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1
Leach, Robert. Political Ideology in Britain. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-33256-1.
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Leach, Robert. Political Ideology in Britain. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-05244-5.
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Texas. Chapter 571, Government Code Texas Ethics Commission: Effective September 1, 2003. Austin, Tex: The Commission, 2003.
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4
Carver, Terrell. Marx and Engels's "German ideology" manuscripts: Presentation and analysis of the "Feuerbach chapter". New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan, 2014.
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5
Texas. Chapter 572, Government Code: Personal financial disclosure, standards of conduct, and conflict of interest : effective September 1, 2003. 2nd ed. Austin, TX: Texas Ethics Commission, 2004.
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Karabuschenko, Pavel. Political hermeneutics. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/995431.
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The monograph is devoted to the problem of formation and development of this branch of the division of hermeneutics as a political hermeneutics. Considered as the very origins of this hermeneutic stemming directly from the history of classical hermeneutics (Chapter 1) and its methodological principles (Chapter 2) and application characteristics (Chapter 3). It is from this triad (history — theory — practice) by the author and displayed the Foundation of political hermeneutics, which seems to them as the "deep method" study of the essence of the political elites and elitism and is characterized as a methodological division of lithologie to uncover the political "backstage" as the main sphere of professional activity of non-public elites.
In the formation of hermeneutical understanding, it is important to clarify the internal relationship of this triad as a "language — word — text". The author consistently reveals the idea that language is expressed in the word exactly the same as the word in the text, which in turn is designed for disclosure in another language and in another word
(in the "I — don't-Ya").
Designed for students and professionals; anyone interested in the problems of political consciousness and thinking of the elites.
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Alent'eva, Tat'yana, and Mariya Filimonova. The USA in Modern Times: Society, State and Law: Part 1: XVII-XVIII centuries. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/992900.
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The textbook examines the processes of the emergence and development of English colonies in North America in the XVII-XVIII centuries, as well as the process of formation and formation of the young American state. Considerable attention is paid to socio-economic processes, the study of which makes it possible to more fully consider political and legal trends and features. The political structure of the colonies is described in detail, and the colonial charters are analyzed. The article covers the first North American revolution, analyzes the political programs and activities of the first American political groups and their leaders. The process of drafting and ratifying the Constitution of 1787 is considered in detail, its content and the political activities of the first American presidents are analyzed. A separate chapter is devoted to the development of law in the XVII-XVIII centuries. Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation. It is addressed to law students studying the history of state and law, as well as the constitutional law of foreign countries, historical students specializing in the study of US history, as well as students studying international relations, and anyone interested in history.
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Płoski, Marcin. Liga Polskich Rodzin jako aktor społeczny. Wrocław: Wydawnictwo Instytutu Socjologii Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego, 2016. https://www.repozytorium.uni.wroc.pl/dlibra/publication/80114.
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This book is a monograph, on the political party, that shows the birth, rise and fall of the League of Polish Families. In the chapter I the division was made into individual and collective actors. Chapter II is an attempt to describe the birth and functioning of LPF in the context of a broader national movement. Chapter III focuses on the fields of activities of the national party. Chapter IV is an attempt to recreate the role of LPF on the political scene. Chapter V is an attempt to play the role of LPF on the European political scene. Chapter VI is the description of a research taken on the party groups, surveyed with the usage of a questionnaire technique. Chapter VII is an empirical reflection of the views of LPF deputies and senators about political transformation and Polish integration with European structures. The tool for this method was mainly based on an open interview. Chapter VIII is an attempt to present the Polish society in the perspective of political transformation, and the reflection on the degree of civility and democracy and finaly presents the fall of LPF. \n\nNiniejsza książka ma charakter monografii poświęconej partii politycznej, która ukazuje narodziny, rozkwit i upadek Ligi Polskich Rodzin. W rozdziale I dokonany został podział na aktorów zbiorowych i indywidualnych. Rozdział II jest próbą opisu narodzin i funkcjonowania LPR w ramach szerszego ruchu narodowego. Rozdział III koncentruje się na polach aktywności partii narodowej. Rozdział IV jest próbą odtworzenia roli LPR-u na scenie politycznej. Rozdział V jest próbą odtworzenia roli LPR na europejskiej scenie politycznej. Rozdział VI stanowi badawczy portret kół partyjnych, przeprowadzony za pomocą metody ankietowej z zastosowaniem kwestionariusza ankiety. Rozdział VII jest empirycznym odzwierciedleniem poglądów posłów i senatorów LPR na temat transformacji ustrojowej i integracji Polski ze strukturami europejskimi. Narzędziem tej metody był wywiad swobodny otwarty. Rozdział VIII jest próbą przedstawienia społeczeństwa polskiego w perspektywie transformacji ustrojowej, refleksji nad stopniem obywatelskości i demokracji oraz upadkiem LPR.
