedeiro. Isso é realizado com a assistência de chaperonas moleculares, proteínas estas que são superexpressas no estágio intra-eritrocitário. Uma dessas proteínas é a Hsp90, uma Heat shock protein com diferentes funções, entre elas, maturação de proteínas clientes, encaminhamento de proteínas para translocação por membranas e marcação de proteínas para degradação. Para cumprir adequadamente as diversas funções, as Hsp90 contam com o auxílio de co-chaperonas, como a Hsp70/Hsp90 Organizing Protein (Hop) que modulam sua função. A Hop é uma co-chaperona do sistema foldossoma formado pelas Hsp70 e Hsp90 citoplasmáticas e que atua como proteína adaptadora transferindo proteínas clientes da primeira para a segunda chaperona molecular. A interação da Hop com Hsp70 e Hsp90 ocorre via domínios TPR, que se ligam ao motivo EEVD presente na extremidade C-terminal de ambas as chaperonas citoplasmáticas. É encontrada em diversos organismos, incluindo Plasmodium falciparum, o agente etiológico da malária. Sendo assim, conhecer a Hop de P. falciparum (PfHop), estrutural e funcionalmente, é importante para o entendimento do funcionamento das Hsp90 e Hsp70, proteínas essenciais para a sobrevivência do patógeno e, portanto, possíveis alvos terapêuticos. A PfHop recombinante foi obtida com pureza superior a 95%. A caracterização biofísica da mesma foi feita através de diferentes técnicas. Como outras Hops, a PfHop é majoritariamente constituída por hélices alfa. Os parâmetros hidrodinâmicos determinados sugerem que a PfHop se comporta como um equilíbrio monômero-dímero quando em solução. Dados de espalhamento de raios X a baixo ângulo mostram a PfHop como uma proteína dimérica e alongada. Este trabalho de dissertação de mestrado permitiu alcançar a caracterização estrutural da PfHop e com este conhecimento, espera-se avançar na caracterização funcional da mesma sobre a Hsp70 e Hsp90.Malaria is a neglected tropical disease caused by protozoa of the genus Plasmodium spp, affects populations in more than 100 countries around the globe, presenting 219 million new cases per year and is therefore a serious public health problem. It presents a complex and digenetic cycle, necessitating the vector mosquito and the vertebrate host to complete - this cycle involves transformation and adaptation stages, since the pathogen goes through 28 different forms along the cycle, besides facing situations of thermal stress , At the time of the contagion and during the feverish peaks. Thus, it is necessary that the protozoan guarantees its survival and makes possible a host infection. This is accomplished with the assistance of molecular chaperones, proteins that are overexpressed in the intra-erythrocyte stage. A life of proteins and Hsp90, a protection of thermal shock with different functions, among them, maturation of client proteins, routing of proteins for membrane translocation and labeling of proteins for degradation. To comply properly, for example, as Hsp90 rely on the help of co-chaperones, such as Hsp70 / Hsp90 Organizing Protein (Hop) that modulate their function. The Hop is a co-chaperone system folded by Hsp70 and Hsp90 cytoplasmic and which acts as an adapter protein transferring client proteins from the first to the second molecular chaperone. The interaction of Hop with Hsp70 and Hsp90 occurs via TPR domains, which bind to the EEVD motif present at the C-terminus of both as cytoplasmic chaperones. It is found in several organisms, including Plasmodium falciparum, the etiologic agent of malaria. Therefore, knowing a Hop of P. falciparum (PfHop), structurally and functionally, is important for the understanding of the functioning of Hsp90 and Hsp70, essential proteins for a pathogen survival and, therefore, in all the therapeutic aspects. A recombinant PfHop was obtained in greater than 95% purity. The biophysical characterization by the same brand made through different techniques. As there is Hops, a PfHop is mostly constituted by alpha helices. The indicated parameters are a PfHop behaves as a monomer-dimer balance when in solution. Higher low-angle X-ray scattering data on PfHop as a dimeric and elongated protein. This work of master\'s dissertation allowed to reach a structural characterization of the PfHop and with this knowledge, it is expected to advance in the functional characterization of the same in Hsp70 and Hsp90.
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Mönkemeyer, Leonie [Verfasser], and Franz-Ulrich [Akademischer Betreuer] Hartl. "Structural and functional studies on the eukaryotic chaperonin TRiC/CCT and its cooperating chaperone Hgh1 / Leonie Mönkemeyer ; Betreuer: Franz-Ulrich Hartl." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1182228313/34.
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Garrido, Marine. "Identification de la protéine chaperonne FKBP7 comme une nouvelle cible thérapeutique dans le cancer de la prostate résistant à la chimiothérapie." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS181/document.
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Le cancer de la prostate est le second cancer diagnostiqué chez les hommes dans le monde. Malgré le développement de nouveaux traitements au cours de ces cinq dernières années, les chimiothérapies par taxanes, docetaxel et cabazitaxel, restent des traitements de référence dans la prise en charge des patients atteints de cancer de la prostate métastatique résistant à la castration. Cependant, des résistances primaires et acquises émergent chez environ la moitié des patients. C’est pourquoi, il est urgent de découvrir et de comprendre les mécanismes de résistance aux taxanes afin d’identifier de nouvelles cibles thérapeutiques. En effet, de nouvelles thérapies ciblées peuvent émerger de la compréhension des voies de signalisation impliquées dans le cancer de la prostate pour contourner la chimiorésistance et améliorer les traitements. Les protéines chaperonnes jouent un rôle clef dans la régulation de l’homéostasie cellulaire et dans le développement de résistance aux traitements. Elles constituent donc des cibles thérapeutiques potentielles pour contourner la chimiorésistance. En réalisant un criblage fonctionnel par siARN à partir de profils d’expression génique, nous avons identifié FKBP7, une chaperonne moléculaire encore jamais étudiée chez l’homme, impliquée dans la résistance au docetaxel et au cabazitaxel. FKBP7 est surexprimée dans les tumeurs de la prostate et son expression est corrélée avec la récurrence chez les patients ayant reçu du docetaxel en thérapie néoadjuvante. De plus, FKBP7 est surexprimée dans des lignées cancéreuses prostatiques résistantes aux taxanes et son expression est nécessaire à leur croissance in vitro et à la croissance tumorale dans un modèle murin de résistance au docetaxel. Par des approches de protéomique haut-débit, nous avons identifié la voie de signalisation régulée par FKBP7 qui est responsable de la survie des cellules chimiorésistantes. Enfin, nous proposons une stratégie thérapeutique pour contourner la chimiorésistance au docetaxel et au cabazitaxel en ciblant l’effecteur moléculaire en aval de FKBP7Prostate cancer is the second cancer diagnosed among men worldwide. Beside approval of new therapies in the last five years, chemotherapeutic agents, docetaxel and cabazitaxel taxanes remain key treatments for metastatic castration resistant prostate cancers. However, primary and acquired resistance to taxanes still emerged in about half of patients. There is therefore an urgent need to discover and understand the taxane resistance mechanisms in order to identify new therapeutic targets. Indeed, targeted therapies that exploit the signaling pathways involved in prostate cancer are required to overcome chemoresistance and improve treatment outcomes. Molecular chaperones play a key role in the regulation of cellular homeostasis and the development of treatment resistance, and are promising therapeutic targets. Using high throughput siRNA functional screening based on a gene expression signature, we identified FKBP7, involved in acquired resistance to docetaxel and cabazitaxel. FKBP7 is a molecular chaperone that has not been studied in human so far. FKBP7 is overexpressed in prostate tumors and its expression is correlated with recurrence in patients who received docetaxel as neoadjuvant therapy. Moreover, FKBP7 is upregulated in taxane resistant prostate cancer cell lines and its expression sustains their growth in vitro and in a mice model of Docetaxel resistance. Using a high throughput proteomic approach, we identified the signaling pathway regulated by FKBP7 which is responsible for the survival of chemoresistant cells. Finally, we proposed a promising therapeutic strategy to overcome both docetaxel and cabazitaxel chemoresistance by targeting the downstream effector of FKBP7
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Blom, Lillemor. "Investigation of the interactions between the bacterial homologue to actin, and the chaperone GroEL/ES through a combination of protein engineering and spectroscopy." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-15818.
