Dissertations / Theses: 'Charge definition'

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BUI, BACH NGA. "Definition d'un outil de modelisation experte. Caracterisation de la charge et modeles analytiques." Paris 6, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA066078.

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Nous presentons dans ce document un outil logiciel d'evaluation de performances et de dimensionnement assiste. L'obtention des resultats quantitatifs passe par une phase de construction de modele. L'outil de modelisation choisi s'appuie sur la theorie des files d'attente. La resolution du modele peut etre faite de maniere exacte, approchee ou par simulation. Notre outil a pour vocation d'etre accessible au plus grand nombre d'utilisateurs, dont des novices. Pour ce faire, nous avons choisi de l'articuler autour d'un systeme expert qui reproduit le raisonnement des experts en traduisant leurs connaissances sour forme de regles. Dans le cadre du projet, nous nous sommes particulierement interesses a l'identification de la charge executee sur le systeme. La caracterisation de la charge nous permet essentiellement d'estimer de maniere correcte les parametres d'entree du modele de files d'attente fourni par notre outil. Notre outil integre egalement tout un ensemble de procedures de calcul dont des algorithmes de resolution de modeles. Dans le contexte de cet ensemble d'outils de calculs, nous presentons dans le present document, une analyse approchee d'un modele de files d'attente ouvert multiclasse a capacite partagee. Ce modele permet de representer des mecanismes courants dans les systemes informatiques ou les reseaux de communication (partage de domaine de memoire, controles de flux. . . ). La methode s'appuie sur la solution approchee sous forme produit generalisee donnee dans l'algorithme de marie

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Malisch, Sherrie Lee. "Kids take charge : reflections on an emergent motif in school stories for young adults." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/9895.

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Abstract : In this thesis, I explore the kids-take-charge (KTC) motif within recent school stories produced for young adult audiences, situated in terms of a genealogy of school stories. The corpus of school stories includes English- and French-language works produced as fiction, film, or life-writing, both for teens and adults in Canada, the US, and the UK. This thesis identifies the historical and ideological shifts that may have given rise to the motif. School stories lend themselves to the identification of some of the distinct models of selfhood and ‘coming into one’s own’ that have figured prominently in works about and for adolescents in various sociocultural contexts. The research question that is asked is: Why is this type of story emerging now, and what social purposes might it serve? The question is inspired by the possible impact of power relations on youth in society, discussed in Disturbing the Universe: Power and Repression in Adolescent Literature by Roberta Trites, who suggests that power is everywhere in young adult literature because power is the key category of the adolescent experience. The thesis also draws on the work of theorists such as Louis Althusser, Michel Foucault, Beverly Lyon Clark, Henry Giroux, George Herbert Mead and Charles Horton Cooley, among others. The corpus includes the following works: The Lightning Thief, part of the Percy Jackson series by American author Rick Riordan; Schooled, by Canadian-born author Gordon Korman; the Harry Potter series by JK Rowling; High School Musical, a film that appeared in movie theatres and was shown on the Disney Channel; Harriet’s Daughter by M. NourbeSe Philip; and variations on the classic residential and early school stories as they travelled to the New World, such as Louisa May Alcott's Jo's Boys; Thomas Hughes' Tom Brown School Days, LM Montgomery's Anne of Green Gables, and Ralph Connor's Glengarry School Days, among other works. iv Chapter One establishes the contours of the KTC motif via a variety of contemporary fictional works for young adults through contrasting the stories of change-making by young adults in these works with patterns found both in classic British school stories of the 19th century and in early Canadian and American variations on the theme. The chapter explores what it means for young people to achieve an adult sense of self, and what resources they are expected to engage in the process. The chapter also examines the kinds of models of youth selfhood and emerging adulthood that can be linked to the KTC motif. In Chapter Two, I argue that a qualitatively new motif concerning power and agency has emerged within a number of school stories produced over the past two decades. As I identify it, the KTC motif is characterized by three defining features, whether it appears in works of fantasy or realism. First, the central protagonist must confront a problem or crisis of systemic importance; how this challenge is resolved will affect an entire school, community, or even—in works of fantasy—the fate of entire worlds. Second, stories that feature the KTC motif generally de-emphasize the importance of adult mentors in preparing young people for, and guiding them through, these challenges. Third, the KTC motif enshrines a particular notion of the ‘authentic self’ as the source of personal power and agency: victory is assured only insofar as the central protagonist becomes and remains ‘true’ to himself or herself. Finally, I ask what the vision of power and agency implicit in the KTC motif could mean for young people as they move toward becoming adult actors in a complex and globalizing world. In Chapter Three, I examine questions that enable me to access the model of social change, comparing these accounts to a narrative of social change in the broader world. I also assess how adolescents are liable to view and interpret their own experiences through a global v lens as prodigious consumers of narratives produced in a global culture. This chapter assesses the extent to which social forms of difference and inequality, such as gender, race, and class, are integrated into presentation of the problem and strategy/solution within the KTC motif, and how social changes are encouraged by young protagonists. In the KTC motif, I find that self-actualization brings power—and power from within trumps power from without, at least within cultures based on Western individualism. Exceptions are discussed through the examples of narratives based on Caribbean-Canadian identities (Norbese-Philip) and on indigenous identities. Contemporary school stories that follow the KTC motif continue to have a moralizing or didactic bent, in keeping with a trend in YA literature that underlines the agency of youth protagonists over that of adults. Where the classic school story ultimately affirms the existing order, the KTC motif suggests that the existing power order is corrupt. I suggest that the KTC motif may in part reflect the needs of a post-industrial, knowledge-based economy, in which people are flexible, self-motivated, and willing to believe that whether they succeed or fail depends not on the soundness of institutions, but on the strength of their own unique talents and even their personal 'authenticity.' Résumé : Dans cette thèse, j’explore le modèle de l’enfant qui prend charge "kids-take-charge (KTC)", à travers des récits produits pour des audiences de jeunes adultes, en termes de généalogie de récits scolaires. Le corpus des récits scolaires inclut des travaux en anglais et en français produits comme science-fiction, film ou faits vécus, pour les adolescents et les adultes du Canada, des États-Unis et le Royaume-Uni. Cette thèse identifie les changements historiques et idéologiques qui ont pu causer la naissance de ce modèle. Les récits scolaires ont mené à l’identification de certains modèles distincts d’individualité et "coming into one’s own" qui ont figurés principalement dans les travaux sur et pour les adolescents dans des contextes socioculturels variés. La questionrecherche qui est posée est : pourquoi ce genre d’histoire émerge maintenant, et quel but social peut-il servir ? La question est inspirée par l’impact possible du pouvoir des relations sur la jeunesse dans la société, examiné dans Disturbing the Universe : Power and Repression in Adolescent Literature par Roberta Trites, qui suggère que le pouvoir est partout et la littérature de jeunes adultes parce que le pouvoir est la catégorie clé de l’expérience des adolescents. Cette thèse nous amène aussi au travail des théoriciens comme Louis Althusser, Michel Foucault, Beverly Lyon Clark, Henry Giroux, George Herbert Mead et Charles Horton Cooley parmi tant d’autres. Le corpus inclut les travaux suivants : The Lightning Thief, partie de la série Percy Jackson des auteurs américains Rick Riordan; Schooled, de l’auteur canadien Gordon Korman; la série des Harry Potter de JK Rowling; High School Musical, un film qui est apparu sur les écrans de cinéma et qui a été diffusé sur la chaine Disney ; Harriet’s Daughter de M. NourbeSe Philip; et variations des classiques sur les pensionnats et récits scolaires qui ont voyagé dans le temps, comme Louisa May Alcott's Jo's Boys; Thomas Hughes' Tom Brown School Days, LM Montgomery's Anne of vii Green Gables, and Ralph Connor's Glengarry School Days, pour ne nommer que ceux-là. Le chapitre 1 établit les contours du motif "KTC” à travers une variété d’œuvres de fiction contemporaines pour jeunes adultes en contrastant les histoires des changements faits par les jeunes adultes dans ces travaux avec des modèles trouvés dans les classiques récits scolaires britanniques du 19e siècle et dans les premières variations canadiennes et américaines sur le sujet. Le chapitre examine également les types de modèles d’individualité des adolescents et jeunes adultes qui peuvent être liés au motif “KTC”. Au chapitre 2, je soutiens qu’un relativement nouveau concept concernant le pouvoir et l’agence est apparu dans un certain nombre de récits scolaires produits dans les deux dernières décennies. Comme je conceptualise le motive KTC, 3 fonctions bien définies que ce soit dans les ouvres de fantaisie ou le réalisme. Premièrement, le personnage central doit confronter un problème ou une crise d’importance systémique ; comment ce défi est résolu affectera une école entière, une communauté ou même – dans les œuvres de fantaisie – le destin du monde entier. Deuxièmement, les récits qui représentent le concept KTC insistent généralement moins de l’importance de mentors adultes dans la préparation et la supervision des jeunes à affronter ces défis. Troisièmement, le concept KTC conserve la notion particulière du "soi authentique" comme source du pouvoir personnel et agentivité : la victoire est assurée seulement dans la mesure où le protagoniste central devient et demeure "vrai" pour lui et elle-même. Finalement, je demande qu’est-ce que la vision du pouvoir et de l’agentivité du concept du KTC implique pour les jeunes lorsqu’ils deviennent des acteurs adultes dans un monde complexe et globalisé. Au chapitre 3, j’examine les questions qui me permettent d’accéder au modèle du changement social en comparant les explications du changement social dans un monde plus large. J’évalue aussi comment les adolescents sont susceptibles de voir et d’interpréter leur propre expérience à viii travers une lentille globale comme consommateurs prodigieux de récits produits dans une culture mondiale. Ce chapitre évalue la mesure dans laquelle les différentes formes sociales et l’inégalité, comme le sexe, la race et la classe sociale sont intégrés dans la présentation du problème et la stratégie/solution dans le motif KTC et comment les changements sociaux sont encouragés par les jeunes protagonistes. Dans le motif KTC, je constate que le développement personnel apporte le pouvoir – et le pouvoir de l’intérieur est un atout du pouvoir de l’extérieur, au moins dans les cultures basées sur l’individualisme occidental. Les exceptions sont traitées dans les exemples de récits basés sur les identités Cara𝑖𝑖𝑖bes-canadiennes (Norbèse-Philip) et sur les identités indigènes. Les récits scolaires contemporains qui suivent le motif KTC continuent d’avoir un penchant moralisateur ou didactique, conformément à une tendance dans la littérature jeunesse qui souligne l’agentivité des jeunes protagonistes sur celui des adultes. Où l’histoire scolaire classique affirme en fin de compte l’ordre établi, le motif KTC suggère que le pouvoir établi est corrompu. Je suggère que le motif KTC peut en partie refléter les besoins d’une économie post-industrielle basée sur la connaissance dans laquelle les gens sont flexibles, motivés et décidés à croire que s’ils réussissent ou non de dépend pas de la force des institutions, mais de leur force de caractère et même de leur propre "authenticité".

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Morel, Nathalie. "L'ETAT FACE AU SOCIAL: LA (RE)DEFINITION DES FRONTIERES DE L'ETAT-PROVIDENCE EN SUEDE. Une analyse des politiques de prise en charge des personnes âgées dépendantes et des jeunes enfants de 1930 à 2005." Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00839973.

