Relevant bibliographies by topics / Characteristic of probability

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Characteristic of probability'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 30 May 2022
Last updated: 31 May 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Characteristic of probability"

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Uehara, Erica, and Tetsuo Deguchi. "Characteristic length of the knotting probability revisited." Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter 27, no. 35 (2015): 354104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/27/35/354104.

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Chern, Jyh-Long, and Timothy Chi Chow. "Nonstationary characteristic of probability association in chaos." Physics Letters A 192, no. 1 (1994): 34–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0375-9601(94)91011-1.

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Meintanis, Simos G., and Nikolai G. Ushakov. "Nonparametric probability weighted empirical characteristic function and applications." Statistics & Probability Letters 108 (January 2016): 52–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.spl.2015.08.021.

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Lehnigk, Siegfried H. "Characteristic functions of a class of probability distributions." Complex Variables, Theory and Application: An International Journal 8, no. 3-4 (1987): 307–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17476938708814241.

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DEL RIO, EZEQUIEL, and SERGIO ELASKAR. "NEW CHARACTERISTIC RELATIONS IN TYPE-II INTERMITTENCY." International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 20, no. 04 (2010): 1185–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218127410026381.

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We study analytically and numerically the reinjection probability density for type-II intermittency. We find a new one-parameter class of reinjection probability density where the classical uniform reinjection is a particular case. We derive a new duration probability density of the laminar phase. New characteristic relations eβ(-1 < β < 0) appear where the exponet β deepens on the reinjection probability distributions. Analytical results are in agreement with the numerical simulations.
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Piegari, E., R. Di Maio, and L. Milano. "Characteristic scales in landslide modelling." Nonlinear Processes in Geophysics 16, no. 4 (2009): 515–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/npg-16-515-2009.

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Abstract. Landslides are natural hazards occurring in response to triggers of different origins, which can act with different intensities and durations. Despite the variety of conditions that cause a landslide, the analysis of landslide inventories has shown that landslide events associated with different triggers can be characterized by the same probability distribution. We studied a cellular automaton, able to reproduce the landslide frequency-size distributions from catalogues. From the comparison between our synthetic probability distribution and the landslide area probability distribution of three landslide inventories, we estimated the typical size of a single cell of our cellular automaton model to be from 35–100 m2, which is important information if we are interested in monitoring a test area. To determine the probability of occurrence of a landslide of size s, we show that it is crucial to get information about the rate at which the system is approaching instability rather than the nature of the trigger. By varying such a driving rate, we find how the probability distribution changes and, in correspondence, how the size and the lifetime of the most probable events evolve. We also introduce a landslide-event magnitude scale based on the driving rate. Large values of the proposed intensity scale are related to landslide events with a fast approach to instability in a long distance of time, while small values are related to landslide events close together in time and approaching instability slowly.
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Norvidas, Saulius. "On analytic continuation of characteristic functions of probability measures." Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications 390, no. 1 (2012): 93–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmaa.2012.01.020.

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Yan, GU. "Quantum statistical mechanics, quantum probability and quantum characteristic function." SCIENTIA SINICA Physica, Mechanica & Astronomica 50, no. 7 (2020): 070002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1360/sspma-2019-0365.

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Wu, Jia, Genghua Yu, and Peiyuan Guan. "Interest Characteristic Probability Predicted Method in Social Opportunistic Networks." IEEE Access 7 (2019): 59002–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2915359.

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Gapeev, M. I., Yu I. Senkevich, and O. O. Lukovenkova. "Estimation of Probability Distributions of Geoacoustic Signal Characteristics." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2096, no. 1 (2021): 012018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2096/1/012018.

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Abstract The paper presents an estimation of probability distributions of geoacoustic signal characteristics. The studied signals have a pulsed nature. The ones have been recording at the geodynamic test site of the IKIR FEB RAS (Kamchatka Peninsula) for more than 20 years. To estimate the distribution of characteristics, such time intervals were determined in which histograms of the distribution did not change. The following characteristics were chosen for the estimation: maximum amplitude, the position of pulse envelope maximum, duration, filling frequency, and pulse-to-pulse interval. The obtained estimates made it possible to develop an empirical model of the geoacoustic emission signal. The model can help to test new and existing algorithms for the processing and analysis of geoacoustic signals. The paper also shows that the formalization of the selected characteristics makes it possible to search for anomalies, including those associated with seismic events, by the characteristic variations.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Characteristic of probability"

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Burot, Daria. "Transported probability density function for the numerical simulation of flames characteristic of fire." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0026/document.