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Molecular chaperones help many proteins in the cell reach their native conformation. The mechanism with which they do this has been studied extensively, but has not been entirely elucidated. This work is a continuation of the study done by Laila Villebeck et al. (2007) on the conformational rearrangements in the eukaryotic protein actin in interaction with the eukaryotic chaperone TRiC. In this study the intentions were to analyze the protein MreB, a prokaryotic homologue to actin, when interacting with the prokaryotic chaperone GroEL. The purpose was to investigate if the mechanisms of GroEL and TRiC are similar. The analysis of the conformation of MreB was to be made through calculations of fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) between two positions in MreB labeled with fluorescein. A MreB mutant was made through site-specific mutagenesis to enable labeling at a specific position. Another single mutant and a corresponding double mutant needed for these measurements were avaliable from earlier studies. The results from fluorescence measurements on these mutants indicated that the degree of labeling was insufficient for accurate determination of FRET. Suggestions are made on improvements of the experimental approach for future studies.
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Jarosz, Camille. "Rôle de l'EMMPRIN, inducteur des MMPs,dans l'activation des fibroblastes : conséquences sur la formation du stroma tumoral." Thesis, Paris Est, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PEST0064.
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Les fibroblastes activés qui composent les stromas tumoraux sont des acteurs majeurs des interactions tumeur-stroma impliquées dans la croissance et la dissémination des cellules tumorales. Ce processus d'activation des fibroblastes est caractérisé par l'expression de marqueurs protéiques spécifiques parmi lesquels figure l'alphaSMA et FAPalpha;. Le TGFbeta;, cytokine secrétée massivement par les cellules tumorales, est un des éléments impliqués dans l'activation des fibroblastes et la formation du stroma tumoral qui en résulte. L'EMMPRIN, glycoprotéine transmembranaire surexprimée dans les cellules tumorales est également un médiateur des interactions tumeur-stroma puisqu'il a la capacité d'induire la synthèse des MMPs par les fibroblastes péri-tumoraux accroissant ainsi la propagation des cellules tumorales à travers l'organisme. Nos travaux identifièrent que le TGFbeta secrété par les cellules tumorales induisait la synthèse du marqueur FAPalpha par les fibroblastes. L'EMMPRIN stromal apparaît comme récepteur de ces signaux tumoraux et est nécessaire à la synthèse du marqueur FAPalpha; par les fibroblastes. L'EMMPRIN participe donc à l'activation TGFbeta; dépendante des fibroblastes. Son inhibition dans ces cellules conduit à un dysfonctionnement de la signalisation médiée par les protéines Smad2/Smad3 aboutissant à une diminution de la synthèse du marqueur alphaSMA ainsi que de certaines protéines matricielles induites par le TGFbeta. L'étude du mécanisme d'action de l'EMMPRIN dans ce processus a permis d'identifier l'EMMPRIN comme nouvelle protéine chaperonne du récepteur de type I au TGFbetaTumor stroma activated fibroblasts are major actors of tumor stroma interactions taking to tumor growth and spreading. Activated fibroblasts are characterized by the expression of specific markers including alphaSMA and FAPalpha;. The TGFbeta;, a cytokine highly secreted by tumor cells, is one of the key factors involved in fibroblast activation and tumor stroma formation. EMMPRIN, a transmembrane glycoprotein overexpressed in tumor cells, is also a mediator of tumor-stroma interactions by its ability to induce the synthesis of MMPs by peri-tumor fibroblasts enhancing then tumor cells dissemination across the organism.Here, we demonstrate that TGFbeta; secreted by tumor cells is the tumor factor involved in the synthesis of FAPalpha; by fibroblasts. Stromal EMMPRIN appeared to be the receptor of these tumor-stroma interactions and is required for the synthesis of FAPalpha; by fibroblasts. EMMPRIN was also evidenced to take part in TGFbeta;-dependent fibroblast activation. Its inhibition in these cells correlate to a dysfunction in Smad2/Smad3 signaling leading to a decrease in the expression of alphaSMA and matrix proteins induced by TGFbeta;. The study of the mechanism used by EMMPRIN in this process evidenced this protein as a new chaperone for the type I TGFbeta; receptor
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Silva, Cainã Max Couto da. "Papel da proteína prion celular e seu ligante, stip1, na neurogênese adulta." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/42/42134/tde-11082016-145839/.
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A proteína prion celular (PrPC) consiste em uma glicoproteína de membrana que atua como receptora para diversas moléculas, desencadeando sinais intracelulares. Ao interagir com a co-chaperona STIP1, PrPC promove a autorrenovação e proliferação de células-tronco/progenitoras neurais (NSPCs) durante a fase embrionária. De fato, PrPC tem se destacado por sua participação na neurogênese embrionária e adulta, porém o papel de sua interação com a proteína STIP1 na neurogênese adulta permanece obscuro. Deste modo, o presente trabalho adotou abordagens in vitro para avaliação do complexo PrPC-STIP1 em processos celulares que culminam na neurogênese adulta. Para isso, culturas primárias de NSPCs de camundongos deficientes (Prnp-/-) e tipo-selvagens (Prnp+/+) para PrPC foram realizadas, e a cultura foi devidamente padronizada e caracterizada. Através de ensaios de autorrenovação, proliferação e migração celular sugere-se que PrPC promove estes eventos celulares independentemente de STIP1, e que possivelmente a proteína laminina seja um alvo crítico para migração via PrPC.Cellular prion protein (PrPC) consists in a membrane glycoprotein that acts as a receptor to several molecules, triggering intracellular signals. By interacting with co-chaperone STIP1, PrPC promotes self-renewal and proliferation of neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) during embryonic stage. Indeed, PrPC has excelled for its participation in embryonic and adult neurogenesis, but the role of its interaction with STIP1 protein in adult neurogenesis remains unclear. Thus, herein it was adopted in vitro approaches in order to evaluate the PrPC-STIP1 complex on cellular processes that culminate in adult neurogenesis. In order to assess that, NSPC primary cultures of PrPC deficient (Prnp-/-) and wild-type (Prnp+/+) mice were performed, and the culture was properly standardized and characterized. Through self-renewal, proliferation and cell migration assays, it was suggested that PrPC promotes these cellular events regardless of STIP1, and possibly the laminin protein is a critical target for migration via PrPC.
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Nickels, Christina Utta [Verfasser], Johannes [Akademischer Betreuer] Buchner, Johannes [Gutachter] Buchner, and Matthias J. [Gutachter] Feige. "Regulation of the molecular chaperone BiP by its co-chaperones / Christina Utta Nickels ; Gutachter: Johannes Buchner, Matthias J. Feige ; Betreuer: Johannes Buchner." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1190285258/34.
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Abdeen, Sanofar, Nilshad Salim, Najiba Mammadova, Corey M. Summers, Rochelle Frankson, Andrew J. Ambrose, Gregory G. Anderson, et al. "GroEL/ES inhibitors as potential antibiotics." Elsevier, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/618724.
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We recently reported results from a high-throughput screening effort that identified 235 inhibitors of the
Escherichia coli GroEL/ES chaperonin system [Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 2014, 24, 786]. As the GroEL/ES
chaperonin system is essential for growth under all conditions, we reasoned that targeting GroEL/ES with
small molecule inhibitors could be a viable antibacterial strategy. Extending from our initial screen, we
report here the antibacterial activities of 22 GroEL/ES inhibitors against a panel of Gram-positive and
Gram-negative bacteria, including E. coli, Bacillus subtilis, Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus,
Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter cloacae.
GroEL/ES inhibitors were more effective at blocking the proliferation of Gram-positive bacteria, in particular
S. aureus, where lead compounds exhibited antibiotic effects from the low-lM to mid-nM range.
While several compounds inhibited the human HSP60/10 refolding cycle, some were able to selectively
target the bacterial GroEL/ES system. Despite inhibiting HSP60/10, many compounds exhibited low to no
cytotoxicity against human liver and kidney cell lines. Two lead candidates emerged from the panel, compounds
8 and 18, that exhibit >50-fold selectivity for inhibiting S. aureus growth compared to liver or kidney
cell cytotoxicity. Compounds 8 and 18 inhibited drug-sensitive and methicillin-resistant S. aureus
strains with potencies comparable to vancomycin, daptomycin, and streptomycin, and are promising candidates
to explore for validating the GroEL/ES chaperonin system as a viable antibiotic target.
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Vydyanath, Anupama. "Assembly and biochemical properties of a human chaperone/co-chaperone protein complex." Thesis, University of Westminster, 2010. https://westminsterresearch.westminster.ac.uk/item/90859/assembly-and-biochemical-properties-of-a-human-chaperone-co-chaperone-protein-complex.
