Relevant bibliographies by topics / Characteristics of Timber

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Characteristics of Timber'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 3 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Characteristics of Timber"

1

Ceccotti, Ario. "Structural Timber: Characteristics and Testing." Structural Engineering International 3, no. 2 (May 1993): 95–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/101686693780612457.

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Höwler, Kirsten, Peter Annighöfer, Christian Ammer, and Dominik Seidel. "Competition improves quality-related external stem characteristics of Fagus sylvatica." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 47, no. 12 (December 2017): 1603–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2017-0262.

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Accurate information on the timber quality of hardwoods is often lacking, in particular for standing trees. In situ measurements of timber quality have the potential to improve the economic yield of a stand and may contribute to the optimal timing of a harvest and, in general, to improving forest management. Here, we used terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) to assess external timber quality metrics nondestructively. We investigated how competition intensity affected the metrics of 118 European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) trees. We found that two newly developed TLS-based measures of external stem characteristics (number of bark anomalies per metre and stem non-circularity) were affected by competition intensity, suggesting that regulating competition levels may improve timber quality. Our study confirms empirical findings indicating a positive relationship between competition intensity and timber quality of European beech and offers a new methodology to assess external timber quality measures in the field objectively and nondestructively.
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Mills, Thomas J., and Patrick J. Flowers. "Fire-induced changes in net value of timber: a sensitivity analysis." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 15, no. 5 (October 1, 1985): 973–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x85-154.

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The change in timber's present net value as a result of wildfire was estimated for 108 hypothetical fire situations in the northern Rocky Mountains of the United States. The net value changes, estimated by simulating timber yield changes on the fire site only, ranged from a loss of $964 to a gain of $1696 per acre ($2382 to $4191/ha) burned. The magnitude and sign of the net value changes were related to the fire size, fire severity, and timber management characteristics of the fire situation. The substantial impact of these separate fire situation characteristics suggests that efficient fire program management must consider the variability of the timber resource in detail. Net value change averages for large, heterogeneous areas would disguise considerable variation. The need for accurate timber net value change estimates can be filled by careful precalculation for standardized, situation-specific fire cases, thereby avoiding the computational inefficiencies of duplicative site-specific calculations.
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Brunetti, Michele, Michela Nocetti, and Paolo Burato. "Strength Properties of Chestnut Structural Timber with Wane." Advanced Materials Research 778 (September 2013): 377–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.778.377.

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Grading of timber for structural purposes allows material with similar physical and mechanical properties to be grouped together. The groups are defined by specific strength values and indicate the basic working stresses and stiffnesses to be used for structural design purposes. In particular, visual strength grading bases the assignment of each timber element to a grade on the characteristics that are visually measurable (i.e. knots, slope of grain, annual ring width). Very similar principles are implemented for the in situ assessment of timber structures, as recommended for example by the Italian standard UNI 11119, that specifies the procedures for the diagnosis of timber members. Currently, however, European standards and most of the national standards on strength grading refer to timber elements with rectangular cross section, while in existing buildings, members with irregular cross section are extremely common. Thus, 10 different provenances (5 from Italy and 5 from France) of chestnut timber were sampled. More than 600 structural elements with wane were visually examined in laboratory and all the characteristics were collected. Bending tests were then performed on each timber element until failure, and bending strength, as well as modulus of elasticity and density, were determined. Here, the limitations for the main strength-reducing characteristics and the characteristic values (fifth percentile for bending strength and density and the mean value for modulus of elasticity) of chestnut timber with wane are presented.
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Wang, Juan, Junxiao He, Na Yang, and Qingshan Yang. "Study on Aseismic Characteristics of Tibetan Ancient Timber Structure." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2017 (2017): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/8186768.

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Tibetan ancient timber structure has great historical, cultural, artistic, and scientific values. The structural configuration of members such as wall, roof, slab, and timber skeleton with semirigid joints is studied in this paper based on field survey results. The aseismic characteristics of Tibetan ancient timber structure have been summarized and introduced. One of the unique features of the Tibetan ancient timber structure is its special beam-column joint which has a semirigid behavior. Numerical simulations of a typical 3-storey structural unit in the Potala Palace are studied. The acceleration responses of the structure under the action of El-Centro seismic waves are studied. Results show that the arrangement of the joints is helpful for seismic resistance of the structure. Most Tibetan ancient timber structures are suffering from different types of damage to certain extent which is vulnerable to seismic actions. Typical damage problems of the structural components are summarized and the main causes of this damage are analyzed. Different rehabilitation methods that can be implemented are discussed, providing references for maintenance of the structures.
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Di Bella, Antonino, and Milica Mitrovic. "Acoustic Characteristics of Cross-Laminated Timber Systems." Sustainability 12, no. 14 (July 13, 2020): 5612. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12145612.

