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Journal articles on the topic 'Characterization of ammonium chloride'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Mydhili, B., Ancy Albert, and C. O. Sreekala. "Mixed Organic Halide Perovskite Energy Harvester for Solar Cells." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2426, no. 1 (2023): 012044. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2426/1/012044.

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Abstract Organic- inorganic hybrid perovskite shows promising properties such as optical, electrical, and magnetic. To address issues in the standard methylammonium lead iodide perovskite such as toxicity and stability, lead was replaced with Cu in metal ion part and iodine replaced by chlorine in the anionic position. In this work, methyl ammonium copper chloride (MA2CuCl4) and phenyl ethyl ammonium copper chloride (PEA2CuCl4) were synthesised. Optical and structural property variations of solution obtained by mixing MA2CuCl4 and PEA2CuCl4 in 1:1 ratio was studied. Methylammonium lead iodide

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2

Mi, Yingqi, Wenqiang Tan, Jingjing Zhang, et al. "Synthesis, Characterization, and Antifungal Property of Hydroxypropyltrimethyl Ammonium Chitosan Halogenated Acetates." Marine Drugs 16, no. 9 (2018): 315. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md16090315.

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Hydroxypropyltrimethyl ammonium chitosan halogenated acetates were successfully synthesized from six different haloacetic acids and hydroxypropyltrimethyl ammonium chloride chitosan (HACC) with high substitution degree, which are hydroxypropyltrimethyl ammonium chitosan bromacetate (HACBA), hydroxypropyltrimethyl ammonium chitosan chloroacetate (HACCA), hydroxypropyltrimethyl ammonium chitosan dichloroacetate (HACDCA), hydroxypropyltrimethyl ammonium chitosan trichloroacetate (HACTCA), hydroxypropyltrimethyl ammonium chitosan difluoroacetate (HACDFA), and hydroxypropyltrimethyl ammonium chitos

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3

Mushtaq, Muhammad, Hina Saba, Weiwei Wang, Muhammad A. Naeem, and Qufu Wei. "Fabrication and characterization of electrospun membranes from Poly(lactic acid) and hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride-modified montmorillonite clay." Journal of Industrial Textiles 50, no. 3 (2019): 415–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1528083719831083.

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Poly(lactic acid)/hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride-modified montmorillonite clay nanofiber membranes have been fabricated by the electrospinning technique. The nanofiber membranes were then characterized by scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy. Nanofiber membranes with different ratios of Poly(lactic acid) and hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride-modified montmorillonite have been spun by varying voltage supply during electrospinning. These parameters were found to have a substantial effect on the morphologies of these membranes. It was found that 8% (

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4

Sivasankari, B., and P. Selvarajan. "Growth and Characterization of ULMA Single Crystals Doped with Ammonium Chloride." Journal of Materials 2013 (March 31, 2013): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/216732.

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Single crystals of pure and ammonium chloride-doped urea L-malic acid (ULMA) were grown by slow evaporation technique. Many interesting results on several properties of ammonium chloride impurity added to ULMA single crystals have been observed and studied. The different morphology of ammonium chloride-doped ULMA crystals was noticed and the effect of ammonium chloride doping on the growth, optical, and hardness properties has been investigated. The presence of functional groups has been estimated by FTIR analysis. The lattice parameters of the grown crystals were studied by single crystal X-r

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5

Hossain, Syed Imdadul, Maria Chiara Sportelli, Rosaria Anna Picca, et al. "Green Synthesis and Characterization of Antimicrobial Synergistic AgCl/BAC Nanocolloids." ACS applied bio materials 5, no. 7 (2022): 3230–40. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6875107.

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This work carried out the synthesis and characterization of antimicrobial nanocolloids, which are based on the synergy of two colloidal nanoantimicrobials (NAMs): silver chloride and benzyldimethylhexadecyl-ammonium chloride (AgCl/BAC).

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6

Zhang, Shi Hong, Wei Chao Du, and Fa Shu Liang. "Synthesis and Characterization of Glycidyl Allyl Dimethyl Ammonium Chloride (GADAC)." Advanced Materials Research 554-556 (July 2012): 783–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.554-556.783.