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The 70kDa members of the heat shock protein family (eg. Hsp70) function as molecular chaperones by binding to exposed hydrophobic patches on nascent polypeptides forming non-covalent interactions, thereby preventing their aggregation and facilitating their proper folding. The folding reaction comprises of cyclic binding and release of the unfolded substrate powered by ATP hydrolysis. Hsp70 requires the assistance of a co-chaperone, generally provided by the Hsp40 group of proteins, for the cycle of protein folding. Biochemical analyses have mapped the possible sites of interaction between the Hsp70 and Hsp40 proteins and predicted a bipartite mode of interaction between Hsp70 and Hsp40. However, structural investigations into the mechanistic features of the folding cycle have been hampered by the transient nature of interaction. The underlying theme for this work was to therefore structurally understand the assembly of Hsp70 proteins with the Hsp40 co-chaperones as a complex during the Hsp70-assisted folding cycle. This study was carried out using human Hsc70 and HSJ1b as representatives of the Hsp70 and Hsp40 families respectively. The first step to understand this co-operation was to develop a strategy to isolate a complex of Hsc70 and HSJ1b suitable for structural studies. Previous studies have reconstituted the Hsp70/Hsp40 complex in vitro by combining the two proteins in molar ratios in the presence of ATP. In this work a co-expression system was developed and a recombinant form of the human Hsc70/HSJ1b complex was successfully purified using a bacterial expression system. Biochemical characterisation revealed that this chaperone complex can protect ~85% of substrate protein from thermal aggregation. Gel filtration analysis revealed that the complex was composed of a heterogenous mix of ~220 kDa and hetero-oligomeric co-polymer species. Analytical ultracentrifugation confirmed that these hetero-oligomeric co-polymer species were not aggregates, and molecular weight for this species was estimated to be 1.1 MDa. These two species represent potentially two different states of association between Hsc70 and HSJ1b. ATP and heat treatment at 42oC with luciferase were identified as factors which promote the conversion of the oligomeric Hsc70/HSJ1b species to the ~220 kDa Hsc70/HSJ1b species. Domain variants of Hsc70 were then generated and their ability to complex with HSJ1b was investigated. Using these Hsc70 domain variants, the region on Hsc70 paramount for polymerisation was identified. The C-terminal 10 kDa lid region was found to be essential for the chaperone/co-chaperone interaction, since the removal of this zone alters binding, function and conformational properties of the Hsc70 and HSJ1b interaction. X-ray crystallography studies on the full length and the domain complexes were carried out, leading to the structure of the apo form of the nucleotide binding domain of Hsc70. Preliminary electron microscopy (EM) analysis was undertaken of the recombinant Hsc70/HSJ1b complex. The preliminary results from negative staining revealed mostly circular particles and were extremely encouraging. Currently work is being carried out to improve sample homogeneity, which will facilitate further EM studies. Thus the recombinant complex generated in this study is an attractive tool to further our understanding of the functional and structural features of the interactions of Hsp70 with Hsp40.
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Ludtke, Paul Jayson. "The role of phosducin-like protein as a co-chaperone with the cytosolic chaperonin complex in assembly of the G protein *y subunit dimer /." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2007. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd1807.pdf.
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Ludtke, Paul Jayson. "The Role of Phosducin-like Protein as a Co-chaperone with the Cytosolic Chaperonin Complex in Assembly of the G Protein βγ Subunit Dimer." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2007. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/1314.
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Phosducin-like protein (PhLP) has been shown to interact with the cytosolic chaperonin containing TCP-1 (CCT), and the βγ subunit dimer of heterotrimeric G proteins (Gβγ). Here we provide details obtained from cryo-electron microscopic and biochemical studies on the structure of the complex between the cytosolic chaperonin CCT and PhLP. Binding of PhLP to CCT occurs through only one of the two chaperonin rings, making multiple contacts with CCT through both its N- and C-terminal domains. In addition, we show that PhLP acts as a co-chaperonin along with CCT in mediating the assembly of the G protein βγ subunit and that assembly is dependant upon the phosphorylation of PhLP by the protein kinase CK2. Variants of PhLP lacking the CK2 phosphorylation sites, or variants with an inability to bind Gβγ block the assembly process and inhibit G protein signaling. PhLP forms a complex with CCT and nascent Gβ prior to the release of Gβγ from the ternary complex and subsequent association with the Gγ subunit to form the Gβγ dimer. In order to understand the mechanism of Gβγ dimer assembly and the role of PhLP phosphorylation in the assembly process, we provide here a method for the purification of the PhLP·CCT·Gβ ternary complex of sufficient purity for structural studies.
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Amin-Wetzel, Niko. "Regulation of mammalian IRE1α : co-chaperones and their importance." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/274869.
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When unfolded proteins accumulate in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), the unfolded protein response (UPR) increases ER protein folding capacity to restore protein folding homeostasis. Unfolded proteins activate UPR signalling across the ER membrane to the nucleus by promoting oligomerisation of IRE1, a conserved transmembrane ER stress receptor. Despite significant research, the mechanism of coupling ER stress to IRE1 oligomerisation and activation has remained contested. There are two proposed mechanisms by which IRE1 may sense accumulating unfolded proteins. In the direct binding mechanism, unfolded proteins are able to bind directly to IRE1 to drive its oligomerisation. In the chaperone inhibition mechanism, unfolded proteins compete for the repressive BiP bound to IRE1 leaving IRE1 free to oligomerise. Currently, these two mechanisms respectively lack compelling in vivo and in vitro evidence required to assess their validity. The work presented here first describes in vivo experiments that identify a role of the ER co-chaperone ERdj4 as an IRE1 repressor that promotes a complex between the luminal Hsp70 BiP and the luminal stress-sensing domain of IRE1α (IRE1LD). This is then built on by a series of in vitro experiments showing that ERdj4 catalyses formation of a repressive BiP-IRE1LD complex and that this complex can be disrupted by the presence of competing unfolded protein substrates to restore IRE1LD to its default, dimeric, and active state. The identification of ERdj4 and the in vitro reconstitution of chaperone inhibition establish BiP and its J-domain co-chaperones as key regulators of the UPR. This thesis also utilises the power of Cas9-CRISPR technology to introduce specific mutations into the endogenous IRE1α locus and to screen for derepressing IRE1α mutations. Via this methodology, two predicted unstructured regions of IRE1 are found to be important for IRE1 repression. Finally, this thesis challenges recent in vitro findings concerning the direct binding mechanism.
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Tracy, Christopher M. "The Roles of Phosducin-Like Protein 1 and Programmed Cell Death Protein 5 as Molecular Co-Chaperones of the Cytosolic Chaperonin Complex." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2014. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/5277.
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A fundamental question in biology is how proteins, which are synthesized by the ribosome as a linear sequence of amino acids, fold into their native functional state. Many proteins require the assistance of molecular chaperones to maneuver through the folding process to protect them from aggregation and to help them reach their native state in the very concentrated protein environment of the cell. This study focuses on the roles of Phosducin-like Protein 1 (PhLP1) and Programmed Cell Death Protein 5 (PDCD5) as molecular co-chaperones of the Cytosolic Chaperonin Complex (CCT).Signaling in retinal photoreceptors is mediated by canonical G protein pathways. Previous in vitro studies have demonstrated that Gβ subunits rely on CCT and its co-chaperone PhLP1 to fold and assemble into Gβγ and RGS-Gβ5 heterodimers. The importance of PhLP1 in the assembly process was first demonstrated in vivo in a retinal rod photoreceptor-specific deletion of PhLP1. To test whether this mechanism applied to other cell types, we prepared a second mouse line that specifically disrupts the PhLP1 gene in cone photoreceptor cells and measured the effects on G-protein expression and cone visual signal transduction. In PhLP1 depleted cones, Gt2 and RGS9-Gβ5 levels were dramatically reduced, resulting a 60-fold decrease in cone sensitivity and a 50-fold increase in cone photoresponse recovery time. These results demonstrate a common mechanism of Gβγ and RGS9-Gβ5 assembly in rods and cones, underlining the significance of PhLP1/CCT-mediated folding in G protein signaling.PDCD5 has been proposed to act as a pro-apoptotic factor and tumor suppressor. However, the mechanisms underlying its apoptotic function are largely unknown. A proteomics search for PhLP1 binding partners revealed a robust interaction between PDCD5 and CCT. PDCD5 formed a complex with CCT and β-tubulin, a key CCT folding substrate, and specifically inhibited β-tubulin folding. Cryo-electron microscopy studies of the PDCD5-CCT complex suggested a possible mechanism of inhibition of β-tubulin folding. PDCD5 binds the apical domain of the CCTβ subunit, projecting above the folding cavity without entering it. Like PDCD5, β-tubulin also interacts with the CCTβ apical domain, but a second site is found at the sensor loop deep within the folding cavity. These orientations of PDCD5 and β-tubulin suggest that PDCD5 sterically interferes with β-tubulin binding to the CCTβ apical domain and inhibits β-tubulin folding. Given the importance of tubulins in cell division and proliferation, PDCD5 might exert its apoptotic function at least in part through inhibition of β-tubulin folding.