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La simulation de scenarios d’incendie nécessite de modéliser de nombreux processus complexe, particulièrement la combustion gazeuse d’hydrocarbure incluant la production de suie et les transferts radiatifs dans un écoulement turbulent. La nature turbulente de l’écoulement fait apparaitre des interactions qui doivent être prises en compte entre ces processus. L’objectif de cette thèse est d’implémenter une méthode de transport de la fonction de densité de probabilité afin de modéliser ces interactions de manière précise. En conjonction avec un modèle de flammelettes, le modèle de Lindstedt et un modèle à large-bande k-corrélé, l’équation de transport de la PDF jointe de composition est résolue avec la méthode des Champs Eulérien Stochastiques. Le modèle est validé en simulant 12 flammes turbulentes recouvrant une large gamme de nombre de Reynolds et de propension à former de la suie par les combustibles. Dans un second temps, les effets des interactions rayonnement-turbulence (TRI) sur l’émission de la suie sont étudiés en détails, montrant que la TRI tend à augmenter l’émission radiative de la suie à cause des fluctuations de température, mais que cette augmentation est plus faible pour des nombres de Reynolds élevés ou des quantités de suie plus élevées. Ceci est dû à la corrélation négative entre le coefficient d’absorption des suies et la fonction de Planck. Finalement, l’influence de la corrélation entre la fraction de mélange et le paramètre de non-adiabaticité est étudiée sur une flamme d’éthylène, montrant qu’elle a peu d’effet sur la structure moyenne de flamme mais tend à limiter les fluctuations de température et les pertes radiatives<br>The simulation of fire scenarios requires the numerical modeling of various complex process, particularly the gaseous combustion of hydrocarbons including soot production and radiative transfers in a turbulent. The turbulent nature of the flow induces interactions between these processes that need to be taken accurately into account. The purpose of this thesis is to implement a transported Probability Density function method to model these interactions precisely. In conjunction with the flamelet model, the Lindstedt model, and a wide-band correlated-k model, the composition joint-PDF transport equation is solved using the Stochastic Eulerian Fields method. The model is validated by simulating 12 turbulent jet flames covering a large range of Reynolds numbers and fuel sooting propensity. Model prediction are found to be in reasonable agreement with experimental data. Second, the effects of turbulence-radiation interactions (TRI) on soot emission are studied in details, showing that TRI tends to increase soot radiative emission due to temperature fluctuations, but that this increase is smaller for higher Reynolds numbers and higher soot loads. This is due to the negative correlation between soot absorption coefficient and the Planck function. Finally, the effects of taking into account the correlation between mixture fraction and enthalpy defect on flame structure and radiative characteristics are also studied on an ethylene flame, showing that it has weak effect on the mean flame structure but tends to inhibit both temperature fluctuations and radiative loss
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Горбенко, Вероніка Володимирівна, та Володимир Олексійович Горбенко. "Особливості дослідження причинності в складних системах". Thesis, Національний технічний університет "Харківський політехнічний інститут", 2018. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/39304.

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Встановлення вірогідності існування причинного зв'язку у складних системах при відсутності повної достовірної інформації про всі обставини події.<br>The establishment of probability of existence of casual connection in difficult systems in absence of full truth information about all circumstance of incident.
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Eger, Karl-Heinz, and Evgeni Borisovich Tsoy. "Sequential probability ratio tests based on grouped observations." Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2010. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-201000938.

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This paper deals with sequential likelihood ratio tests based on grouped observations. It is demonstrated that the method of conjugated parameter pairs known from the non-grouped case can be extended to the grouped case obtaining Waldlike approximations for the OC- and ASN- function. For near hypotheses so-called F-optimal groupings are recommended. As example an SPRT based on grouped observations for the parameter of an exponentially distributed random variable is considered.
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Esterhuizen, Gerhard. "Generalised density function estimation using moments and the characteristic function." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1001.

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Xi, Jing. "Polytopes Arising from Binary Multi-way Contingency Tables and Characteristic Imsets for Bayesian Networks." UKnowledge, 2013. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/statistics_etds/5.

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The main theme of this dissertation is the study of polytopes arising from binary multi-way contingency tables and characteristic imsets for Bayesian networks. Firstly, we study on three-way tables whose entries are independent Bernoulli ran- dom variables with canonical parameters under no three-way interaction generalized linear models. Here, we use the sequential importance sampling (SIS) method with the conditional Poisson (CP) distribution to sample binary three-way tables with the sufficient statistics, i.e., all two-way marginal sums, fixed. Compared with Monte Carlo Markov Chain (MCMC) approach with a Markov basis (MB), SIS procedure has the advantage that it does not require expensive or prohibitive pre-computations. Note that this problem can also be considered as estimating the number of lattice points inside the polytope defined by the zero-one and two-way marginal constraints. The theorems in Chapter 2 give the parameters for the CP distribution on each column when it is sampled. In this chapter, we also present the algorithms, the simulation results, and the results for Samson’s monks data. Bayesian networks, a part of the family of probabilistic graphical models, are widely applied in many areas and much work has been done in model selections for Bayesian networks. The second part of this dissertation investigates the problem of finding the optimal graph by using characteristic imsets, where characteristic imsets are defined as 0-1 vector representations of Bayesian networks which are unique up to Markov equivalence. Characteristic imset polytopes are defined as the convex hull of all characteristic imsets we consider. It was proven that the problem of finding optimal Bayesian network for a specific dataset can be converted to a linear programming problem over the characteristic imset polytope [51]. In Chapter 3, we first consider characteristic imset polytopes for all diagnosis models and show that these polytopes are direct product of simplices. Then we give the combinatorial description of all edges and all facets of these polytopes. At the end of this chapter, we generalize these results to the characteristic imset polytopes for all Bayesian networks with a fixed underlying ordering of nodes. Chapter 4 includes discussion and future work on these two topics.
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Pranskūnaitė, Arūnė. "Imčių iš baigtinių visumų statistikos tikimybiniai skirstiniai." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2012. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2012~D_20120620_114328-60725.