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Ce travail analyse le contenu et les transformations du modèle suédois d'Etat-providence à travers l'étude de deux secteurs : les politiques de prise en charge des personnes âgées dépendantes et les politiques de prise en charge des jeunes enfants - soit les politiques de care - de 1930 à 2005. L'objectif a été dans un premier temps d'analyser et d'expliquer la teneur institutionnelle et idéologique spécifique de l'Etat-providence suédois, notamment dans le domaine du care, qui est central au modèle suédois et participe largement de sa spécificité. Pour ce faire, nous avons considéré l'Etat-providence suédois comme un contrat social spécifique entre l'Etat et ses citoyens et regardé comment se sont définies les "frontières" de l'Etat-providence, c'est-à-dire comment se sont peu à peu définis les domaines légitimes et les modalités d'intervention de l'Etat. Le deuxième objectif a été d'analyser les transformations de l'Etat-providence suédois non pas - ou pas seulement - d'un point de vue politico-économique comme cela est généralement le cas dans la plupart des travaux concernant les réformes de l'Etat-providence, mais d'un point de vue plus sociologique, en retraçant les évolutions du rapport entre l'Etat et la société qu'induisent ces transformations. Nous avons alors analysé les réformes successives des deux domaines qui nous intéressent, les logiques qui les ont guidées, les facteurs qui les ont déterminées (notamment idéologiques, économiques et politiques). Nous nous sommes également attachée à saisir l'impact des nouvelles mesures mises en place. C'est à partir de cette analyse des réformes, de leur logique et de leur impact que nous avons pu tester l'hypothèse d'une éventuelle remise en cause de ce contrat social spécifique. Notre analyse des réformes a montré des évolutions contrastées entre les deux domaines : focalisation des ressources sur les plus gros besoins dans le domaine de la prise en charge des personnes âgées et dilution des ressources de façon à couvrir un plus grand nombre d'enfants dans le domaine de la prise en charge des enfants, chacune de ces stratégies ayant posé des problèmes de légitimité spécifiques pour ces politiques. Les résultats de notre travail montrent néanmoins une grande stabilité des principes et des institutions de l'Etat-providence suédois, qui a su susciter auprès de la population suédoise le soutien et les attentes qui participent de la solidité normative mais aussi des capacités d'adaptation du modèle.

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Tabanan, Ingholt Leonnie, and Mirza Rasidovic. "CHANGE MANAGEMENT : Power & Resistance: Definition, Effect & Solutions." Thesis, Växjö University, School of Management and Economics, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:vxu:diva-2293.

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Nature of work: Master Dissertation, 15 hpCourse name and code: Management in Dynamic Organizations, FE 3074Number of pages: 97 pagesTitle: CHANGE MANAGEMENT- A research at IKEA of Sweden (IoS)-Power & Resistance: Definition, Effect & SolutionsAuthors:Leonnie Tabanan Ingholt E-mail: linev04@student.vxu.seMirza Rasidovic E-mail: mraep04@student.vxu.seCourse tutor, coordinator and Examiner:Dr. H. Richard Nakamura, Växjö University, SwedenCo-Examiner: Dr. Mikael Holmgren Caicedo, Växjö University, SwedenDate: June 05, 2008Method:This research is actualized by using the deductive approach. Ourresearch method is quantitative and qualitative where a survey andsix interviews were done to collect the empirical data as well aspersonal research through secondary sources. Thus, the types ofdata used are primary and secondary. Our data sources aredocumentations, archival records and interviews.Empirical data:Our empirical data was gathered in IKEA of Sweden (IoS) whichis one of the companies under the IKEA conglomerate. This officeis located in Älmhult Sweden.Analysis and Conclusion:Organizations of today do operate in a dynamic era wherestrategies should be flexible to the changing times, so with theirimplementers! If IoS should continue to be a part of the successfulactors in this arena, good leadership qualities should be secured.Exertion of position-power should be meticulously applied withgood communication of the change visions as one of the primaryfocus in order to abate if not eliminate possible blockages such asresistance, thus, making use of power to their advantages insteadof the opposite! For other change agents, a careful consideration ofthe surrounding aspects of change management within theircontexts should be done in order to arrive at effective strategiesthat are not only planned but also actualized.

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Kumar, Vijay, of Western Sydney Nepean University, Faculty of Business, and School of Management. "Organisation culture : definition, values, change and participation in two shires." THESIS_FB_MAN_Kumar_V.xml, 2000. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/571.

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Despite the large number of studies of organisation culture, there are still gaps in the current literature, in particular concerning the way in which culture is defined, how values are disseminated and reinforced, and how employees contribute to culture change. This thesis examines these gaps via research carried out in two local councils in New South Wales, namely Wollondilly and Wingecarribee Shire Councils, specifically focusing on their tourism departments. The research reports on the following: how organisation culture is defined and shaped in an organisation; the values of an organisation and how they are disseminated and reinforced on a day-to-day basis; and, the contribution employees make to culture change. Moreover, the thesis will examine the organisational members own definition of culture as a way of examining some of the definitions in the literature. The data for this study comprises interviews, questionnaires, surveys, personal observation and secondary sources. The study demonstrates council staff’s views on culture, and how culture is defined by, and embedded in, an organisation. Through examining the organisation members’ own views of culture, values and their participation, the thesis aims to contribute to the literature on organisation culture by more closely aligning definitions from the literature with empirical data from case studies of organisations Masters in Commerce (Honours)

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Kumar, Vijay. "Organisation culture : definition, values, change and participation in two shires." Thesis, View thesis, 2000. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/571.

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Despite the large number of studies of organisation culture, there are still gaps in the current literature, in particular concerning the way in which culture is defined, how values are disseminated and reinforced, and how employees contribute to culture change. This thesis examines these gaps via research carried out in two local councils in New South Wales, namely Wollondilly and Wingecarribee Shire Councils, specifically focusing on their tourism departments. The research reports on the following: how organisation culture is defined and shaped in an organisation; the values of an organisation and how they are disseminated and reinforced on a day-to-day basis; and, the contribution employees make to culture change. Moreover, the thesis will examine the organisational members own definition of culture as a way of examining some of the definitions in the literature. The data for this study comprises interviews, questionnaires, surveys, personal observation and secondary sources. The study demonstrates council staff’s views on culture, and how culture is defined by, and embedded in, an organisation. Through examining the organisation members’ own views of culture, values and their participation, the thesis aims to contribute to the literature on organisation culture by more closely aligning definitions from the literature with empirical data from case studies of organisations

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Kumar, Vijay. "Organisation culture : definition, values, change and participation in two shires /." View thesis, 2000. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20031121.113358/index.html.

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Thesis (M. Comm.) (Hons.) -- University of Western Sydney, Macarthur, 2000. A thesis presented to the University of Western Sydney, Macarthur, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Masters in Commerce (Honours), December, 2000. Bibliography : leaves 154-160.

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Odada, Lameck Onyango. "The impact of change in the definition of bank capital according to Basel 3." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/20267.

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The objective of this study is to analyse the impact of the change in the definition of bank capital according to Basel 3. The 2008 financial crisis exposed the flaws in the global regulatory and supervision framework and also showed that Basel 2 could not fully protect against bank failures. In order to address the gaps, loopholes and deficiencies of Basel 2 and to guard against any future crises, the Basel 3 accord was implemented in 2013. The key change introduced by Basel 3 is the requirement that banks hold more capital. However, the Basel 3 accord also changed the definition of bank capital and the definition of risk-weighted assets (RWAs). In comparing Basel 2 with Basel 3, several changes in the definition of capital appear. It is therefore important to analyse the impact of the capital definition change introduced in Basel 3 excluding the changes in the definition of RWAs. The study used a sample of the fifty largest commercial and investment banks by asset size from the USA and the Europe region. The study calculated the Basel 2 Tier 1 capital ratio and Basel 3 Tier 1 capital ratio at the same point in time by only changing the reported capital under Basel 2 and Basel 3 but keeping the RWAs the same at Basel 2 level. This is to isolate the capital definition change and exclude changes to the RWAs definition. The change in the regulatory Tier 1 capital ratio is the estimated impact of the change in the definition of bank capital according to Basel 3. The data sample shows that the banks in the Europe region are larger in size than the USA banks on average. The results show that the change in the Basel 3 capital definition had a positive impact on the European banks' capital ratios and in contrast there was a negative impact on the USA banks' capital ratios. The limitations of the study include the use of a small sample size of fifty banks, the omission of Asian banks from the sample size even though these include some of the largest banks in the world, and the selection of banks with December year ends only. This study contributes to the literature because it is the first study to examine the capital definition change in Basel 3.

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Bansard, Elsa. "Les Soins de Support, quel positionnement pour quelle définition ? : Recherche pour la construction d'un positionnement des Soins de Support." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCC167/document.

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Les Soins de Support sont apparus en France dans les années 90. Héritiers du mouvement des Soins Palliatifs et de la médecine des maladies chroniques, ils occupent une place singulière dans les services de cancérologie. La définition des Soins de Support n’est pourtant pas harmonisée au sein des études, des pratiques et des discours. L’enjeu de ce travail est de poser ce constat, d’en analyser les causes puis de proposer des perspectives menant à un positionnement commun dans le paysage médical contemporain.Il s’agira ainsi de démontrer qu’une définition des Soins de Support est souhaitable et qu’un socle de convictions propres la permet. Méthodes : Une revue de littérature par mots clés a été menée afin de décrire l’utilisation de la définition de Soins de Support dans les études les concernant. Des axes récurrents ont, ensuite, été dégagés. Les Soins de Support sont définis en tant qu’amélioration de la qualité de vie, prise en charge des effets secondaires, modèle d’organisation des soins ou bien à partir de la durée de prise en charge. Cette revue de littérature donne lieu à une restitution par thématiques. Un travail de terrain, fondé sur l’observation et des entretiens auprès de 32 professionnels, patients, proches et associations a été réalisé au sein de quatre établissements de soin : l’Institut Curie, l’Institut Curie Saint Cloud, l’Hôpital Kremlin Bicêtre, l’hôpital Henri Mondor. Il a permis de tester les axes issus de la revue de littérature et d’en mettre en lumière de nouveaux. Le temps, les projets, le corps et la notion de collectif se sont révélés au cœur des discours des acteurs des Soins de Support.Ce travail est qualitatif et non représentatif. Analyse et discussion : Un premier temps dévoile les références auxquelles se rattachent les Soins de Support et les tensions qu’elles produisent les unes par rapport aux autres. Les Soins de Support sont partagés entre des philosophies de l’action définissant la maladie comme réduction des capacités, et des philosophies du soin refoulant les notions telles que l’autonomie en étudiant la relation à l’autre. Un second temps permet de condenser en trois axes unanimes le positionnement des Soins de Support. Tout d’abord, les Soins de Support appuient leurs actions sur une compréhension du temps comme épaisseur vécue. Il s’agit d’accompagner le patient dans un cheminement propre, et d’inscrire le temps des horloges, des techniques et de la physiologie dans le temps de celui qui vit l’événement de la maladie. Ensuite, les Soins de Support mettent en œuvre une compréhension du soin en tant qu’acte collectif. L’équipe de soin se constitue avec le malade au cours de sa maladie. Elle comprend des professionnels soignants et non soignants, ainsi que des membres de la société civile. Elle se forme aux grés des besoins et en fonction des enjeux qui jalonnent le parcours du patient. Enfin, les Soins de Support brisent le monopole médical du savoir sur la maladie. Chaque situation exige la construction collective de la compréhension de la maladie. Il s’agit de comprendre la maladie en tant que carrefour des connaissances médicales, techniques, sociales, culturelles, psychologiques, mais aussi comme questionnement existentiel et affectif. La conviction profonde des Soins de Support est que la pluralité des approches et des regards permet par l’échange de tracer avec le patient ses possibilités et de l’y aider Description : Support Cares appeared in France in the 90s. Heirs of Palliative Care Mouvement and chronic diseases medicine take a singular place in cancer departments. Nevertheless, the definition of Support Cares is not harmonized within studies, practices and speeches.The stake in this work is to put this report, to analyze the causes then to propose perspectives leading to a common positioning in the contemporary medical landscape. It will so be a question of demonstrating that a definition of Support Cares is advisable and that a base of appropriate convictions allows it. Methods : A literature review by keywords was led to describe the use of Support Cares definition in the studies concerning them. Then, Recurring axes were cleared. The Support cares are defined as the quality of life improvement, treating the side effects, the care organization model or from the care duration. This literature review gives rise to a return by themes.A field work, based on the observation and interviews with 32 professionals, patients, relatives and associations was conducted within four Care establishments : Curie institute, Saint Cloud Curie Institue, Kremlin Bicêtre Institute, Henri Mondor Hospital. It allowed to test axes stemming from the literature review and to highlight new ones. Time, projects, body and notion of collective proved to be in the heart of the Care Actors speeches.This work is qualitative and not representative.Analysis and discussion : A first time reveals the references with which Support Cares are connected and the tensions they produce in relation to each other. The Support Cares are shared between philosophies of the action defining the disease as reduction of capacities, and Care philosophies repressing notions such as autonomy by studying the relationship. A second time allows to condense in three unanimous axes the Support cares positioning. First of all, Support Cares opress their actions an understanding time as real-life thickness. It is a question of accompanying the patient in a unique path progress, and registering the time of clocks, techniques and physiology in the time of the one who lives the disease event. Then, the Support Cares implement an understanding of the care as a collective act. The Care team establishes with the ill person during his disease. It understands nursing and not nursing professionals, as well as members of the civil society. It forms in the wills of needs and according to the stakes which mark out the route of the patient. Finally, the Support Cares break the knowledge medical monopoly on the disease. Every situation requires the collective construction of the desease understanding. It is a question of understanding the disease as crossroads of medical, technical, social, cultural, pasychological knowledge, but also as existential and emotional questioning.The deep conviction of the Support Cares is that the plurality of the approaches and the looks enable by exchanging to draw with the patient his possibilities and to bring that about