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Baptista, Mauricio Zuccolotto 1975. "Padrões de expressão de GRP78 em mulheres com câncer de mama tratadas com antracíclicos." [s.n.], 2010. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/309547.
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Orientadores: Gustavo Antonio de Souza, José VassalloDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Faculdade de Ciências Médicas
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-16T10:53:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Baptista_MauricioZuccolotto_M.pdf: 8709827 bytes, checksum: 83a90faa4c0b3ee087444229cb9deee0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010
Resumo: Introdução: Evidências pré-clínicas implicam GRP78 como um possível marcador de resistência em quimioterapia baseada em antracíclicos em câncer de mama. Objetivos: O presente estudo avalia a relação entre a expressão de GRP78 no retículo endoplasmático (RE) e na membrana celular (MC) e a sobrevida global (SG) e a sobrevida livre de progressão (SLP) em pacientes tratadas com antracíclicos na adjuvância. Sujeitos e Métodos: Foram selecionadas 106 pacientes com estádios II e III de câncer de mama. Os dados clínicos foram obtidos de prontuários médicos. O microarranjo de tecidos (TMA) foi construído com blocos de parafina de tumores de mama. A expressão de GRP78 foi avaliada por imuno-histoquímica utilizando quatro cenários distintos: os cenários de alto e baixo limiar para o RE e os cenários de alto e baixo limiar para a MC. Resultados: O follow-up médio foi de 7.54 anos. Nos cenários de alto-limiar, 16% dos casos resultaram em GRP78-positiva para o RE e 40% em GRP78- positiva para a MC. Nos cenários de baixo-limiar, 74% dos casos resultaram em GRP78-positiva para o RE e 87% em GRP78-positiva para a MC. 10% dos casos mostraram nível forte (3+) de intensidade de coloração para GRP78 na MC. Ao término do seguimento não foi encontrada nenhuma relação entre a expressão de GRP78, a progressão de doença e o risco relativo de morte. O mesmo ocorreu com as probabilidades de sobrevida livre de progressão, exceto para mulheres acima de 50 anos de idade e pós-menopausadas, que tiveram um risco reduzido (RR=0.03; IC95% 0.01 a 0.40) de progressão de doença se positivas para GRP78. Não houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre as probabilidades de sobrevida em nenhum dos cenários examinados. Conclusões: Em nossa coorte, a superexpressão de GRP78 não foi significativamente associada à SG e à SLP das mulheres que receberam quimioterapia adjuvante baseada em antracíclicos. Este estudo fornece evidência que sustenta a forte atividade de GRP78 na membrana celular de células de câncer de mama.
Abstract: Introduction: Preclinical evidence implicates GRP78 as one possible marker of resistance to anthracycline-based adjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer patients. Objectives: The present study assessed the relation between GRP78 expression in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and cell membrane (CM) of breast malignancies and overall (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) of patients treated with anthracyclines in the adjuvant setting. Subjects and Methods: 106 stage II/III breast cancer patients were selected. Clinical data were retrieved from medical reports. Tissue Microarray was constructed from paraffin blocks of breast tumors. GRP78 expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry using four distinct scenarios: low and high GRP78 expression thresholds for ER and CM. Results: The median follow-up was 7.54 years. In the high-threshold scenarios, 16% of our cases were GRP78-positive for ER, and 40% were GRP78-positive for CM. In the low-threshold scenarios, 74% of our cases were GRP78-positive for ER, and 87% were GRP78-positive for CM. 10% of all cases showed strong (3+) CM staining of GRP78. By the end of the follow-up, no relation was found between GRP78 expression and disease progression and the relative risk of death. The same was true for the PFS probabilities, except for women above fifty years and postmenopausal, who had a reduced risk (RR=0.03; 95%CI 0.01 to 0.40) of disease progression if positive for GRP78. There was no statistically significant difference between the survival probabilities in any scenarios examined. Conclusions: In our cohort, GRP78 overexpression was not a predictor of OS or PFS of patients receiving anthracycline adjuvant chemotherapy. This study provides evidence supporting strong GRP78 activity in the CM of breast cancer cells.
Mestrado
Ciencias Biomedicas
Mestre em Tocoginecologia
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Seraphim, Thiago Vargas. "Estudo estrutural da co-chaperona Aha1 (Activator of Hsp90 ATPase 1) de Leishmania braziliensis e da sua ação sobre o ciclo funcional da Hsp90." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/75/75133/tde-25112015-102054/.
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As chaperonas moleculares atuam no enovelamento de proteínas, montagem de complexos, prevenção/recuperação de proteínas de agregados e encaminhamento de proteínas mal enoveladas para depuração. As Hsp90 são chaperonas moleculares que atuam estabilizando proteínas relacionadas a vias de sinalização, crescimento celular, processos transcricionais e traducionais, estabilidade do genoma, entre outras, sendo essencial para a viabilidade celular. Em protozoários do gênero Leishmania, as Hsp90 são imprescindíveis no desenvolvimento, adaptação e transformação celular. Estes fatores fazem das Hsp90 alvos potenciais para o tratamento de patologias, como a leishmaniose, uma doença tropical negligenciada. As Hsp90 são homodímeros flexíveis onde cada protômero é dividido em três domínios denominados N, M e C. As Hsp90 possuem um ciclo conformacional associado ao seu ciclo funcional e sua baixa atividade ATPásica, o qual é direcionado e regulado por proteínas auxiliares, as co-chaperonas. A co-chaperona Aha1 atua estimulando a atividade ATPásica da Hsp90, participando da maturação de proteínas quinase e receptores de hormônios. O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar estruturalmente a proteína Aha1 de L. braziliensis (LbAha1) e seu mecanismo de interação com a Hsp90 desse organismo (LbHsp90). A LbAha1 é formada por dois domínios, LbAha1N e LbAha1C, conectados entre si por um linker flexível. Experimentos de identificação in vivo mostraram que a LbAha1 e LbHsp90 são proteínas cognatas. A LbAha1 e as construções de seus domínios (LbAha1N e LbAha1C) recombinantes foram obtidas puras e enoveladas. A LbAha1 é estruturada em dois domínios com diferentes estabilidades, que não interagem entre si e se enovelam independentemente, porém influenciam-se reciprocamente. Em solução, a LbAha1 se comporta como um monômero alongado e possui notável flexibilidade, com dimensão suficiente para interagir com os domínios N e M da LbHsp90. A análise da interação entre a LbAha1 e LbHsp90 revelou que a associação destas proteínas é dirigida entalpicamente, ocorrendo através de interações eletrostáticas e com estequiometria de 2 moléculas de LbAha1 por dímero de LbHsp90. O mapeamento de regiões envolvidas na interação indicou que o domínio LbAha1N e o domínio M da LbHsp90 compõem o cerne da interação e somente a LbAha1 íntegra é capaz de encaminhar a LbHsp90 para um estado fechado. Experimentos de cinética enzimática mostraram que somente a LbAha1 íntegra estimula a atividade ATPásica da LbHsp90 por meio de um mecanismo cooperativo positivo. Assim, é proposto que a conexão entre os domínios da LbAha1, via linker, é essencial para o direcionamento da LbHsp90 para um estado conformacional fechado e competente na hidrólise de ATP.Molecular chaperones play a role in protein folding, complex assembly, prevention/recover of proteins from aggregates and targeting misfolded proteins to depuration. Hsp90 molecular chaperones work stabilizing proteins related to signaling pathways, cell growth, transcription and translation processes, genome stability, among others, and are essential to cell viability. In protozoa of the genus Leishmania, Hsp90s are indispensable for cell developing, adaptation and transformation. These factors make Hsp90s potential targets for pathologies treatment, such as leishmaniasis, a neglected tropical disease. Hsp90s are flexible homodimers and each protomer is divided into three domains named N, M and C. Hsp90s have a conformational cycle associated to its functional cycle and low ATPase activity, which is directed and regulated by auxiliary proteins, so-called cochaperones. Aha1 co-chaperone stimulates Hsp90 ATPase activity, participating on protein kinase and hormone receptors maturation. This work aimed to characterize the structure of the Aha1 from L. braziliensis (LbAha1) and its mechanism of interaction with the Hsp90 from the same organism (LbHsp90). LbAha1 is formed by two domains, LbAha1N and LbAha1C, connected to each other by a flexible linker. In vivo experiments identified LbAha1 and LbHsp90 as cognate proteins. Recombinant LbAha1 and its domains construct (LbAha1N and LbAha1C) were obtained pure and folded. LbAha1 is divided into two domains with dissimilar stabilities and they do not interact to each other. In spite of this they fold independently and influence each other reciprocally. LbAha1 behaves as an elongated monomer in solution and has a remarkable flexibility, with sufficient dimension to interact to LbHsp90 N and M domains. The analysis of the LbAha1-LbHsp90 interaction revealed that the association between these two proteins is enthalpically driven, occurring through electrostatic interactions in a stoichiometry of 2 LbAha1 molecules per LbHsp90 dimer. Domain mapping experiments indicated that LbAha1N and LbHsp90 M domains compose the core of the interaction and only full length LbAha1 is able to direct LbHsp90 toward a closed state. Enzyme kinetics experiments showed that only full length LbAha1 stimulates LbHsp90 ATPase activity through a positive cooperative mechanism. Thus, it is proposed that the connection between the LbAha1 domains, via linker, is essential to direct the LbHsp90 toward a closed and ATPase-competent conformational state.