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The growing diffusion of cross-laminated timber structures (CLT) has been accompanied by extensive research on the peculiar characteristics of this construction system, mainly concerning its economic and environmental benefits, lifecycle, structural design, resistance to seismic actions, fire protection, and energy efficiency. Nevertheless, some aspects have not yet been fully analysed. These include both the knowledge of noise protection that CLT systems are able to offer in relation to the possible applications and combinations of building elements, and the definition of calculation methods necessary to support the acoustic design. This review focuses on the main acoustic features of CLT systems and investigate on the results of the most relevant research aimed to provide key information on the application of acoustic modelling in CLT buildings. The vibro-acoustic behaviour of the basic component of this system and their interaction through the joints has been addressed, as well as the possible ways to manage acoustic information for calculation accuracy improvement by calibration with data from on-site measurements during the construction phase. This study further suggests the opportunity to improve measurement standards with specific reference curves for the bare CLT building elements, in order to compare different acoustic linings and assemblies on the same base. In addition, this study allows to identify some topics in the literature that are not yet fully clarified, providing some insights on possible future developments in research and for the optimization of these products.
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Fang, D. P., S. Iwasaki, M. H. Yu, Q. P. Shen, Y. Miyamoto, and H. Hikosaka. "Ancient Chinese Timber Architecture. II: Dynamic Characteristics." Journal of Structural Engineering 127, no. 11 (November 2001): 1358–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9445(2001)127:11(1358).

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Cheng, Yingyao, Gregory Nolan, Damien Holloway, Jaskiran Kaur, Michael Lee, and Andrew Chan. "Flexural characteristics of Eucalyptus nitens timber with high moisture content." BioResources 16, no. 2 (March 2, 2021): 2921–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.16.2.2921-2936.

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The demand for timber resources in the building industry has been increasing. Plantation Eucalyptus nitens is of interest because of its sustainable supply and potential for structural applications. However, few design standards cover strength values of plantation eucalypt timber, especially flexural failure below and above the fibre saturation point, which is an important mechanism of failure in bending members used in the building industry. Static bending tests were undertaken using a universal testing machine to examine nonlinear bending behaviour of 130 fibre managed E. nitens small clear wood samples at low and high moisture contents (MC). The mean bending modulus of rupture (MOR) was 80.7 MPa for low MC and 59.0 MPa for high MC. The high MC samples exhibited larger displacements at low ultimate loads, while the low MC samples showed abrupt failures at relatively small displacements with high ultimate loads. The design characteristic values for low and high MC E. nitens were 68.5 MPa and 39.8 MPa, respectively. This research demonstrates that fibre managed E. nitens timber is a promising timber for structural applications, especially when exposed to water, as the MOR reduction of E. nitens timber above FSP is relatively lower than those of P. radiata, which is a traditional construction material.
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Wu, Guo Feng, Yi Fei Jiang, Hao Zhang, Bin Wang, He Yu Chen, and Jun Wen Pu. "Chemical and Physical Changes for Dimensionally Stability of Compressed Wood." Advanced Materials Research 129-131 (August 2010): 46–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.129-131.46.

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The objective of this study was to determine the chemical and physical changes of chemical modified on poplar wood. The chemical modifier was impregnated into cell lumen space by pulse-dipping machine to improve the dimension stability and mechanical property of timber. The timbers were compressed and dried by the multilayer hot-press drying to produce the modified timber. The modified timber had better dimension stability than the natural wood when they were immerged water continuous eight-hour. Characteristics of Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) for modified were studied by the FTIR spectrometer. The intensity of hydroxyl absorption peak in the infrared absorption spectrogram decreased significantly, and that of carbonyl decreased lightly, which due to the bond of the function groups of -NHCH2OH of urea-formaldehyde prepolymer react with the wood carboxyl (C=O) and hydroxyl(-OH). The morphologic models of chemical within wood were discovered by SEM.
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Helmling, Stephanie, Andrea Olbrich, Lena Tepe, and Gerald Koch. "Qualitative and quantitative characteristics of macerated vessels of 23 mixed tropical hardwood (MTH) species: a data collection for the identification of wood species in pulp and paper." Holzforschung 70, no. 9 (September 1, 2016): 839–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hf-2015-0195.