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Wilcox, Susan E. "Improving the Definition of Exercise Maintenance: Evaluation of Concepts Related to Adherence." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2002. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc3195/.

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Physical activity has been demonstrated in the literature as an effective way to reduce the risk for development of chronic disease. The Transtheoretical Model (TTM) of behavior change has been developed as a means to predict and facilitate movement into healthier lifestyle behaviors. The model is centered on "stages of change", which describe a continuum of readiness to engage in a health behavior change. Stages contain temporal, qualitative, and quantitative characteristics. This was a six-month study that evaluated the effectiveness of stage-matched (theorized to be pertaining only to the maintenance stage of change) vs. generic (theorized to be pertaining to anyone, regardless of stage) newsletters in assisting subjects to attain the Maintenance stage of change. It also sought to identify further qualitative characteristics that can differentiate between the Action and Maintenance stages of change. Results indicated that monthly stage-matched newsletters were no more effective in helping subjects reaching Maintenance than were the generic newsletters. Exerciser self-schema was related to stages of change, but those relationships differed from baseline to six-month follow-up, indicating development of exerciser self-schema during the study period. Implications of this are discussed. Other concepts discussed included "structure" of change process, in that three new scores were developed and correlated with self-efficacy as well as intercorrelated. Motivation was also evaluated and compared across levels of success at adhering to exercise during a three-month period. Limitations of the study and implications are discussed.

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Dafnis, Bill. "XML Process Modeling for Disruptive Change Planning: A Case Study of Newspaper Circulation Processes." NSUWorks, 2008. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/gscis_etd/127.

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Disruptive change transforms existing organizational processes. Newspaper organizations such as Orlando Sentinel Communications (OSC) tend to resist process change. As with most newspaper companies in the United States, OSC management was confronted with unprecedented disruptive change and challenges by the accelerated evolution of its business models and processes. This investigation identified and modeled OSC circulation processes to support disruptive change initiatives. The XML Process Definition Language (XPDL) is an XML specification and process modeling solution developed by the Workflow Management Coalition (WFMC) designed to exchange workflow process semantics and graphics. This investigation focused on developing an XPDL process model of OSC circulation processes to address process transformations inherent to disruptive change. The method was a case study of OSC circulation processes through the System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) framework to develop a reproducible XPDL process model for OSC to use in planning for disruptive change. The investigation found that XPDL to be well-suited as the language for expressing workflow models to plan, align, and implement processes that anticipate disruptive change. The results of this research also confirmed that organizational values, workflow activities, and subflows play a prominent role in an incumbent organization's response to disruptive change. Finally, this study established that process model metainformation associated with workflow activities, transitions, and resources are core attributes in planning for disruptive change.

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Roemer, Frank W., Ali Guermazi, Jamie E. Collins, et al. "Semi-quantitative MRI biomarkers of knee osteoarthritis progression in the FNIH biomarkers consortium cohort − Methodologic aspects and definition of change." BIOMED CENTRAL LTD, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/623126.

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Background: To describe the scoring methodology and MRI assessments used to evaluate the cross-sectional features observed in cases and controls, to define change over time for different MRI features, and to report the extent of changes over a 24-month period in the Foundation for National Institutes of Health Osteoarthritis Biomarkers Consortium study nested within the larger Osteoarthritis Initiative (OAI) Study. Methods: We conducted a nested case-control study. Cases (n = 406) were knees having both radiographic and pain progression. Controls (n = 194) were knee osteoarthritis subjects who did not meet the case definition. Groups were matched for Kellgren-Lawrence grade and body mass index. MRIs were acquired using 3 T MRI systems and assessed using the semi-quantitative MOAKS system. MRIs were read at baseline and 24 months for cartilage damage, bone marrow lesions (BML), osteophytes, meniscal damage and extrusion, and Hoffa- and effusion-synovitis. We provide the definition and distribution of change in these biomarkers over time. Results: Seventy-three percent of the cases had subregions with BML worsening (vs. 66 % in controls) (p = 0.102). Little change in osteophytes was seen over 24 months. Twenty-eight percent of cases and 10 % of controls had worsening in meniscal scores in at least one subregion (p < 0.001). Seventy-three percent of cases and 53 % of controls had at least one area with worsening in cartilage surface area (p < 0.001). More cases experienced worsening in Hoffa- and effusion synovitis than controls (17 % vs. 6 % (p < 0.001); 41 % vs. 18 % (p < 0.001), respectively). Conclusions: A wide range of MRI-detected structural pathologies was present in the FNIH cohort. More severe changes, especially for BMLs, cartilage and meniscal damage, were detected primarily among the case group suggesting that early changes in multiple structural domains are associated with radiographic worsening and symptomatic progression.

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DE, ARCANGELIS DIEBOLD ADELE. "Definition du role de la chaine 1 de la laminine-1 dans la differenciation intestinale et la cancerogenese colique." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997STR13252.

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Le developpement et la differenciation intestinale dependent d'interactions etroites entre cellules epitheliales et mesenchymateuses (stromales) mediees par les elements de la lame basale. Cette structure hautement organisee est constituee essentiellement de collagene de type iv, de laminine-1, de nidogene et de perlecan. Dans le present travail, l'implication de la laminine-1 et plus particulierement de la chaine 1 constitutive a ete analysee afin de determiner son role dans la differenciation et dans la tumorigenese intestinale. Les points essentiels qui se degagent de ce travail sont les suivants : 1) l'expression de la chaine 1 est determinante pour la production endogene de laminine-1 et la formation d'une lame basale. Ces donnees sont issues de l'analyse : a) de lignees cancereuses coliques humaines presentant des caracteres phenotypiques differents en coculture, et b) de cellules epitheliales caco-2 dans lesquelles la chaine 1 a ete inhibee de maniere endogene par une strategie antisens. 2) l'absence de toute structure organisee de type lame basale suite a l'inhibition specifique de la chaine 1 conduit a des alterations de certains aspects de la differenciation epitheliale (desorganisation structurale des microvillosites, absence d'une enzyme digestive : la saccharase). 3) l'absence de chaine 1 dans les cellules cancereuses coliques entraine une diminution de la tumorigenicite des cellules apres injection sous-cutanee a la souris nude. Parallelement, la lame basale a l'interface cellules cancereuses/stroma est fortement perturbee conjointement a des modifications des recepteurs de type integrine (64 essentiellement). Les caracteres d'agressivite de ces cellules testes par greffe orthotopique ne sont, par contre, que faiblement modifies. 4) l'utilisation d'une autre lignee cellulaire, les cellules ht29, suggere une regulation propre a chaque modele liee vraisemblablement a l'existence d'isoformes de laminine. En effet, la reintroduction de la chaine 1 de la laminine dans ces cellules n'a pas permis a elle seule de modifier ni la synthese globale de laminine ni la differenciation epitheliale.

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Hope, Mat. "The discursive politics of an intractable policy controversy : the issue-definition of climate change in the United States Congress, 1993 to 2008." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.684747.

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This thesis analyses the discursive processes behind the US Congress' continual failure to pass comprehensive climate change legislation. It finds that a contradictory issue-definition was institutionalised, entrenching a range of particularly problematic framings of the policy issue, which classified 'climate change' policy as, simultaneously, an 'international' , ' energy', 'environmental' , 'economics', 'scientific' , 'ethical' and 'management' issue. It is argued that this issue-definition was institutionalised through a number of policy punctuations (including the Byrd-Hagel resolution of 1997, various iterations of the Climate Stewardship Acts (2003, 2004, 2005, 2007), and the Climate Security Act of 2008), leading to the perpetuation of congressional climate change policy stasis. This project aligns with interpretive policy analyses (IPA) which emphasise the constructed nature of policy problems (see Hajer 1995; Wagenaar 2011; Yanow 2000). Previous explanations for the US government's climate change policy recalcitrance tend to be interest-based explanations. In contrast, this project seeks to illuminate the discursive elements of the policy process to better understand how this particularly stubborn policy problem - which Schon and Rein (1994) would describe as a 'policy controversy' - persists. To do so, it uses discursive institutionalist tools (see Schmidt 2002, 2006) to conduct a frame analysis of congressional climate change debates between 1993 and 2008, based on Schon and Rein's (1994) framing model. As such, this project contributes in three areas: theoretical, methodological, and empirical. It shows that discursive institutionalism can be used to explain cases of policy stasis as well as change - an as yet underdeveloped part of the literature. Furthermore, it shows that frame analysis is a useful IP A method to illuminate the discursive elements of policy controversies. Finally, it builds on previous explanations of Congress' climate change policy laggardness, going beyond interest-based explanations and showing how a particular issue-definition and framing perpetuated the policy controversy. It finds that before Congress can take action to pass comprehensive climate change legislation - above all - the policy issue must first be redefined

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Paleari, L. "IN SILICO IDEOTYPING: DEFINITION AND EVALUATION OF RICE IDEOTYPES IMPROVED FOR RESISTANCE/TOLERANCE TRAITS TO BIOTIC AND ABIOTIC STRESSORS UNDER CLIMATE CHANGE SCENARIOS." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/483333.