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Nagrinėjama silpnai priklausomų atsitiktinių dydžių statistika. Šio magistrinio darbo tikslas, turimą sumą, suvesti į nepriklausomų atsitiktinių dydžių sumą, kuri leistų tolimesniam tyrimui, pritaikyti žinomas teoremas, skaičiavimus bei rezultatus iš nepriklausomų atsitiktinių dydžių teorijos.<br>We analyze of weakly dependent random variables statistics. The objective of this master thesis is to deduce sum to independent random variables sum, which will be useful for applaying known theorems, calculations and results from the theory in independent random variables.
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Krasauskaitė, Justa. "Tikimybinių matų charakteringosios transformacijos." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2007. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2007~D_20070816_160333-10019.

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Darbe gaunama, jog silpno matų konvergavimo erdvės X prasme išlpaukia charakteringųjų transformacijų konvergavimas ir atvirkščiai, jeigu charakteringosios transformacijos konverguoja į funkcijas tolydžias nuliniame taške, tai iš čia išplaukia matų silpnas konvergavimas erdvės X prasme.<br>It is obtained, that the weak convergence in the sense of X implies the convergence of characteristic transforms, and, on the contrary, if the characteristic transforms converge weakly to the functions contiuous at zero, the from this the weak convergence in the sense of X for the probability measures fallows.
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McCary, William D. III. "Performance Evaluation of UNT Apogee Stadium Wind Turbines." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2016. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc849611/.

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The following report chronicles the University of North Texas Wind Turbine Project at Apogee Stadium. The timeline of events will include the feasibility study conducted by and for the university, grant awards from the Texas State Energy Conservation Office to fund the project, and a three-year sample of real time performance data since installation. The purpose of this case study is to compare the energy generation estimates by various stakeholders to the measured energy generation using a new but uniform performance relationship. In order to optimize energy generation in wind turbine generator systems, the most common wind speeds measured at the site should also be the most efficient wind speeds at which the wind turbine can convert the kinetic energy in the wind into mechanical energy and ultimately electrical energy. The tool used to convey this relationship will be a figure plotting the wind speed profile against the efficiency curve of the wind turbine. Applying this relationship tool to the UNT Apogee Stadium wind turbines provided valuable results. The most common wind speeds at Apogee Stadium are not the most efficient wind speed for the turbine. Also, the most common wind speeds were near the lower limit of the wind turbine’s performance parameters. This scenario was evident in both the energy generation predictions as well as the real-time recorded data. This case study will also present the economic analysis of the Apogee Stadium wind turbines using another tool that was not previously used in the feasibility study. The case study concludes with future steps to improve wind turbine performance, and to budget future cost using past, present and future energy savings.
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Павленко, Іван Володимирович, Иван Владимирович Павленко, Ivan Volodymyrovych Pavlenko, В`ячеслав Валерійович Суханов, Вячеслав Валерьевич Суханов та Vyacheslav Valerievich Suhanov. "Вероятностный расчёт устройств автоматического уравновешивания осевых сил центробежных машин". Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2008. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/2982.

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На этапе проектирования невозможно абсолютно точно определить основные геометрические и физические параметры системы "ротор - система автоматического уравновешивания осевой силы". Эта проблема решается путём применения методов теории вероятностей и математической статистики.<br>У роботі проведено статичний розрахунок гідроп`яти з урахуванням випадкової зміни геометричних і фізичних параметрів. Створена комп`ютерна програма побудови статичної та витратної характеристик. При цитуванні документа, використовуйте посилання http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/2982<br>В работе проведён статический расчёт гидропяты с учётом случайного изменения геометрических и физических параметров. Создана компьютерная программа построения статической и расходной характеристик. При цитировании документа, используйте ссылку http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/2982<br>In this paper the static calculation of hydraulic balancing device, taking into account the random changes of geometrical and physical parameters here made. The computer program of static and leaking characteristics is constructing. When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/2982
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Combs, B. Lynn. "Quantifying the Probability of Lethal Injury to Florida Manatees Given Characteristics of Collision Events." Scholar Commons, 2018. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7488.

