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Journal articles on the topic 'Characterization of sensors'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 8 June 2024

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Giurgiutiu, Victor, and Andrei N. Zagrai. "Characterization of Piezoelectric Wafer Active Sensors." Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures 11, no. 12 (2000): 959–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1106/a1hu-23jd-m5au-engw.

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In the beginning, the classical one-dimensional analysis of piezoelectric active sensors is reviewed. The complete derivation for a free-free sensor is then extended to cover the cases of clamped and elastically constrained sensors. An analytical model based on structural vibration theory and theory of piezoelectricity was developed and used to predict the electromechanical (E/M) impedance response, as it would be measured at the piezoelectric active sensor’s terminals. The model considers one-dimensional structures and accounts for both axial and flexural vibrations. The numerical analysis wa

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Petrović, Davor, and Željko Barač. "Different Sensor Systems for the Application of Variable Rate Technology in Permanent Crops." Tehnički glasnik 12, no. 3 (2018): 188–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.31803/tg-20180213125928.

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The paper presents a review of different sensory systems for trees’ characterization and detection in permanent crops and the detection of plant health status in crop conditions for the purpose of applying the variable application rate. The use of new technologies enables the use of variable inputs in production with the aim of increasing the economic profit and reducing the negative impact on the environment. World trends increasingly emphasize the use of various sensor systems to achieve precision agriculture and apply the following: ultrasonic sensors for the detection of permanent crops; L

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Aijazi, A. K., L. Malaterre, L. Trassoudaine, and P. Checchin. "SYSTEMATIC EVALUATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF 3D SOLID STATE LIDAR SENSORS FOR AUTONOMOUS GROUND VEHICLES." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIII-B1-2020 (August 6, 2020): 199–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliii-b1-2020-199-2020.

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Abstract. 3D LiDAR sensors play an important part in several autonomous navigation and perception systems with the technology evolving rapidly over time. This work presents the preliminary evaluation results of a 3D solid state LiDAR sensor. Different aspects of this new type of sensor are studied and their data are characterized for their effective utilization for object detection for the application of Autonomous Ground Vehicles (AGV). The paper provides a set of evaluations to analyze the characterizations and performances of such LiDAR sensors. After characterization of the sensor, the per

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Wang, Shengjie, and Heng Yang. "Characterization and simulation study of rGO@epoxy strain sensor for implantation into CFRP composites." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2897, no. 1 (2024): 012020. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2897/1/012020.

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Abstract Epoxy-based strain sensors are considered an ideal choice for online monitoring due to their excellent compatibility with carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites. However, the existing preparation processes for sensors are usually quite complex and have high requirements for experimental equipment and process conditions. This study proposes a novel and simple preparation method for sensors, which integrates laser reduction of graphene oxide and pre-cured epoxy film technology. By precisely controlling the pre-curing time of the epoxy film, the integrity of the sensing layer

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Yulianti, Ian, Ngurah Made Darma Putra, Fianti Fianti, et al. "Characterization of Temperature Response of Asymmetric Tapered-Plastic Optical Fiber-Mach Zehnder Interferometer." Jurnal Penelitian Fisika dan Aplikasinya (JPFA) 10, no. 1 (2020): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.26740/jpfa.v10n1.p34-43.

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Temperature measurement is important in various applications; therefore, various temperature sensors have been developed. Due to its advantages, many optical fiber-based temperature sensors have been proposed. The wavelength modulation-based optical sensor is interesting due to high accuracy. However, the complex fabrication process and high cost limit the advantages of the sensors. Therefore, we proposed a simple and low-cost Mach Zehnder interferometer (MZI) sensor using step-index plastic optical fiber (SI-POF). Performance characterization of the sensor to temperature variation is presente

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Dongre, J. K. "Types of Sensors and their Characterization." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 13, no. 3 (2025): 3578–81. https://doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2025.68144.

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Sensor is a device that receives and responds to a signal or stimulus. The sensor is based on transducer principle that converts any type of energy into electrical energy. Based on the different types of signals they receive and respond to, sensors are classified into microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), optical, mechanical, electrochemical, semiconductor, and biosensing types. In the present article static and dynamic characteristics are discussed for a sensor.

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Nofriandi, Alwi, Yulkifli Yulkifli, Asrizal Asrizal, and Nur Anisa Sati’at. "IoT-based viscometer fabrication using the falling ball method for laboratory applications." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 34, no. 1 (2024): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v34.i1.pp89-97.