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Finlayson, Alan. Ideology and Political Rhetoric. Edited by Michael Freeden and Marc Stears. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199585977.013.0014.
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This chapter argues that studies of political ideology should be combined with research into political rhetoric. An ideology is not only a particular way of organizing values, concepts, and signifiers; it is also a way of formulating and selecting arguments for these, of devising and deploying strategies and styles of persuasion. These are not secondary to the core propositions of an ideology but part of what that ideology is. The chapter begins by making the case for adding the study of arguments to research into concepts and signifiers. It then reviews ways in which rhetoric has recently become important for historians of political thought, political scientists, and theorists of deliberation. Outlining ways in which we might best research rhetoric and ideologies, the chapter argues that it is especially important to examine the different ways in which ideologies appeal to authority (ethos), emotion (pathos), and reason (logos).
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Breiner, Peter. Karl Mannheim and Political Ideology. Edited by Michael Freeden and Marc Stears. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199585977.013.0018.
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This chapter argues that the famous ‘Mannheim paradox’ regarding the ideological understanding of ideology in Ideology and Utopia merely serves as a preparation for a far more complex and persistent paradox that poses a recurrent problem for any political science seeking to understand the relation of political ideologies to political reality: namely, when we try to understand contending political ideologies at any one historical moment and test them for their ‘congruence’ with historical and sociological ‘reality’, our construction of this context is itself informed by these ideologies or our partisan understanding of them. To deal with this paradox Mannheim suggests a new political science based on Marx and Weber. This political science seeks to construct fields of competing ideologies—such as conservatism, liberalism, and socialism—and play off the insight and blindness of each to create a momentary ‘synthesis’ of the relation between political ideas and a dynamic political reality.
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Rajadhyaksha, Ashish. 1. The political popular. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780198723097.003.0001.
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Very little of India’s early cinema has been preserved, so its history is based on intense memories and short remnants of films. Indian cinema was ‘officially’ born with Dhundiraj Govind Phalke’s mythological Raja Harishchandra, released in 1913. This chapter asks what might happen if we look at what gets left out by the historical emphasis on this film, and on Satyajit Ray’s equally famous Pather Panchali/Song of the Road, released 32 years later. Providing details of a virtually unknown low-budget film Pitru Prem/Father’s Love (1929) and the first truly national commercial success, Gul-e-Bakavali/The Magic Flower (1924), it opens up the influence of India’s colonial history and the swadeshi political movement on cinema.
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Rebeggiani, Stefano. Conclusions. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190251819.003.0008.
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This chapter recapitulates the volume’s main achievements and sketches ways for expanding its methodology to other texts and to parts of Statius’ poem not covered in this book. It suggests that Valerius Flaccus’ epic is influenced by the same anti-Neronian ideology discussed in Chapter 1 and, like the Thebaid, reflects on the topic of imperial succession. The chapter surveys the political relevance of the Lemnos episode. It also argues that Statius’ reflection on the epic hero’s oscillation between the two poles of god and beast (discussed in Chapter 3 with reference to Capaneus and Tydeus especially) concerns other figures in the poem as well (Hippomedon, and by contrast Amphiaraus and Parthenopaeus). Finally, the chapter contains a summary of political views articulated by Statius in the Thebaid and suggests that the political ideas embedded in the poem were particularly close to the position of groups of survivors of Nero.
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Financial Assistance for Political Parties Act (Northern Ireland) 2000: Elizabeth II. 2000. Chapter 1. London: Stationery Office, 2000.
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14
Mannheim, Karl. Ideology and Utopia: Karl Mannheim: Collected English Writings Volume 1 (Routledge Classics in Sociology). Routledge, 1998.