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Wherever wildlife share space with boaters, collisions are a potential source of mortality. Establishing protection and speed zones are the primary actions taken to mitigate collision risk. However, creation of protection zones may be a point of contention with stakeholders as new zones can have significant socioeconomic impacts. The Florida Manatee is a prime example of a species whose abundance and viability are constrained by this balance between the needs of humans and wildlife on a shared landscape. The goal of this work is to help further understand the risk to manatees by quantifying the probability of lethal collisions. I hypothesized that higher boat speeds increase the probability of lethal injury to manatee during a collision and aimed to characterize the relationship between vessel speed and the probability of lethal injury to manatee. I used a logistic regression model implemented with a Bayesian approach and fitted to citizen reported collision data as a feasible method for examining the influence of vessel speed in contributing to lethal injury to a manatee when struck. I also present a method for dealing with uncertainty in data used to report collisions. To conduct this analysis, I used citizen reported collision data. These data are typically collected opportunistically, suffer from low sample sizes, and have uncertainty in reported vessel speeds. Uncertainty associated with speed values in reported collision events was assessed by performing a multiple imputation to replace qualitative vessel speed – in other words, “missing data” – with quantitative values. This procedure involves fitting log-normal distributions to radar data that contained precise vessel speeds along with a physical description like ‘planing’, ‘plowing’, or ‘idle’. For each imputation of the data, a quantitative value was selected randomly from that distribution and used in place of its initial corresponding speed category. I evaluated issues related to quasi-separation and model fit using simulated data sets to explore the importance of sample size and evaluated the effect of key sources of error. The prediction that greater strike speed increases the probability of lethal injury was supported by the data that I analyze
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Books on the topic "Characteristic of probability"

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Pawar, Akhilesh. Probability And Statistics. Campus Books International, 2011.

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Fujikoshi, Yasunori. Asymptotic expansions for the joint distribution of correlated hotelling's T2 statistics under normality. University of Toronto, Dept. of Statistics, 1998.

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Stanford Symposium on Algebraic Topology: Applications and New Directions (2012 : Stanford, Calif.), ed. Algebraic topology: Applications and new directions : Stanford Symposium on Algebraic Topology: Applications and New Directions, July 23--27, 2012, Stanford University, Stanford, CA. American Mathematical Society, 2014.

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Wu, K. Chauncey. Free vibration of hexagonal panels simply supported at discrete points. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 1991.

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Henrik, Bendixen, Manning Frederick J, and Sparacino Linette R, eds. Blood and blood products: Safety and risk. National Academy Press, 1996.

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Nichols, Eve K. Expanding access to investigational therapies for HIV infection and AIDS: March 12-13, 1990, conference summary. National Academy Press, 1991.

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(Editor), Torben Maack Bisgaard, and Zoltan Sasvari (Editor), eds. Characteristic Functions and Moment Sequences: Positive Definiteness in Probability. Nova Science Pub Inc, 2000.

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Maack, Bisgaard Torben, and Sasvári Zoltán, eds. Characteristic functions and moment sequences: Positive definiteness in probability. 2000.

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Ushakov, Nikolai G. Selected Topics in Characteristic Functions (Modern Probability and Statistics). Brill Academic Publishers, 1999.

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Rau, Jochen. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199595068.003.0001.

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Statistical mechanics concerns the transition from the microscopic to the macroscopic realm. On a macroscopic scale new phenomena arise that have no counterpart in the microscopic world. For example, macroscopic systems have a temperature; they might undergo phase transitions; and their dynamics may involve dissipation. How can such phenomena be explained? This chapter discusses the characteristic differences between the microscopic and macroscopic realms and lays out the basic challenge of statistical mechanics. It suggests how, in principle, this challenge can be tackled with the help of conservation laws and statistics. The chapter reviews some basic notions of classical probability theory. In particular, it discusses the law of large numbers and illustrates how, despite the indeterminacy of individual events, statistics can make highly accurate predictions about totals and averages.
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Book chapters on the topic "Characteristic of probability"

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Borovkov, Alexandr A. "Characteristic Functions." In Probability Theory. Springer London, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-5201-9_7.

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Sinai, Yakov G. "Characteristic Functions." In Probability Theory. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-02845-2_14.

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Lin, Zhengyan, and Zhidong Bai. "Inequalities Related to Characteristic Functions." In Probability Inequalities. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-05261-3_3.

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Vakhania, N. N., V. I. Tarieladze, and S. A. Chobanyan. "Characteristic Functionals." In Probability Distributions on Banach Spaces. Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3873-1_4.

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Shorack, Galen R. "CLTs via Characteristic Functions." In Probability for Statisticians. Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-52207-4_10.

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Fristedt, Bert, and Lawrence Gray. "Characteristic Functions." In A Modern Approach to Probability Theory. Birkhäuser Boston, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-2837-5_13.

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Koralov, Leonid, and Yakov G. Sinai. "Characteristic Functions." In Theory of Probability and Random Processes. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-68829-7_9.

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Shorack, Galen R. "Characteristic Functions and Determining Classes." In Probability for Statisticians. Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-52207-4_9.

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Klenke, Achim. "Characteristic Functions and the Central Limit Theorem." In Probability Theory. Springer London, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-5361-0_15.

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Klenke, Achim. "Characteristic Functions and the Central Limit Theorem." In Probability Theory. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-56402-5_15.

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Conference papers on the topic "Characteristic of probability"

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Binkowski, Karol, and Andrzej Kozek. "Models for option pricing based on empirical characteristic function of returns." In Stability in Probability. Institute of Mathematics Polish Academy of Sciences, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.4064/bc90-0-1.