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Linden, Liana de Salles van der. "Avaliação da proteína disulfeto isomerase A1 (PDIA1) como marcador para a qualidade seminal em garanhões." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/182414.
Full textAbstract:
O período de puberdade, em equinos, define-se pela aparição de espermatozóides maduros no ejaculado de animais jovens, bem como a maturação das funções endócrinas. Os espermatozóides precisam passar por um processo de maturação no epidídimo. Para se obter marcadores moleculares que permitam estabelecer a fertilidade de um garanhão, é necessário um melhor conhecimento das proteínas presentes em espermatozóides imaturos e maduros, uma das quais é a PDI (proteína dissulfeto-isomerase). A PDI foi descrita também como importante marcador de fertilidade no plasma seminal e espermatozóides de diversas espécies. O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar a presença da PDI no epidídimo equino durante a puberdade, e quantificá-la no fluido e espermatozóides epididimários. Visou verificar a presença da PDI no plasma seminal e espermatozóides ejaculados, em garanhões férteis e subférteis. Foram realizados dois experimentos: Experimento 1: utilizou-se 22 equinos Crioulos saudáveis, castrados e divididos em três grupos: G1: potros até 24 meses, G2: de 25-36 meses e G3: a partir de 36 meses. Imediatamente após a castração, foi efetuada a dissecação do epidídimo para a coleta de fluido epididimário, o qual foi separado dos espermatozoides por centrifugação a 800 g por 10minutos. O sobrenadante foi removido, e criopreservado a -196º C. Os espermatozóides foram ressuspendidos em PBS e armazenados a -196º C. Para a dosagem de proteína das amostras, utilizou-se o método de Kit BCA espectrofotômetro e a eletroforese em gel de poliacrilamida a 10% SDS- Page.Para imunodetecção das proteínas, efetuou-se a incubação do anticorpo primário específico por no mínimo, 6 horas a 4º C, e incubação com anticorpo secundário conjugado com peroxidase anti-igG de camundongo ou anti-IgG de rato. Para a visualização das bandas foi utilizado o Kit de ECL em filmes de raio-X, e as bandas quantificadas pela utilização do software livre ImageJ. A PDI foi identificada nos três grupos avaliados na análise proteômica do fluido , e espermatozoides epididimários, sendo sua quantidade inferior no G1 em relação aos grupos dois (2) e três (3). Em conclusão, a expressão da PDI nos espermatozóides e fluido epididimários de potros castrados cirurgicamente, aumenta conforme o animal atinge a maturidade sexual. Experimento 2- Utilizou-se 12 garanhões adultos que já haviam sido submetidos à pelo menos duas temporadas de monta na região da Campanha do Rio Grande do Sul, efetuando-se quatro (4) coletas de cada garanhão, fora da estação de monta, respeitando-se um intervalo de 48h entre coletas. Imediatamente após a coleta, analisou-se motilidade, vigor e concentração com auxílio de microscópio óptico e retirou-se uma alíquota de sêmen para avaliação das patologias espermáticas. A partir dos dados obtidos, os garanhões foram divididos em dois grupos: Grupo 1: motilidade não inferior a 70%, tendo-se uma média de 76,04±5,89% e histórico reprodutivo de temporadas anteriores com índice de prenhez mínimo por temporada de 80%. Grupo 2: motilidade igual ou inferior a 30%, com média de 11,83±11,21%, e histórico reprodutivo de temporadas anteriores de índices de prenhez inferiores a 35%. Efetuadas as análises, as mostras foram centrifugadas a 800 g por 10 minutos para separar o plasma seminal, de mesma forma que no Exp. 1. Os pellets passaram por ressuspensão em PBS gelado e posteriormente armazenados a -196º C. As amostras foram submetidas à dosagem das proteínas, para serem submetidas à eletroforese, utilizando-se géis de poliacrilamida a 10% SDS-Page.Para imunodetecção das proteínas, efetuou-se a incubação do anticorpo primário específico por no mínimo, 6 horas a 4º C, e incubação com anticorpo secundário conjugado com peroxidase anti-igG de camundongo ou anti-IgG de rato. Na visualização das bandas foi utilizado o Kit de ECL em filmes de raio-X, e as bandas foram quantificadas pela utilização do software livre Image J. Ao analisar a presença da PDI no plasma seminal dos garanhões, verificou-se sua expressão em ambos os grupos; porém não houve diferença de expressão da PDI entre eles(p˂0,05). Não houve também relação da PDI com motilidade, nem com a concentração espermática. Considerando os dados obtidos no presente experimento, não foi possível relacionar a PDI com qualidade espermática e assim considerá-la como um potencial marcador de fertilidade em equinos. São necessários mais estudos que possam envolver outros fatores moleculares inclusive as demais proteínas da família das PDIs.Puberty, in the equine species, may be defined by the appearance of mature spermatozoa in young animals´ ejaculates, as well as endocrine function maturation. One of the proteins found in immature and mature spermatozoa is PDI (protein dissulfide-isomerase). PDI was also described as an important fertility marker both in seminal plasma and sperm of many species. is responsible for rearranging dissulfide bonds, necessary for sperm adhesion proteins to link to the oocyte. The aim of this work was to identify PDI in equine epididymis during puberty, and quantify it in epididymal sperm and fluid of fertile and subfertile sperm. Two experiments were performed. Experiment 1-twenty-two healthy Crioulo colts were surgically castrated, and divided in three groups: G1: until 24 months; G2: from 25-36 months and G3: more than 36 months. Immediately after castration, testicles were measured, weighed, and the epididymis was dissecated for epididymal fluid collection, which was centrifuged at 800 g for 10minutes to separate epididymal fluid from sperm. Supernatant was removed, and cryopreserved at -196º C. Sperm were re-suspended in PBS and stored at -196º C. Protein dosing of samples was performed with BCA Kit and electrophoresis at 10% SDS-Page. To detect proteins, primary antibody was incubated for at least 6 hours at 4º C, and then incubation with secondary antibody conjugated with anti-mouse IgG or anti-rat IgG. To see bands, ECL Kit in X-ray films was used, and the bands quantified with softwareImageJ. In the three groups PDI was identified, in epididymal fluid and epididymal sperm, but in smaller amount in G1 when compared with Groups 2 and 3. In conclusion, expression of PDI in epididymal fluid and sperm of surgically castrated colts, increases as the animal attains sexual maturity. Experiment 2- The aim of this work was to verify the presence of PDI in equine seminal plasma and sperm, quantify it and to compare its expression on seminal plasma from fertile and subfertile stallions. Twelve adult stallions with at least two breeding season were used. For the study, four collections of each animal were performed. Immediately after collection, analysis of motility, velocity, concentration and sperm morphology were performed. Stallions were divided in two groups, according to the semen analysis and previous breeding history: Group 1: motility greater than 70% and previous history of pregnancy rates higher than 80%; Group 2: sperm motility less or equal than 30% and breeding history of less than 35% of pregnacy per season. After the analysis, samples were centrifuged at 800 g/10minutes to remove seminal plasma. Samples were prepared as described in Exp. 1. The expression of PDI in seminal plasma was seen in both groups, but with no statistical difference between them. There was no correlation of PDI with sperm motility or concentration. According to these findings, it is not possible to consider PDI as a fertility marker in stallions. More research is needed, involving other mollecular factors, including other PDIs family proteins.
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Barry, Amanda Nell. "Spectroscopic studies of the human copper chaperone for superoxide dismutase : probing the active cluster with selenocysteine variants." Full text open access at:, 2007. http://content.ohsu.edu/u?/etd,258.