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This study outlines the production procedure of internet of things (IoT)- enabled viscometers designed for laboratory use. These viscometers utilize photodiode sensors, lasers, and falling ball techniques. The system is equipped with a temperature sensor that is utilized to quantify the impact of temperature on viscosity. The temperature sensor’s characterization yielded a R-square value of 0.999. The photodiode and laser sensors are utilized to operate a timer within the system, ensuring precise time measurement. The R-square value for the sensor characterization is 0.996. A viscometer equipp

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Vivek, A., K. Shambavi, and Zachariah C. Alex. "A review: metamaterial sensors for material characterization." Sensor Review 39, no. 3 (2019): 417–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sr-06-2018-0152.

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Purpose This paper aims to focus on research work related to metamaterial-based sensors for material characterization that have been developed for past ten years. A decade of research on metamaterial for sensing application has led to the advancement of compact and improved sensors. Design/methodology/approach In this study, relevant research papers on metamaterial sensors for material characterization published in reputed journals during the period 2007-2018 were reviewed, particularly focusing on shape, size and nature of materials characterized. Each sensor with its design and performance p

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Moreno, Javier, Eduard Clotet, Dani Martínez, Marcel Tresanchez, Tomàs Pallejà, and Jordi Palacín. "Experimental Characterization of the Twin-Eye Laser Mouse Sensor." Journal of Sensors 2016 (2016): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/4281397.

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This paper proposes the experimental characterization of a laser mouse sensor used in some optical mouse devices. The sensor characterized is called twin-eye laser mouse sensor and uses the Doppler effect to measure displacement as an alternative to optical flow-based mouse sensors. The experimental characterization showed similar measurement performances to optical flow sensors except in the sensitivity to height changes and when measuring nonlinear displacements, where the twin-eye sensor offered better performance. The measurement principle of this optical sensor can be applied to the devel

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Grima, Adrian, Mario Di Castro, Alessandro Masi, and Nicholas Sammut. "Frequency response characterization of ironless inductive position sensors with long cables." MATEC Web of Conferences 208 (2018): 03007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201820803007.

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The two linear position sensors used to determine the position of the European Organization for Nuclear Research; Large Hadron Collider collimator’s jaws with respect to the beam are the linear variable differential transformer and the ironless inductive position sensor. The latter was designed as an alternative to the former since the linear variable differential transformer exhibits a position error in magnetic environments. The ironless inductive position sensor is an air cored, high-precision linear position sensor, which is by design immune to external DC or slowly varying magnetic fields

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Banothu, Akhil Naik, Vinay Budhraja, Prabha Sundaravadivel, Reginald Fletcher, and Krishna Reddy. "Design and Characterization of Printed Flexible Humidity Sensor." ECS Transactions 113, no. 13 (2024): 27–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/11313.0027ecst.

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The development of humidity sensors is essential for applications in the environmental, agriculture, medical and semiconductor industries. This research focused on using advanced printed board circuit (PCB) printing technology to fabricate a humidity moisture sensor. The fabrication of humidity sensor was done using two different polymers: p-HEMA and polyimide, and the performance was compared. Humidity sensors with p-HEMA showed higher capacitance value and more sensitivity than the humidity sensors with polyimide. The variation in sensitivity was higher between the relative humidity from 60%

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Xu, Hong Yan, Xing Qiao Chen, Ling Zhan Fang, and Bing Qiang Cao. "Preparation and Characterization of Cerium-Doped Tin Oxide Gas Sensors." Advanced Materials Research 306-307 (August 2011): 1450–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.306-307.1450.

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In this paper, the precursors were synthesized by microwave hydrothermal method using SnCl4•5H2O and Ce(NO3)3·6H2O as raw material, CO(NH2)2 as precipitants, respectively. Pure SnO2 nanoparticles and cerium-doped SnO2 nanoparticles were obtained. Furthermore, five kinds of SnO2 thick film gas sensors were fabricated from the above SnO2 nanoparticles (the sensors denoted as sensor SC0, SC2, SC3, SC4 and SC6, respectively). The experiment results showed that, compared with pure SnO2 thick film gas sensor, the intrinsic resistance of cerium-doped SnO2 thick film gas sensors decreased, and their s

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Nouri, Hanen, Dhivakar Rajendran, Rajarajan Ramalingame, and Olfa Kanoun. "Homogeneity Characterization of Textile-Integrated Wearable Sensors based on Impedance Spectroscopy." Sensors 22, no. 17 (2022): 6530. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22176530.