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Aoki, Shigeru. "Estimation Method for First Excursion Probability of System With Collision Characteristic." In ASME 2006 Pressure Vessels and Piping/ICPVT-11 Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2006-icpvt-11-93084.

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Safety of structures subjected to seismic excitations should be evaluated in probabilistic manner. First excursion failure is one of the most important failure modes of structures. Many structures have nonlinear characteristics. Collision characteristic is one of the most common nonlinear characteristics observed in pressure vessels and piping systems. In this paper, an estimation method for the first excursion probability of structure with collision characteristic is proposed. The first excursion probability is the function of many parameters. It is shown that when the tolerance level is normalized by the expected value of the maximum response of the structures, the first excursion probability can be shown to be in dependent of many parameters.
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Yunusova, D. E., S. A. Sadchikova, and V. M. Son. "Time-probability characteristic's analysis of Associative Switching Fabric." In 2010 4th International Conference on Application of Information and Communication Technologies (AICT). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icaict.2010.5611795.

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Nan Ding, Shude Zhou, Hao Zhang, and Zengqi Sun. "Marginal probability distribution estimation in characteristic space of covariance-matrix." In 2008 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cec.2008.4631004.

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Aoki, Shigeru. "Reliability of System With Hysteresis Loop Characteristic Subjected to Earthquake Excitations." In ASME 2007 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2007-26250.

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Estimation of reliability of system subjected to earthquake excitations is important problem for aseismic design. Reliability of such system should be evaluated in probabilistic manner. First excursion failure is one of the most important failure modes of structures and one of a factor of reliability. Many structures have nonlinear characteristics. Hysteresis loop characteristic caused by plastic deformation is one of the most common nonlinear characteristics observed in pressure vessels and piping systems. In this paper, an estimation method for the first excursion probability of structure with hysteresis loop characteristic is proposed. The first excursion probability is the function of many parameters. First excursion probability is obtained by using artificial time histories. It is shown that when the tolerance level is normalized by the expected values of the maximum response of the structures, the first excursion probability can be shown independent of many parameters.
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Hongliang Gao. "The probability characteristic of function approximation based on artificial neural network." In 2010 International Conference on Computer Application and System Modeling (ICCASM 2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccasm.2010.5619172.

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Blasch, Erik P., Jim Hoffman, and Joe Petty. "Defining a fusion-gain system operation characteristic (SOC) curve based on probability of detection and probability of false alarms." In Aerospace/Defense Sensing, Simulation, and Controls, edited by Ivan Kadar. SPIE, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.436966.

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Xie, Junhao, and Zexun Wang. "Probability Density Function Estimation Based on Windowed Fourier Transform of Characteristic Function." In 2009 2nd International Congress on Image and Signal Processing (CISP). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cisp.2009.5300813.

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Shintani, Masanori, Hiroyuki Ikuta, and Hajime Takada. "Study on Nonlinear Vibration Characteristic Evaluation of Nonlinear Vibration System With Gaps by Transition Probability Density Function." In ASME/JSME 2004 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2004-2949.

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In this paper, the transition probability density functions between response velocity and response displacement in nonlinear vibration systems which have the restoring force characteristic of a cubic equation are governed by the Fokker-Planck Equation. The experimental probability density functions are compared with analytical results. The analytical model of the cubic equation as Duffing Equation is proposed by the restoring force characteristic of the nonlinear vibration system with gaps in the experiments. However, a slight difference for the frequency range of the transfer function was shown by simulation results. Then, it is considered using transition probability density functions in the response characteristic. For stationary random input waves, the probability density function between the response displacement and the response velocity are easily estimated by the Fokker-Planck Equation and the Duffing Equation. The slight difference of the transfer function of the response acceleration is evaluated by the scattering of the restoring force characteristic estimated by the probability density function and self-natural frequency curve. The R.M.S. value and the transfer function of the experimental results are compared with the analytical results. It is thought that the estimation of the probability density function of the response has validity. It is thought that the evaluation of the nonlinear vibration characteristics by the probability density function is valid.
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Arnaud, Bannier, Bodin Nicolas, and Filiol Eric. "Automatic Search for a Maximum Probability Differential Characteristic in a Substitution-Permutation Network." In 2015 48th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/hicss.2015.610.

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Reports on the topic "Characteristic of probability"

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Li, Huani, Xuanlong Ma, and Ruiqin Fu. The Probability that a Subgroup of a Finite Group Is Characteristic. "Prof. Marin Drinov" Publishing House of Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7546/crabs.2021.09.01.

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Beuermann, Diether, Nicolas L. Bottan, Bridget Hoffmann, C. Kirabo Jackson, and Diego A. Vera-Cossio. Research Insights: Can Education Protect Employment during Times of Economic Disruption? Inter-American Development Bank, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003698.