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A brand new organic cationic monomer glycidyl allyl dimethyl ammonium chloride(GADAC) was synthesized with dimethylamine, allyl chlorine and epichlorohydrin to protect the oil and gas reservoirs from damage. The effect of temperature, pH, time and the mole ratio of reactants on cationic degree of GADAC was investigated by the orthogonal design experiments and then the effect of cation concentration on the cationic degree of GADAC was also studied. The optimal condition for synthesis was gained and the product was characterized by FIRS, and the results showed that the target-product had a very

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7

Deepthi, B. V., and Sobana Raj C. Isac. "Amalgamation, characterization and biological assay of benzyltrimethylammonium chloride." Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment 28, no. 2 (2023): 76–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.25303/282rjce76081.

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The year 2020 appeared to be a massive loss of human population due to the COVID-19 virus. During that period of time, different medicines were utilised as disinfectants to minimise the spread of the virus. Among those, quaternary ammonium compounds were the most likely to be utilised as disinfectants. In this study, a quaternary ammonium compound namely benzyl-trimethylammonium chloride was synthesised at 0.1N to 0.8N concentrations and tested to find the activities of bacteria and fungi. Since this compound prosperously acts against bacteria and fungi, it can also truncate the spread of dise

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8

Kolonial Prodjosantoso, Anti. "Preparation and Characterization of Chloride-Free Alumina-Supported Platinum Catalysts." Oriental Journal of Chemistry 34, no. 4 (2018): 2068–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/ojc/3404046.

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Supported precious metal catalysts are extensively used as efficient catalysts. This kind of catalysts, particularly chloride-free catalysts, sintesized using organoplatinum compounds as precursors has attracted immense research interest compared to their parent metals due to their unique physico-chemical properties. The main objective of this research is to prepare and characterize the chloride-free alumina-supported platinum catalysts. An organometallic compound of ammonium bisoxalatoplatinate(II) hydrate was used to prepare unsupported and alumina supported platinum catalysts. A series meth

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9

Jin, Zheng, Kai Zhao, Gang Chen, and Xu Zhang. "Preparation and Characterization of 2-Hydroxypropyltrimcthyl Ammonium Chloride Chitosan." Advanced Materials Research 183-185 (January 2011): 2216–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.183-185.2216.

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Chitosan has the potential to act as mediators of DNA transfection targeted to phagocytic cells such as macrophages, and to protect against biological degradation by nucleases as well as enhance gene expression. However, the poor solubility of Chitosan is the major limiting factor in its utilization. 2-hydroxypropyltrimcthyl ammonium chloride Chitosan has be prepared successfully through covalent binding of 2,3-Epoxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride ligands to the polymer’s primary amino groups and the polymer’s structure was verified with FT-IR spectra and NMR spectra. The new polymers were ob

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10

Dolinina, Alesya, Valery Korobochkin, Natalya Usoltseva, et al. "The Porous Structure Characterization of Products of Non-Equilibrium Electrochemical Oxidation of Copper and Cadmium." Key Engineering Materials 743 (July 2017): 292–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.743.292.

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The porous structure of copper-cadmium oxide system produced by electrochemical synthesis using alternating current in ammonium chloride solutions with concentrations of 3 and 25 wt% was studied. It was shown that the composition of electrolysis products is represented by oxides of copper (I) and (II), hydroxides of cadmium; it depends on the current density and the solution concentration. The products of joint electrochemical oxidation of copper and cadmium obtained in ammonium chloride solution with concentrations of 3 and 25 wt% and current densities of 1 and 3 A/cm2 are characterized by me

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11

Mota, Mariaugusta Ferreira, Fabricio Machado, and Meiry Glaúcia Freire Rodrigues. "Influence of Exchanged Surfactant on the Structure and Adsorption Properties of Brazilian Green Mud Clay." Materials Science Forum 727-728 (August 2012): 1473–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.727-728.1473.

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This work presents an experimental study focusing on the preparation and characterization of modified natural green clay-mud with quaternary ammonium salts of chloride and alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride (Dodigen) and dimethyl stearyl ammonium chloride (Praepagen). X ray Diffraction (XRD), infrared spectroscopy (IR) and expansion tests (adsorption capacity and Foster swelling) measurements were performed in order to evaluate the performance of the ion exchange reactions and the degree of affinity with oil products. It is observed an increasing in the XRD basal spacing of the modified c

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12

Pavlovic, M. G., B. M. Jovic, V. D. Jovic, U. Lacnjevac, and V. M. Maksimovic. "Electrochemical deposition and characterization of Ni-Mo alloy powders." Processing and Application of Ceramics 1, no. 1-2 (2007): 11–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/pac0702011p.

