Relevant bibliographies by topics / Charge energie

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Charge energie'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 2 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Charge energie"

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Pontana, F., J. B. Faivre, M. Rémy-Jardin, T. Flohr, I. Tillie-Leblond, V. Pansini, and J. Rémy. "Perfusion en scanner double energie : application a la prise en charge de l’embolie pulmonaire." Journal de Radiologie 88, no. 10 (October 2007): 1388. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0221-0363(07)81126-7.

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Susanti, Endang. "PERANCANGAN SOLAR CELL SEBAGAI SUMBER ENERGI LISTRIK ALTERNATIF UNTUK PENERANGAN LOBBY FAKULTAS TEKNIK UNIVERSITAS RIAU KEPULAUAN." SIGMA TEKNIKA 2, no. 2 (November 30, 2019): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.33373/sigma.v2i2.2048.

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Electricity is one of the most important needs of the community electricity shorttages are very disturbing human activities as well as the University of Riau Islands campus is very dependent on electricity supply from PLN, because this campus conducts tearning activities at night, the current energy is mustly fulfilled by fosil fuel energy such as petroleum, coal and natural gas but the supply of this energie is decreasing, PLN which as a supply of electricity is very dependent on fossil fuels so that PLN can at any time turn out blackouts on the campus of the University of Riau Islands very disturbed with the rilling blackout because the campus will be dark.there needs to be alternative energy at least illuminating as long as the electricity from PLN is on, this research and design is to build asolar electricity supply sistem to help temporary lighting in this design. PLTS is utilized as Alternative electrical energy to illuminatethe lobby of the Faculty of engineering Universitas Riau.Byusing50Wp solar cell panel,charge controller to maintain the stability of the sistem and 42 Ah batrtery, by using this sistem Dc lamps as a load of 54 Watt batrei capacitycan be lit during a blackout from the PLN.
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Kuo, S. P., and M. C. Lee. "Acceleration of charged particles by large-amplitude electromagnetic waves." Journal of Plasma Physics 52, no. 2 (October 1994): 339–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022377800017943.

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The fundamental process of acceleration of charged particles by large-amplitude electromagnetic waves is investigated. Exact analytical solutions can be derived from the nonlinear equations that govern the motion of charged particles in wave fields. It is found that circularly polarized electromagnetic waves can act on the charged particles via α d.c. Lorentz force imposed by the wave fields. This process can effectively energize charged particles that may initially have low energies.
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Brenac, A., F. Chandezon, H. Lebius, A. Pesnelle, S. Tomita, and B. A. Huber. "Multifragmentation of Highly Charged C60 Ions: Charge States and Fragment Energies." Physica Scripta T80, B (1999): 195. http://dx.doi.org/10.1238/physica.topical.080a00195.

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Firląg, Szymon, Agnieszka Kaliszuk-Wietecka, and Bartosz Witkowski. "The influence of climate change on the energy performance and thermal comfort in building." BUILDER 274, no. 5 (April 24, 2020): 56–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.0539.

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Wpływ zmian klimatu na charakterystykę energetyczną i komfort cieplny budynku. Obserwowane obecnie ocieplenie klimatu powoduje, ze zmienia się zapotrzebowanie budynków na energię oraz komfort ich użytkowników. Wiąże się to z koniecznością modyfikacji systemów instalacji cieplnych i stosowania systemów klimatyzacji. W artykule opisano przeprowadzone symulacje zmieniających się temperatur w poszczególnych strefach przykładowego budynku oraz jego zapotrzebowania na energię na potrzeby wentylacji, ogrzewania i klimatyzacji związanych z prognozowanymi zmianami temperatur zewnętrznych. Uzyskane wyniki pokazują zmniejszające się zapotrzebowanie energii na ogrzewanie oraz jej rosnące zapotrzebowanie na chłodzenie. Jest to szczególnie istotne dla projektantów zarówno architektów i konstruktorów jak i instalatorów, którzy będą musieli zmierzyć w swoich projektach ze zmieniającymi się warunkami klimatycznymi.
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Gryn'ova, Ganna, and Michelle L. Coote. "Directionality and the Role of Polarization in Electric Field Effects on Radical Stability." Australian Journal of Chemistry 70, no. 4 (2017): 367. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch16579.