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One of the main challenges during the integration of a carbon/polymer-based nanocomposite sensor on textile substrates is the fabrication of a homogeneous surface of the nanocomposite-based thin films, which play a major role in the reproducibility of the sensor. Characterizations are therefore required in every fabrication step to control the quality of the material preparation, deposition, and curing. As a result, microcharacterization methods are more suitable for laboratory investigations, and electrical methods can be easily implemented for in situ characterization within the manufacturin

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Wahyuni, Riska Sri, Robert V. M., and Arifin Arifin. "Fabrikasi dan Karakterisasi Sensor Elektrokimia untuk Mendeteksi Kadmium Berbasis Teknologi Film Tebal." IJEIS (Indonesian Journal of Electronics and Instrumentation Systems) 10, no. 2 (2020): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijeis.53468.

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Electrochemical sensor has been fabrication and characterization electrode to detect heavy metals of cadmium with thick film technology. Fabrication electrodes electrochemical sensors start with the design stage of electrodes, screen maker, screen printing, and substrate cutting. The fabrication process produces a ten-pieces of sensors to be used to sensors characterization of SEM, XRD, and Cyclic Voltammetry (CV). The process of characterization produces morphology and the structure of the composites N/IL/G, and linieritas 0,9623, precision ranges between 4,11 and 10,35%, sensitivity of 0,041

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Fischer, Roland, Heinrich Ditler, Michael Görtz, and Wilfried Mokwa. "Fabrication and Characterization of Bending- Independent Capacitive CMOS Pressure Sensor Stacks." Current Directions in Biomedical Engineering 4, no. 1 (2018): 595–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cdbme-2018-0143.

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AbstractArtificial limbs, equipped with miniaturized tactile sensors, can handle objects with more dexterousness. Next to detecting forces, the sensor devices are also able to measure temperature. With this additional information, the touched objects can be better characterized. As such sensors, active CMOS-based capacitive pressure sensors are used in this work. The Sensors are thinned to 20-30 μm target thickness to make them bendable. One challenge of such thin sensors is the strong dependence of the output signal upon bending. To compensate this dependency, two sensors were mounted back to

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Whitworth, Avon, Amy Droitcour, Chenyan Song, Olga Boric-Lubecke, and Victor Lubecke. "Characterization Technique for a Doppler Radar Occupancy Sensor." Electronics 12, no. 24 (2023): 4888. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics12244888.

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Occupancy sensors are electronic devices used to detect the presence of people in monitored areas, and the output of these sensors can be used to optimize lighting control, heating and ventilation control, and real-estate utilization. Testing methods already exist for certain types of occupancy sensors (e.g., passive infrared) to evaluate their relative performance, allowing manufacturers to report coverage patterns for different types of motion. However, the existing published techniques are mostly tailored for passive-infrared sensors and therefore limited to evaluation of large motions, suc

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Jiao, Tong, Chuhong Pu, Wenjing Xing, et al. "Characterization of Engineering-Suitable Optical Fiber Sensors Packaged with Glass Fiber-Reinforced Polymers." Symmetry 14, no. 5 (2022): 973. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym14050973.

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Glass fiber-reinforced polymer- (GFRP-) packaged optical fiber (OF) sensors are considered a promising engineering-suitable sensor for structural health monitoring. To date, some critical characteristics of the GFRP-packaged OF (GFRP-OF) sensors have not yet been thoroughly studied. This study aimed to systematically characterize the properties of the GFRP-OF sensors. Firstly, we proposed a dimension optimization method for GFRP-OF sensors by strain transfer theory, which is based on a symmetrical three-layered cylindrical model. Then, we experimentally investigated the properties of the GFRP-

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18

Banothu, Akhil Naik, Vinay Budhraja, Prabha Sundaravadivel, Reginald Fletcher, and Krishna Reddy. "Design and Characterization of Printed Flexible Humidity Sensor." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2024-01, no. 50 (2024): 2714. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2024-01502714mtgabs.

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The development of humidity sensors is essential for applications in the environmental, agriculture, medical and semiconductor industries [1-2]. The basic mechanism of humidity sensors is explained by a Grotthuss chain reaction, which is usually simplified as a proton-hopping process [3]. This refers to a dynamic charge transfer process at a certain relative humidity (RH). The humidity sensors can be of different types such as capacitive type, resistive, colorimetric and surface acoustic wave [4-7]. Capacitive type sensors are linear, require less complex circuitry and can operate for a wide r

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Valdés-Ramírez, Gabriela, Francisco Hernández-Ramírez, and Laura Galicia. "Contribution to the Electrochemical Sensors and Biosensors field by the Electrochemical and Analytical Chemistry research areas at UAM-I." Journal of the Mexican Chemical Society 69, no. 1 (2025): 156–72. https://doi.org/10.29356/jmcs.v69i1.2300.