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Electrodeposition of Ni-Mo alloy powders from ammonium sulfate and ammonium chloride containing electrolytes of different Ni/Mo ions concentration ratios was investigated by polarization measurements. The morphology, chemical composition and phase composition of electrodeposited Ni-Mo alloy powders were investigated using DSC, TGA, SEM, EDS and XRD analysis. EDS results showed that powder composition depends on Ni/Mo ions concentration ratio, as well as on the position where the EDS analysis was performed. As-deposited alloy powders were nanocrystalline showing no XRD peaks with undefined morp

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13

Anisah, V. K. Sari, M. A. F. Turnip, P. Wulandari, and P. S. Rudati. "Physical and Chemical Characterization of Commercial Kappa-Carrageenan with Ammonium Chloride as Electrolyte in Organic Battery Application." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2734, no. 1 (2024): 012042. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2734/1/012042.

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Abstract In this research, we attempt to investigate the difference in physical and chemical characteristics of commercial kappa-carrageenan and purified kappa-carrageenan as electrolytes in organic battery applications. Kappa-carrageenan was used as a host polymer to prepare biopolymer electrolyte films and ammonium chloride was used to enhance the charge transport process in the electrolyte layer of the organic battery. We characterized the physical and chemical properties of commercial kappa-carrageenan and purified kappa-carrageenan by use of UV-Vis spectroscopy, tensile-test measurement,

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14

Li, Y. L., Q. X. Li, L. F. Zhi, and M. H. Zhang. "Synthesis, Characterization and Surface Activity of Trioctyl Hydroxyethyl Ammonium Chloride." Tenside Surfactants Detergents 48, no. 4 (2011): 305–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3139/113.110135.

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15

Liu, Yingwei, Xiaodeng Yang, Yan Li, Yijian Chen, Xiangzhu Zhou, and Tianduo Li. "Synthesis and characterization of the epoxy-functionalized quaternary ammonium chloride." Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects 498 (June 2016): 248–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2016.03.066.

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16

Schulenberg, Nikola, Olaf Hübner, Elisabeth Kaifer, and Hans-Jörg Himmel. "Synthesis and Structural Characterization of a Tetrameric Ammonium Chloride Cluster." European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry 2008, no. 13 (2008): 2165–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ejic.200701322.

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17

Wu, Xiu Li, Pi Xin Wang, and Ya Cui Guo. "Preparation and Characterization of Graft Copolymer of Acryloyloxyethyl-Trimethylammonium Chloride and Starch." Advanced Materials Research 634-638 (January 2013): 1977–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.634-638.1977.

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Using ammonium persulfate (APS) as the initiator, a series of cationic starch— acyrloxyethyl-trimethylammonium chloride (DAC) graft copolymers containing quaternary ammonium groups were prepared in aqueous solution. The results showed that the cationic graft copolymer of high cationic degree (DC) could be obtained in this reaction system. The maximum DC of 53.68% was achieved with ASP/starch mass percentage 1.0%, m(DAC):m(starch) = 2.5,at 50°C and reaction time 8h. Structures of the graft copolymers were characterized by FTIR, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and thermo-gravimetric/different

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18

Onyinyechi Clare Amaefule, Onyinyechi Clare Amaefule, Gideon Oluranti Ojediran, and Christogonus Oudney Akalazi. "Synthesis, characterization and antimicrobial evaluation of quaternary ammonium compounds from natural oils." Open Access Research Journal of Science and Technology 11, no. 1 (2024): 071–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.53022/oarjst.2024.11.1.0058.

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Quaternary ammonium salts refer to any class of salt derived from ammonium in which the nitrogen atom is attached to four organic groups covalently, as in benzalkonium chloride (R4N+). Quaternary ammonium compounds were synthesized from Canola oil (Brasssicanapus) and Coconut oil (Cocos nucifera) extracts by reacting the oils with N,N-diethylethylenediamine in the presence of potassium tertiary butoxide as catalyst. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectrometric analyses of the starting materials, the intermediates and the final products were conducted, the results showed a disappearance of t

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19

Sivalingam, Deebankarthikeyan, Hemalatha Elangovan, Manikandan Subramanian, Senthil Kumar Kandasamy, and Murugesan Govindasamy. "Synthesis and Characterization of PANI/Ferric Chloride Composite for Fabrication of Electrodes in Supercapacitor." Advanced Materials Research 768 (September 2013): 334–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.768.334.