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Accurate quantum-chemical calculations are used to analyze the effects of charges on the kinetics and thermodynamics of radical reactions, with specific attention given to the origin and directionality of the effects. Conventionally, large effects of the charges are expected to occur in systems with pronounced charge-separated resonance contributors. The nature (stabilization or destabilization) and magnitude of these effects thus depend on the orientation of the interacting multipoles. However, we show that a significant component of the stabilizing effects of the external electric field is largely independent of the orientation of external electric field (e.g. a charged functional group, a point charge, or an electrode) and occurs even in the absence of any pre-existing charge separation. This effect arises from polarization of the electron density of the molecule induced by the electric field. This polarization effect is greater for highly delocalized species such as resonance-stabilized radicals and transition states of radical reactions. We show that this effect on the stability of such species is preserved in chemical reaction energies, leading to lower bond-dissociation energies and barrier heights. Finally, our simplified modelling of the diol dehydratase-catalyzed 1,2-hydroxyl shift indicates that such stabilizing polarization is likely to contribute to the catalytic activity of enzymes.
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McKenzie, M. L., and R. E. Olson. "Ionization and charge exchange in multiply-charged-ion–helium collisions at intermediate energies." Physical Review A 35, no. 7 (April 1, 1987): 2863–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physreva.35.2863.

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Jabbar, Rashid Hashim. "Enhancement of the Concept of Charge-Energy." International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation 24, no. 5 (April 20, 2020): 3971–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.37200/ijpr/v24i5/pr2020107.

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Rubehn, Th, R. Bassini, M. Begemann-Blaich, Th Blaich, A. Ferrero, C. Gro\S, G. Immé, et al. "Charge pickup ofU238at relativistic energies." Physical Review C 53, no. 2 (February 1, 1996): 993–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevc.53.993.

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Huang, Qian-Rui, Jennifer R. Kingham, and Nikolas Kaltsoyannis. "The strength of actinide–element bonds from the quantum theory of atoms-in-molecules." Dalton Transactions 44, no. 6 (2015): 2554–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4dt02323d.

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Excellent correlation is found between standard QTAIM metrics and An–N bond lengths, and with N–N bond lengths and vibrational frequencies, but much poorer correlations exist with An–N and An–O interaction energies. Superior correlations are found between interaction energies and the change in the QTAIM charge on compound formation.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Charge energie"

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Doyen-Lang, Sandrine. "Transfert de charge dans les composés d'insertion du graphite et du fullerène." Metz, 1993. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/1993/Doyen_Lang.Sandrine.SMZ933.pdf.

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Cette thèse est consacrée à l'étude théorique des propriétés électroniques et plus particulièrement du transfert de charge dans les composés d'insertion du graphite et du fullerène (LiC6CaC6, SrC6, BaC6, SmC6, EuC6, YbC6, RbR8, CsC8, KC2, KC3, KC6 et KC8, Cs3C60, Rb3C60, K3C60, RbK2C60, CsK2C60, KRb2C60, CsRb2C60 et RbCs2C60). L'énergie (cinétique+potentielle+madelung) des composés est calculée en fonction de l'ionicité, le minimum d'énergie nous donnant la valeur de l'ionicité pour laquelle le composé est le plus stable, cette valeur correspond au transfert de charge du composé. Le transfert de charge est calculé pour l'ensemble des composés ainsi que leurs énergies de cohésion (les différentes énergies correspondant aux transformations successives du composé lors de sa formation y sont evaluées). Enfin l'évolution de ce même transfert de charge en fonction de différents paramètres physiques (concentration de l'inséré et température critique de supraconductivité) y est étudiée
In this thesis we study the electronical properties and in particular the charge transfer of some grpahite and fullerene intercalation compounds (LiC6CaC6, SrC6, BaC6, SmC6, EuC6, YbC6, RbR8, CsC8, KC2, KC3, KC6 et KC8, Cs3C60, Rb3C60, K3C60, RbK2C60, CsK2C60, KRb2C60, CsRb2C60 et RbCs2C60). The energy (kinetic + potential+Madelung) of the compounds is calculated as a function of the ionicity, the minimum of energy gives the value of the ionicity corresponding to the most stable state which corresponds to the charge transfer. The charge transfer is calculated for all those compounds. The cohesive energy is also calculated (by taking in account the different values corresponding to the successive transformations of the compound during his formation. Finally the evolution of charge transfer as a function of physical parameters (intercalated metal concentration and critical temperature of superconductivity) is studied
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Concina, Bruno. "Effets de l'énergie interne sur l'évaporation unimoléculaire, la photoévaporation et la fission de petits agrégats atomiques : Approches expérimentales et théoriques." Paris 11, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA112185.