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An overview of the electrochemical sensors and biosensors developed at Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Unidad Iztapalapa, is summarized by describing the principal contributions in the field performed by the Electrochemistry and Analytical Chemistry research areas of the Chemistry Department. Here, we divided the contributions into four main groups: fabrication and characterization of surfaces, electrochemical sensors and biosensors with environmental applications, electrochemical sensors and biosensors with applications in the food industry, and electrochemical sensors and biosensors with

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20

Schwenck, Adrian, Thomas Guenther, and André Zimmermann. "Characterization and Benchmark of a Novel Capacitive and Fluidic Inclination Sensor." Sensors 21, no. 23 (2021): 8030. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21238030.

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In this paper, a fluidic capacitive inclination sensor is presented and compared to three types of silicon-based microelectromechanical system (MEMS) accelerometers. MEMS accelerometers are commonly used for tilt measurement. They can only be manufactured by large companies with clean-room technology due to the high requirements during assembly. In contrast, the fluidic sensor can be produced by small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) as well, since only surface mount technologies (SMT) are required. Three different variants of the fluidic sensor were investigated. Two variants using stacke

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Yan, Yun Ju, Huan Guo Chen, and Jie Sheng Jiang. "Optimal Placement of Sensors for Damage Characterization Using Genetic Algorithms." Key Engineering Materials 334-335 (March 2007): 1033–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.334-335.1033.

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Sensor data are the basis for health assessment of complex structural systems. Careful selection and logical layout of sensors is critical to enable the high reliability of system health assessment. This paper presents a methodology how to use a minimum number of sensors, and what locations of them should be placed, so that the voltage signals received from the sensor can be used to detect both presence and extent of damage. In this study, an optimization procedure is developed using Genetic Algorithm (GA) to determine the location of piezoelectric sensor for damage detection in a composite wi

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Wu, Lei, Muneesh Maheshwari, Yaowen Yang, and Wensheng Xiao. "Selection and Characterization of Packaged FBG Sensors for Offshore Applications." Sensors 18, no. 11 (2018): 3963. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18113963.

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With the development in the exploitation of maritime resources, the structural health monitoring (SHM) of offshore structures becomes necessary. This study focuses on addressing the practical issues of application of fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors for the SHM of offshore structures, in particular an FPSO (floating, production, storage, and offloading unit) vessel. Due to the harsh marine environment and tough working conditions, the FBG sensors must have sufficient protection and good repeatability for long-term monitoring. Thorough research has been conducted to identify the most suitable,

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Dou, Chuan Guo, Yan Hong Wu, Heng Yang, and Xin Xin Li. "Design, Fabrication and Characterization of a 5x5 Array of Piezoresistive Stress and Temperature Sensors." Key Engineering Materials 503 (February 2012): 43–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.503.43.

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This paper reports on the development and characterization of piezoresistive stress and temperature sensors fabricated on silicon-on-insulator (SOI) wafer. The sensor chip consists of a 5x5 array elements enabling the simultaneous measurement of the absolute temperature as well as in-plane stress components in a temperature compensated manner. Each cell comprises a p-type piezoresistor rosette paralleling to the [110] crystal direction of silicon, an n-type piezoresistor rosette along the [100] crystal direction and a temperature sensor. Design, fabrication and characterization of piezoresisti

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Liu, Shanliangzi, Xiaoda Sun, Owen J. Hildreth, and Konrad Rykaczewski. "Design and characterization of a single channel two-liquid capacitor and its application to hyperelastic strain sensing." Lab on a Chip 15, no. 5 (2015): 1376–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4lc01341g.

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We show that single channel capacitive strain sensor consisting of a high dielectric constant liquid sandwiched in-between two liquid metal electrodes can have 25 times higher capacitance per sensor's base area when compared to current two-channel liquid metal stain sensors.

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Lai, Zhengchuang, Zhongjie Ouyang, Shuncong Zhong, et al. "Dynamic Characterization of Optical Coherence-Based Displacement-Type Weight Sensor." Sensors 23, no. 21 (2023): 8911. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23218911.

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Dynamic characteristics play a crucial role in evaluating the performance of weight sensors and are essential for achieving fast and accurate weight measurements. This study focuses on a weight sensor based on optical coherence displacement. Using finite element analysis, the sensor was numerically simulated. Frequency domain and time domain dynamic response characteristics were explored through harmonic response analysis and transient dynamic analysis. The superior dynamic performance and reduced conditioning time of the non-contact optical coherence-based displacement weight sensor were conf

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Murray-Bergquist, Louisa, Felix Bernauer, and Heiner Igel. "Characterization of Six-Degree-of-Freedom Sensors for Building Health Monitoring." Sensors 21, no. 11 (2021): 3732. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21113732.