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The main objective of this work is to synthesize polyaniline/ferric chloride composite and to measure the conductivity of the as prepared composite. And also, to analyze the ability of using Ferric Chloride doped polyaniline as an electrode material for the fabrication of supercapacitor application. By in-situ polymerization method, polyaniline in pure form and doped form with the ferric chloride were synthesized using ammonium persulfate as initiator in HCl medium. Polyaniline nanoparticles and its composite are characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy, FTIR, XRD and Conductivity meter.

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20

Chen, Minjie, Jiayi Liu, Yingju Liu, Cheng Guo, Zhuohong Yang, and Hong Wu. "Preparation and characterization of alginate–N-2-hydroxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride chitosan microcapsules loaded with patchouli oil." RSC Advances 5, no. 19 (2015): 14522–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ra14844d.

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21

Wang, Ruoxin, Xingyu Li, Yichen Ji, Mingzhou Yang, Jiayi Rui, and Xiaoya Guo. "Research on Dechlorination of Polyvinyl Chloride by Co-Hydrothermal Treatment with Lignin and Exploration of Mechanism." Catalysts 15, no. 6 (2025): 536. https://doi.org/10.3390/catal15060536.

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This study proposes a co-hydrothermal method for the dechlorination of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and the preparation of hydrothermal carbon. During the co-hydrothermal process, lignin was mixed with PVC, with ammonium carbonate serving as a supplementary additive. The effects of hydrothermal temperature, reaction time, and ammonium carbonate concentration on the dechlorination efficiency of PVC and the pH value of the system are discussed. The experimental results showed that the incorporation of lignin and ammonium nitrate manifested a remarkable synergistic effect, which substantially augment

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22

Kostyukova, Diana, and Yong Hee Chung. "Synthesis of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Using Isobutanol." Journal of Nanomaterials 2016 (2016): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/4982675.

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Iron oxide nanoparticles were synthesized by precipitation in isobutanol with sodium hydroxide and ammonium hydroxide. The isobutanol played a role of a surfactant in the synthesis. The nanoparticles were calcined for 100 min to 5 hours in the range of 300 to 600°C. The characterization of the samples by FTIR (Fourier-transform infrared) and XRD (X-ray diffraction) confirmed the formation ofγ-Fe2O3(maghemite) from Fe3O4(magnetite) at calcination at 300°C. The morphology and particle size were studied by SEM (scanning electron microscope). Nanoparticles in the range of 11–22 nm prepared at 0.09

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23

Gong, Xue-Di, Lai-Shun Shi, Tian-Yao Wang, and Xiao-Meng Yu. "The Synthesis and Characterization of a Novel Cationic Asphalt Emulsifier." MATEC Web of Conferences 264 (2019): 03006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201926403006.

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A new cationic asphalt emulsifier of N,N-dimethyl-N-(3-(N',N'-dimethyl amido)-2-hydroxy propyl)- coconut oil amide propyl-1-ammonium chloride was synthesized by two steps reaction of coconut oil acyl propyl dimethyl tertiary amine (PKO), epoxy chloropropane and dimethylamine. The chemical structure of the key intermediate of N,N-dimethyl-N-(ethylene oxide-2-methylene)-coconut oil amide propyl-1-ammonium chloride was confirmed by FTIR, 1H NMR and elemental analysis. The optimum reaction condition of first step was obtained by single factor analysis: reaction time 5 h, reaction temperature 50 °C

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24

Herold-Majumdar, Owik M., Pedro E. G. Loureiro, René Ullrich, and Claus Felby. "The reaction of lignin model compounds during enzymatic bleaching with a Curvularia verruculosa haloperoxidase: impact on chlorination." Holzforschung 74, no. 2 (2020): 156–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hf-2018-0283.

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AbstractRecent developments in enzymatic bleaching processes have led to replacement strategies of harsh chemicals by haloperoxidases. For this purpose, it is important to control the haloperoxidase-mediated formation of adsorbable organic halides (AOX). In this study, we studied the chlorination of monomeric and dimeric lignin model substrates. Guaiacol, acetovanillone, veratryl alcohol, pinoresinol and adlerol were treated with Curvularia verruculosa haloperoxidase and compared to a sodium hypochlorite treatment. High-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection-mass spectrometry

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25

Sun, Wein Min, Guang Cheng Zhang, Meng Meng Su, He Lin Li, and Xia Lei. "Synthesis, Characterization and Floculating Properties of Coply(AM-DAC) in Water and Wastewater Treatment." Advanced Materials Research 396-398 (November 2011): 1369–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.396-398.1369.