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Cette thèse est consacrée aux effets de température sur l'évaporation et la fission de petits agrégats atomiques. L'étude de l'énergie cinétique libérée par évaporation unimoléculaire a été menée sur de petits agrégats de sodium et de strontium. Elle permet de caractériser de manière fine le phénomène même d'évaporation. Ainsi, la comparaison entre l'expérience et un modèle statistique met en évidence les effets dus à la rotation de l'agrégat fils et à l'anharmonicité de ses vibrations (dans le cas des agrégats de sodium). Nous avons également étudié le rôle de la position de l'état de transition (pour les agrégats de strontium). Nous avons prolongé cette étude par celle de l'énergie cinétique libérée par photoévaporation de petits agrégats de strontium : les mesures sont comparées aux prédictions d'un modèle statistique qui décrit les cascades de photoévaporations en tenant compte de la distribution d'énergie interne des agrégats. Tout comme l'absorption d'un photon, l'interaction avec un atome peut donner lieu à un dépôt d'énergie. Certaines collisions d'échange de charge entre agrégats d'alcalins doublement chargés et atomes alcalins en sont un exemple. Nous avons estimé le dépôt d'énergie associé à ces échanges de charge par l'analyse de l'évaporation post collisionnelle. Cette thèse a également porté sur la fission d'agrégats d'alcalins doublement chargés. Nous avons déterminé expérimentalement l'importance relative des canaux de fission. Celle-ci ne peut être expliquée de manière satisfaisante que grâce à la prise en compte d'effets thermodynamiques
This thesis deals with the temperature effects on the evaporation and the fission of small atomic clusters. The study of the kinetic energy released by unimolecular evaporation has been carried out on small sodium and strontium clusters. It allows the detailed characterization of the evaporation process. The comparison between the experiment and a statistical model shows the effects due to the sub-cluster rotation and the anharmonicity of its vibrations (in the case of sodium clusters). We have also studied the role of the transition state position (for strontium clusters). As an extension of this work, we have studied the kinetic energy released by photoevaporation of small strontium clusters : the measurements are compared to the predictions deduced from a statistical model. This model describes the series of photoevaporations taking into account the internal energy distribution of the clusters. Like for a photon absorption, the interaction with an atom can lead to an energy deposit. It is the case of some charge exchange collisions between doubly charged alkaline clusters and alkaline atoms. We have evaluated the energy deposit associated to these charge exchanges by the analysis of the post-collision evaporation. This thesis also deals with the fission of doubly charged clusters of alkaline atoms. We have experimentally determined the relative weight of the fission channels. These results are explained by thermodynamical effects
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Nepor, František. "Laboratorní elektronická zátěž s USB rozhraním." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-219138.

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Design and realisation of electronic regulated ballast with USB interface. The ballast has three functions: constant I, constant U and constant R. This device is intended for example to measure discharge curves of accumulators.
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BRAGA, DELFIN. "ETUDE DES PHENOMENES DE CHARGE DES MATERIAUX ISOLANTS SOUS FAISCEAU D'ELECTRONS DE BASSE ENERGIE (200 eV - 30 keV)." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00004341.

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Les phénomènes de charge des isolants ont été étudiés à l'aide d'un microscope électronique à balayage qui permet d'injecter de très faibles doses d'électrons dans une large gamme d'énergie et de mesurer simultanément l'émission électronique secondaire et la charge générée dans le matériau par influence. Les résultats obtenus ont permis de montrer que le rendement électronique secondaire est un bon moyen de caractériser l'état de charge d'un isolant et de classer ces matériaux en deux grandes classes selon leur capacité à relaxer les charges générées : · Les "piégeurs", de fortes résistivités, piégent de manière stable les charges pendant des mois. · Les "conductifs", de résistivités plus faibles, relaxent les charges plus ou moins rapidement selon la densité et la mobilité des charges intrinsèques au matériau. Les résultats obtenus ont également montré que le paramètre fondamental qui contrôle la cinétique de charge des isolants est la densité de courant primaire J0. Pour les "piégeurs", différents régimes de charge (autorégulé, vieillissement, dégradation) fonction de la densité de courant J0 et du domaine d'énergie considéré ont été observés. L'étude des "conductifs" a révélé l'existence d'un courant permanent au sein de ces matériaux, caractérisé par le rendement stationnaire qui permet de fixer la valeur limite de J0 que peut supporter un "conductif" sans accumulation de charges. Ces résultats ont permis de définir quel type de matériau devait être utilisé d'un point de vue électrique pour réduire voire annuler la déviation des électrons par les espaceurs des écrans plats à effet champ, mais aussi de mettre en place une nouvelle voie d'exploration du champ interne produit par polarisation thermique d'échantillons vitreux. Nous avons également développé une nouvelle voie d'exploration de l'évolution spatio-temporelle des charges piégées sur les isolants "piégeurs" grâce à l'utilisation d'un microscope à force électrostatique. Les premiers résultats montrent la grande stabilité des charges au sein de ces matériaux.
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Leclaire, Thomas. "Entwicklung eines Verfahrens zur Erzeugung monodisperser Partikel mit definierter elektrischer Ladung / Development of a method for generating monodisperse particles having a predefined electrical charge." Gerhard-Mercator-Universitaet Duisburg, 2005. http://www.ub.uni-duisburg.de/ETD-db/theses/available/duett-11082005-180328/.