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15
Russkai︠a︡ sot︠s︡i︠a︡lʹno-politicheskai︠a︡ myslʹ X - nachala XX veka: Uchebno-metodicheskoe posobie, Ch. 1: Istorii︠a︡ politicheskikh ucheniĭ Rossiĭ X-XVII. Moskva: Sot︠s︡i︠a︡lʹno-politicheskai︠a︡ MYSLʹ, 2005.
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16
HP, Lee. 1 Constitutional History and Political Developments. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198755999.003.0002.
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This chapter discusses the constitutional history and political developments in Malaysia. An independent Federation of Malaya began on 31 August 1957. Though described as a ‘federal’ Constitution of an ‘orthodox’ nature, the chequered history of the birth of the then Malayan Constitution indicated that the negotiations were concerned not with the distribution of federal and State powers, but rather with the tortuous hammering out of acceptable terms and compromises among the various racial components of the Malaysian society, especially on matters of communal interests. The chapter covers establishment of the Malayan Union; the Federation of Malaya Agreement of 1948; creation of the independent Constitutional Commission under the chairmanship of Lord Reid; formation of Malaysia; the separation of Singapore from Malaysia; the 1966 Sarawak crisis; the 1983 and 1993 constitutional crises; the 1988 judiciary crisis; 1988 constitutional amendments; the Anwar Ibrahim saga and rise of Reformasi; and the 2009 general elections.
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Jeffers, Ann. Forget it. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198722618.003.0016.
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This chapter focuses on women’s rituals in the Hebrew Bible. While much work has been done recently on rituals, little attention has been paid so far to women’s rituals. Using a range of methodologies, from feminist hermeneutics to classics, ritual theory, memory studies, and reception, this chapter will attempt to unveil and understand the mechanisms which have marginalized women’s religious and ritualistic experiences. I will use the story of the Woman of Endor in 1 Samuel 28 as a test case and will show that the text’s patriarchal ideology may cover up a fuller political divinatory ritual akin to that of the Delphi oracle. In a second section, I will examine how the reception of this story in the work of Jacob Cornelisz van Oostsanen, a sixteenth-century painter from Amsterdam, also devalues and distorts women’s ritual through explicit associations with witchcraft as defined by the Malleus Maleficarum.
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McCrudden, Christopher. Ideology. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198759041.003.0002.
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This chapter attempts to explain the phenomenon of religious litigation in the human rights context, by considering why this phenomenon has arisen, and its growth. Three ideological developments are of particular importance in accounting for the growth of religious litigation. First, there have been significant developments in human rights doctrine that have resulted in religious practices coming more into conflict with human rights. Second, there have been significant developments within particular religions that have resulted in more ‘fundamentalist’ approaches to doctrine being adopted. Third, religious issues have increasingly become of renewed geopolitical significance, in some ways replacing, in other ways exacerbating other ideological tensions. When these ‘ideological factors’ are set in a political context of significant migrations between countries of one religion and countries of another religion (or none), the stage is set for increased tensions and conflicts, including conflicts between religions and human rights.
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Humphrey, Mathew. Green Ideology. Edited by Michael Freeden and Marc Stears. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199585977.013.0011.
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This chapter identifies four key commitments of green ideology—ecological restructuring, radical democratization, ecological law, and non-violence as a principle of action. It then examines whether these core principles effectively constrain the potential decontestations of other, adjacent principles. Is green ideology a ‘thin’ ideology that is open to co-optation by more developed rivals, or does it stand on more distinctive conceptual territory, placing firm limits on such ideological appropriations? The chapter then assesses some of the challenges that have emerged in recent years from ‘sceptical environmentalism’ and ‘post-ecologism’, whose proponents claim sympathy with the broad objectives of the environmental movement. The chapter concludes by suggesting that such internal diversity represents a maturing of green ideology, but it may also indicate that the version of green ideology that (in the eyes of its proponents) constituted a radical challenge to existing forms of political and economic organization now stands increasingly marginalized.
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Nuttall, Jeremy. Ideology in Action. Edited by David Brown, Gordon Pentland, and Robert Crowcroft. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198714897.013.12.
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This chapter explores what its author sees as three of the most important, and closely related, recent historiographical themes relating to the articulation but also the impact of British political ideas since 1800: political realities, modernity, and moralities. The chapter analyses the close connections and interplay between these three initially seemingly uncomfortable bedfellows, and argues that collectively they have produced a contemporary historiography that, in crossing boundaries in its consideration of cultural, social, and intellectual history; ideas and action; popular and elite attitudes; high ideals; but also sometimes painful realities, is now richer in its understanding of all of these.