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Abstract The identification of wood species in paper products is highly important for the enforcement of the newly established timber regulations regarding the control of illegal logging. In the context of European Timber Regulation (EUTR), in the present paper a database has been established containing reference samples and anatomical descriptions for the identification of 23 tropical timbers from Southeast Asia in pulp and paper products. The vessel elements and fibers of these mixed tropical hardwoods (MTH) were characterized by light microscopy. The woods in focus were macerated, embedded and compared visually and statistically. The collected microscopic data and images are helpful for the identification of the wood species used for paper production.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Characteristics of Timber"

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Whale, L. R. J. "Deformation characteristics of nailed or bolted timber joints subjected to irregular short or medium term lateral loading." Thesis, London South Bank University, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.380658.

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Er, Akan Asli. "Some Observations On Seismic Behaviour Of Traditional Timber Structures In Turkey." Master's thesis, METU, 2004. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12605023/index.pdf.

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This thesis is about behaviour of traditional timber structures under lateral loads in Turkey. The timber-framed houses are the products of cultural heritage of people who live in Anatolia. These structures have performed well in earthquakes throughout the history. As a result, this study intends to present the observations on the seismic behaviours of traditional timber buildings with the help of computer-generated models. In this thesis, the general characteristics of timber are examined, the earthquake problem is briefly introduced, its effects on buildings are discussed, current knowledge on the earthquake performance of traditional Turkish timber buildings is presented, and their seismic behaviours are shown by using SAP2000 to help to better understand their behaviours in an earthquake.
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Hensyl, Curtis Hamilton. "Impacts of Land and Ownership Characteristics on the Stumpage Prices for Virginia's Nonindustrial Forests." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31706.

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The character of Virginia's nonindustrial private forests is changing primarily for two reasons. First, many large, continuous forested tracts are being sub-divided, into with the resulting smaller tracts purchased for amenity values and recreation instead of as a timber investment (Hodge 1993). Second, the demographics of non-industrial private forest (NIPF) landowners are shifting away from an agricultural, rural focus to an urban oriented lifestyle and absentee ownership. These changes may mean less timber available for purchase by the forest industry. Timber that is sold will be on smaller parcels that is bound to have an impact on the procurement activities of forest industries. However, little research has been performed on the impacts of site and landowner characteristic on stumpage prices. The objective of this research project is to identify how the stumpage price of timber is altered by the characteristics associated with the changing forest: decreasing tract size, decreasing harvested volumes, landowner residence, and landowner harvesting preferences. In addition to the price of timber, the competitiveness of timber sales is analyzed to determine what impact the fragmented forest could have on the competitiveness of timber markets. To perform the study, site and landowner information was collected for 138 recent NIPF timber sales that occurred within central Virginia. This region is identified as a critical area for the study of forestry activities because of the growing urban and suburban residential populations and the large amount of forest industry activities taking place there. Results show that access to the site is the most important characteristic determining the selling price of timber. Sites that are easy for logging crews and vehicles to approach dramatically increase the price paid per ton. Tract size is less important in determining bid prices for timber either once the total volume harvested passes a minimum of 500 tons, or there is mature hardwood sawtimber on the site and the acreage is greater than 50 acres. Landowners preference for select cut harvests results in a lower price per ton being paid by the purchaser due to the increased logging costs associated with this type of harvesting.
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Vinson, Christina C. "Impact of selective logging on inbreeding and gene flow in two Amazonian timber species with contrasting ecological and reproductive characteristics." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.510253.

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McNeil, Darin James Jr. "Gauging the Success of Timber Harvests Managed for Golden-winged Warblers (Vermivora chrysoptera)| Characteristics and Territory Density within a Wetland Reference System." Thesis, Indiana University of Pennsylvania, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1605064.

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The Golden-winged Warbler (Vermivora chrysoptera) is an imperiled songbird that breeds in early-successional plant communities of eastern North America. Conservation efforts on the breeding grounds have become a priority because population declines are understood to be driven chiefly by the loss/degradation of breeding habitat. Although the species is known to use a variety of upland and wetland habitat types, most previous research on the species has been conducted solely in uplands. I studied Golden-winged Warbler use and habitat characteristics in the Poconos region of Pennsylvania. Density estimates suggest that both timber harvests and wetlands support similar densities of Golden-winged Warblers. Microhabitat occupancy models revealed that those wetlands I surveyed with high densities of 1-2 m tall shrubs (>2x as many shrubs) supported fewer Golden-winged Warblers whereas wetlands with more saplings (>2x as many saplings) and sedge cover (~1.3x as many sedge observations) supported more warblers. Finally, I found that macro-scale habitat variables that I quantified did not predict species occupancy of wetlands, likely due to the homogeneous nature of the study area. My study suggests that both wetlands and timber harvests have similar capacity to support Golden-winged Warblers. Further, wetlands in the Poconos should be evaluated at the microhabitat-scale for vegetative attributes that meet Golden-winged Warbler habitat requirements, rather than at the macro-habitat scale.