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The development of new cultivars better adapted to specific growing conditions is a key strategy to meet an ever-increasing growing global food demand and search for more sustainable cropping systems. This is even more crucial in the context of a changing climate. Ecophysiological models and advanced computational techniques (e.g., sensitivity analysis, SA) represent powerful tools to analyze genotype (G) by environment (E) interactions, thus supporting breeders in identifying key traits for specific agro-environmental contexts. However, limits for the effective use of mathematical models within breeding programs are represented by the uncertainty in the distribution of plant trait values, the lack of processes dealing with resistance/tolerance traits in most ideotyping studies, the partial suitability of current crop models for ideotyping purposes, and the absence of modelling tools directly usable by breeders. The aim of this research was to address these issues improving methodologies already in use, proposing new paradigms for the development of crop models explicitly targeting ideotyping applications and developing tools that would encourage a deep interaction of the modelling and breeding communities. The focus was on rice, for its role as staple food for more than a half of world’s population, and on resistance/tolerance traits to biotic/abiotic stressors, for their central role in increasing crop adaptation. Moreover, current conditions and climate change projections were considered, to support the definition of strategies for breeding in the medium-long term. A standard procedure to quantify − and manage − the impact of the uncertainty in the distribution of plant trait values was developed, using the WARM rice model and the Sobol’ method as case study. The approach is based on a SA (generating sample of parameter distributions) of a SA (generating samples of parameters for each generated distribution) using distributions of jackknife statistics calculated on literature values to reproduce the uncertainty in defining parameters distributions. As a practical implication, the procedure developed allows identifying plant traits whose uncertainty in distribution can alter ideotyping results, i.e., traits whose distributions could need to be refined. Global SA was then used to identify rice traits putatively producing the largest yield benefits in five contrasting districts in the Philippines, India, China, Japan and Italy. The analysis involved phenotypic traits dealing with light interception, photosynthetic efficiency, tolerance to abiotic stressors, resistance to fungal pathogens and grain quality. Results suggested that breeding for traits involved with disease resistance and tolerance to cold- and heat-induced spikelet sterility could provide benefits similar to those obtained from improving traits affecting potential yield. Instead, advantages resulting from varying traits involved with grain quality were markedly frustrated by inter-annual weather variability. Since results highlighted strong G×E interactions, a new index to derive district-specific ideotypes was developed. Given the key role of biotic/abiotic stressors in determining actual yield and the deep impact of related G×E interactions, a study was carried out by explicitly focusing on the definition of rice ideotypes improved for their resistance to fungal pathogens and tolerance to abiotic constraints (temperature shocks inducing sterility). The analysis was carried out at district level with a high spatial resolution (5 km × 5 km elementary simulation unit), targeting the improvement of the most representative 34 varieties in six Italian rice districts. Genetic improvement was simulated via the introgression of traits from donor varieties. Results clearly showed that breeders should focus on increasing resistance to blast disease, as this appears as a factor markedly limiting rice yields in Italy, regardless of the districts and climate scenarios, whereas benefits deriving from improving tolerance to cold-induced sterility could be markedly affected by G×E interactions. To reduce the risk of discrepancies between in silico ideotypes and their in vivo realizations, both studies involved only model parameters with a close relationship with phenotypic traits breeders are working on. However, a long-term strategy to overcome limitations related with the partial suitability of available models would be building new ideotyping-specific models explicitly around traits involved in breeding programs. This proposal for a paradigm shift in model development was illustrated taking salt stress tolerance and rice as a case study. Dedicated growth chamber experiments were conducted to develop a new model explicitly accounting for tolerance traits modulating Na+ uptake and distribution in plant tissues, as well as the impact of the accumulated Na+ on photosynthesis, senescence and spikelet sterility. An ideotyping study was conducted at two sites (in Greece and California) characterized by different seasonal dynamics of salinity in field water. Results showed how, under different scenarios, traits assuring the largest contribution to the overall tolerance could refer to completely different physiological mechanisms: tissue tolerance in one case, sodium exclusion in the other. This encourages the development of explicit trait-based approaches to increase the integration of crop models within breeding programs. A parallel path to achieve this goal is the development of modelling platforms targeting breeders as final users, who does not have necessarily in-depth skills in crop modelling and IT. The platform ISIde, derived from a close collaboration between target users, biophysical modelers and IT specialists, represents the first prototype of a platform specifically developed for being used directly by breeders to evaluate in silico improved varieties at district level. This thesis demonstrated the usefulness of simulation models for the definition of ideotypes for specific agro-environmental conditions. Targeting ideotyping applications, new methodologies, paradigms for model development and modelling tools were developed, thus contributing to improve the potential of crop modelling to support breeding programs. Future developments will target researches aimed at overcoming the limits behind this study, i.e., (i) absence of explicit interactions between traits, (ii) no adaptation strategies considered, and (iii) lack of approaches for the simulation of the evolutionary potential of pathogens in response to long-term climate variations and increased host resistance.

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Andersson, My. "Who’s responsible? : A study of strategies for handling climate migration." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-387500.

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The issue of climate migration has long been struggling to make its way onto the international agenda. This study therefore set out to shed a light on eleven strategies for handling climate migration. The study builds on the work by Ransan-Cooper et al. (2015) where they allocate actors to four different frames depending on how the actor in question view the environmental migrant, either as; a victim; a security threat; an adaptive agent or; a political subject. This makes out an important comparative basis for the analysis done in this study. It also provides a background on problem definition and framing and the role it plays in policy making. This study then takes the step to also present solutions to the problem defined by presenting concrete strategies which can all be allocated to one of the four frames. The core ideas of the strategies and the solutions they provide are presented using a content analysis. In addition, the question of responsibility for climate migrants is discussed using three normative theories: contribution to the problem, ability to pay and beneficiary pays. The study concludes that there is a consensus among most actors that there is a need for global cooperation and shared responsibility for climate migration and climate migrants. It also concludes that the way a problem is defined or framed plays a highly important role.

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Bregaglio, S. U. M. "DEFINITION AND IMPLEMENTATION OF PLANT DISEASE SIMULATION MODELS IN INTERACTION WITH CROP MODELS, AIMING AT FORECASTING THE IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE SCENARIOS ON CROP PRODUCTION." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/170256.

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The impacts of a changing climate on the social and economic development of humanity have been increasingly studied in the last decades. According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), the lack of implementation of effective and adequate measures for contrasting green house gases emissions will lead to increasingly severe and partially irreversible impacts on the environment, and consequently on the society. The estimate of possible impacts on food production, starting from agriculture, is essential to develop strategies to alleviate the consequences of climate change. In this context, the evaluation of the future dynamics of plant diseases plays a key role because they determine actual production levels for many crops in many areas, therefore deeply influencing food availability and security. In order to perform such analyses, process-based simulation modelling offers the capability to capture the high non-linearity characterizing the responses of biophysical processes to boundary conditions. However, such models have been marginally used to estimate scenarios of plant diseases impact on crop production, because of the limited availability of modelling approaches and tools. This work constitutes an attempt to respond to the need of developing a software framework for the simulation of a generic fungal plant airborne disease which can be easiliy coupled with a crop simulator in order to improve the estimation of the levels of crop productions under climate change scenarios. The first section of the work deals with the evaluation of models for the estimation of meteorological data and for the simulation of leaf wetness, driving variable of the infection process of fungal plant pathogens. These assessments were justified by the need of feeding the disease models with high quality data, and by the scarce availability of hourly data in large area databases. The second section presents the implementation and the calibration of the generic fungal plant epidemic framework, and its test via an extensive use of sensitivity analysis techniques. The third section deals with the application of the developed modelling solutions, coupled with crop simulators, for the forecasting of the impact of climate change on crop production in Latin America. In the last section, new criteria and metrics for biophysical model evaluation and analysis are presented, aimed at considering the models performance under heterogeneous climatic conditions such as those explored in climate change and large area application studies.

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Hedberg, Agnes Holm. "Klimatneutrala byggnader : En utredning av begreppet och jämförelse mellan olika definitioner." Thesis, KTH, Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-290800.

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Klimatförändringarna är idag ett av mänsklighetens största hot och om inte världens växthusgasutsläpp minskar drastiskt under de kommande åren kan detta medföra svåra konsekvenser både lokalt och globalt. I linje med detta har globala och nationella mål satts för att främja klimatneutrala samhällen och branscher. Byggsektorn står för en stor del av klimatpåverkan, varför det är viktigt att se över utsläpp från denna sektor. Under de senaste åren har flertalet definitioner för klimatneutralitet i byggsektorn presenterats där samtliga är överens om att detta är en viktig strategi för att minska påverkan från vår byggda miljö. Dock tycks en stor osäkerhet råda kring vad som ska inkluderas i en sådan definition. Detta projekt ämnade därför till att undersöka olika definitioner av klimatneutralitet inom byggsektorn med fokus på ‘klimatneutrala byggnader’. Sju olika verktyg inkluderas i denna analys, vilka utgör en blandning av regionala, nationella och internationella initiativ men med den gemensamma nämnaren att alla utvecklat en egen definition av en ‘klimatneutral byggnad’. En litteraturgenomgång ämnade att sätta projektet i en tydlig kontext vilket sedan följdes av en dokumentanalys av verktygen och en intervjustudie med verktygsutvecklare vilka har insyn i de olika definitionernas utformning. Resultatet visade att det råder delade meningar gällande val av systemgränser och tillvägagångssätt för att uppnå klimatneutralitet. Samtliga var överens om att förnyelsebar energiproduktion och elektrifiering kommer vara avgörande för att uppnå detta men däremot uppmärksammades olika klimatåtgärder för att balansera klimatpåverkan. Dessa inkluderade framförallt följande: produktion (och export) av förnyelsebar energi, köpt klimatkompensation och lagringsvärde av biogent kol i trämaterial. Dessutom presenterades energieffektivisering i befintligt bestånd, tekniska lösningar för att långsiktigt lagra koldioxid såsom bio-CCS, karbonatisering av betong, tillgodoräkning av en återvinningsdeklaration, återvunnet material och energi samt effektreduktion inom befintlig byggnad. Även systemgränserna skiljde sig åt där detta varierade från att framförallt inkludera det viktigaste och mest tillförlitliga till att inkludera samtliga steg inom byggnadens livscykel. Vidare visade studien på utmaningar kopplat till detta område som framförallt inkluderar brist på data, både vad gäller kvantitet och kvalitet, behovet att inludera antaganden och fiktiva beräkningar och osäkerhet kring framtiden så som elnätets mix och hantering av elektrifiering i byggsektorn. Detta indikerade att det i nuläget saknas konsensus kring vad en ‘klimatneutral byggnad’ är och att det finns utmaningar kopplat till en sådan definition, vilket tyder på att begreppet skulle behöva utvärderas ytterligare. Av den anledningen kan det vara rimligt att fundera på om klimatneutrala byggnader är ett begrepp som i nuläget är redo att användas, eller om det ska undvikas för att förhindra missförstånd. Climate change is one of today’s biggest threats for humanity and if the global greenhouse gas emissions do not drastically decrease during the near future, this could have severe consequences for the world. In line with these challenges, global and national goals have been developed which aim to foster climate-neutral societies and industries. Since the climate effect from the building industry has shown to be major, it is important to consider emissions from this sector. During the recent years, several definitions of climate-neutrality in the built environment have been presented, which is a strategy considered to be important in order to reduce the climate impact from this field. Therefore, this project aimed to investigate different definitions of climate-neutrality in the building industry with the focus ‘climate-neutral buildings’. Seven tools were included, with a mix of regional, national and international focus, which all have presented a unique definition of a climate-neutral building. To settle the project in a clear context, a literature review became the first step. Thereafter, a document analysis was conducted as well as an interview study with tool developers with good insight into the framing of the different tools that were investigated. The result showed that the definitions differ in terms of defined system boundaries and actions chosen to achieve climate-neutrality. All of the investigated tools promoted that renewable energy and electrification lay the foundation for the climate-neutral building definition. However, the climate actions presented for compensating and balancing the emissions differed. The presented actions included, above all: production (and export) of renewable energy, carbon offsets, and storage capacity of biocarbon in wood material. Additionally, the tools presented other actions which included energy-efficiency in existing buildings, technical solutions for long-term storage of carbon, carbonization of concrete, value connected to reuse of material and energy, as well as reduced energy-peak demand. The system boundaries differed in terms of inclusion of life cycle modules, from focusing on the most important and accurate stages, to include the full lifecycle of a building. Furthermore, the study identified challenges connected to the definition of climate-neutral buildings. These included, above all, lack of (high-quality) data, the need to use fictitious numbers and assumptions, as well as insecurities connected to the future, including the composition of the electricity mix and how the electricity grid will handle the electrification of the built environment. All these aspects indicate that the term climate-neutral building as for now lacks consensus and that there are challenges connected to this field. Therefore, 2 more evaluation seems to be needed and it might be reasonable to consider if climate neutral buildings as a concept is mature enough to be used, or if this should be avoided to prevent confusion and misunderstandings.