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Six-degree-of-freedom (6DoF) sensors measure translation along three axes and rotation around three axes. These collocated measurements make it possible to fully describe building motion without the need for an external reference point. This is an advantage for building health monitoring, which uses interstory drift and building eigenfrequencies to monitor stability. In this paper, IMU50 6DoF sensors are characterized to determine their suitability for building health monitoring. The sensors are calibrated using step table methods and by comparison with earth’s rotation and gravity. These meth

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Roslan, Harry Sucitra, Maizatul Alice Meor Said, Zahriladha Zakaria, and Mohamad Harris Misran. "Recent development of planar microwave sensor for material characterization of solid, liquid, and powder: a review." Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 11, no. 4 (2022): 1911–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/eei.v11i4.4120.

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Microwave is the most popular sensor in industrial applications for detecting material characterization. Over the past decade, microwave sensor is high demand, especially in medical for detecting cancer in the human body, agriculture for detecting moisture of soil, and freshness in the food industry. The previous study has shown that the high demands of the microwave sensor in industrial applications make researchers always think of new ideas to design microwave sensors to improves accuracy and sensitivity. This paper reviews an investigation of material characterization of recent developments

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Hagemeier, Sebastian, Markus Schake, and Peter Lehmann. "Sensor characterization by comparative measurements using a multi-sensor measuring system." Journal of Sensors and Sensor Systems 8, no. 1 (2019): 111–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/jsss-8-111-2019.

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Abstract. Typical 3-D topography sensors for the measurement of surface structures in the micro- and nanometre range are atomic force microscopes (AFMs), tactile stylus instruments, confocal microscopes and white-light interferometers. Each sensor shows its own transfer behaviour. In order to investigate transfer characteristics as well as systematic measurement effects, a multi-sensor measuring system is presented. With this measurement system comparative measurements using five different topography sensors are performed under identical conditions in a single set-up. In addition to the concep

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Maria Eduarda Benfica Gonçalves, Rafael Andrade Vieira, Ciro Matheus de Lima Costa, Rafael Andrade Vieira, Jessica Guerreiro Santos Ramalho, and Valéria Loureiro da Silva. "Optical Fibers Characterization for Macrobending Sensors." JOURNAL OF BIOENGINEERING, TECHNOLOGIES AND HEALTH 7, no. 1 (2024): 51–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.34178/jbth.v7i1.366.

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The article delves into characterizing macrobending losses in optical fiber coils for use in diverse sensors. It examines Single-Mode Fiber (SMF) and Multimode Fiber (MMF) with step and graded index profiles incorporated into sensor coils of varying diameters and numbers of turns. The experimental configuration involves compressing the coils to monitor optical power loss caused by attenuation. The findings reveal that SMFs experience more significant macrobending losses than MMFs, while the graded index fiber exhibits notable resistance to bending. These results offer valuable guidance for fib

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Ayaz, Shehzad, Khurram Khattak, Zawar Khan, Nasru Minallah, Mushtaq Khan, and Akhtar Khan. "Sensing technologies for traffic flow characterization: From heterogeneous traffic perspective." Journal of Applied Engineering Science 20, no. 1 (2022): 29–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/jaes0-32627.

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Importance of detailed traffic flow characterization is immense for achieving an intelligent transportation system. As such, great efforts in existing literature have gone into proposing different solutions for traffic flow characterization. Among these, first generation intrusive sensors such as pneumatic tube, inductive loop, piezoelectric and magnetic sensors were both labor intensive and expensive to install and maintain. These sensors were able to provide only vehicle count and classification under homogeneous traffic conditions. Second generation non-intrusive sensors based solutions, th

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Bhatti, Muhammad Hamza, Muhammad Abdul Jabbar, Muhammad Atif Khan, and Yehia Massoud. "Low-Cost Microwave Sensor for Characterization and Adulteration Detection in Edible Oil." Applied Sciences 12, no. 17 (2022): 8665. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12178665.

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A low-cost microwave sensor was designed for oil adulteration detection and characterization of pure edible oil using dielectric spectroscopy. The sensor’s final design was fabricated on a low cost 1.6 mm thick FR-4 substrate with a combination of a complementary split ring resonator and a transmission line. The sensor’s dimensions were 35 × 30 × 1.6 mm3 with a substrate dielectric constant of 4.3. A 5.25 GHz resonance frequency was selected as a reference for characterization and adulteration detection in pure edible oil. Initially, pure olive, caster, flaxseed, and mustard oil were character

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Ghimpu, Lidia. "Metal oxide gas sensors: development and characterization." Moldavian Journal of the Physical Sciences 3-4(17) (December 15, 2018): 185–201. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4019725.