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Alaamery, Manal. "Schizosaccharomyces pombe glucose/cAMP signaling requires the Hsp90/Git10 chaperone and the Git7 co-chaperone." Thesis, Boston College, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/34.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis advisor: Charles HoffmanThe fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe senses environmental glucose through a cAMP-signaling pathway. Elevated cAMP levels activate protein kinase A (PKA) to inhibit transcription of genes involved in sexual development and gluconeogenesis, including the fbp1⁺ gene, which encodes fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase. Glucose-mediated activation of PKA requires the function of nine git genes (git=glucose insensitive transcription), encoding adenylate cyclase, the PKA catalytic subunit and seven “upstream” proteins required for glucose-triggered adenylate cyclase activation. This thesis describes the cloning and characterization of the git10⁺ gene, which is identical to swo1⁺ and encodes the S. pombe Hsp90 chaperone protein. This discovery is consistent with the previous identification of the Git7 protein as a member of the Sgt1 Hsp90 co-chaperone family. Glucose repression of fbp1⁺ transcription is impaired by both hsp90⁻ and git7⁻ mutant alleles, as well as by chemical inhibition of Hsp90 activity and temperature stress. Unlike the swo1⁻ and git7⁻ ts mutant alleles, the git10-201 allele and git7-93 allele support cell growth at 37º and show no cytokinesis defect, while severely reducing glucose repression of an fbp1-lacZ reporter, suggesting a separation-of-function defect. A physical interaction between Git7 and Hsp90 in S. pombe was also detected and findings in this thesis suggest their involvement in the initial assembly of the cAMP complex
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2008
Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Biology
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Silva, Sabrina Matos de Oliveira da. "Clonagem, expressão heteróloga e caracterização da proteína de escolta da Hsp70 de Leishmania braziliensis." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/75/75132/tde-27102011-085909/.
Full textAbstract:
A Leishmaniose é uma doença infecciosa causada por protozoários flagelados do gênero Leishmania. Os parasitas como a Leishmania braziliensis, sofrem várias mudanças morfológicas durante seu ciclo de vida, incluindo a troca de organismo hospedeiro. Durante essas mudanças, proteínas de choque térmico ou chaperones moleculares, como, por exemplo, a Hsp70, são expressas em grande quantidade. A função da Hsp70 é auxiliar no processo de enovelamento protéico, no transporte de proteínas entre as membranas e em muitas outras importantes funções celulares. A Hsp70 é auxiliada por várias proteínas denominadas como co-chaperone e a Hep1 (do inglês Hsp70-escort protein 1) é uma delas. Essa co-chaperone tem seu papel descrito principalmente em mitocôndrias como estabilizadoras da Hsp70 capazes de prevenir a sua agregação. O objetivo deste trabalho foi clonar, expressar, purificar e caracterizar as proteínas Hsp70 e Hep1 de L. braziliensis (LbHsp70 e LbHep1). Os ensaios preliminares mostraram que a LbHsp70 foi expressa de forma insolúvel, sendo necessário expressar a proteína em corpos de inclusão para tentativas de reenovelamento, afim de obter a mesma na fração solúvel. Apesar da LbHsp70 se apresentar na fração solúvel após o reenovelamento, a mesma foi purificada como agregado. Ainda na tentativa de obter a LbHsp70 na forma solúvel, a mesma foi co-expressa com a LbHep1 (expressa na forma solúvel), porém a LbHsp70 continuou na fração insolúvel do lisado bacteriano. Como a LbHep1 não apresentou a atividade esperada quando co-expressa com a LbHsp70 citoplasmática, foram feitos ensaios de co-expressão da LbHep1 com a Hsp70 mitocondrial humana, que é heterologamente expressa na forma de agregados, com o intuito de confirmar a atividade estabilizadora das Hep1 sobre as Hsp70 mitocondriais. Este experimento possibilitou a obtenção de ambas proteínas na fração solúvel, de acordo com dados apresentados na literatura para este sistema em outros organismos. Uma vez mostrada à funcionalidade da LbHep1, foi feita a caracterização desta proteína por métodos biofísicos como dicroísmo circular, espectrometria de fluorescência, cromatografia de exclusão molecular analítica e ultracentrifugação analítica. Os experimentos mostraram que a LbHep1 apresenta estrutura secundária composta principalmente de folhas-β pregueadas e que o único triptofano está parcialmente exposto ao solvente. As análises hidrodinâmicas mostraram que a LbHep1 é assimétrica e em equilíbrio entre monômeros e dímeros. Por fim, dados de ultracentrifugação analítica indicam que a LbHep1 está em equilíbrio monômero-dímero.Leishmaniasis is an infectious disease caused by flagellate protozoa of the genus Leishmania. The parasites such as Leishmania braziliensis undergo various morphological changes during its life cycle, including the exchange of the host organism. During these changes, heat shock proteins or molecular chaperones like Hsp70, for example, are expressed in large amounts. The function of Hsp70 is to assist in the process of protein folding, protein transport between the membranes and many other important cellular functions. The Hsp70 is assisted by several proteins called co-chaperones and the Hsp70-escort protein (Hep1) is one of them. This co-chaperone has been described based on its role as a stabilizer of mitochondrial Hsp70 preventing their aggregation. The objective of this study was to clone, express, purify and characterize the Hsp70 and Hep1 ortologues of Leishmania braziliensis (LbHsp70 and LbHep1). The preliminary tests showed that LbHsp70 was expressed in the insoluble form, being necessary to express the protein in inclusion bodies to attempt its refolding in order to get it in the soluble fraction. Despite LbHsp70 was obtained in the soluble fraction after refolding, it was purified as aggregates. Still trying to get the LbHsp70 in the soluble form, it was co-expressed with LbHep1 (always expressed in the soluble form), but LbHsp70 remained in the insoluble fraction of the bacterial lysate. As LbHep1 showed no expected activity when co-expressed with LbHsp70, which is citoplasmatic, we tested if LbHep1 was able to act on human mitochondrial Hsp70 which is expressed as aggregates in bacterial heterologous systems. Then, we co-expressed LbHep1 with human mitochondrial Hsp70 which allowed obtaining both proteins in the soluble fraction, in according to data presented in the literature. Once the functionality of LbHep1 was showed, we characterize this protein by biophysical methods such as circular dichroism, fluorescence spectrometry, molecular exclusion chromatography and analytical ultracentrifugation analysis. The experiments showed that the secondary structure features LbHep1 composed mainly of β-sheets and that the only tryptophan is partially exposed to solvent. Hydrodynamic analysis showed that the protein is asymmetric and in equilibrium between monomers and dimers. Finally, analytical ultracentrifugation data indicate that LbHep1 is a system in equilibrium monomer-dimer.
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Boules, Sophia. "L’évolution du Petit Chaperon rouge." Scholar Commons, 2017. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6683.
Full textAbstract:
Creating and writing fairy tales is a literary exercise that was introduced in the salons of the XVII century. Madame d'Aulnoy and Charles Perrault began to write the fairy tales that became fashionable at the court of King Louis XIV. Despite the simplicity of their narrative patterns, the tales carry messages that affect all readers. First addressed to adults, fairy tales dealt with anxieties, fears and desires of the human being.
Little Red Riding Hood is one of the most famous tales in the world. Universally loved, this cautionary tale has experienced much evolution through the centuries. There are some differences between the very bloody oral version and the version of Perrault. A century later, the version of the two German brothers, the brothers Grimm, became the best-known version. But the story’s main rudiments have not changed: the little girl, the wolf, the mother, the grandmother and the forest, these elements have not ceased to inspire the authors up to the present day.
Today the rewriting of fairy tales has become an art in its own right. If we look at the market of youth literature, we will find hundreds of tales rewritten and modernized. Writers take advantage of the popularity of these tales that fascinate adults as well as children. Little Red Riding Hood has turned into a story about a little girl with a Little Hood of all colors: navy blue or green.
Among a long list of rewritten tales we have chosen to study five. The first tale is taken from the collection entitled Contes à l'envers by Dumas and Moissard: Le Petit Chaperon bleu marine (Little Navy Blue Riding Hood) This tale written in 2009 represents a clear illustration of the transfigured tale. The other four tales we have chosen are written by Geoffroy de Pennart. Through the study of these tales, we shall see how the character of the wolf has changed from the wretched wolf of Perrault. Le loup est revenue (The Wolf Has Returned) published in 1994 presents all the animals of the traditional tales that are afraid of the return of the wolf. Le loup sentimental (The Sentimental Wolf) released in 1998, features several famous characters from the classical tales and creates unexpected links between all these characters. The third tale is Chapeau rond rouge (Red Round Hat) published in 2004; this tale is a parody of the classic tale. Finally Le retour de Chapeau rond rouge (The Return of Red Round Hat) released in 2011 is a contemporary tale that refers to three previous tales: The Little Red Riding Hood, Goldilocks and the Three Bears and Red Round Hat.