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Zaffaina, Luca. "Definition of R&D and innovation projects through the analysis of product value change in a B2B environment: application to a Magnesium Die Casting automotive supplier." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3425641.

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An attempt has been made to improve the R&D efficiency of a medium size automotive supplier. Focus is put on developing an approach to better identify the type of R&D activities that have to be selected to grow short-midterm market. The proposed approach implies to develop the flux of information on values of product’s functions from the customer to the supplier; a proposal is made to better capture customer’s values. For each new development, the price could be presented together with its variations if each function level was lowered or improved by a defined percentage. A method to assess price variations by assuming that the function could be removed has been developed. R&D activities have then been defined through targets of value change, and through cost analysis on product/process, and functions. Questo lavoro è un tentativo di migliorare l'efficienza del dipartimento Ricerca e Sviluppo di un produttore di getti in magnesio pressocolato per l'industria automobilistica. L'attenzione è stata posta sullo sviluppo di un approccio teso a identificare il tipo di attività di R&S da sviluppare al fine di contribuire alla crescita aziendale nel breve e medio termine. L'approccio proposto implica di sviluppare il flusso di informazioni sul valore delle funzioni del prodotto dal cliente al fornitore; è stato proposto un metodo per la valutazione del valore per il cliente delle funzioni. Per ogni sviluppo può essere presentato un prezzo di base unitamente alle sue possibli variazioni se il livello di ognuna delle funzioni del prodotto è incrementato o diminuito di un valore predefinito. Le variazioni di prezzo sono state definite tramite un metodo che prevede la rimozione della funzione dal prodotto. Le attività di R&S sono state quindi definite sulla base di obiettivi sulla variazione del valore del componente e sull'analisi del di prodotto / processo e delle funzioni del prodotto.

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Berglund, Moa. "Refugees, Migrants or Displaced People? : A framing analysis of EU and UN problem definitions and advocated solutions in the debate on climate change induced displacement." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-373948.

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Enqvist, Charlotta. "The Sweden Democrats and the issue of climate change -A study on the definition and legitimization of social realities in a globalized world with a specific focus on power relations." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för humaniora, utbildnings- och samhällsvetenskap, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-94149.

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The purpose of this study is to investigate the constructed vision of social reality that the Sweden Democrats define and thus defend and legitimizes through their climate and environmental policy. With a focus on the power relations that are constitutive of the Sweden Democrats' definition of social reality, the intention is to clarify the Sweden Democrats' position on the issue of climate change and to make visible what underlies their actions concerning the ratification of the Paris Agreement. To achieve the purpose, critical discourse analysis is used as a method where political documents concerning the Sweden Democrats' climate, environment, and energy policy during the period 2018-2021 constitute the empirical material. The results show that the Sweden Democrats' definition of climate change is both ambiguous and ambivalent, where Sweden's self-image and Swedish interests are prioritized over climate measures. The result also shows that the Sweden Democrats' definition of climate change is constituted by underlying power relations to preserve the power of the nation-state and the subordinate position of developing countries. One conclusion that can be drawn is to reduce the Sweden Democrats to just being climate change deniers is to simplify because their attitude to climate change is characterized by ambivalence and self-interest rather than skepticism and denial. Another conclusion is that the Sweden Democrats' attitude to climate change is more about defending and preserving existing power relations and less about questioning the existence of climate change. A third conclusion that can be drawn is that the Sweden Democrats' action regarding the Paris Agreement is more about opposing a social change that entails increased equality and about legitimizing the nation state's continued relevance in a globalized world, and less about opposing the content and implementation of the Paris Agreement.

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Bastan, Emine Meltem. "The Assessment Of Macroeconomic Variability And Monetary Transmission Mechanisms In Turkey With Var Estimations." Master's thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12615085/index.pdf.

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This thesis investigates the nature of macroeconomic changes by focussing on the monetary policy changes in Turkey between 1990Q1-2011Q4 and assesses the variability of the economy via impulse response functions obtained from VAR analyses. The period of the analyses is characterized with changes of the definitions of monetary aggregates in 2002 and 2007. In order to have consistent monetary series, the new and old series are constructed according to new and old definitions and then analyses are carried out with each type of series and comparisons are given among the monetary series.

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Prudencio, Soto Marco Antonio, and Figueroa Angela Unda. "Optimización de la Gestión del Alcance para mitigar los cambios en Edificaciones." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/625874.

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La ineficiente gestión del alcance en proyecto de edificaciones en el Lima genera cambios durante la etapa de ejecución, estos cambios de alcance se convierten en adicionales que causan sobrecostos y afectan al presupuesto contractual. A fin de mitigar los cambios en edificaciones, se formula un procedimiento para optimizar la gestión del alcance. La propuesta consta de 6 procesos para gestionar el alcance: Estudio de condiciones de sitio y de Stakeholders, Definición de Alcance, Desarrollo de Diseño, Validación del Alcance, Control de OCA’s y Análisis de OCA’s; los cuales están basados en distintas fuentes bibliográficas y de información de proyectos locales. El producto final que validará la investigación se obtendrá con el procedimiento propuesto retroalimentado en el resultado del análisis de los adicionales aprobados de 3 proyectos de edificación. Dicho análisis consiste en la clasificación de los adicionales en distintos tipos de causantes que serán agrupados, comparados y evaluados de acuerdo a los procesos de gestión de alcance y a las especialidades involucradas, con el objetivo de identificar cuál de estas requieran establecer medidas de mejora. An inefficient Scope Management in building projects in Lima may generate changes during the execution phase, those Scope changes can become into additional works that causes overcost and variations to the contractual budget. In order to reduce changes in building projects, it has been formulated a procedure to improve the Scope Management and it is composed by 6 processes: Site conditions and Stakeholders Study, Scope definition, Design development, Scope validation, Change orders control and Change orders Analysis; all the processes are based on various bibliographical sources and information of local’s Projects. The final product which will validate the investigation is a feedback of the proposed procedure with the results of the analysis of approved scope changes coming from the building projects studied. This analysis consists of the classification of scope changes according their causes which have been grouped, compared and evaluated in accordance with the Scope management processes and the specialties involved, aiming to identify those that require setting improvement measures. Tesis

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Ciappuccini, Renaud. "Apport de l'imagerie fonctionnelle par TEMP/TDM et TEP/TDM dans la prise en charge des cancers différenciés de la thyroïde Incremental Value of a Dedicated Head and Neck Acquisition during 18F-FDG PET/CT in Patients with Differentiated Thyroid Cancer Full text links full-text provider logo Actions Favorites Share Page navigation Title & authors Abstract Conflict of interest statement Figures Similar articles Cited by References Related information LinkOut - more resources EJNMMI Res . 2018 Dec 3;8(1):104. doi: 10.1186/s13550-018-0461-x. Optimization of a dedicated protocol using a small-voxel PSF reconstruction for head-and-neck 18 FDG PET/CT imaging in differentiated thyroid cancer 78 Lymph node involvement in head-and-neck and thyroid cancers with digital PET/CT: the impact of ultra-high definition voxels and point-spread function Tumor burden of persistent disease in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer: correlation with postoperative risk-stratification and impact on outcome 133 18F-Fluorocholine PET/CT is a highly sensitive but poorly specific tool for identifying malignancy in thyroid nodules with indeterminate cytology: The Chocolate study PSMA expression in neovasculature of persistent/recurrent differentiated thyroid cancerin the neck: relationship with radioiodine uptake, 18Fluorodeoxyglucose avidity and outcome." Thesis, Normandie, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NORMC424.

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L’imagerie scintigraphique des cancers thyroïdiens différenciés (CTD) présente la particularité d’utiliser deux radiopharmaceutiques, l’iode 131 (131I) et le 18-Fluorodésoxyglucose (18FDG). La fixation de ces traceurs dépend habituellement du degré de différenciation et de l’agressivité de la tumeur. L’objectif de ce travail était d’étudier l’apport de différents aspects techniques et d’instrumentation, à savoir l’imagerie hybride par TEMP/TDM et TEP/TDM, la point-spread function (PSF), la taille des voxels et la technologie TEP digitale, et d’explorer si d’autres traceurs TEP pouvaient présenter un intérêt. Le but de la première partie était d’étudier les performances de la TEP/TDM au 18FDG à l’étage cervical pour la détection de la maladie ganglionnaire. Une acquisition TEP/TDM dédiée a amélioré la détection de la maladie tumorale par rapport à l’acquisition classique. L’utilisation de la PSF a permis de détecter des tailles de lésions plus petites et la durée optimale de cette acquisition a été évaluée. Des reconstructions avec des tailles de voxels ultra-fines ont été réalisées sur TEP digitale pour étudier l’impact de la PSF et des voxels ultra-fins sur les données quantitatives. La seconde partie a porté sur l’imagerie 131I-TEMP/TDM et 18FDG-TEP/TDM, afin de quantifier le volume de la maladie persistante. Il a ainsi été montré que la masse tumorale était corrélée au risque post-opératoire et avait un impact sur la réponse au traitement. L’objectif de la troisième partie était d’étudier un autre traceur TEP, la 18-Fluorocholine (FCH), ainsi qu’un marqueur de la néovascularisation, l’antigène membranaire spécifique de la prostate (PSMA). Nos données suggèrent qu’un examen TEP à la FCH négatif au sein d’un nodule thyroïdien à cytologie indéterminée permettrait d’éliminer la malignité, et pourrait éviter des chirurgies inutiles. Par ailleurs, le marquage au PSMA évalué par immunohistochimie dans les néo-vaisseaux est associé à des facteurs de mauvais pronostic. D’autres études sont nécessaires pour confirmer l’intérêt éventuel des examens TEP à la FCH et au 68Ga-PSMA en oncologie thyroïdienne Radioiodine (131I) and 18-Fluorodeoxyglucose (18FDG) are two radiopharmaceuticals used for scintigraphic imaging in differentiated thyroid cancers (DTC). Tumour uptake of each tracer depends on tumour differentiation and aggressiveness. Our goal was to further assess various technical aspects in DTC imaging workup, such as SPECT/CT and PET/CT, point-spread function (PSF), voxel size, digital PET, and to explore further other PET tracers. The aim of the first part was to assess the performance of 18FDG PET/CT for the detection of neck lymph node involvement. A dedicated PET/CT acquisition improved tumour detection compared to the whole-body acquisition. PSF reconstruction allowed detection of smaller cancer deposits and the optimal acquisition duration time was assessed. Using digital PET acquisitions, ultra-thin voxels reconstructions were performed. The impact of ultra-thin voxels and PSF on quantitative values was evaluated. The second part focused on 131I-SPECT/CT and 18FDG-PET/CT imaging, in an attempt to assess tumour burden of persistent disease. Tumor burden was correlated with the postoperative risk and affected the response to therapy. In the third part, another PET tracer, i.e. 18-Fluorocholine (FCH), and a marker of neovasculature, i.e. prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA), were studied. FCH PET/CT offered high negative predictive value to reliably exclude cancer in PET-negative nodules with indeterminate cytology and might prevent unnecessary surgeries. Also, PSMA expression assessed with immunohistochemistry was associated with poor prognosis factors. Further studies are needed to confirm new insights of FCH PET and 68Ga-PSMA PET in DTC