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The Campaign Reporting Act, sections 1-19-25 to 1-19-37 NMSA 1978, as amended by Laws 1981, chapter 331, and Laws 1985, chapter 2: A compliance guide for candidates, political committees, campaign workers, public officials, and citizens. [Santa Fe, N.M.]: State of New Mexico, 1985.
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Dept, Boston School. Meeting the needs, Boston public schools, ecia, 1985-1986. 1985.
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Maxi, Scherer. 1 Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198805786.003.0001.
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This chapter discusses energy arbitration and its importance on an international level. Given the important economic, political, and societal issues at hand, energy-related disputes arise frequently throughout the world, and arbitration has been the most popular means to resolve international disputes in the energy sector. The chapter provides a non-exhaustive list of common features of energy projects, revealing their inherent complexity and thus the need to approach energy-related disputes in a holistic fashion. It also stresses the importance of arbitration to resolve international energy-related disputes.
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Zhang, Qing. Language Policy and Ideology. Edited by Robert Bayley, Richard Cameron, and Ceil Lucas. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199744084.013.0028.
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This chapter discusses language policies in the People’s Republic of China (PRC), including the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR since 1997) and Taiwan. The term “Greater China” refers to these three territories. Contemporary language policies in the region are driven by the need for, and play a vital role in, building a unified modern nation-state. The discussion notes that language policy is informed and shaped by language ideologies and attitudes, as well as by sociohistorical, geopolitical, and economic considerations. All three territories have witnessed drastic socioeconomic and political change since the last two decades of the twentieth century. Such transformations have undoubtedly left their impact on their languages and language policies.
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Da Costa, Dia. An Ideology for Life? University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252040603.003.0004.
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Although Jana Natya Manch’s working-class theater poses an ideological challenge to hegemonic creativity for neoliberal capitalism and Hindu nationalism, this chapter analyzes the historical, affective and political incitements and messy collaborations between ideological opposites. This middle-class troupe’s plays dedicated to working-class struggles confront the challenge and decimation of labor struggle through a life-long commitment to Marxian critique. Far from an ahistorical commitment, their ‘ideology for life’ responds to contemporary challenges, in part by memorializing the personal, subjective, and spatial deaths of ideal leaders and sites of worker struggle. Memorialization and nostalgia largely distances them from working-class lives, but it makes their politics and performance effective sites for contemporary constructions of progressive middle-classness in Delhi whilst generating an inadvertent embrace of creative economies discourse.
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Norval, Aletta. Poststructuralist Conceptions of Ideology. Edited by Michael Freeden and Marc Stears. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199585977.013.028.
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This chapter explores the implications of the linguistic turn for the conceptualization of ideology. In particular, it focuses on distinctive poststructuralist answers to the question of the specificity of ideology. It concentrates specifically on two main contemporary approaches to the study of ideology—post-Marxist and psychoanalytical accounts—both of which share a poststructuralist concern with the constitutivity of language to political practices and subjectivity, and take the ubiquity of ideology as a starting-point. These approaches, exemplified in the writings of Laclau and Mouffe, and Žižek, respectively, share much. Yet they also differ in the analytical tools on offer. The former focuses on dislocation, the articulation of myths and imaginaries, and the constitution of empty signifiers, while the Lacanian conception of fantasy is central to the latter. Both, it is argued, are necessary for the analysis of the mechanisms that make ideological decontestation possible.
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Berry, Craig, and Michael Kenny. Ideology and the Intellectuals. Edited by Michael Freeden and Marc Stears. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199585977.013.0015.
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The question of how intellectuals ought to relate to the ideological traditions of the political cultures of modern societies has been a recurrent theme of European social and political thought over the last two centuries. This chapter explores earlier traditions of European thinking, associated with the work of Karl Mannheim, Julien Benda, and Antonio Gramsci, which established the major lines of debate about the relationship of intellectuals to a sense of nationhood and the political traditions of the polities they inhabited. These ideas form the backdrop to the analysis of the drift towards post-national thinking among important groups of intellectual practitioners in the UK towards the end of the twentieth century. Cosmopolitan thinking, the article suggests, has tended to obscure the ideological character of the main lines of political thinking associated with globalization, and ensured that progressive intellectuals tended to abandon the ‘national-popular’ to their counterparts on the political right, with fateful consequences.