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Williams, Lori Ann. "Amphibian Population and Community Characteristics, Habitat Relationships, and First-Year Responses to Clearcutting in a Central Appalachian Industrial Forest." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/10129.

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The overall goal of this project was to provide baseline data on amphibian species richness, relative abundance, and habitat use for a long-term landscape ecology study on MeadWestvaco industrial forest in the Allegheny Highlands of West Virginia. From results of area-constrained daytime searches (10 m x 10 m plots) across the landscape, I developed 9 regression models to predict amphibian relative abundance. I constructed models for each year for all plots on all habitat types, plots that were in a Stream Management Zone (SMZ), and plots that were in upland, or non-SMZ, habitat. Distance to perennial or ephemeral streams or perennial ponds (SMZ classification), the amount of available rocks along transects, and site index were the 3 most important habitat variables in models for all plots combined and were responsible for 24-32% of the inherent variation in population relative abundance. Other habitat variables that were significant in models were year, % canopy cover, the amount of available woody debris of decomposition classes 3-5 along transects, % woody stems (<7.5 cm DBH), soil pH, and % herbaceous vegetation. R2PRESS values for all 9 models ranged from 0.08 to 0.35. Amphibian relative abundance showed positive relationships with all significant habitat variables with the exception of year and % woody stems. In natural cover object use/availability analyses, I discovered salamanders preferred rocks over woody debris, relative to the amount available of each. Salamanders preferred flat rocks to any other shape, flagstones to any other type of rock, and rock lengths in the 31-40 cm class. Preferred wood widths were in class 5-10 cm, while preferred wood lengths were in class <50 cm; salamanders exhibited strong preferences for wood in higher states of decomposition (class 3-5). I provided baseline, preharvest data for 28-acre reference areas on 9 forest compartments scheduled for clearcuts. I sampled all 9 reference areas preharvest and sampled 3 during year 1 postharvest using coverboard and night plot surveys. On these 3 areas, species richness declined from preharvest to postharvest, but species diversity showed little change. Overall relative abundance declined significantly preharvest to postharvest with coverboard sampling (p=0.0172) and night plot sampling (p=0.0113). At coverboard stations, relative abundance declined significantly from preharvest to postharvest at a distance of 5-10 m (p=0.0163) and 40-50 m (p=0.0193) away from adjacent mature forest. Finally, using Pianka's index, I compared the night plot and coverboard sampling techniques in terms of proportions of the 4 most common species captured. These sampling techniques on average were >80% similar for all reference areas.
Master of Science
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Kelly, Katherine M. "Model Validation and Improvement Using New Data on Habitat Characteristics Important to Forest Salamanders, and Short-Term Effects of Forestry Practices on Salamander Movement and Population Estimates." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/36439.

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Amphibians, because of their semi-permeable skin, sensitivity to changing microclimates, and important role in ecosystems, are often viewed as indicators of ecosystem health. They make excellent organisms for studies on the effects of silvicultural practices. My goal was to provide recommendations for forest management in the southern Appalachians so that harvesting operations are compatible with maintaining healthy populations of forest amphibians. I tested previously created habitat models that determined the most important habitat characteristics for salamanders. I counted salamanders in 240 10 x 10 m plots located in the MeadWestvaco Wildlife and Ecosystem Research Forest in north-central West Virginia. We also collected a variety of habitat data in these plots to predict salamander abundance with previously created models. These simple linear regression analyses of predicted versus observed values suggest for most models (7 out of 9) a weak relationship between predicted and observed values (R2 from 0.0033 to 0.2869, p from < 0.0001 to 0.7490). However, one of the models showed characteristics suggesting that it predicted new data as well or better than the original data, and therefore was the most accurate at predicting salamander abundance, and could be used for management purposes, although there was still much unexplained variation. This model included the variables woody stems (< 7.5 cm DBH), available rock, riparian status (i.e., within 15 m of a stream), percent overstory canopy cover, and available highly decomposed woody debris (decomposition classes 3 to 5). All of these relationships were positive except for woody stems, suggesting that in order to maintain healthy populations of salamanders, we should protect areas next to streams, with high amounts of rock, decomposed woody debris, overstory canopy cover, and few woody stems. I also examined the immediate effects of clearcuts on salamander movement and population estimates. I batch marked salamanders in plots at the edges of a clearcut, and in a control plot. Using the Schnabel estimator, I estimated population sizes in each plot. I then compared population estimates pre- and post-harvest on the interior (harvested) and exterior (unharvested) sides of the plots, taking into account the control plot. I also examined adult-juvenile ratios and movements from one side of the plot to the other. I found no significant changes (p > 0.05) following harvest in any of these measures, suggesting that salamanders do not move out of the harvested area post-harvest, at least over the short term (10 months of this study). This suggests that a longer period of time (> 1 year) is required to observe the population declines detected in most studies.
Master of Science
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Muhammed, Suhaimi Bin. "Preservation characteristics of Malaysian timbers." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.385151.