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Theoretical models describing the kinetic and evaporation as well as the electrical charge of droplets in a droplet chain generated by a vibrating orifice generator are presented. The models are verified by experimental results. Droplet charge and the electrical current transported by the droplet chain are correlated with the length of the liquid jet. Based on these results, an apparatus for generating neutral or predefined charged particles has been developed, whereby not only the average charge of the particle collective, but also the charge of individual droplets can be defined. The applicability in generating solid particle aerosols by jet dispersion of solutions are disclosed.
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FLORESCU, ANCA-IRINA. "Traitement semiclassique de l'echange de charge vibronique dans les collisions ion-molecule a basse energie (1-100 ev/u. M. A. )." Paris 11, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA112205.

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Le present travail constitue une etude theorique des processus d'excitation vibrationnelle et d'echange de charge vibronique dans les collisions ion-molecule dans le domaine d'energie 1-100 ev/u. M. A. , par une methode semiclassique multitrajectoire (mscmt). Cette methode est d'abord introduite dans le contexte de l'approximation infinite-order-sudden (ios: mouvement relatif ion-molecule unidimensionnel), puis est generalisee a trois dimensions dans le cadre de l'approximation du rotateur gele. La methode semiclassique multitrajectoire elimine le dilemme du choix de la trajectoire classique, inherent aux traitements semiclassiques anterieurs, en prescrivant: (i) une trajectoire par paire d'etats couples et (ii) une trajectoire pour le facteur de phase accompagnant chaque amplitude de probabilite. La methode est appliquee aux systemes h#+ + o#2 et h#+ + h#2. Dans le premier cas les surfaces de potentiel utilisees proviennent d'une methode de potentiel modele effectif. Dans le second cas les surfaces de potentiel sont d'abord obtenues par une methode dimzo puis corrigees par comparaison avec un calcul ab initio. Les resultats obtenus (probabilites de transition en fonction du parametre d'impact, sections efficaces differentielles etat-a-etat) sont compares a des calculs anterieurs (quantiques ios, semiclassiques monotrajectoire) et a des donnees experimentales. Toutes ces comparaisons prouvent que la mscmt est la plus performante parmi les methodes semiclassiques existantes et, dans sa variante unidimensionnelle, equivalente a la methode quantique ios
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Ali, Ahmad Mouhamad. "Energie de surface de nanoparticules de TiO2-anatase. Mesure des effets de taille, morphologie et cristallinité par molécules sondes." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON20182/document.