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In this review, a number of oxide materials deposited on optical fibers have been studied to determine the most optimum materials for the production of optical sensors intended for the detection of petroleum gases, namely, butane, ammonia, and ethanol. The sensory properties of oxides materials, such as ZnO, TiO2, and SnO2, with different thicknesses have been described. First, the magnetron sputtering of zinc oxide and titanium dioxide have been described; second, the results of a study of the morphology and sensing characteristics of the optical fiber sensors have been discussed. The fabrica

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Wang, Ying, Yu Xiao, Xiaofeng Zhao, and Dianzhong Wen. "Fabrication and Characterization of Monolithic Integrated Three-Axis Acceleration/Pressure/Magnetic Field Sensors." Micromachines 15, no. 3 (2024): 412. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi15030412.

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In order to realize the measurement of three-axis acceleration, pressure, and magnetic field, monolithic integrated three-axis acceleration/pressure/magnetic field sensors are proposed in this paper. The proposed sensors were constructed with an acceleration sensor consisting of four L-shaped double beams, two masses, middle double-beams, and twelve piezoresistors, a pressure sensor made of a square silicon membrane, and four piezoresistors, as well as a magnetic field sensor composed of five Hall elements. COMSOL software and TCAD-Atlas software were used to simulate characteristics of integr

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Ruales, Mary, and Kinzy Jones. "Characterization of silicate sensors on Low Temperature Cofire Ceramic (LTCC) substrates using DSC and XRD techniques." International Symposium on Microelectronics 2012, no. 1 (2012): 000598–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/isom-2012-wa31.

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Characterization of Silicate sensors using Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC), X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron microscopy (SEM) is presented. These silicate sensors are based on three primary materials: Li2SiO3, K2SiO3, and CaSiO3. Silicate powders were transform into adequate inks that were added to a Low Temperature Cofire Ceramic (LTCC) substrates with thick film technology using screen printing which continues to offer innovative and cost effective solutions to the increasing demands for higher circuit densities. These silicate sensors are low power-high temperature heat

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Iswanto, Iswanto, Ma'arif Alfian Alfian, Bilah Kebenaran, and Prisma Megantoro. "Design of gas concentration measurement and monitoring system for biogas power plant." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 22, no. 2 (2021): 726–32. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v22.i2.pp726-732.

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Biogas is a gas obtained from the breakdown of organic matter (such as animal waste, human waste, and plants) by methanogenic bacteria in an oxygen-free (anaerobic) state. The biogas produced mainly consists of 50- 70% methane, 30-40% carbon dioxide, and other gases in small amounts. The gas produced has a different composition depending on the type of animal that produces it. It is challenging to obtain biogas concentration data because the monitoring equipment is currently minimal. Therefore, this research discusses how to make a monitoring system for biogas reactors. Sensors are installed i

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Deng, Xiao, Shengbo Sang, Pengwei Li, et al. "Preparation, Characterization, and Mechanistic Understanding of Pd-Decorated ZnO Nanowires for Ethanol Sensing." Journal of Nanomaterials 2013 (2013): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/297676.

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ZnO nanowires (ZnO-NWs) and Pd-decorated ZnO nanowires (Pd-ZnO-NWs) were prepared by hydrothermal growth and characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). When used for gas sensing, both types of nanowires showed a good selectivity to ethanol but a higher sensitivity and lower operating temperature were found with Pd-ZnO-NWs sensors comparing to those of ZnO-NWs sensor. When exposed to 200 ppm ethanol, our ZnO-NWs sensor showed a sensitivity of about 2.69 at 425°C whereas 1.3 at. % Pd-ZnO-NWs sensor provided a 57% more detection sensibility at 325°C. In addit

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Albishi, Ali M., Seyed H. Mirjahanmardi, Abdulbaset M. Ali, Vahid Nayyeri, Saud M. Wasly, and Omar M. Ramahi. "Intelligent Sensing Using Multiple Sensors for Material Characterization." Sensors 19, no. 21 (2019): 4766. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19214766.

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This paper presents a concept of an intelligent sensing technique based on modulating the frequency responses of microwave near-field sensors to characterize material parameters. The concept is based on the assumption that the physical parameters being extracted such as fluid concentration are constant over the range of frequency of the sensor. The modulation of the frequency response is based on the interactions between the material under test and multiple sensors. The concept is based on observing the responses of the sensors over a frequency wideband as vectors of many dimensions. The dimen

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Tiboni, Monica, Azzurra Filippini, Cinzia Amici, and David Vetturi. "Test-Bench for the Characterization of Flexion Sensors Used in Biomechanics." Electronics 10, no. 23 (2021): 2994. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10232994.