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Mulero, Stephen. "Développement d’outils d’écologie moléculaire pour un suivi intégratif des maladies transmises par les mollusques d’eau douce dans un contexte d’émergences et de changements globaux A Multiplex Rapid Diagnostic PCR (RD-PCR) approach for xenomonitoring of human and animal schistosomiases in a One Health context Genetic diversity and relationships of the liver fluke Fasciola hepatica (Trematoda) with native and introduced definitive and intermediate hosts Simultaneous genotyping of gastropods and their trematode parasites using Amplicon Sequencing Pre-zygotic isolation mechanisms between Schistosoma haematobium and Schistosoma bovis parasites: from mating interactions to differential gene expression." Thesis, Perpignan, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PERP0023.

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Les changements globaux, qu’ils soient d’origine climatique ou anthropique ont diverses conséquences en santé humaine et animale, mais aussi sur les écosystèmes mondiaux. L’une des plus importantes est la modification des aires de répartitions géographiques des espèces et de celle des pathogènes qui leurs sont associés. C’est dans ce contexte que nous assistons ces dernières années à une recrudescence des cas d’émergences et de réémergences de maladies infectieuses dans le monde. Alors que les efforts de recherche menés dans ce domaine se focalisent principalement sur les maladies virales, les maladies transmises par les mollusques d’eau douce, qui affectent plus d’un milliard d’individus dans le monde, sont également sujettes à ces évènements d’émergences devenus fréquents. Cependant, l’étude de la dynamique des parasites associés à ces maladies se focalisent essentiellement sur le diagnostic et le traitement des hôtes définitifs, en particulier l’Homme. Toutefois, une telle approche ne permet pas de prévenir de la transmission de ces parasites à l’Homme et encore moins de prévenir d’un évènement d’émergence, et les outils actuels utilisés pour le suivi de ces parasites dans l’environnement sont difficilement applicables à large échelle. Ce travail de thèse se propose donc d’apporter une vision plus environnementale de la dynamique de ces maladies. Avec l’exemple de l’émergence de bilharziose urogénitale en Corse, nous avons analysé cette émergence en intégrant l’étude des traits d’histoire de vie du parasite tropical en cause, notamment sa thermo tolérance, ainsi que le rôle des hôtes intermédiaires mollusques et des hôtes définitifs sauvages et domestiques dans le maintien local du cycle parasitaire. Dans un second temps nous avons développé des outils de diagnostic par ADN environnemental pour la détection de mollusques hôtes dans l’environnement afin d’identifier les zones à risque d’émergence, ainsi que des outils de détection intramolluscal de schistosomes pour identifier les sites de transmission actif, et donc permettre un suivi environnemental des acteurs de ces maladies. Pour compléter ces approches, nous avons développé un outil plus généraliste de metabarcoding environnemental pour caractériser les communautés de mollusques d’eau douce, et initié le développement d’un outil similaire pour la caractérisation des communautés de trématodes, ceci afin d’étudier les interactions entre ces organismes. Enfin nous discutons de l’intégrations de tous ces éléments dans de nouvelles stratégies de contrôle à l’encontre de maladies transmises par les mollusques d’eau douce Global changes, whether climatic or anthropogenic, have various consequences in human and animal health, as well as for worldwide ecosystems. One of the most important is the modification of geographical ranges of species and those of their associated pathogens. It is in this context that in recent years we have witnessed a resurgence in the emergence and re-emergence of infectious diseases around the world. While research efforts in this field are mainly focused on viral diseases, freshwater snail-borne diseases, that affect more than 1 billion peoples around the world, are also subject to these outbreaks, which have become frequent. However, the study of the dynamics of parasites associated with these diseases focuses primarily on the diagnosis and treatment of the definitive hosts, particularly humans. Such an approach does not prevent the transmission of these parasites to humans and even less prevent an emergence event, and the existing tools used to monitor these parasites in the environment are difficult to apply at large scale. This thesis work, therefore aims to provide a more environmental vision of the dynamics of these diseases. With the example of the emergence of urogenital bilharziasis in Corsica, we analysed this emergence by integrating the study of the life history traits of the tropical parasite in question, particularly its thermo tolerance, as well as the role of mollusc intermediate hosts and wild and domestic definitive hosts in the local maintenance of the parasite lifecycle. In a second step, we have developed environmental DNA diagnostic tools for the detection of molluscs hosts in the environment in order to identify areas at risk of emergence, as well as tools for intramolluscal detection of schistosomes to identify active sites of transmission, and thus allow the environmental monitoring of the actors of these diseases. To complete these approaches, we have developed a more generalised environmental metabarcoding tool to characterise freshwater mollusc communities and initiated the development of a similar tool for the characterisation of trematode communities, in order to study the interactions between these organisms. Lastly, we discuss the integration of all these elements into new control strategies against snail-borne diseases

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Reddington, John. "Re-examining educational risk prediction: The development of a parent screening inventory for children with learning difficulties at school entry." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 1998. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/36594/1/36594_Digitised%20Thesis.pdf.

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A parent screening instrument for learning difficulties (PSILD) was investigated clinically over three years with children referred for learning and behaviour problems. This established face validity for an instrument with eight sub-areas (i) SocioDemographic, (ii) Genetic, (iii) Pregnancy, (iv) Birth, (v) Early Illness, (vi) SpeechLanguage, (vii) Movement, (viii) Behaviour (Withdrawal - Social Competence, Anxiety-Depression, Conduct-Oppositional Disorder, Hyperactivity, Attention). To these were added the sub-areas of Early Education and Social Strength (resilience). PSILD was then trialled at school entry for usability, acceptability, cost effectiveness, and ease of administration by school personnel, in one private primary school, two state schools from low socio-economic areas, and a child health clinic. The clinic results showed a higher incidence of problems, providing further face validity. Usability, acceptability, cost effectiveness and ease of administration were seen to be satisfactory. Parent feedback led to deletions and modifications of the items and an A3 form was found to be quicker and easier to complete than an A4 form. A brief introductory letter to parents was also seen to help completion of the instrument. A computer-scored Feedback Sheet was constructed providing teachers with an overall risk level (1 - 9 scale; 1 =high risk; 9 =no risk) and sub-area risk levels (1 - 3 scale; risk, borderline, no risk). This laid the basis for the early identification of academic problems, besides remedial procedures and professional referrals. PSILD, based on 305 items, was then completed by 422 parents and factor analysed by sub-area. The factors obtained were found to logically define the previously trialled PSILD sub-areas, providing construct validity. Items with a loading ofless than .3, were eliminated, reducing the total from 305 to 202 which enhanced content validity. Items were also eliminated which did not contribute to the Cronbach Alpha coefficient per sub-area. The resultant 170 items gave an average time of completion of 12.7 minutes. The overall Alpha coefficient (internal consistency) was .83 (.8295) (N = 215). Test-retest stability after a median period of 127 days was also .83 (.8329) (N = 81 ). Both these measures showed PSILD to have a high level of reliability. Employing 215 children from six schools, a teacher instrument, the Pupil Rating Scale Revised (PRSR) and the Letter Identification Test (CLAY), given after nine months of schooling, were used as predictive instruments with PSILD and chronological age, against the Wechsler Individual Achievement Test (Reading Sub-Test) (WIAT), given 21 months after school entry. PSILD was found to have a modest but significant correlation with WIAT (r = .34). When PSILD was reduced to five components (SUBPSILD) (Genetic, Pregnancy, Withdrawal, Early Education and parents' educational level), the level rose tor= .44. The PRSR and CLAY levels were .45 and .51 respectively. When SUBPSILD was combined with Auditory Comprehension and Memory (PRSRAUD), CLAY and age, multiple R reached .76 (variance 57 percent). Entering these components into a discriminant function analysis produced a hit rate of 91.2 percent and an odds ratio of 12.6 (12 < .0001). This result was superior to those of seven recent studies which also used multiple measures (Scarborough, 1998). SUBPSILD's level of prediction was shown to be equivalent to that of the teacher measure (PRSRAUD). A .25 correlation between the PSILD and PRSR behaviour subscales was similar to that of Achenbach et al. (1987) of .27 for 41 parent-teacher samples. This provided a potential basis for pervasive behavioural evaluation at nine months of schooling. Thus PSILD was shown to combine the roles of educational prediction with that of the early identification of academic and behavioural problems.

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Hart, Peter Bartholomew. "A plm implementation for aerospace systems engineering-conceptual rotorcraft design." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/28278.

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The thesis will discuss the Systems Engineering phase of an original Conceptual Design Engineering Methodology for Aerospace Engineering-Vehicle Synthesis. This iterative phase is shown to benefit from digitization of Integrated Product&Process Design (IPPD) activities, through the application of Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) technologies. Requirements analysis through the use of Quality Function Deployment (QFD) and 7 MaP tools is explored as an illustration. A "Requirements Data Manager" (RDM) is used to show the ability to reduce the time and cost to design for both new and legacy/derivative designs. Here the COTS tool Teamcenter Systems Engineering (TCSE) is used as the RDM. The utility of the new methodology is explored through consideration of a legacy RFP based vehicle design proposal and associated aerospace engineering. The 2001 American Helicopter Society (AHS) 18th Student Design Competition RFP is considered as a starting point for the Systems Engineering phase. A Conceptual Design Engineering activity was conducted in 2000/2001 by Graduate students (including the author) in Rotorcraft Engineering at the Daniel Guggenheim School of Aerospace Engineering at the Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta GA. This resulted in the "Kingfisher" vehicle design, an advanced search and rescue rotorcraft capable of performing the "Perfect Storm" mission, from the movie of the same name. The associated requirements, architectures, and work breakdown structure data sets for the Kingfisher are used to relate the capabilities of the proposed Integrated Digital Environment (IDE). The IDE is discussed as a repository for legacy knowledge capture, management, and design template creation. A primary thesis theme is to promote the automation of the up-front conceptual definition of complex systems, specifically aerospace vehicles, while anticipating downstream preliminary and full spectrum lifecycle design activities. The thesis forms a basis for additional discussions of PLM tool integration across the engineering, manufacturing, MRO and EOL lifecycle phases to support business management processes.