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Factors influencing the application of copper(II) and boron-based preservatives to four commercially important timbers of Malaysia viz rubberwood (Hevea brasiliensis), (Koompassia malaccensis), keruing (Dipterocarpus spp.), and dark red meranti (Shorea spp.) were studied. Of the four, only kempas contains a significant amount of extractives; the ethanol-soluble extract reacts with copper(II) solutions to form insoluble Cu(II) complexes. The anatomical features which might influence the penetrability of preservative were shown by optical and electron microscopy to be starch grains, silica grains, gums and gum ducts, tyloses and the nature of pitting on various elements. Among the boron compounds studied, the trimethyl borate-methanol azeotrope gave better impregnation and relatively higher boric acid concentration. Both gas and liquid phase treatment of rubberwood gave a relatively high concentration of boric acid near the surface and a relatively low concentration in the interior. The distribution of copper in the four woods was established by atomic absorption spectrometry and scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray analysis. The distribution is similar to that of boric acid in rubberwood. The distribution of copper(II) and the solvent in rubberwood during drying was revealed by X-radiography and chemical analysis. It involves movement of the liquid phase and not simply of the vapour phase. The way in which the treated wood is dried greatly influences the distribution of copper. Drying via the radial and tangential faces results in a relatively high concentration of copper at the periphery leaving the centre with a relatively low concentration.
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Canino-Vazquez, Iván R. "Aerodynamic Load Characteristics Evaluation and Tri-Axial Performance Testing on Fiber Reinforced Polymer Connections and Metal Fasteners to Promote Hurricane Damage Mitigation." FIU Digital Commons, 2009. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/128.

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Damages during extreme wind events highlight the weaknesses of mechanical fasteners at the roof-to-wall connections in residential timber frame buildings. The allowable capacity of the metal fasteners is based on results of unidirectional component testing that do not simulate realistic tri-axial aerodynamic loading effects. The first objective of this research was to simulate hurricane effects and study hurricane-structure interaction at full-scale, facilitating better understanding of the combined impacts of wind, rain, and debris on inter-component connections at spatial and temporal scales. The second objective was to evaluate the performance of a non-intrusive roof-to-wall connection system using fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) materials and compare its load capacity to the capacity of an existing metal fastener under simulated aerodynamic loads. The Wall of Wind (WoW) testing performed using FRP connections on a one-story gable-roof timber structure instrumented with a variety of sensors, was used to create a database on aerodynamic and aero-hydrodynamic loading on roof-to-wall connections tested under several parameters: angles of attack, wind-turbulence content, internal pressure conditions, with and without effects of rain. Based on the aerodynamic loading results obtained from WoW tests, sets of three force components (tri-axial mean loads) were combined into a series of resultant mean forces, which were used to test the FRP and metal connections in the structures laboratory up to failure. A new component testing system and test protocol were developed for testing fasteners under simulated tri-axial loading as opposed to uni-axial loading. The tri-axial and uni-axial test results were compared for hurricane clips. Also, comparison was made between tri-axial load capacity of FRP and metal connections. The research findings demonstrate that the FRP connection is a viable option for use in timber roof-to-wall connection system. Findings also confirm that current testing methods of mechanical fasteners tend to overestimate the actual load capacities of a connector. Additionally, the research also contributes to the development a new testing protocol for fasteners using tri-axial simultaneous loads based on the aerodynamic database obtained from the WoW testing.
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Rumetshofer, Anna. "Playing the European Postal Code Lottery? : Analysis of Time to Market of new Drugs on the European Market." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Nationalekonomiska institutionen, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-391498.

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This thesis seeks to investigate the vastly varying time to market of newly approved drugs across Europe. Firtsly, I use a country fixed effects model on data of newly approved drugs from 2014 to 2017 from 18 European countries. I investigate the correlations between medication specific characteristics and the launch time and find that drugs intended to treat HIV, rheumatism or hepatitis are correlated with a faster launch time. Orphan drugs, though they represent a third of the dataset are found to be insignificantly correlated with time to market. Using a drug fixed effects model, I research important country characteristics in relation to the launch time and find that countries with higher imports of medications are correlated with a quicker time to market. Countries with larger medication export sectors experience a longer waiting time, which could be linked to companies trying to hinder the parallel export of new drugs.
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Books on the topic "Characteristics of Timber"

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Gérard, J. Major timber trees of Guyana: Timber characteristics and utilization. Wageningen, The Netherlands: Tropenbos Foundation, 1996.