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Urban, Michael E. Ideology and System Change in the USSR and East Europe: Selected Papers from the Fourth World Congress for Soviet and European Studies, Harrogate, 1. Palgrave Macmillan, 1992.
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Natalie, Lichtenstein. 1 Beginnings. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198821960.003.0001.
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Chapter 1, Beginnings, introduces the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB), the book and its author. The origins of the AIIB proposal by China are discussed, along with the global economic and geo-political aspects that led to its establishment. There are comparisons to the establishment of other multilateral development banks: the World Bank, and the Inter-American Development Bank (IADB), the Asian Development Bank (AsDB), the African Development Bank (AfDB) and the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD). The steps in the negotiating process in 2014–2015 are summarized, and presented in a table of the 57 countries that participated. The author describes her role in drafting the AIIB Charter and some of the considerations in the choice of model.
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Boucher, David, and Paul Kelly. 1. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hepl/9780198708926.003.0001.
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This volume introduces a canon of major political thinkers from ancient Greece to the present, including Socrates and the Sophists, Plato, Aristotle, Augustine of Hippo, Hugo Grotius, John Locke, John Stuart Mill, Hannah Arendt, John Rawls, and Michel Foucault. The text focuses on the ways that these thinkers have shaped the intellectual architecture of our modern conceptions of the scope of politics and its place in social life. This introductory chapter discusses the origins of the study of political thought as a distinct activity and describes four sets of considerations that shape approaches to the study of political thought and help answer the question of why we should study it. It also analyses the problem of so-called perennial questions and the attempt to explain and defend what it is that makes a book a ‘classic’ text.
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Smith, Christen A. Introduction. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252039935.003.0001.
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This introductory chapter provides an overview of the book's main arguments. Focusing on the city of Salvador, this book uses performance as a methodological frame for deconstructing gendered antiblack violence. Following the work of performance theorist D. Soyini Madison (2010), it employs performance analytics as a method of social analysis in order to travel back and forth between onstage and offstage. It makes five claims: (1) that the maintenance of racial democracy as a national ideology in Brazil (exemplified by the myth of Bahia's Afro-paradise) depends on the spectacular and mundane repetition of state violence against the black body; (2) that these repetitions of violence are entangled in time and space, implicating the past, the present, and the future; (3) that state violence against the black body is not only a performance but also palimpsestic—embodied, disciplining, and marked by erasure, reinscription, and repetition; (4) that the trauma of the black experience with state violence is a kind of gendered terror that not only harms the bodies of the immediate victims but also inflicts pain on the families and communities of the victims, defining the political stakes of these moments and, in part, blackness itself; and, finally, (5) that the close relationship between Afro-paradise and performance has also led the black community to turn to performance in order to demystify and undo its violence.
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Freeden, Michael. The Morphological Analysis of Ideology. Edited by Michael Freeden and Marc Stears. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199585977.013.0034.
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The chapter examines the recent approach to ideology as an actual and ubiquitous combination of decontested political concepts, whose micro-morphological arrangements are the key to the specific meaning each ideological family contains. Shifting proximities and relative weights accorded to those concepts produce multiple ideological variants. Ideologies are pivotal to the discipline of political theory, discernible both in professional and vernacular thinking, and serve as discursive competitions over the control of public political language. Notions of essential contestability, theories of symbolic mapping, and a focus on actual rather than normative political thinking shed light on their semantic significance. Ideologies are permanent phenomena ranging from the flexible to the rigid, and the boundaries that seem to separate one ideology from another may be loose and mutating, challenging the traditional association of ideologies with political parties. In parallel, the study of ideology involves decoding and interpretation, not its juxtaposition with truth.
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Sutcliffe-Braithwaite, Florence. Class in Thatcherite Ideology and Rhetoric. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198812579.003.0008.
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This chapter examines Thatcherite rhetoric about class and individualism. Thatcher needed to distance herself from her own, narrow, upper-middle-class image; she also wanted to rid politics of class language, and thought that class was—or should be—irrelevant in 1980s Britain because of ‘embourgeoisement’. For Thatcher, ‘bourgeois’ was defined by particular values (thrift, hard work, self-reliance) and she wanted to use the free market to incentivize more of the population to display these values, which she thought would lead to a moral and also a prosperous society. Thatcherite individualism rested on the assumption that people were rational, self-interested, but also embedded in families and communities. The chapter reflects on what these conclusions tell us about ‘Thatcherism’ as a political ideology, and how these beliefs influenced Thatcherite policy on the welfare state, monetarism, and trade unionism. Finally, it examines Major’s rhetoric of the ‘classless society’ in the 1990s.