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Pezzotti, Simone. "DFT-MD simulations and theoretical SFG spectroscopy to characterize H-Bonded networks at aqueous interfaces : from hydrophobic to hydrophilic environments Structural definition of the BIL and DL: a new universal methodology to rationalize non-linear χ(2)(ω) SFG signals at charged interfaces, including χ(3)(ω) contributions What the Diffuse Layer (DL) Reveals in Non-Linear SFG Spectroscopy 2D H-Bond Network as the Topmost Skin to the Air-Water Interface Combining ab-initio and classical molecular dynamics simulations to unravel the structure of the 2D-HB-network at the air-water interface 2D-HB-Network at the air-water interface: A structural and dynamical characterization by means of ab initio and classical molecular dynamics simulations Spectroscopic BIL-SFG Invariance Hides the Chaotropic Effect of Protons at the Air-Water Interface Molecular hydrophobicity at a macroscopically hydrophilic surface Graph theory for automatic structural recognition in molecular dynamics simulations DFT-MD of the (110)-Co3O4 cobalt oxide semiconductor in contact with liquid water, preliminary chemical and physical insights into the electrochemical environment". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLE008.

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Améliorer notre connaissance de la structure de l'eau dans l'environnement spécial offert par une interface est essentiel pour la compréhension de nombreux phénomènes naturels et applications technologiques. Pour révéler cette structure interfaciale de l'eau, des techniques capables de fournir des informations microscopiques, de manière sélective, pour cette couche interfaciale (BIL) sont nécessaires. Dans le présent travail de thèse, nous avons donc étudié les interfaces aqueuses au niveau moléculaire, en couplant la modélisation théorique à partir de simulations DFT-MD avec les spectroscopies SFG et THz-IR. En développant de nouveaux protocoles/outils d'investigation associant simulations DFT-MD et spectroscopie SFG, en particulier pour la rationalisation plus complexe des interfaces chargées, nous avons fourni une compréhension globale de l'effet des conditions interfaciales d'hydrophilicité, de pH, de force ionique sur le réseau des liaisons-H formé dans la couche interfaciale BIL, sur ses signatures spectroscopiques et sur son impact sur les propriétés physico-chimiques. Nous avons montré pour la première fois que, dans des conditions suffisamment hydrophobes, l'eau interfaciale crée des réseaux des liaisons-H bidimensionnels, révélé expérimentalement par les spectres THz-IR. Le réseau-2D dicte la dynamique de l'eau interfaciale, le potentiel de surface, l'acidité de surface, la tension superficielle et la thermodynamique d'hydratation des solutés hydrophobes. Cet "ordre horizontal" aux interfaces hydrophobes est opposé à "l'ordre verticale" obtenu aux interfaces hydrophiles. Nous avons aussi révélé comment les ions et les conditions de pH modifient ces arrangements structuraux Improving our knowledge on water H-Bonded networks formed in the special environment offered by an interface is pivotal for our understanding of many natural phenomena and technological applications. To reveal the interfacial water arrangement, techniques able to provide detailed microscopic information selectively for the interfacial layer are required. In the present thesis work, we have hence investigated aqueous interfaces at the molecular level, by coupling theoretical modeling from DFT-MD simulations with SFG & THz-IR spectroscopies. By developing new investigation protocols/tools, coupling DFT-MD simulations and SFG spectroscopy, in particular for the more complex rationalization of charged interfaces, we have provided a global comprehension of the effect of various interfacial conditions (hydrophilicity, pH, ionic strength) on the HB-Network formed in the interfacial layer (BIL), on its spectroscopic signatures and on its impact on physico-chemical properties. We have shown for the first time that, in sufficiently hydrophobic conditions, BIL interfacial water creates special 2-Dimensional HB-Networks, experimentally revealed by one specific THz-IR marker band. Such 2D-network dictates HBs and orientational dynamics of interfacial water, surface potential, surface acidity, water surface tension and thermodynamics of hydration of hydrophobic solutes. Such "horizontal ordering” of water at hydrophobic interfaces is found opposite to the “vertical ordering” of water at hydrophilic interfaces, while coexistence of the two orders leads to disordered interfacial water in intermediate hydrophilic/hydrophobic conditions. Both DFT-MD and SFG further revealed how ions & pH conditions alter these BIL-water orders

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Kardimis, Théofanis. "La chambre criminelle de la Cour de cassation face à l’article 6 de la Convention européenne des droits de l’homme : étude juridictionnelle comparée (France-Grèce)." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE3004.

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La première partie de l’étude est consacrée à l’invocation, intra et extra muros, du droit à un procès équitable. Sont analysés ainsi, dans un premier temps, l’applicabilité directe de l’article 6 et la subsidiarité de la Convention par rapport au droit national et de la Cour Européenne des Droits de l’Homme par rapport aux juridictions nationales. Le droit à un procès équitable étant un droit jurisprudentiel, l’étude se focalise, dans un second temps, sur l’invocabilité des arrêts de la Cour Européenne et plus précisément sur l’invocabilité directe de l’arrêt qui constate une violation du droit à un procès équitable dans une affaire mettant en cause l’Etat et l’invocabilité de l’interprétation conforme à l’arrêt qui interprète l’article 6 dans une affaire mettant en cause un Etat tiers. L’introduction dans l’ordre juridique français et hellénique de la possibilité de réexamen de la décision pénale définitive rendue en violation de la Convention a fait naitre un nouveau droit d’accès à la Cour de cassation lequel trouve son terrain de prédilection aux violations de l’article 6 et constitue peut-être le pas le plus important pour le respect du droit à un procès équitable après l’acceptation (par la France et la Grèce) du droit de recours individuel. Quant au faible fondement de l’autorité de la chose interprétée par la Cour Européenne, qui est d’ailleurs un concept d’origine communautaire, cela explique pourquoi un dialogue indirect entre la Cour Européenne et la Cour de cassation est possible sans pour autant changer en rien l’invocabilité de l’interprétation conforme et le fait que l’existence d’un précédent oblige la Cour de cassation à motiver l’interprétation divergente qu’elle a adoptée.La seconde partie de l’étude, qui est plus volumineuse, est consacrée aux garanties de bonne administration de la justice (article 6§1), à la présomption d’innocence (article 6§2), aux droits qui trouvent leur fondement conventionnel dans l’article 6§1 mais leur fondement logique dans la présomption d’innocence et aux droits de la défense (article 6§3). Sont ainsi analysés le droit à un tribunal indépendant, impartial et établi par la loi, le délai raisonnable, le principe de l’égalité des armes, le droit à une procédure contradictoire, le droit de la défense d’avoir la parole en dernier, la publicité de l’audience et du prononcé des jugements et arrêts, l’obligation de motivation des décisions, la présomption d’innocence, dans sa dimension procédurale et personnelle, le « droit au mensonge », le droit de l’accusé de se taire et de ne pas contribuer à son auto-incrimination, son droit d’être informé de la nature et de la cause de l’accusation et de la requalification envisagée des faits, son droit au temps et aux facilités nécessaires à la préparation de la défense, y compris notamment la confidentialité de ses communications avec son avocat et le droit d’accès au dossier, son droit de comparaître en personne au procès, le droit de la défense avec ou sans l’assistance d’un avocat, le droit de l’accusé d’être représenté en son absence par son avocat, le droit à l’assistance gratuite d’un avocat lorsque la situation économique de l’accusé ne permet pas le recours à l’assistance d’un avocat mais les intérêts de la justice l’exigent, le droit d’interroger ou faire interroger les témoins à charge et d’obtenir la convocation et l’interrogation des témoins à décharge dans les mêmes conditions que les témoins à charge et le droit à l’interprétation et à la traduction des pièces essentielles du dossier. L’analyse est basée sur la jurisprudence strasbourgeoise et centrée sur la position qu’adoptent la Cour de cassation française et l’Aréopage The first party of the study is dedicated to the invocation of the right to a fair trial intra and extra muros and, on this basis, it focuses on the direct applicability of Article 6 and the subsidiarity of the Convention and of the European Court of Human Rights. Because of the fact that the right to a fair trial is a ‘‘judge-made law’’, the study also focuses on the invocability of the judgments of the European Court and more precisely on the direct invocability of the European Court’s judgment finding that there has been a violation of the Convention and on the request for an interpretation in accordance with the European Court’s decisions. The possibility of reviewing the criminal judgment made in violation of the Convention has generated a new right of access to the Court of cassation which particularly concerns the violations of the right to a fair trial and is probably the most important step for the respect of the right to a fair trial after enabling the right of individual petition. As for the weak conventional basis of the authority of res interpretata (“autorité de la chose interprétée”), this fact explains why an indirect dialogue between the ECHR and the Court of cassation is possible but doesn’t affect the applicant’s right to request an interpretation in accordance with the Court’s decisions and the duty of the Court of cassation to explain why it has decided to depart from the (non-binding) precedent.The second party of the study is bigger than the first one and is dedicated to the guarantees of the proper administration of justice (Article 6§1), the presumption of innocence (Article 6§2), the rights which find their conventional basis on the Article 6§1 but their logical explanation to the presumption of innocence and the rights of defence (Article 6§3). More precisely, the second party of the study is analyzing the right to an independent and impartial tribunal established by law, the right to a hearing within a reasonable time, the principle of equality of arms, the right to adversarial proceedings, the right of the defence to the last word, the right to a public hearing and a public pronouncement of the judgement, the judge’s duty to state the reasons for his decision, the presumption of innocence, in both its procedural and personal dimensions, the accused’s right to lie, his right to remain silent, his right against self-incrimination, his right to be informed of the nature and the cause of the accusation and the potential re-characterisation of the facts, his right to have adequate time and facilities for the preparation of the defence, including in particular the access to the case-file and the free and confidential communication with his lawyer, his right to appear in person at the trial, his right to defend either in person or through legal assistance, his right to be represented by his counsel, his right to free legal aid if he hasn’t sufficient means to pay for legal assistance but the interests of justice so require, his right to examine or have examined witnesses against him and to obtain the attendance and examination of witnesses on his behalf under the same conditions as witnesses against him and his right to the free assistance of an interpreter and to the translation of the key documents. The analysis is based on the decisions of the European Court of Human Rights and focuses on the position taken by the French and the Greek Court of Cassation (Areopagus) on each one of the above mentioned rights

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Brink-Danan, Marcy. "Reference points : text, context and change in definitions of Turkish-Jewish identity /." 2005. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3187265.

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You, Shu-Wei, and 游淑惟. "A Study of Court Decision on Wage Definition-Focusing on the Change of Consideration and Regular Payments." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/6k4me8.

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碩士 國立臺灣大學 法律學研究所 103 Opinions diverge when it comes to whether the term “Regular Payments” is a necessary condition in wage as defined in clause 3 of Article 2 of Labor Standards Act. Due to the fact that the calculation of the Average Wage and other wages are all determined on the basis of wage defined in clause 3 of Article 2 of Labor Standards Act, the definition of wage thus plays an important role in judicial practice. In addition to whether “regular payments” should serve as a necessary condition, the meaning of Consideration and Regular Payments also affect the result of wage evaluation. Therefore, the study first explores the legal cases on the definition of wage by analyzing and summarizing the court judgments related to the standard of Wage evaluation as well as the meaning of Consideration and Regular Payments. Also, the research addresses the opinions from administration and scholars. Lastly, this study attempts to provide some advices on proper standard for wage evaluation, hoping to resolve the disputed legal cases and to serve as references for judicial practical uses in the future.