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The design, prototyping and validation of an innovative test bench for the characterization and the hysteresis measurement of flexion sensors are presented in this paper. The device, especially designed to test sensors employed in the biomedical field, can be effectively used to characterize also sensors intended for other applications, such as wearable devices. Flexion sensors are widely adopted in devices for biomedical purposes and in this context are commonly used in two main ways: to measure movements (i) with fixed radius of curvature and (ii) with variable radius of curvature. The test

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Raskina, Valentina, and Filip Křížek. "Characterization of Highly Irradiated ALPIDE Silicon Sensors." Universe 5, no. 4 (2019): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/universe5040091.

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The ALICE (A Large Ion Collider Experiment) experiment at CERN will upgrade its Inner Tracking System (ITS) detector. The new ITS will consist of seven coaxial cylindrical layers of ALPIDE silicon sensors which are based on Monolithic Active Pixel Sensor (MAPS) technology. We have studied the radiation hardness of ALPIDE sensors using a 30 MeV proton beam provided by the cyclotron U-120M of the Nuclear Physics Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences in Řež. In this paper, these long-term measurements will be described. After being irradiated up to the total ionization dose 2.7 Mrad and non-

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Romano, Chiara, Daniela Lo Presti, Sergio Silvestri, Emiliano Schena, and Carlo Massaroni. "Flexible Textile Sensors-Based Smart T-Shirt for Respiratory Monitoring: Design, Development, and Preliminary Validation." Sensors 24, no. 6 (2024): 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s24062018.

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Respiratory rate (fR) monitoring through wearable devices is crucial in several scenarios, providing insights into well-being and sports performance while minimizing interference with daily activities. Strain sensors embedded into garments stand out but require thorough investigation for optimal deployment. Optimal sensor positioning is often overlooked, and when addressed, the quality of the respiratory signal is neglected. Additionally, sensor metrological characterization after sensor integration is often omitted. In this study, we present the design, development, and feasibility assessment

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Xu, Chen-Yan, Kang-Ping Ning, Zheng Wang, Yao Yao, Qin Xu, and Xiao-Ya Hu. "Flexible Electrochemical Platform Coupled with In Situ Prepared Synthetic Receptors for Sensitive Detection of Bisphenol A." Biosensors 12, no. 12 (2022): 1076. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios12121076.

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A flexible electrochemical sensor based on the carbon felt (CF) functionalized with Bisphenol A (BPA) synthetic receptors was developed. The artificial Bisphenol A receptors were grafted on the CF by a simple thermal polymerization molecular imprinting process. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electrochemical characterizations were used to analyze the receptors. Characterization results demonstrated that the Bisphenol A synthetic receptors successfully formed on the CFs surface. Because the synthetic receptor and the porous CFs were success

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Hong, Jing Chao, and Gu Qin. "Preparation, Characterization and Applications of Enzyme-Free Glucose Sensors." Key Engineering Materials 730 (February 2017): 172–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.730.172.

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With the continuous development of science and technology, the function of the electrochemical biosensor is becoming more and more diversified. The fourth generation of enzyme-free glucose sensor because of its particular advantages has become one of research focuses in glucose sensor now. For all sorts of optimization also are not enzyme glucose as the new material was born has made great progress. Enzyme-free glucose sensors are becoming more and more an integral part of electrochemical research. This article summarizes the characteristics of all kinds of conventional materials of enzyme-fre

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Jofrehei, A., M. Backhaus, P. Baertschi, et al. "Characterization of irradiated RD53A pixel modules with passive CMOS sensors." Journal of Instrumentation 17, no. 09 (2022): C09004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/17/09/c09004.

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Abstract We are investigating the feasibility of using CMOS foundries to fabricate silicon detectors, both for pixels and for large-area strip sensors. The availability of multi-layer routing will provide the freedom to optimize the sensor geometry and the performance, with biasing structures in poly-silicon layers and MIM-capacitors allowing for AC coupling. A prototyping production of strip test-structures and RD53A compatible pixel sensors was recently completed at LFoundry in a 150 nm CMOS process. This paper will focus on the characterization of irradiated and non-irradiated pixel modules

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Meyne, Nora, and Arne F. Jacob. "Sectorial substrate-integrated half-mode near-field sensors for biological liquid characterization." International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 6, no. 3-4 (2014): 305–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1759078714000385.