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A cationic polymeric flocculant was synthesized through solution polymerization. The polymerization was initiated by acrylamide and Aacryloxyethyltrimethyl Ammonium Chloride(DAC) monomers, and ammonium persulfate and sodium sulfite as redox initiation system. The copolymer obtained was characterized by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Its flocculating properties were evaluated by turbidity removal with clay suspensions, turbidity and COD removal with sewage using standard jar tests. The results demonstrate that the copolymer can be used as a kind of cationic polymeric flocculant

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26

Feng, Xinrui, and Bei Liu. "Preparation, Characterization, and Application of P(aluminum chloride-co-diallyldimethylammonium chloride) Hybrid Flocculant." Applied Sciences 14, no. 19 (2024): 8708. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app14198708.

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The hybrid flocculant P(aluminum chloride-co-diallyldimethylammonium chloride) was synthesized in this study. Diallyldimethylammonium chloride monomers were used and ammonium persulfate served as the initiator. The structure of P(aluminum chloride-co-diallyldimethylammonium chloride) was characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, an electrical conductivity test, and thermogravimetric analysis. Single-factor experiments were conducted to optimize the synthetic conditions of the hybrid flocculant. An optimized product with an intrinsic viscosity of

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27

Chithambaram, V., S. Jerome Das, R. Arivudai Nambi, and S. Krishnan. "Synthesis, growth and characterization of nonlinear optical urea–ammonium chloride crystals." Solid State Sciences 14, no. 2 (2012): 216–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solidstatesciences.2011.11.013.

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28

Ashayer, Roya, Samjid H. Mannan, and Shahriar Sajjadi. "Synthesis and characterization of gold nanoshells using poly(diallyldimethyl ammonium chloride)." Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects 329, no. 3 (2008): 134–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2008.07.004.

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29

Barbosa, Renata, Dayanne Diniz Souza, Edcleide Maria Araújo, and Tomás Jefférson Alves de Mélo. "Systematic Characterization of Different Quaternary Ammonium Salts to be Used in Organoclays." Materials Science Forum 727-728 (August 2012): 1552–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.727-728.1552.

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Studies of degradation have verified that the decomposition of some quaternary ammonium salts can begin to be significant at the temperature of about 180 ° C and like most thermoplastics are processed at least around this temperature, the thermal stability of the salt in clay should always be considered. Some salts are more stable than others, being necessary to study the degradation mechanisms of each case. In this work, four quaternary ammonium salts were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetry (TG). The results of DSC and TG showed that the salts based

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30

Li, Jiu, Xue Jing Song, and Rong Jie Yang. "Synthesis and Characterization of N,N-Dimethyl Dodecyl-(4-Vinyl Benzyl) Ammonium Chloride." Key Engineering Materials 575-576 (September 2013): 71–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.575-576.71.

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In this investigation, dodecyl dimethyl (vinylbenzyl) ammonium chloride is synthesized through the reaction between 4-vinylbenzyl chloride and N,N-dimethyl-dodecylamine. This resultant compound is characterized by H-NMR, FTIR, TGA, and antibacterial assays. It is found that this chemical reaction is achievable. Moreover, it is also observed that this compound have good thermal ability, and its decomposition temperature is 207°C. The antibacterial tests prove that it have excellent antibacterial abilities against E.coli and S. aureus. Therefore, these results are demonstrated that it can be app

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Mota, Mariaugusta Ferreira, Aline Cadigena Lima Patrício, Marcílio Máximo da Silva, and Meiry Glaúcia Freire Rodrigues. "Preparation and Characterization of Clay Chocolate "A" Organoclay Using Stearyldimethyl Ammonium Chloride as a Surfactant." Materials Science Forum 805 (September 2014): 667–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.805.667.

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Clays modified with quaternary ammonium salts, organoclays, have an affinity for organic compounds undergoing expansion. In this study, the smectite clay Chocolate" A" was subjected to the process of organophilization with quaternary ammoniumchloride, stearyl dimethyl ammonium chloride (Praepagen WB) to improve its hydrophobic properties and thus increase the affinity for organic compounds. The samples were characterized by X ray diffraction (XRD), infrared spectroscopy and tests of expansion by swelling of Foster. The results showed appropriate conditions organophilization process. Through XR

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Shojaipour, Maryam, and Mousa Ghaemy. "Highly efficient and antibacterial ion exchanger based on graphene oxide for removal of chromate and nitrate from water: synthesis, characterization and application." New Journal of Chemistry 45, no. 1 (2021): 268–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0nj04277c.