Through the reading of these five modern tales we can follow the course of the evolution of the tale. This study examines the evolution of the classic tale, its rewriting and intertextual correlations in the tale of Little Red Riding Hood. By analyzing adapted and rewritten modern tales, this research attempts to demonstrate that a rewritten tale is read only in light of the knowledge of the original tale. Inverted, transfigured or mixed, these tales offer the reader a great pleasure. The audience enjoys reading these texts full of humor and references winks compared to the classic tale. The role of heroes is often reversed in modern tales and morality does not remain the same. Thanks to this reading of the second degree of the rewritten tale, children discover and deepen their gaze in regards to the modern world.
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Al-Fawares, O'la. "Structure-fonction des protéines Hsp70-like chez les mycobactéries." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU30025.
Full textAbstract:
Les protéines Hsp70 appartiennent à une famille de chaperons moléculaires très conservés qui jouent un rôle essentiel dans le contrôle qualité des protéines et qui protègent les cellules contre diverses agressions de l'environnement. Pour fonctionner comme un chaperon moléculaire, les protéines Hsp70 agissent de concert avec plusieurs co-chaperons et co-facteurs nécessaires au fonctionnement de son cycle ATPasique. Nos travaux montrent que les bactéries du genre Mycobacterium codent pour une nouvelle famille de protéines atypiques apparentées à Hsp70 dont l'architecture s'articule autour d'un domaine ATPase putatif à l'extrémité N-terminale, similaire au domaine de la superfamille Hsp70-actine, d’un segment transmembranaire (TMD) putatif et d'une longue région riche en proline/thréonine (P/T) en sa partie C-terminale. Le but de ce travail de thèse était d’étudier la fonction et la localisation cellulaire des protéines de type Hsp70 chez les mycobactéries. Nous avons d’abord constaté que la protéine Hsp70-Like de M. smegmatis (Msmg_Hsp70-Like) se localisait en foci distincts à la membrane des cellules et que son expression induisait un phénotype d’agrégation cellulaire. Afin d’éclaircir le rôle des domaines putatifs TMD et P/T, nous avons construit un ensemble de mutants dans lesquels ces éléments structurels ont été supprimés. Nous avons constaté que le domaine TMD putatif était important pour la localisation de Hsp70-Like, pour la formation des foci à la membrane et pour le phénotype d'agrégation des cellules. En revanche, le domaine riche en P/T n’a aucun effet sur ces phénotypes. In vitro, le domaine ATPase putatif de Msmg_Hsp70-Like a été purifié et des essais de cristallisation sont en cours. Des expériences supplémentaires restent cependant nécessaires pour évaluer la fonction de cette nouvelle famille de protéinesHsp70 belongs to a highly conserved family of molecular chaperone proteins that unambiguously plays essential roles in protein quality control, protecting cells against various environmental insults. To function as a bona fide molecular chaperone, Hsp70 acts in concert with several co-chaperones and nucleotide exchange factors to complete its ATP-dependent chaperone cycle. Our work shows that bacteria from the genus Mycobacterium encode new atypical Hsp70-Like proteins that share a common architecture: a putative ATPase domain at the N-terminus similar to members of the Hsp70-actin superfamily, a single putative transmembrane domain (TMD) in the middle of the protein and a long proline/threonine (P/T) - rich region at the C-terminal. The aim of this thesis work was to shed light on the function and the cellular localization of Hsp70-like proteins in mycobacteria. We first found that Msmg Hsp70-Like protein localizes to discrete foci within cells and that its expression induces a cell aggregation phenotype. To shed light on the role of the putative TMD and P/T- rich domains in Hsp70-Like, we engineered a set of mutants in which these structural elements were deleted. We found that the central putative TMD was important for the cell envelop localization of Hsp70-Like, for the formation of foci and for cell aggregation. In contrast, the P/T-rich had no effect on these phenomena. In vitro the putative ATPase domain of Msmg Hsp70-Like was purified and crystallization trials were performed. Further research is needed to assess the function of this novel family of proteins
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Benoit, Matthias. "Histone H3 variants and chaperones in Arabidopsis thaliana heterochromatin dynamics." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014CLF22497/document.
Full textAbstract:
Afin d’étudier la prise en charge des histones H3 jusqu’à l’ADN et pour comprendre l’influence de leur dynamique dans l’organisation d’ordre supérieur de la chromatine, une analyse des chaperonnes d’histones a été menée. Nous avons identifié et caractérisé les sous-unités du complexe HIR, impliqué dans l’assemblage de la chromatine réplication-indépendante chez Arabidopsis. La perte d’AtHIRA, la sous-unité centrale du complexe, affecte le niveau d’histone soluble, l’occupation nucléosomale des régions euchromatiniennes et héterochromatiniennes ainsi que la mise sous silence transcriptionnel des séquences d’ADN répétées. Alors que le complexe HIR ne participe pas à l’organisation d’ordre supérieur de la chromatine, j’ai montré que CAF-1, impliqué dans l’assemblage de la chromatine au cours de la réplication, joue un rôle central dans la formation des chromocentres. Lors du développement post-germinatif des cotylédons, les séquences d’ADN répétées centromériques et péricentromériques se concentrent dans les chromocentres et s’enrichissent en histone H3.1 de manière CAF-1 dépendante. Cet enrichissement, associé à des modifications post-traductionnelles d’histones associées à un état répressif de la transcription, participe à la formation des chromocentres et met en évidence l’importance de l’assemblage de la chromatine par CAF-1 dans la structure et le maintien du génome. Alors que la perte individuelle de HIR ou de CAF-1 n’affecte pas la viabilité, l’absence des deux complexes altère fortement l’occupation nucléosomale et le développement des plantes. Ceci suggère que la compensation fonctionnelle entre ces complexes de chaperonnes ainsi que la plasticité des voies de dépôt des histones restent limitéesTo understand how histones H3 are handled and how histone dynamics impact higher-order chromatin organization such as chromocenter formation in Arabidopsis, a comprehensive analysis of the different histone chaperone complexes is required. We identified and characterized the different subunits of the Arabidopsis HIR complex. AtHIRA is the central subunit and its loss affects non-nucleosomal histone levels, reduces nucleosomal occupancy not only at euchromatic but also at heterochromatic targets and alleviates transcriptional gene silencing. While the HIR complex-mediated histone deposition is dispensable for higher-order organization of Arabidopsis heterochromatin, I show that CAF-1 plays a central role in chromocenter formation. During postgermination development in cotyledons when centromeric and pericentromeric repeats cluster progressively into chromocenter structures, these repetitive elements but not euchromatic loci become enriched in H3.1 in a CAF-1- dependent manner. This enrichment, together with the appropriate setting of repressive histone post-translational marks, contributes to chromocenter formation, identifying chromatin assembly by CAF-1 as driving force in formation and maintenance of genome structure. Finally, while absence of HIR or CAF-1 complexes sustains viability, only the simultaneous loss of both severely impairs nucleosomal occupancy and plant development, suggesting a limited functional compensation between the different histone chaperone complexes and plasticity in histone variant interaction and deposition in plants
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Werstler, Yvonne. "Struktur-Funktionsanalyse des periplasmatischen Chaperons SurA aus Escherichia coli." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Lebenswissenschaftliche Fakultät, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/17578.