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Women with test scores above a secondary school admission threshold for preferred schools increase their years of education and entrance to university. Men increase neither years of schooling nor university attendance. Females with scores just above an admission threshold are significantly less likely to experience a job loss during the recession than those just below. Moreover, each year of education reduces the probability of job loss. The protective effects of education are related to workers attributes and not to job characteristics or access to childcare. Education, in and of itself, has a protective role during downturns.
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Bedoya-Maya, Felipe, Lynn Scholl, Orlando Sabogal-Cardona, and Daniel Oviedo. Who uses Transport Network Companies?: Characterization of Demand and its Relationship with Public Transit in Medellín. Inter-American Development Bank, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003621.

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Transport Network Companies (TNCs) have become a popular alternative for mobility due to their ability to provide on-demand flexible mobility services. By offering smartphone-based, ride-hailing services capable of satisfying specific travel needs, these modes have transformed urban mobility worldwide. However, to-date, few studies have examined the impacts in the Latin American context. This analysis is a critical first step in developing policies to promote efficient and sustainable transport systems in the Latin-American region. This research examines the factors affecting the adoption of on-demand ride services in Medellín, Colombia. It also explores whether these are substituting or competing with public transit. First, it provides a descriptive analysis in which we relate the usage of platform-based services with neighborhood characteristics, socioeconomic information of individuals and families, and trip-level details. Next, factors contributing to the election of platform-based services modeled using discrete choice models. The results show that wealthy and highly educated families with low vehicle availability are more likely to use TNCs compared to other groups in Medellín. Evidence also points at gender effects, with being female significantly increasing the probability of using a TNC service. Finally, we observe both transit complementary and substitution patterns of use, depending on the context and by whom the service is requested.
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Tyshchenko, Yelyzaveta Yu, та Andrii M. Striuk. Актуальність розробки моделі адаптивного навчання. [б. в.], 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/2889.

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The learning process can be made most effective by transferring the educational process to the electronic environment. Thanks to adaptive testing, the accuracy, quality, reliability of training and student interest are enhanced, which allows him to be more motivated. This is a new approach for the student to master most of the information. The introduction of an adaptive testing system ensures the improvement of student learning performance. From the proper organization of the control of knowledge depends on the effectiveness of the educational process. Adaptive testing involves changing the sequence of tasks in the testing process itself, taking into account the answers to the tasks already received. In the process of passing the test, a personality model is built that learns for later use in selecting the following testing tasks, depending on the level of knowledge of the student and his individual characteristics. When calculating the assessment, the adaptive testing system takes into account the probability that the student can guess the answer, the number of attempts to pass the test and the average result achieved during all attempts. The complex of tasks for adaptive testing can be developed taking into account a separate type of perception of information by each student, that is, the student is offered tasks that he is able to cope with and which are interesting for him, which means he is more confident in his abilities and aims at successful completion of the course.
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Robson, Jennifer. The Canada Learning Bond, financial capability and tax-filing: Results from an online survey of low and modest income parents. SEED Winnipeg/Carleton University Arthur Kroeger College of Public Affairs, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22215/clb20220301.

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Previous research has identified several likely causes of eligible non-participation in the Canada Learning Bond (CLB), including awareness, financial exclusion, and administrative barriers. This study expands on that research, with a particular focus on the role of tax-filing as an administrative obstacle to accessing the CLB. I present results from an online survey of low and modest income parents (n=466) conducted in 2021. We find that, even among parents reporting they have received the CLB (46%), a majority (51%) report low confidence in their familiarity with the program, and more than one in six (17%) are unaware of the need to file tax returns to maintain eligibility for annual CLB payments. Self-reported regular tax-filing is associated with a 59% increase in the probability of accessing the CLB, even when controlling for a range of parental characteristics. This study confirms previous work by Harding and colleagues (2019) that non-filing may explain some share of eligible non-participation in education savings incentives. Tax-filing services may be an important pathway to improve CLB access. Low and modest income parents show substantial diversity in their preferred filing methods and outreach efforts cannot be concentrated in only one avenue if they are to be successful. The study also tests a small ‘nudge’ to address gaps in awareness and finds that information-only approaches to outreach are likely to have limited success, even with motivated populations.
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Avellán, Leopoldo, Zulima Leal Calderon, and Giulia Lotti. Why do some Development Projects Disburse Funds Faster than Others. Inter-American Development Bank, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003839.