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A novel recyclable antibacterial anion exchanger based on graphene oxide (GO) and quaternary ammonium chloride (TMSQA) as a crosslinker/ion exchanger was prepared and used for the removal of chromate and nitrate from water.

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Shi, Chunhong, Wenquan Sun, Yongjun Sun, Lei Chen, Yanhua Xu, and Mengdan Tang. "Synthesis, Characterization, and Sludge Dewaterability Evaluation of the Chitosan-Based Flocculant CCPAD." Polymers 11, no. 1 (2019): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11010095.

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Carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS), acrylamide, and methacryloxyethyltrimethyl ammonium chloride were used as co-monomers to produce a sludge dewatering agent carboxymethyl chitosan-graft-poly(acrylamide-methacryloxyethyltrimethyl ammonium chloride) (CCPAD) by UV-induced graft polymerization. Single-factor experiments and response surface methodology were employed to investigate and optimize the grafting rate, grafting efficiency, and intrinsic viscosity influenced by the total monomer concentration, CMCS concentration, cationic degree, pH value, and illumination time. The structure, surface morpho

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34

Zhang, W., JJ Zhou, and XL Dai. "Preparation and characterization of reactive chitosan quaternary ammonium salt and its application in antibacterial finishing of cotton fabric." Textile Research Journal 87, no. 6 (2016): 759–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517516639818.

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The water soluble and reactive O-methyl acrylamide quaternary ammonium salt of chitosan (NMA-HTCC) was prepared with a view to develop an antibacterial finishing on cotton fabric. 2-hydroxypropyltrimethyl ammonium chloride chitosan (HTCC) was synthesized by the chemical reaction of chitosan and 2,3-epoxypropyltrimethyl ammonium chloride. Then, NMA-HTCC with reactive groups was synthesized by the chemical reaction of HTCC and N-(hydroxymethyl) –acrylamide, and its chemical structure was characterized by the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The antiba

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35

Ma, Kang, Bei Chen Lan, and Zhen Hua Guo. "Preparation and Characterization of Organically Modified Sepiolite by Octadearyl Dimethyl Ammonium Chloride." Advanced Materials Research 684 (April 2013): 182–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.684.182.

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To improve the compatibility and dispersion of the sepiolite in polymers, a surfactant of octadearyl dimethyl ammonium chloride（OTAC）was used to modify sepiolite. The experiment was used to analyze the effects of OTAC dosage, reaction temperature and reaction time on the wettability of organically-modified sepiolite. The effects on the structure performance of sepiolite were investigated by XRD, SEM and contact angle measurements. The orthogonal experimental esults show that the optimum amount of OTAC, reaction temperature and reaction time are 400 mmol/kg, 90 °C and 120 min, respectively.

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36

Charles, Laurence, Julien Chiron, and Jean-Pierre Galy. "Characterization of ammonium chloride derivatives by salt clustering in electrospray mass spectrometry." Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 17, no. 22 (2003): 2471–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rcm.1216.

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37

Liu, Jinbao, Shuang Yu, Wanying Qu, Zheng Jin, and Kai Zhao. "Self-Assembly of Soluble Chitosan Derivatives Nanoparticles for Vaccine: Synthesis, Characterization and Evaluation." Polymers 13, no. 23 (2021): 4097. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13234097.

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Herein, a novel chitosan derivative nanoparticle was proposed to function as a delivery carrier. First of all, an improvement was made to the way N-2-hydroxypropyl trimcthyl ammonium chloride chitosan (N-2-HACC) was synthesized. Moreover, the solution to one-step synthesis of N-2-HACC from chitosan (CS) was developed. Different from the previous report, the synthesis process was simplified, and there was a reduction in the amount of 2,3-epoxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (EPTAC) used. With its excellent water solubility maintained, the relatively low degree of substitution was controlled

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38

Nurul, Ku. "Characterization of A Diesel-Degrading Strain Isolated From A Local Hydrocarbon-Contaminated Site." Journal of Environmental Bioremediation and Toxicology 1, no. 1 (2013): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.54987/jebat.v1i1.24.