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Schuster, Ervin G. Predicting timber sale costs from sale characteristics in the Intermountain West. Ogden, UT (324 25th St., Ogden 84401): U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station, 1989.

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Remington, Susan B. New Hampshire's stumpage and roadside prices: Characteristics and trends. [Broomall, Pa.?]: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station, 1986.

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Remington, Susan B. New Hampshire's stumpage and roadside prices: Characteristics and trends. [Broomall, Pa.?]: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station, 1986.

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Sendak, Paul E. Timber sale value as a function of sale characteristics and number of bidders. Radnor, Pa: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station, 1991.

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Sendak, Paul E. Timber sale value as a function of sale characteristics and number of bidders. Radnor, Pa: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station, 1991.

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Sendak, Paul E. Timber sale value as a function of sale characteristics and number of bidders. Radnor, Pa: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station, 1991.

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Remington, Susan B. New Hampshire's stumpage and roadside prices: Characteristics and trends. [Broomall, Pa.?]: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station, 1986.

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Sixsmith, Mark. Tree and timber data sheets: A guide to the characteristics of individual tree species. 3rd ed. Theale, Berkshire: Forestry Trust for Conservation and Education, 1995.

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Rosson, James F. Current stand characteristics of Louisiana timberland harvested between 1975 and 1991. New Orleans: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Forest Experiment Station, 1994.

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Book chapters on the topic "Characteristics of Timber"

1

Seeley, Ivor H. "Floors: Structures and Finishings; Timber Characteristics and Defects." In Building Technology, 99–124. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-12946-1_6.

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Seeley, Ivor H. "Floors: Structures and Finishings; Timber Characteristics and Defects." In Building Technology, 103–29. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-13565-3_6.

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Aseeva, Roza, Boris Serkov, and Andrey Sivenkov. "Heat Release Characteristics and Combustion Heat of Timber." In Fire Behavior and Fire Protection in Timber Buildings, 119–37. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7460-5_5.

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Coelho, José, João M. Guedes, Bruno Silva, and Tiago Ilharco. "Assessment of the Mechanical Characteristics of Timber Floors Through Simple Dynamic Identification." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 427–36. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-39492-3_36.

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Füssl, Josef, Markus Lukacevic, Stefan Pillwein, and Helmut Pottmann. "Computational Mechanical Modelling of Wood—From Microstructural Characteristics Over Wood-Based Products to Advanced Timber Structures." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 639–73. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-03676-8_25.

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Amtsberg, Felix, Caitlin Mueller, and Felix Raspall. "Di-terial – Matching Digital Fabrication and Natural Grown Resources for the Development of Resource Efficient Structures." In Proceedings of the 2021 DigitalFUTURES, 330–39. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-5983-6_30.

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AbstractThe research presented in this paper focusses on the concept of “Di-terial” which aims to merge digital design and fabrication technology with natural materials such as bamboo poles and raw timber. It proposes a digital workflow that uses sensing techniques to gain individual material information of natural, unprocessed construction resources and identify their individual strengths and characteristics and therefore its potential in load-carrying structures. This information is then used to develop bespoke designs and fabrication concepts, bridging the gap between unprocessed material and automated fabrication setups. Two case studies, developed to prove this concept, are described and compared. Both cases focused on the development of spatial structures using node-bar combinations of local resources.
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Vishwas, B. V., and Ashish Patel. "Time-Series Characteristics." In Hands-on Time Series Analysis with Python, 1–21. Berkeley, CA: Apress, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4842-5992-4_1.

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Brandeis, Geneviève, and Claude Jaupart. "Characteristic Dimensions and Times for Dynamic Crystallization." In Origins of Igneous Layering, 613–39. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-2509-5_21.

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Bezruchko, Boris P., and Dmitry A. Smirnov. "Model Equations: Restoration of Equivalent Characteristics." In Extracting Knowledge From Time Series, 255–73. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-12601-7_9.

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Yackerson, N., and N. S. Kopeika. "Non-Optogalvanic Signal Characteristic Times in Prebreakdown Discharges." In Gas Flow and Chemical Lasers, 397–401. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-71859-5_59.

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Conference papers on the topic "Characteristics of Timber"

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Yeo, S. Y., M. F. Hsu, K. Komatsu, and W. S. Chang. "Dynamic characteristics of Taiwanese traditional Dieh-Dou timber structures." In STREMAH 2013. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/str130401.