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Marshall, Tim. The Politics and Ideology of Planning. Policy Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447337201.001.0001.
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The present time is one of considerable political and ideological turmoil. This affects urban planning, like all areas of public policy. This book sets out to analyse the political and ideological dimensions of planning, focusing on the UK and particularly on England. These have been underplayed or obscured in the past, partly because professional planners have wished to present themselves as apolitical and non-ideological actors. The book proposes that good planning practice will be helped by a more explicit engagement with how planning is affected by political activity and by ideological thinking. The book therefore takes a series of cuts into the subject, starting with a survey of recent planning literature and proceeding to a historical overview of the relationship of planning to ideological currents, including a brief study of one recent UK government. There is then a survey of the main ideological composites active in Britain. There follows a chapter on the relationships between technical work, law and planning, to establish to what degree the political forces allow autonomy for technical skill and the force of legal thinking. Three chapters deal with dimensions of politics and ideology as they operate within government, pressure politics and the media, as well as the place of public deliberation in planning. Two chapters examine different facets and fields of planning, to identify variation across sub-fields of planning work. The final chapter explores some paths to improving the relationship between politics and planning, in current circumstances.
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Gamberini, Andrea. The Ideology of the Regional State. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198824312.003.0015.
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This chapter analyses the way in which the Visconti justified their seigneury and their expansionist policies on an ethical and political level. They attempted to set themselves up as paladins in the war against tyranny—now seen not in its traditional sense as one of the degenerate forms of government, but as a division of the political body, a prime cause of war and an obstacle to peace. Through this intrepid conceptual twist, pro-Visconti circles were thus notably successful in deflecting any delegitimizing accusation away from their masters, while at the same time elaborating an ethico-political justification for their expansionism: a first glimpse, here, of the ideological foundations of the regional state.
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Gamberini, Andrea. Some Cornerstones of City and Communal Ideology. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198824312.003.0006.
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This chapter focuses on the originality of the communal political experience, which took shape around the horizontal ties between the cives, whose strength was able to break the traditional nexus between power and social pre-eminence, even that of the emperor himself. Libertas, in terms of political autonomy based on custom, then became one of the structuring words of the great narrative elaborated by the communes, part of a broader ideology of civil life that, through an ancient lexicon (consul, res publica, iurisdictio, etc.), articulated a completely new kind of content. The chapter then focuses on the threshold represented by the advent of the Societas Populi, which introduced the category of bonum commune.
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Authority, Boston Redevelopment. Amendments to report and decision authorizing: 1) the separation of the prudential project under m.g.l. chapter 121a and st. 1960, c. 652, as amended into the "residential project: and the "redevelopment project" and 2) the termination of the chapter 121a status of the redevelopment project. 1990.
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Freeden, Michael. 1. A house of many mansions. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780199670437.003.0001.
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‘A house of many mansions’ shows that to understand liberalism you must recognize that there are various ways of looking at it. Liberalism is an ideology that contains seven political concepts that interact at its core: liberty, rationality, individuality, progress, sociability, the general interest, and limited and accountable power. These core elements are the nucleus around which all liberalisms revolve. Different forms of liberalism are discussed before concluding that liberalism has been adopted by truth-seekers, endorsed by humanists, campaigned for by reformers, cast aside by rival ideologies, deliberately misappropriated by those who wish to disguise their real political intentions, and attacked by those who regard it as a self-deluding smoke screen for anti-social conduct.
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Curtis A, Bradley. 1 Courts and Foreign Affairs. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190217761.003.0001.
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This chapter provides an overview of some of the constitutional, statutory, and common law doctrines that govern the adjudication of foreign affairs–related disputes in the United States. These doctrines include requirements for federal court jurisdiction, “justiciability” limitations such as the political question doctrine, the Erie doctrine concerning federal court application of state law, and the common law “act of state” doctrine. The chapter also discusses more general interpretive principles such as the Charming Betsy canon of construction and deference to the executive branch. The chapter concludes by briefly describing the constitutional authority of U.S. government institutions other than the courts, including the situations in which state law that concerns foreign affairs will be preempted.