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Two compact resonant near-field sensors are introduced for the characterization of aqueous solutions at 5 GHz. They are based on folded substrate-integrate circular half-mode resonators with a planar sensing tip. Owing to the planar design, the sensor is simple and cheap to manufacture, and a sample can be easily coupled to the resonator from the top. The operating principle of the sensor is explained and verified by both simulation and measurement. The radiation of the sensors is quantified by means of a quality factor analysis. Finally, a previously introduced calibration method based on the

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Dejneka, Zach, Daniel Homa, Logan Theis, Anbo Wang, and Gary Pickrell. "Acoustic Sensing Fiber Coupled with Highly Magnetostrictive Ribbon for Small-Scale Magnetic-Field Detection." Sensors 25, no. 3 (2025): 841. https://doi.org/10.3390/s25030841.

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Fiber-optic sensing has shown promising development for use in detecting magnetic fields for downhole and biomedical applications. Coupling existing fiber-based strain sensors with highly magnetostrictive materials allows for a new method of magnetic characterization capable of distributed and high-sensitivity field measurements. This study investigates the strain response of the highly magnetostrictive alloys Metglas® 2605SC and Vitrovac® 7600 T70 using Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) acoustic sensors and an applied AC magnetic field. Sentek Instrument’s picoDAS interrogated the distributed FBG sen

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Martínez-Estrada, Marc, Ignacio Gil, and Raúl Fernández-García. "Aging Effects on a Driver Position Sensor Integrated into a Woven Fabric." Sensors 25, no. 12 (2025): 3797. https://doi.org/10.3390/s25123797.

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A textile woven presence sensor was previously presented to demonstrate its functionality in eliminating some false positives on car seat presence sensors. After studying the functionality, the next characteristic that the textile sensor should demonstrate is its reliability. The woven sensor was prepared to be tested against ageing. The ageing cycle was prepared according to the UNE-EN ISO 17228:2015 standard. Nine woven sensors are prepared, seven of them face the aging test, and two are selected as reference sensors. The characterization of the woven sensor has been carried out through a mi

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Viebrock, Kevin, Dominik Rabl, Sven Meinen, et al. "Microsensor in Microbioreactors: Full Bioprocess Characterization in a Novel Capillary-Wave Microbioreactor." Biosensors 12, no. 7 (2022): 512. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios12070512.

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Microbioreactors (MBRs) with a volume below 1 mL are promising alternatives to established cultivation platforms such as shake flasks, lab-scale bioreactors and microtiter plates. Their main advantages are simple automatization and parallelization and the saving of expensive media components and test substances. These advantages are particularly pronounced in small-scale MBRs with a volume below 10 µL. However, most described small-scale MBRs are lacking in process information from integrated sensors due to limited space and sensor technology. Therefore, a novel capillary-wave microbioreactor

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Lahlalia, Ayoub, Olivier Le Neel, Ravi Shankar, Siegfried Selberherr, and Lado Filipovic. "Enhanced Sensing Performance of Integrated Gas Sensor Devices." Proceedings 2, no. 13 (2018): 1508. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2131508.

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Semiconducting metal oxide (SMO) gas sensors, dedicated to wearable devices were designed, fabricated, and characterized in terms of power consumption, thermal distribution, and sensing capability. The sensors demonstrate a sensitivity down to ppb-level VOC concentrations at a low power consumption of 10.5 mW. To further enhance the baseline stability and sensing response characteristics at low power consumption, a new sensor structure is proposed. The design implements novel aspects in terms of fabrication and microheater geometry, leading to improved sensor performance which enables new appl

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Mulargia, R., R. Arcidiacono, G. Borghi, et al. "Characterization of thin carbonated LGADs after irradiation up to 2.5· 10¹⁵ n_{1 Mev eq.}/cm²." Journal of Instrumentation 19, no. 04 (2024): C04022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/19/04/c04022.

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Abstract EXFLU1 is a new batch of radiation-resistant silicon sensors manufactured at Fondazione Bruno Kessler (FBK, Italy). The EXFLU1 sensors utilize thin substrates that remain operable even after extensive irradiation. They incorporate Low-Gain Avalanche Diode (LGAD) technology, enabling internal multiplication of charge carriers to boost the small signal produced by a particle crossing their thin active thicknesses, ranging from 15 to 45 μ m. To address current challenges related to acceptor removal, the EXFLU1 production incorporates improved defect engineering techniques. This includes

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Tseng, Tseung Yuen. "ZnO Nanostructures for Sensor Applications." Solid State Phenomena 185 (February 2012): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.185.1.

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The wide-gap semiconductor ZnO with nanostructures such as nanoparticles, nanorods, nanowires has high potential for a variety of sensor applications. This paper reviews the recent developments of ZnO one dimentional nanostructures for future gas sensor applications. Presented first is the factors contributing to the high performances of gas sensors using such nanostructures. Then various fabrication methods of the ZnO nanostructures including vapor phase growth, solution growth, and template-assisted growth are introduced. The characterization and properties of the ZnO nanostructures-based ga

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