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Ambrosio, Maria Rosaria. "Glucose-induced gene expression changes in breast cancer cells: a putative role in Tamoxifen responsiveness." Tesi di dottorato, 2015. http://www.fedoa.unina.it/10288/1/AMBROSIO%20MR%20PhD%20THESIS%20%28definitiva%29.pdf.

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Diabetes is one of the most challenging and growing health problems worldwide. Diabetes (mainly type 2; T2D) is an independent risk factor for development of several types of cancer. A great number of epidemiological studies have reported that T2D patients have an increased risk of breast cancer, and up to 16 % of breast cancer patients suffer from T2D or impaired glucose tolerance. The presence of T2D, as cancer-associated comorbidity, is linked to poorer prognosis and survival in breast cancer post-menopausal women. Hyperglycemia, the most important feature of T2D, is known to affect breast cancer cell proliferation. Little is known about the contribution of glucose on breast cancer cell drug resistance. Besides acting on cancer cells, glucose may affect surrounding cells as well as distant cells, which in turn may interfere with anti-cancer drug response. Breast cancer cell growth and/or metastasis predominantly occur as a result of the adipocyte-rich microenvironment in which breast cancer cells are embedded, and reflect a role for adipocytes in tumour maintenance and progression. Adipocytes secrete a variety of adipokines and proinflammatory cytokines that may contribute to drug resistance. Therefore, the aim of this work is to investigate whether and how hyperglycaemia and adipose-derived factors may affect cellular response of breast cancer cell to Tamoxifen, an antagonist of the estrogen receptor (ER), widely used as hormonal treatment of estrogen dependent breast cancer. It was observed that Tamoxifen reduced MCF7 breast cancer (ER+) cell viability by about 50% when cells were cultured in glucose concentration corresponding to normal fasting glucose levels in humans (5.5 mM; Low Glucose-LG). Conversely, MCF7 cell sensitivity to Tamoxifen of was 2-fold reduced when cells were cultured in glucose concentration resembling hyperglycaemia in humans (25 mM; High Glucose-HG). Interestingly, shifting MCF7 cells from HG to LG medium restored their drug sensitivity, whereas the shift from LG to HG medium reduced their responsiveness to Tamoxifen. In addition, MCF7 cell response to Tamoxifen in HG medium was worsened in presence of adipocyte-released factors. Notably, RNA-Sequencing revealed that glucose significantly deregulated gene expression and that 70 cell cycle-related genes were significantly down-regulated when MCF7 cells were shifted from HG to LG medium. Among those genes, CTGF and CYR61 were significantly reduced. Consistently, experimental evidences showed that both genes were overexpressed in MCF7 exposed to HG concentrations or to adipocytes released factors in HG concentrations. On the opposite, CTGF and CYR61 gene expression was reduced in MCF7 cells shifted from HG to LG concentrations. Interestingly, CTGF, while not CYR61, gene silencing significantly increased Tamoxifen sensitivity of MCF7 cells in HG medium. Hence, CTGF may be a novel diabetes associated predictive marker for chemo-sensitivity and may represent a potential therapeutic target to overcome Tamoxifen resistance, improving survival of T2D patients affected by breast cancer.

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Severin, Meredith Anne. "Green jobs in British Columbia : transitioning toward a low-carbon economy." 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10170/706.

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In terms of sustainability, climate change has defined the last decade, underlining the need for a rigorous assessment of the intersection between economic and social development and environmental sustainability. This project's objectives were to define "green job" and to identify existing baselines and projections on the green economy across a selection of published reports. These findings were then examined further by interviewing representatives from the associated organisations seeking a better understanding of parameters, methodologies and policy stances on the green economy. A mixed methods approach triangulated data to gain a clearer understanding of BC's green economy. Findings confirmed a lack of consensus on definition but shed light on a range of parameters and resulting complexities. Methodologies varied, producing incongruent data that made comparisons challenging but, although the sample was relatively small, organizational mandates did fall in line with their respective estimates of the magnitude of the green economy in BC.

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Oliveira, João Carlos Nunes. "Definition and application of an external employer branding strategy framework: Associação Académica de Coimbra – O.A.F." Master's thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/24409.

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Today, companies are fighting for the best talent in the market, recognizing their workforce as a competitive advantage. However, talent is scarce and organizations need to find ways to attract, develop and retain their employees. Employer Branding is the concept behind this idea and is the key strategy for companies to succeed in this “war of talent”. This project aims to define an Employer Branding strategy, focused on the external dimension, applied to Associação Académica de Coimbra – Organismo Autónomo de Futebol, which is struggling financially. It emerges from the current situation of the organization and from some internal changes already in progress, and it focus not only on specific recommendations but mainly on the development of a full strategic framework to adopt. To solve this challenge, an internal analysis was carried out through meetings, discussion sessions, surveys, interviews, and job experience, complemented with the outside perspective of professionals and with literature, both on Employer Branding and Strategic Planning. The results are summarized in two main points: (1) the construction of a strategic framework; and (2) on its application to the club’s reality. It allowed to define the fundamentals of Académica and set the long-term vision and goals it wants to achieve with this strategy. Thereafter, they were translated in specific initiatives and in measurement indicators, being fully detailed on their concept, timeline, logistics, investment required and expected return. This strategy for Académica was set in full alignment with its needs and reality, covering simple and pragmatic initiatives, guaranteeing its feasibility. Atualmente, as empresas lutam pelo melhor talento no mercado, reconhecendo nos colaboradores uma possível vantagem competitiva. No entanto, o talento é escasso e as organizações precisam de encontrar formas de atrair, desenvolver e reter os seus colaboradores. O Employer Branding é o conceito por trás desta ideia e é a estratégia certa para as organizações que pretendem ter sucesso nesta "guerra de talento". Este projeto visa definir uma estratégia de Employer Branding externo, aplicada à Associação Académica de Coimbra - Organismo Autónomo de Futebol, que se encontra em dificuldades financeiras. O projeto surge da situação atual da organização e de mudanças internas já a decorrer, tendo o seu foco não só em recomendações específicas, mas também no desenvolvimento de uma estratégia a implementar. Para solucionar este desafio, foi efetuada uma análise interna através de reuniões, questionários, entrevistas e experiência profissional, complementada com literatura e uma perspetiva externa de profissionais, tanto sobre Employer Branding como sobre Planeamento Estratégico. Os resultados podem ser resumidos em dois pontos principais: (1) a construção de um plano estratégico; e (2) a sua aplicação à realidade da Académica. Este processo permitiu definir os pilares do clube e estabelecer a visão e objetivos a longo prazo a alcançar com esta estratégia. Foram posteriormente traduzidos em ações específicas e em indicadores de avaliação, sendo detalhados no seu conceito, tempo, logística, investimento e retorno esperado. Esta estratégia foi estabelecida em total alinhamento com as necessidades e realidade do clube, abrangendo iniciativas simples e pragmáticas, que garantam a sua viabilidade.

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Matoushaya, Takudzwa Leon. "BEPS Action 7 – The impact that changes to the PE definition will have on the manner in which multinational enterprises conduct cross-border business." Thesis, 2017. https://hdl.handle.net/10539/24372.

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A research report submitted to the Faculty of Commerce, Law and Management in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Commerce (specialising in Taxation) 13 April 2017 ‘The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Action Plan on Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (BEPS), is designed to prevent multinational businesses achieving nontaxation on profits or artificially shifting profits across borders to exploit lower corporate income tax rates’ (KPMG, 2014, p 5). ‘The OECD’s BEPS Action Plan, launched in July of 2013 and endorsed by the G20, included 15 key areas for identifying and curbing aggressive tax planning and practices and modernizing the international tax system’ (KPMG, 2013). It can be argued that the aim of the ‘OECD Action Plan on BEPS’ is to make provision for G20 countries, OECD countries and all other interested stakeholders to come together on an equal footing to inter alia develop new international tax rules. One of the key focus areas of the ‘OECD Action Plan on BEPS’, is ‘Preventing the Artificial Avoidance of Permanent Establishment Status - Action 7'. ‘The aim of Action 7 is to develop changes to the definition of a permanent establishment (PE) to prevent abuses of that threshold, including through the use of commissionaire arrangements and the specific activity exemptions to avoid PE status where core activities are involved’ (KPMG, 2015, p 14). The technical arguments to be argued for the purposes of this research report will inter alia involve commenting on commissionaire arrangements and how such arrangements have been problematic for international tax rules in their current form. In addressing the problems inherent in the definition of a PE, ‘Preventing the Artificial Avoidance of Permanent Establishment Status - Action 7' specifically proposes changes to Articles 5(5) and 5(6) of the ‘OECD Model Tax Convention’ which seek to revamp the dependent agent rule. The specific activity exceptions in Article 5(4) have also been further clarified in the OECD commentary on the ‘OECD Model Tax Convention’ through the inclusion of an explanation of the activities that will be considered as being preparatory or auxiliary in nature, as well as supporting examples which help illustrate the meaning of the said terms. ii In addition, the PE rule for construction projects set out in Article 5(3) will now include a principal purposes test, as well the addition of an example illustrating the application of the principal purposes test in the OECD commentary on the ‘OECD Model Tax Convention’ dealing with Article 5(3). ‘On 5 October 2015, the OECD issued a final package of reports in connection with its Action Plan to address BEPS, as well as a plan for follow-up work and a timetable for implementation. Many countries have already adopted or are poised to adopt changes to their international tax systems based on the OECD recommendations. While implementation and timing will vary across borders, this final OECD release marks a crucial shift from the recommendation and consultation phase of BEPS to legislation and implementation’ (KPMG, 2015, p 2). Key Words: ‘Action 7’, Article 5, ‘BEPS Action Plan’, Commissionaire Arrangements, Dependent Agent, Multinational Enterprises, ‘OECD Model Tax Convention’, PE. GR2018

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Pivoda, Tomáš. "Mnohost bytí: Ontologie Alaina Badioua." Doctoral thesis, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-308479.

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Tomáš Pivoda, The Multiplicity of Being: The Ontology of Alain Badiou PhD thesis Abstract The thesis introduces for the first time in the Czech philosophical context the ontology of the French philosopher Alain Badiou, as he set it out in his fundamental work Being and Event (L'être et l'événement, 1988). It first presents the starting point of Badiou's philosophy as well as the reasons of his identification of ontology with the set theory, and it points out Badiou's importance for contemporary philosophy, especially for the so called speculative realism around Quentin Meillassoux. The main axis of the exposition is then built around Badiou's four fundamental "Ideas": the multiplicity, the event, the truths and the subject, in connection with which it is shown how Badiou constructs his conceptual apparatus out of individual axioms of the set theory, whereby he follows the basic formal definition of multiplicity based on the operator . In connection with∈ the first Idea of multiplicity, the thesis exposes - with references to Martin Heidegger and Plato - Badiou's conceptual transposition of the couple one/multiple on the couple existence/being and defines the fundamental concepts of his ontology - the situation, the presentation, the representation and the void, with the help of which Badiou interprets...

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Charge definition'

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