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The timely disbursement of funds is a necessary condition for the success of international development projects. Disbursements track the progress of projects in completing the products that ultimately will deliver the projects desired outcomes. Moreover, in a world with pressing needs for external financing, project disbursements are an important source of external liquidity for recipient countries. However, some projects start disbursing faster than others and at relatively larger amounts. Hence learning why some projects disburse faster than others is important to understand not only which projects are more likely to achieve development outcomes sooner, but also to assess their value as providers of external liquidity in times of distress. As it has become evident over the past year with the COVID-19 pandemic, multilateral lending has played a crucial role in helping emerging countries face the larger financing needs originated by the crisis. In 2020, Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) disbursements increased 49% over 2019, reaching $13.4 billion, more than doubling the baseline disbursement projection. This paper assesses which observable characteristics of investment loans offered by the IDB are associated with faster disbursements. The results indicate substantial heterogeneity across countries, sectors, and loan modalities. All else constant, results-based loans and loans in the social sector are more likely to disburse within 2 years after being approved. Projects in countries where it takes longer to meet at least some of the clauses to start disbursing are less likely to start disbursing 2 years after approval. Projects that are expected to have longer execution times disburse at slower speeds within 24 months after approval. Overall, country factors seem to play a more relevant role than sectorial factors in explaining the probability that a project will disburse funds quickly. These and other findings in the paper can inform future programming exercises and help optimize the disbursement processes.
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Ficht, Thomas, Gary Splitter, Menachem Banai, and Menachem Davidson. Characterization of B. Melinensis REV 1 Attenuated Mutants. United States Department of Agriculture, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7580667.bard.

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Brucella Mutagenesis (TAMU) The working hypothesis for this study was that survival of Brucella vaccines was directly related to their persistence in the host. This premise is based on previously published work detailing the survival of the currently employed vaccine strains S19 and Rev 1. The approach employed signature-tagged mutagenesis to construct mutants interrupted in individual genes, and the mouse model to identify mutants with attenuated virulence/survival. Intracellular survival in macrophages is the key to both reproductive disease in ruminants and reticuloendothelial disease observed in most other species. Therefore, the mouse model permitted selection of mutants of reduced intracellular survival that would limit their ability to cause reproductive disease in ruminants. Several classes of mutants were expected. Colonization/invasion requires gene products that enhance host-agent interaction or increase resistance to antibacterial activity in macrophages. The establishment of chronic infection requires gene products necessary for intracellular bacterial growth. Maintenance of chronic infection requires gene products that sustain a low-level metabolism during periods characterized little or no growth (1, 2). Of these mutants, the latter group was of greatest interest with regard to our originally stated premise. However, the results obtained do not necessarily support a simplistic model of vaccine efficacy, i.e., long-survival of vaccine strains provides better immunity. Our conclusion can only be that optimal vaccines will only be developed with a thorough understanding of host agent interaction, and will be preferable to the use of fortuitous isolates of unknown genetic background. Each mutant could be distinguished from among a group of mutants by PCR amplification of the signature tag (5). This approach permitted infection of mice with pools of different mutants (including the parental wild-type as a control) and identified 40 mutants with apparently defective survival characteristics that were tentatively assigned to three distinct classes or groups. Group I (n=13) contained organisms that exhibited reduced survival at two weeks post-infection. Organisms in this group were recovered at normal levels by eight weeks and were not studied further, since they may persist in the host. Group II (n=11) contained organisms that were reduced by 2 weeks post infection and remained at reduced levels at eight weeks post-infection. Group III (n=16) contained mutants that were normal at two weeks, but recovered at reduced levels at eight weeks. A subset of these mutants (n= 15) was confirmed to be attenuated in mixed infections (1:1) with the parental wild-type. One of these mutants was eliminated from consideration due to a reduced growth rate in vitro that may account for its apparent growth defect in the mouse model. Although the original plan involved construction of the mutant bank in B. melitensis Rev 1 the low transformability of this strain, prevented accumulation of the necessary number of mutants. In addition, the probability that Rev 1 already carries one genetic defect increases the likelihood that a second defect will severely compromise the survival of this organism. Once key genes have been identified, it is relatively easy to prepare the appropriate genetic constructs (knockouts) lacking these genes in B. melitensis Rev 1 or any other genetic background. The construction of "designer" vaccines is expected to improve immune protection resulting from minor sequence variation corresponding to geographically distinct isolates or to design vaccines for use in specific hosts. A.2 Mouse Model of Brucella Infection (UWISC) Interferon regulatory factor-1-deficient (IRF-1-/- mice have diverse immunodeficient phenotypes that are necessary for conferring proper immune protection to intracellular bacterial infection, such as a 90% reduction of CD8+ T cells, functionally impaired NK cells, as well as a deficiency in iNOS and IL-12p40 induction. Interestingly, IRF-1-/- mice infected with diverse Brucella abortus strains reacted differently in a death and survival manner depending on the dose of injection and the level of virulence. Notably, 50% of IRF-1-/- mice intraperitoneally infected with a sublethal dose in C57BL/6 mice, i.e., 5 x 105 CFU of virulent S2308 or the attenuated vaccine S19, died at 10 and 20 days post-infection, respectively. Interestingly, the same dose of RB51, an attenuated new vaccine strain, did not induce the death of IRF-1-/- mice for the 4 weeks of infection. IRF-1-/- mice infected with four more other genetically manipulated S2308 mutants at 5 x 105 CFU also reacted in a death or survival manner depending on the level of virulence. Splenic CFU from C57BL/6 mice infected with 5 x 105 CFU of S2308, S19, or RB51, as well as four different S2308 mutants supports the finding that reduced virulence correlates with survival Of IRF-1-/- mice. Therefore, these results suggest that IRF-1 regulation of multi-gene transcription plays a crucial role in controlling B. abortus infection, and IRF-1 mice could be used as an animal model to determine the degree of B. abortus virulence by examining death or survival. A3 Diagnostic Tests for Detection of B. melitensis Rev 1 (Kimron) In this project we developed an effective PCR tool that can distinguish between Rev1 field isolates and B. melitensis virulent field strains. This has allowed, for the first time, to monitor epidemiological outbreaks of Rev1 infection in vaccinated flocks and to clearly demonstrate horizontal transfer of the strain from vaccinated ewes to unvaccinated ones. Moreover, two human isolates were characterized as Rev1 isolates implying the risk of use of improperly controlled lots of the vaccine in the national campaign. Since atypical B. melitensis biotype 1 strains have been characterized in Israel, the PCR technique has unequivocally demonstrated that strain Rev1 has not diverted into a virulent mutant. In addition, we could demonstrate that very likely a new prototype biotype 1 strain has evolved in the Middle East compared to the classical strain 16M. All the Israeli field strains have been shown to differ from strain 16M in the PstI digestion profile of the omp2a gene sequence suggesting that the local strains were possibly developed as a separate branch of B. melitensis. Should this be confirmed these data suggest that the Rev1 vaccine may not be an optimal vaccine strain for the Israeli flocks as it shares the same omp2 PstI digestion profile as strain 16M.
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Implant users: Over five years after insertion (Further analysis of previous study data). Population Council, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/rh1997.1020.