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A diesel-degrading bacterium has been isolated from a primary school soil. The isolate was tentatively identified as Serratia sp. Strain DRY5 based on the carbon utilization profiles using Biolog GN plates and partial 16S rDNA molecular phylogeny. Isolate 5 showed an increase cellular growth with respect to diesel concentrations from 0% until 2% where the optimum growth occurring at 2% (v/v) diesel concentration and was able to tolerate up to 8% (v/v) diesel. Based on the optimization studies using different nitrogen sources, Ammonium chloride proved to be the best nitrogen source. Ammonium ch

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Huang, S., and P. R. Jaffé. "Characterization of incubation experiments and development of an enrichment culture capable of ammonium oxidation under iron-reducing conditions." Biogeosciences 12, no. 3 (2015): 769–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-769-2015.

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Abstract. Incubation experiments were conducted using soil samples from a forested riparian wetland where we have previously observed anaerobic ammonium oxidation coupled to iron reduction. Production of both nitrite and ferrous iron was measured repeatedly during incubations when the soil slurry was supplied with either ferrihydrite or goethite and ammonium chloride. Significant changes in the microbial community were observed after 180 days of incubation as well as in a continuous flow membrane reactor, using 16S rRNA gene PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis, 454 pyrosequencing, and

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Huang, S., and P. R. Jaffé. "Characterization of incubation experiments and development of an enrichment culture capable of ammonium oxidation under iron reducing conditions." Biogeosciences Discussions 11, no. 8 (2014): 12295–321. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-11-12295-2014.

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Abstract. Incubation experiments were conducted using soil samples from a forested riparian wetland where we have previously observed anaerobic ammonium oxidation coupled to iron reduction. Production of both nitrite and ferrous iron were measured repeatedly during incubations when the soil slurry was supplied with either ferrihydrite or goethite and ammonium chloride. Significant changes in the microbial community were observed after 180 days of incubation as well as in a continuous flow membrane reactor, using 16S rRNA gene PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis, 454-pyrosequencing, and

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Xie, Zhen Hai, and Jian Kang Li. "Preparation and Characterization of Chemical Bath Deposited CdS Thin Films for Solar Cells." Materials Science Forum 743-744 (January 2013): 438–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.743-744.438.

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Chemical bath deposition of CdS thin film for solar cells was investigated in this study. CdS thin films were prepared by chemical-bath deposition (CBD) from a bath containing cadmium acetate, ammonium chloride, ammonium hydroxide and thiourea in aqueous solution on the glass substrate at certain bath temperature. The characterization of samples was conducted by using different methods such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and ultraviolet spectrophotometry (UV). The crystal quality of CdS thin films was improved after CdCl2 thermal annealing at 400C. The results s

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An, Gao Jun, Chun Hua Xiong, Chang Bo Lu, and Zhao Jun Chen. "Synthesis of Porous Molybdenum Disulfide Materials with High Specific Surface Area Using Sodium Chloride as the Template." Advanced Materials Research 217-218 (March 2011): 1569–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.217-218.1569.

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One novel, simple and convenient synthetic approach has been proposed to prepare the porous molybdenum disulfide materials by utilizing ammonium tetrathiomolybdate as the precursor and sodium chloride as the template. The as-synthesized products were characterized by X-ray powder Diffraction (XRD), Low-temperature N2 Adsorption (BET method), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The characterization results reveal that the as-synthesized molybdenum disulfide material has high specific surface area (253.5 m2/g).

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Rahayu, Aster, Dhias Cahya Hakika, Nafira Alfi Zaini Amrillah, and Veranica Veranica. "Synthesis and characterization of ammonium polymer for anion removal in aqueous solutions." Polimery 68, no. 10 (2023): 537–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.14314/polimery.2023.10.3.

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In a one-step thermal process using 2-[(methacryloyloxy)ethyl]trimethylammonium chloride (META), an ammonium polymer was successfully obtained for the removal of anions (nitrates, nitrites, and phosphates) from aqueous solutions. Ethylene dimethacrylate (EDMA) was used as a cross-linking agent. The effect of cross-linking agent, porogen, and polymerization time on the structure and physical properties of the obtained polymer was examined (FTIR, SEM, BET, elemental analysis). The optimal conditions for META synthesis were a monomer to porogen ratio of 20:80, 75% functional monomer content and a

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Zeng, Ganmin, Jing Han, Beibei Dai, et al. "Preparation and Characterization of Alkaline Anion Exchange Membrane for Fuel Cells Application." Journal of Nanotechnology 2017 (2017): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/3701378.