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Kudryavtsev, А. Yu. "THE TIMBER STANDS OF THE TIKHMENEVSKII BOR." In Prirodopol'zovanie i ohrana prirody: Ohrana pamjatnikov prirody, biologicheskogo i landshaftnogo raznoobrazija Tomskogo Priob'ja i drugih regionov Rossii. Izdatel'stvo Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/978-5-94621-954-9-2020-7.

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The article is devoted to the study of the ecological variety of the forest communities in the central part of the Volga Upland. Characteristics of the woods communities are given. Composition of the timber stand analyzed. The preliminary classification units compiled using the methods of table sorting on the basic of vegetation and soil characteristic.
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Che, A. L., Y. He, X. R. Ge, T. Iwatate, and Y. Oda. "Study on the Dynamic Structural Characteristics of an Ancient Timber — Yingxian Wooden Pagoda." In GeoShanghai International Conference 2006. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40862(194)52.

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Mahamid, Mustafa, Tom Brindley, Nicholas Triandafilou, and Slawomir Domagala. "Behavior and Strength Characteristics of Cross-Laminated Timber Mats: Experimental and Numerical Study." In Structures Congress 2017. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784480427.022.

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Christian J Brodbeck, John P Fulton, Joey Shaw, Timothy P McDonald, and Donn Rodekohr. "Linking Within Stand Variability to Timber Growth Characteristics for Site-Specific Forest Management." In 2007 Minneapolis, Minnesota, June 17-20, 2007. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.22969.

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"Assessment of the Structural Integrity of Timber Utility Poles Using Ultrasonic Waves." In Structural Health Monitoring. Materials Research Forum LLC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21741/9781644901311-16.

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Abstract. In this study, guided stress waves were used to evaluate the conditions of a timber utility pole experimentally and numerically using COMSOL Multiphysics. Macro Fiber Composites (MFCs), due to their flexibility and convenience to install on curved surfaces, were used to actuate and sense guided waves along the tested specimens. Based on the wave propagation characteristics in these types of structures, an MFC actuator ring, which was developed in the previous work, was applied to tune and enhance the propagating wave modes of interest. The designed ring was used to excite longitudinal ultrasonic wave modes, mainly L(0,1), for the purpose of determining the embedded length of the pole. For the damage localization a single MFC excitation was used which proved to be more efficient than the actuator ring. Embedding the timber in soil had minimum impact on the wave propagation characteristics, given that the waves were confined in the timber pole with minimal leakage to the surrounding. The embedded length was determined accurately for sound and damage timber, using both experimental and numerical data with an error of less than 3 %. The deterioration in the timber structure, within the embedded region, was also evaluated with high accuracy of 93 %. Based on the obtained results, guided waves have high potential to be used as a non-destructive tool for the assessment and evaluation of timber utility poles.
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f Švajlenka, Joze, Mária Kozlovská, and Marcela Spišáková. "GREEN AND ENERGY EFFICIENT SOLUTIONS IN THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY." In GEOLINKS International Conference. SAIMA Consult Ltd, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32008/geolinks2020/b2/v2/24.

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Ecology and environmental protection have been discussed more and more in the last few years. This trend was also affected by the construction and architecture department. Concepts such as green building, environmentally friendly materials, alternative energy sources and energy-efficient construction systems of buildings are depressed. All of this comes under the name "Green Buildings". Wood-based construction and material solutions are a response to these trends. Investors and users are gradually starting to think more environmentally friendly and therefore many times also make decisions for wood-based constructions. There are several systems that fall into the category of so-called crushed buildings. The aim of this work is to provide a look at the "greener" options offered in the construction industry with an emphasis on their energy and thermal characteristics. The subject of the research was selected structural parts of timber-based buildings applied to model constructions by means of which selected thermal-technical characteristics were evaluated. This work points out the differences between the compared design variants of wooden buildings in terms of their ability to effectively save energy sources for heating inserted during the operation of wood-based buildings.
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Yu, Hailing, David Jeong, John Choros, and Ted Sussmann. "Finite Element Modeling of Prestressed Concrete Crossties With Ballast and Subgrade Support." In ASME 2011 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2011-47452.