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This secondary analysis report presents the characteristics of a subgroup of 235 women who are overdue in getting Norplant® implants removed after five years, factors related to the risk of nonremoval after five years, and issues related to accessing information about removal of implants. The main source of data for the present study is the “Norplant Implants® Assessment Study: Insertion, Use, and Removal” carried out in Indonesia in April 1996. This study consisted of a representative sample of 2,979 current and former Norplant users who had an insertion from April 1, 1987, to March 31, 1991, five or more years prior to 1996. The selected sample represented 14 provinces, 50 districts, 150 subdistricts, and 300 villages using stratified, multistage probability proportional to size. The secondary analysis used simple cross tabulations of characteristics and the current use status to study the characteristics of the sample women. The relative risk ratio values were calculated to understand factors related to the risk of not getting implants removed after five years.
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Postabortion case load study in Egyptian public sector hospitals. Population Council, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/rh1997.1016.

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There is an absence of reliable data on the incidence of incomplete abortion in Egypt. A diagnostic, descriptive study that neither tests an experimental intervention nor evaluates in a comprehensive manner the quality of postabortion medical care was undertaken to address this issue. The study is a cross-sectional observation of the volume and nature of the postabortion case load in Egyptian public-sector hospitals, and it responds to the following objectives: 1) Accurately estimate the number of women who present for postabortion treatment in ob/gyn in-patient facilities as a percentage of ob/gyn admissions in a representative sample of Egyptian public-sector hospitals during one month; 2) Describe the medical and sociodemographic characteristics of the postabortion patients, including the cause(s) of the lost pregnancies, whether the pregnancy was wanted, the medical treatments received, and contraceptive-use history. As stated in this report, the study's sampling frame consists of the approximate 569 public-sector hospitals in Egypt. Approximately 15 percent of the hospitals were randomly selected with the probability of selection proportionate to the average number of beds in each hospital, using standard sampling procedures.
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EFFECT OF RANDOM PRE-STRESSED FRICTION LOSS ON THE PERFORMANCE OF A SUSPEN-DOME STRUCTURE. The Hong Kong Institute of Steel Construction, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18057/ijasc.2022.18.1.5.

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The key to the high-efficiency performance of the suspen-dome structure is to apply the pre-stressed design value to the structure accurately. However, engineering practice has found that the use of tensioning hoop cables to apply the pre-stress will produce noticeable pre-stressed friction loss (PFL), which significantly affects the safety performance of the structure. In this paper, based on a 1:10 scaled-down experiment model of a suspen-dome structure with rolling cable-strut joint installed, the random PFL (RPFL) effect of the suspen-dome on structure performance was analyzed through a probability statistics theory. First, aiming at the unequal tensioning force at both sides of the tensioned hoop cable during the tensioning process, a pre-stressed force calculation method is proposed that considers the unequal tensioning control force and RPFL at all cable–strut joints, and the reliability of this method is verified through a tension test. Then, based on the cable-joint tension test carried out in the early stage of the research group, a random mathematical model of the friction coefficient (FC) at the rolling cable–strut joint is established. And then, the cable force calculation method is used to establish the random finite element model, and independent and random changes in the FC at each rolling cable–strut joint can be considered. Subsequently, the Monte Carlo method is used to calculate the random mathematical characteristics of the mechanical performance parameters such as the member stress and joint deformation, and the obtained results are verified through a static loading experiment. In addition, to investigate the effect of random defects on structural stability, other random defects, such as the initial curvature and installation deviation, were continuously introduce based on the random finite element model. As such, we could obtain the law of the effect of multi-defect random variation coupling on the structure’s ultimate bearing capacity.
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