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Das SurA-Protein ist ein wichtiger Bestandteil der periplasmatischen Faltungsmaschinerie aus Escherichia coli. Trotz zahlreicher Erkenntnisse sind die Mechanismen der Substraterkennung und -bindung noch nicht abschließend geklärt. Das SurA-Protein ist aus einem Chaperonmodul und zwei PPIase-Domänen aufgebaut. Die Bindestelle eines artifiziellen Peptides wurde zu Beginn der Arbeit in der PPIase-inaktiven Parvulin-Domäne I publiziert. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wurde untersucht, ob auch biologisch relevante, natürliche Peptide an dieser Bindestelle interagieren und ob es noch weitere Substratbindestellen innerhalb von SurA gibt. In ESR-spektroskopischen Versuchen wurde die Interaktion der isolierten Parvulin-Domäne I von SurA mit Peptiden aus einer LamB-Peptid-Bibliothek, sowie mit dem artifiziellen Peptid analysiert. Die Bindung des artifiziellen Peptides und eines Peptides aus der LamB-Peptid-Bibliothek an die isolierte Parvulin-Domäne I konnte nachgewiesen werden. Für weitere an SurA-bindende Peptide konnte an dieser Position keine Interaktion nachgewiesen werden. Mittels des genetischen Indikatorsystems ToxR wurden gezielt Kontaktpunkte zwischen dimerisierten SurA-Untereinheiten bzw. zwischen SurA und Peptid unterbunden, um deren Einfluss auf die wechselseitige Interaktion zu untersuchen. Hierbei wurden einzelne Positionen in isolierten SurA-Domänen identifiziert, die an einer Interaktion beteiligt sind. Die Mutation dieser Interaktionsstellen führten zu keinem signifikanten Verlust der in vivo-Funktion, welche mittels der Fähigkeit der SurA-Varianten zur Komplementation des synthetisch letalen Phänotypen einer surA skp-Doppelmutante untersucht wurde. Die Grundlagen für die Methodik der photoaktivierbaren, ortsspezifischen Quervernetzung von OMP-Polypeptiden an SurA- bzw. SurAI-Proteine wurden etabliert.The SurA protein is an important part of the periplasmic folding machinery in Escherichia coli. Despite numerous findings are the mechanisms of substrate recognition and folding not yet completely resolved. The SurA protein consists of a chaperone module and two parvulin domains. In the beginning of this work a peptide binding site was published which was located in the PPIase inactive parvulin domain I. It was investigated in this thesis whether biological relevant, natural peptides would also bind with this binding site and if additional substrate binding sites exist within the SurA protein. In ESR-spectroscopy experiments both the interaction of the isolated parvulin domain I of SurA with peptides of a LamB peptide library and with the artificial peptide were examined. Binding of the artificial peptide and one peptide of the LamB peptide library to the isolated parvulin domain I could be detected. For the remaining tested peptides, which are confirmed to be SurA binders, no interaction could be verified at this position. By use of the genetic indicator system ToxR the contact points between dimerized SurA subunits respectively between SurA and peptide were prevented site-specifically to examine their influence on the mutual interaction. Here single positions in isolated SurA-domains were identified, which are part of an interaction. The mutation of these interaction sites lead to no significant loss of the in vivo function, which was analyzed by the capability of the SurA variants to complement the synthetic lethal phenotype of a surA skp double mutant. The fundamentals for the method of photoactivated site-specific crosslinking of OMP polypeptides to SurA respectively SurAI were established.
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Nault, Laurent. "Mécanismes moléculaires de l'agrégation de l'insuline induite par la surface des matériaux." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00846390.
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L'agrégation protéique induite par la surface des matériaux est un phénomène important dans la stabilité des protéines thérapeutiques. En utilisant l'insuline humaine, nous avons étudié les phénomènes agrégation en présence de surfaces neutres hydrophobes ou hydrophiles et avons montré que la nucléation a lieu sur les surfaces hydrophobes que l'on soit à pH 2.5 ou 7.3. Nous avons montré que l'énergie d'activation de la nucléation est abaissée sur surface hydrophobe. De plus, il apparait que l'agitation de la solution a des effets antagonistes. En particulier, les forces hydrodynamiques de cisaillement détachent de la surface les fibres. Par Résonance Plasmonique de Surface, spectroscopie infrarouge et microscopie à fluorescence, nous avons pu définir les étapes moléculaires ayant lieu à l'interface matériaux hydrophobe/solution. L'insuline s'adsorbe tout d'abord rapidement sur la surface, puis s'accumule lentement parallèlement à une transition de la structure α initiale vers une structure β, aboutissant à la formation de fibres amyloïdes. Par la suite, nous avons étudié le mécanisme d'action d'un peptide connu pour accélérer l'agrégation de l'insuline (LVEALYL). Ce peptide s'adsorbe de façon stable sur la surface hydrophobe en structure β et facilite l'accumulation d'insuline. De plus, il apparait que la séquence du peptide n'est pas essentielle à son action car différents peptides adoptant une structure β sur la surface sont également capables d'induire l'agrégation de l'insuline. La présence de prolines aboli cette action. Ces résultats apportent d'importantes informations sur les mécanismes moléculaires d'auto-association de l'insuline. L'hydrophobicité du matériau facilite le dépliement de l'insuline adsorbée, aboutissant à l'exposition du segment LVEALYL. Cette séquence facilite la propagation du changement de conformation vers les molécules nouvellement adsorbées. Agir contre ce phénomène pourrait permettre de stabiliser les solutions protéiques.
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Cepeda, Ana Oliva Tiroli. "Caracterização da relação entre estabilidade, estrutura e função de duas sHsps de cana-de-açucar e da Hsp40 da subfamilia A humana, chaperones envolvidos com o reconhecimento e apresentação de proteinas parcialmente enoveladas." [s.n.], 2007. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/314021.
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Orientador: Carlos Henrique Inacio RamosTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
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Resumo: As proteínas estão envolvidas com as mais diversas funções biológicas. No entanto, para realizar sua função adequadamente, uma proteína deve estar enovelada, ou seja, em sua conformação nativa. Para garantir isso, existe nas células, um elaborado sistema que envolve chaperones moleculares, capaz de auxiliar na prevenção do enovelamento incorreto e da agregação de proteínas Chaperones, de uma maneira geral, são proteínas que ligam e estabilizam polipeptídeos, facilitando seu enovelamento correto sem contribuir com informações conformacionais. O aumento no número de doenças provocadas pelo enovelamento incorreto de proteínas que se depositam nos tecidos na forma de amilóides (também chamadas de doenças conformacionais), tem chamado a atenção para estudos de agregados protéicos, que outrora foram considerados artefatos quando se trabalhava com esse tipo de macromolécula. Nesse sentido, o estudo de chaperones tem ganhado um interesse particular, já que são fortes candidatos ao combate de doenças amiloloidogênicas. Neste trabalho, são apresentados estudos sobre duas famílias de chaperones, a Hsp40 da subfamília A humana e duas sHsps de classe I de cana-de-açúcar, as quais estão envolvidas com o reconhecimento e a apresentação de substratos (proteínas parcialmente desenoveladas) para outras famílias de chaperones responsáveis pelo processo de reenovelamento. Essas duas famílias de chaperones em particular são também conhecidas como 'holdases¿, e são muito diversas, característica necessária para interagir com a grande diversidade de substratos em potencial que existe na célula. As duas sHsps estudadas aqui, as mais expressas em cana-de-açúcar, e a caracterização de suas estruturas e suas eficiências como chaperones, tornou possível a elaboração de uma hipótese sobre o mecanismo de ação dessas proteínas em função do aumento de temperatura. Nesse sentido, é mostrado neste trabalho que sHsps, respondem ao aumento de temperatura passando por expansão conformacional, provavelmente para aumentar a superfície hidrofóbica para a interação com os substratos. O efeito do calor sobre a Hsp40 também foi estudado e os resultados mostraram que essa proteína forma agregados com propriedades amiloidogênicas. Esta é a primeira vez que tais características são descritas para um chaperone de eucarioto. De maneira geral, as implicações dos resultados apresentados aqui podem aumentar o conhecimento geral sobre chaperones e sobre a pesquisa de tratamentos para as doenças conformacionais
Abstract: Proteins are involved with a large variety of biological functions. However, to function properly, proteins must be folded, i.e., they must reach their native conformation. According to that, an elaborated system involving molecular chaperones exists in the cell that helps to prevent the incorrect folding of proteins and also their aggregation. Chaperones, in a general way, are proteins that bind and stabilize polypeptides, facilitating its correct folding without contributing with conformational information. The increasing number of diseases caused by the incorrect folding of proteins that deposit in the form of amyloids (also called conformational diseases) has raised the interest in the study of protein aggregates, which, not long ago, where considered just purification artifacts. In this way, the study of chaperones has gained particular interest because they are potential candidates against amyloidogenic diseases. In this work, we present studies on two families of chaperones, a human Hsp40 from subfamily A and two sugar cane sHsps from class I, which are involved in substrate (partially unfolded proteins) recognition and presentation to other chaperone families that are more active in the protein refolding process. These particular chaperones are also know as 'holdases¿ and they are usually diverse, a characteristic necessary to interact with a large variety of substrate in the cell. The two sHsps studied here are the most expressed in sugar cane and their structure and chaperone efficiency characterization made possible to elaborate a hypothesis on the mechanism of action of these proteins when temperature increases. In that matter, we were able to show that sHsps respond to an increase in temperature by undergoing conformational expansion, likely to increase the hydrophobic area for substrate interaction. The effect of heat on Hsp40 has also been studied and our results showed that this protein form aggregates with amyloidogenic properties. To our knowledge, this is the first time that such characteristics are described for an eukaryotic chaperone. To sum up, we believe that the implications of the results shown here may add to the general knowledge on chaperones and to the search of a treatment for conformational diseases
Doutorado
Bioquimica
Doutor em Biologia Funcional e Molecular
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Ghahghaei, Arezou. "The chaperone action of alpha-crystallin." Access electronically, 2006. http://ro.uow.edu.au/theses/525.
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