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Alkaline anion exchange membrane (AAEM) plays an important role in the development of fuel cell. In this research, the electrostatic spinning technology was used to prepare AAEM. We use BC/TiO2 membrane as substrate by introduced quaternary ammonium groups to prepare BC/TiO2/CHPTAC (3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride) composite membranes. The as-prepared composite membrane was characterized by XRD, SEM, XPS, and TG methods. It was found that BC/TiO2/CHPTAC (0.05 g) membrane exhibited high thermal stability and better comprehensive performance. The degree of substitution (DS),

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Huang, Xiaoming, Ning Wang, Zhang Kang, Xiao Yang, and Min Pan. "An Investigation into the Adsorption of Ammonium by Zeolite-Magnetite Composites." Minerals 12, no. 2 (2022): 256. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min12020256.

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The discharging of ammonium from industrial, domestic, and livestock sewage has caused eutrophication of the water environment. The objectives of this study are to synthesize magnetic zeolite (M-Zeo) by an eco-friendly, economical, and easy procedure and to investigate its suitability as an adsorbent to remove ammonium from an aqueous solution. Based on characterization from XRD, BET, and SEM-EDS, Fe3O4 was proved to successfully load on natural zeolite. The effect of pH, temperatures, reacting times, initial ammonium concentrations, and regeneration cycles on ammonium adsorption was examined

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Rikalovic, Milena, Gordana Gojgic-Cvijovic, Miroslav Vrvic, and Ivanka Karadzic. "Production and characterization of rhamnolipids from Pseudomonas aeruginosa san ai." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 77, no. 1 (2012): 27–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc110211156r.

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Production and characterization of rhamnolipid biosurfactant obtained by strain Pseudomonas aeruginosa san ai was investigated. With regard to carbon and nitrogen source several media were tested to enhance production of rhamnolipids. Phosphate-limited proteose peptone-ammonium salt (PPAS) medium supplemented with sun flower oil as a source of carbon and mineral ammonium chloride and peptone as a nitrogen source greatly improved rhamnolipid production, from 0.15 on basic PPAS (C/N ratio 4.0), to 3 g L-1, on optimized PPAS medium (C/N ratio 7.7). Response surface methodology analysis was used f

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Pei, Li-jun, Zhao-sheng Cai, Zhan-qian Song, Xue-mei Zhu, and Shi-bin Shang. "3-Chloro-2-hydroxypropyl Dimethyl Dehydroabietyl Ammonium Chloride: Synthesis, Characterization, and Physicochemical Properties." Journal of Surfactants and Detergents 17, no. 3 (2013): 493–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11743-013-1490-0.

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Price, Jacquelyn Tara, Weijue Gao, and Pedram Fatehi. "Lignin-g-poly(acrylamide)-g-poly(diallyldimethyl- ammonium chloride): Synthesis, Characterization and Applications." ChemistryOpen 7, no. 8 (2018): 645–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/open.201800105.

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Shang, Hongzhou, Jianping Liu, Yubin Zheng, and Leigang Wang. "Synthesis, characterization, and flocculation properties of poly(acrylamide-methacryloxyethyltrimethyl ammonium chloride-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxy silane)." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 111, no. 3 (2009): 1594–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.29015.

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Martak, Fahimah, Hamzah Fansuri, and Sekarayu Dianing Putri. "SYNTHESIS AND MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF BINUCLEAR COMPLEX [N(n-C₄H₉)₄][Mn^IIFe^III(ox)₃]." Indonesian Journal of Chemistry 12, no. 1 (2012): 89–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijc.21377.

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Binuclear complex, [N(n-C4H9)4][MnIIFeIII(ox)3] (ox=oxalate), has been synthesized and characterized. Binuclear complex with formula of [N(n-C4H9)4][MnIIFeIII(ox)3] was synthesized by forming precursor K3[Fe(ox)3] which was followed by adding manganese chloride and tetrabutyl ammonium chloride. Characterization of the complex was made by microanalysis, FT-IR spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction and Magnetic Susceptibility Balance. Magnetic moment of binuclear complex [N(n-C4H9)4][MnIIFeIII(ox)3] is 7.81 BM. The compound has higher magnetic moment than the previously reported compound with different

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