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With the first major installation in North American railroads during the 1960’s, concrete ties were believed to last longer than timber ties and have the potential for reduced life cycle costs. However, their characteristic response to initial pretension release as well as dynamic track loading is not well understood. In North America, concrete ties have been found vulnerable to rail seat deterioration (RSD), but the mechanisms contributing to RSD failures are not well understood. To improve such understanding, a comprehensive computational study of the tie response to dynamic track forces is needed. This paper presents an initial research effort in this direction that models concrete crossties as heterogeneous media in three-dimensional finite element analyses, i.e., the prestressing strands, concrete matrix and the strand-concrete interfaces are represented explicitly. Damaged plasticity models are employed for the concrete material, and linear elastic bond-slip relations, followed by damage initiation and evolution, are adopted for the strand-concrete interfaces. Further, the ballast is modeled with an Extended Drucker-Prager plasticity model, and the subgrade is modeled as an elastic half space. All material parameters are obtained from the open literature. Currently the rail fastening systems are not included in modeling. Two loading scenarios are simulated: pretension release and direct rail seat loading. The modeling approach is able to predict the deformed tie shape, initial interface deterioration, the compressive stress state in concrete and residual tension in the strands upon pretension release. The transfer lengths of the prestressing strands can be readily calculated from the analysis results. Further predicted are the rail seat force-displacement characteristics and the potential failure mode of a concrete crosstie under direct rail seat loading. The responses of two railroad concrete crossties with 8-strand and 24-wire reinforcements, respectively, are studied using the presented modeling framework. The analyses indicate a potential failure mode of tensile cracking at the tie base below the rail seats. The results show that the 24-wire tie is better able to retain the pretension in the reinforcements than the 8-strand tie, resulting in slightly stronger rail seat force-displacement characteristics and higher failure load. The effects of the load application method and the subgrade modeling on the predicted tie response are further studied.
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Babchuk, Yu Y. "Timbre characteristics of interjection “Yeah”." In CHALLENGES OF PHILOLOGICAL SCIENCES, INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION AND TRANSLATION STUDIES IN UKRAINE AND EU COUNTRIES. Baltija Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/978-9934-588-90-7-27.

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Di Gironimo, Giuseppe, Alessio Balsamo, Gianpiero Esposito, Kenan Melemez, and Antonio Lanzotti. "Concept Design, Virtual Prototyping and Ergonomic Analysis of an Innovative Skidding Winch Using a DES-TRIZ Approach." In ASME 2015 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2015-47043.

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The main objective of this work was to design an innovative skidding winch aimed to improve timber harvesting productivity, operators’ safety, and reduce environmental damage in contexts in which mechanized harvesting is limited. The study area is the north-western Black Sea region of Turkey. In the proposed methodology, the harvesting process was simulated with Discrete Event Simulation (DES) software in order to identify bottlenecks. An alternative process was compared with the original one within the DES software itself in order to validate further steps oriented to generate new innovative product concepts. The development of the product was focused towards customer satisfaction, collecting customer requirements and identifying quality characteristics with a Quality Function Deployment approach. Contradictions identified in the design phase were solved using the TRIZ contradiction toolkit, generating different product concepts. Inventive solutions provided by TRIZ were designed within parametric CAD software. The concepts were compared in virtual environment with focus on ergonomics, selecting an optimal solution. The results show that with the concept adopted is possible to achieve a substantial increase in productivity, from 121% to 133%, in terms of kilograms of logs per hour deposited on the landing. Moreover, the final concept allows for ergonomic loading operations and reduces environmental damage to soil and vegetation.
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Reports on the topic "Characteristics of Timber"

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Sendak, Paul E., and Paul E. Sendak. Timber sale value as a function of sale characteristics and number of bidders. St. Paul, MN: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, North Central Research Station, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/ne-rp-657.

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Thomas, J. Damage characteristics of time domain histories. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/7244133.

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McKeague, Ian W., and Mei-Jie Zhang. Identification of Nonlinear Times Series from First Order Cumulative Characteristics. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada239822.

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Newitt, L. R. Characteristics of time variations of magnetic declination in Canada. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/208240.

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Guzzo, Karen. Characteristics of First-Time Mothers Aged 40 and Older. National Center for Family & Marriage Research, May 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.25035/ncfmr/fp-18-08.

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Roose, L. D., and G. J. Rohwein. Early-time turn-on characteristics of a high current thyristor. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/266738.

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Shang, J. S. Characteristic Based Methods for the Time-Domain Maxwell Equations. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada272973.

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Daroux, M. L., B. D. Cahan, and E. B. Yeager. Theoretical Modelling of Cell and Battery Characteristics at Short Times/High Frequencies. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada198741.

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Jiang, Yanyao. Environmental Effects on the Incubation Time Characteristics in Stress-Corrosion Cracking. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada553752.

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Makarov, Yuri V., Shuai Lu, Jian Ma, and Tony B. Nguyen. Assessing the Value of Regulation Resources Based on Their Time Response Characteristics. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/946001.

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