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Rizzo, Matteo. The Politics of Labour 1. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198794240.003.0004.
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Chapter 4 analyses the barriers that prevented informal bus workers from responding collectively to their criminalization and to the economic squeeze by their employers. Reflecting on the sources of workers’ power, the chapter shows how labour oversupply, its fragmentation amongst different ‘classes of labour’ performing different tasks, and geographical dispersion explain workers’ lack of effective collective response to their plight. The chapter also charts the forms and limits of existing workforce solidarity through a longitudinal study of the rise and fall (1998–2005) of a labour association by transport workers on one bus route. This study sheds light on workers’ strategies to negotiate precariousness and onto the tensions between different categories of workers. Access to the association’s membership records allows some appreciation of the patterns and rhythm of labour circulation within the sector, an important element in understanding both the precariousness faced by transport workers and their political behaviour.
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O’Brien, Laurie T., and Patricia N. Gilbert. Ideology: An Invisible yet Potent Dimension of Diversity. Edited by Quinetta M. Roberson. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199736355.013.0008.
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Recently, ideology has emerged as an important topic of inquiry among social, personality, and political psychologists as research has shown a link between people’s ideological belief systems and their attitudes toward, and evaluations of, others. This chapter will examine theory and research concerning the structure, content, and functions of ideological beliefs. In addition, the effects of such beliefs on diversity attitudes and intergroup relations will be considered. Directions for future research on ideology or worldview as an attribute of diversity will be offered.
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Hawkins, Angus. Political Parties. Edited by David Brown, Gordon Pentland, and Robert Crowcroft. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198714897.013.32.
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This chapter examines the emergence, roles, and meanings of ‘party’ within British politics from the late eighteenth century to the present day. It traces the transition from ‘mixed’ government to ‘parliamentary’ government and ultimately to ‘party’ government. The altered function and nature of political parties within these shifting constitutional contexts is assessed. How parties functioned at the parliamentary and local level is also explored. It moves on to consider how historians have approached different aspects of party activity—their organization of the contest for power in Parliament; specific party histories; embodiments of ideology; how parties have organized themselves; winning elections—and evaluates the role of the idea of a ‘two-party system’ within British politics and historiography as the ‘natural’ alignment of party activity.
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Stirk, Peter. 1. Integration and Disintegration before 1945. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hepl/9780199570829.003.0002.
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This chapter examines patterns of national integration and international disintegration in the decades before World War II. It first provides an overview of integration and disintegration before World War I, along with World War I and postwar reconstruction, before discussing the challenge of the New Order envisioned by Adolf Hitler. It argues that national integration was a source of myths that formed an obstacle to the consolidation of incipient European integration. It also shows that economic integration did not lead inexorably to political unification and that visions of empire, central to the history of the major European states, challenged the supposed pre-eminence of the nation state and were bound up, in varying degrees, with some visions of integration. Finally, the chapter explains how integration, often assumed to be a peaceful process in contrast to the violent proclivities of nationalism and the nation state, has not always taken a benign form.
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Rothstein, Bo. 1. The Relevance of Comparative Politics. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hepl/9780198737421.003.0003.
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This chapter explains what comparative politics could be relevant for, such as informing the public debate and giving policy advice. It argues that comparative politics has a huge but sometimes underdeveloped potential for being relevant for the various aspects of human well-being, economic prosperity, and social justice that most people care deeply about. Empirical research shows that the manner in which a country's political institutions are designed and the quality of the operations of these institutions have a strong impact on measures of population health as well as subjective well-being and general social trust. One result is that democratization without increased state capacity and control of corruption is not likely to deliver increased human well-being. The chapter also considers whether democracy generates political legitimacy and concludes by suggesting that comparative political science has so far paid relatively little attention to issues about state capacity, control of corruption, and institutional quality.
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Delmas, Candice. Political Obligation(s). Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190872199.003.0001.
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The introduction uses the Freedom Rides to set up the book’s discussion of our responsibilities in the face of injustice. It highlights the following gap between theory and practice: on the one hand, philosophers concerned with the rights and duties of citizens often defend a moral duty to obey the law, and consider civil disobedience in terms of permission or right only. On the other hand, activists from Henry David Thoreau to Black Lives Matter have long appealed to a responsibility to resist injustice. The introduction takes seriously both the traditional notion of political obligation and activists’ appeals by outlining a duty to resist injustice, and insisting it is among our political obligations. This chapter also presents the book’s key concepts: injustice, oppression, ideology, legitimacy, resistance, principled disobedience, and civil and uncivil disobedience.
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DeJonge, Michael P. Political Life. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198824176.003.0004.
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If we assume a Lutheran account of justification as well as the distinction between law and gospel as presented in Chapter 2, the resulting image of God’s activity in the world is a coordinated, twofold action of preservation and redemption. This means we need to add to Chapter 1’s three-act story (creation, fall, redemption) a fourth act: preservation. The theological category of preservation is, for Bonhoeffer, the theological category under which to locate political activity. As this chapter shows, the orientation of Bonhoeffer’s political thought toward preservation distinguishes it from the alternative theo-political visions that he calls “compromise” and “radicalism.” And the main concepts of Bonhoeffer’s political thinking—the two kingdoms and the orders or estates—are ones that structure political life in its preservation toward redemption.
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Henham, Ralph. Bridging the Gap between Political and Penal Legitimacy. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198718895.003.0006.
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This chapter argues that the relationship between penal policy and the political economy provides important insights into the political and institutional reforms required to minimize harsh and discriminatory penal policies. However, the capacity of sentencing policy to engage with this social reality in a meaningful way necessitates a recasting of penal ideology. To realize this objective requires a profound understanding of sentencing’s social value and significance for citizens. The greatest challenge then lies in establishing coherent links between penal ideology and practice to encourage forms of sentencing that are sensitive to changes in social value. The chapter concludes by explaining how the present approach taken by the courts of England and Wales to the sentencing of women exacerbates social exclusion and reinforces existing divisions in social morality. It urges fundamental changes in ideology and practice so that policy reflects a socially valued rationale for the criminalization and punishment of women.
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Payne, Andrew. The Defense of Justice in Republic 1. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198799023.003.0004.
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In this chapter, Socrates’ defense of justice in Book 1 is addressed. Thrasymachus’ definition of justice as the interest of the stronger provides the impetus for this defense. Socrates refutes this definition of justice and goes on to argue that justice rather than injustice makes for a better life for a human being. Although Thrasymachus is refuted in Book 1, he makes an important contribution to the dialogue by connecting justice to partnerships and, in particular, to the sort of partnership that is a political community regulated by laws. Socrates takes over from Thrasymachus this understanding of justice as linked to the activity of engaging in partnerships. His arguments for the benefits of justice rely on the insight that justice is the virtue that perfects the activity of engaging in partnership.
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Jost, John T., Christopher M. Federico, and Jamie L. Napier. Political Ideologies and their Social Psychological Functions. Edited by Michael Freeden and Marc Stears. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199585977.013.0024.
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Ideology has re-emerged as a vital topic of investigation in social psychology. This chapter proposes that political ideologies possess both a discursive (socially constructed) superstructure and a functional (or motivational) substructure and that ideologies serve social psychological functions that may not be entirely rational but help to explain why individuals are drawn to them. System justification, it argues, is the ‘glue’ that holds the two dimensions of left–right ideology (advocacy vs. resistance to change and rejection vs. acceptance of inequality) together. To vindicate and uphold traditional institutions and arrangements, the right defends existing inequalities as just and necessary. To bring about a more equal state of affairs, the left is motivated to challenge existing institutions and practices (the status quo).
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Heiner, Prof, Bielefeldt, Ghanea Nazila, Dr, and Wiener Michael, Dr. Part 1 Freedom of Religion or Belief, 1.3.8 Registration. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198703983.003.0013.
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This chapter focuses on several issues concerning the registration of religious communities. While ‘registration’ may appear to be a merely technical theme of less political significance, the issue is actually a source of major human rights problems in the area of freedom of religion or belief. Quite a number of States assume that only members of ‘registered’ religious communities should be allowed to fully practise their freedom of religion or belief. Moreover, registration procedures are often overly bureaucratic, cumbersome, and thus not in the service of freedom of religion or belief. This chapter derives from the reports of Special Procedures a list of ‘do’s and don’ts’ for the formulation of registration laws and procedures concerning the acquisition of legal status. In terms of issues of interpretation, this chapter discusses misunderstandings with regard to the term ‘recognition’, which should be avoided in the context of registration procedures.