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Afin d'étudier la granulo- et la morpho-dépendance des propriétés d'énergies de surface de solides divisés, plusieurs lots de TiO2 anatase ont été synthétisés. Une série de matériaux parfaitement définis avec des morphologies allant de sphéroïdale à facettée, dans des gammes de tailles allant de 4 à 20 nm a été obtenue grâce aux modifications de conditions de pH et la présence d'acides organiques. La combinaison de différentes molécules sonde a permis de déterminer l'hétérogénéité énergétique superficielle de ces matériaux, aux interfaces solide/gaz et solide/liquide. La volumétrie de quasi-équilibre à basse pression (N2/Ar) couplée à la méthode de modélisation DIS et la microcalorimétrie à écoulement de gaz (NH3) ont mis en évidence les contributions des différentes faces cristallographiques et les effets de la cristallinité. Ces mêmes propriétés ont été analysées grâce à la titration potentiométrique en milieu aqueux (H+/OH-), couplée à la procédure TDIS (détermination du PCN et des distributions d'affinité de protons). Cette stratégie a permis une étude complète des propriétés superficielles énergétiques et géométriques des nanomatériaux
In order to study the relationships between the particle size, the morphology and the surface energy properties of divided solids, several batches of TiO2 anatase were synthesized. A series of materials with morphologies ranging from spheroidal to well faceted, with particle sizes ranging from 4 to 20 nm were obtained by adjusting the pH conditions and the presence of organic acids. The surface heterogeneity of these materials, at solid/gas and solid/liquid interfaces, was studied by combining various molecular probes. The low pressure quasi-equilibrium adsorption volumetry (N2/Ar) coupled with the DIS modeling approach and the flow adsorption microcalorimetry (NH3) have evidenced the various contributions of crystallographic faces and the effect of the crystallinity. These properties have also been analyzed using potentiometric titration in aqueous medium (H+/OH-), coupled with the TDIS procedure, to determine PZC and proton affinity distributions. Such a strategy has led to a complete study of the energetic and geometric surface properties of these nanomaterials
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Widmer, Johannes. "Charge transport and energy levels in organic semiconductors." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-154918.

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Organic semiconductors are a new key technology for large-area and flexible thin-film electronics. They are deposited as thin films (sub-nanometer to micrometer) on large-area substrates. The technologically most advanced applications are organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) and organic photovoltaics (OPV). For the improvement of performance and efficiency, correct modeling of the electronic processes in the devices is essential. Reliable characterization and validation of the electronic properties of the materials is simultaneously required for the successful optimization of devices. Furthermore, understanding the relations between material structures and their key characteristics opens the path for innovative material and device design. In this thesis, two material characterization methods are developed, respectively refined and applied: a novel technique for measuring the charge carrier mobility μ and a way to determine the ionization energy IE or the electron affinity EA of an organic semiconductor. For the mobility measurements, a new evaluation approach for space-charge limited current (SCLC) measurements in single carrier devices is developed. It is based on a layer thickness variation of the material under investigation. In the \"potential mapping\" (POEM) approach, the voltage as a function of the device thickness V(d) at a given current density is shown to coincide with the spatial distribution of the electric potential V(x) in the thickest device. On this basis, the mobility is directly obtained as function of the electric field F and the charge carrier density n. The evaluation is model-free, i.e. a model for μ(F, n) to fit the measurement data is not required, and the measurement is independent of a possible injection barrier or potential drop at non-optimal contacts. The obtained μ(F, n) function describes the effective average mobility of free and trapped charge carriers. This approach realistically describes charge transport in energetically disordered materials, where a clear differentiation between trapped and free charges is impossible or arbitrary. The measurement of IE and EA is performed by characterizing solar cells at varying temperature T. In suitably designed devices based on a bulk heterojunction (BHJ), the open-circuit voltage Voc is a linear function of T with negative slope in the whole measured range down to 180K. The extrapolation to temperature zero V0 = Voc(T → 0K) is confirmed to equal the effective gap Egeff, i.e. the difference between the EA of the acceptor and the IE of the donor. The successive variation of different components of the devices and testing their influence on V0 verifies the relation V0 = Egeff. On this basis, the IE or EA of a material can be determined in a BHJ with a material where the complementary value is known. The measurement is applied to a number of material combinations, confirming, refining, and complementing previously reported values from ultraviolet photo electron spectroscopy (UPS) and inverse photo electron spectroscopy (IPES). These measurements are applied to small molecule organic semiconductors, including mixed layers. In blends of zinc-phthalocyanine (ZnPc) and C60, the hole mobility is found to be thermally and field activated, as well as increasing with charge density. Varying the mixing ratio, the hole mobility is found to increase with increasing ZnPc content, while the effective gap stays unchanged. A number of further materials and material blends are characterized with respect to hole and electron mobility and the effective gap, including highly diluted donor blends, which have been little investigated before. In all materials, a pronounced field activation of the mobility is observed. The results enable an improved detailed description of the working principle of organic solar cells and support the future design of highly efficient and optimized devices
Organische Halbleiter sind eine neue Schlüsseltechnologie für großflächige und flexible Dünnschichtelektronik. Sie werden als dünne Materialschichten (Sub-Nanometer bis Mikrometer) auf großflächige Substrate aufgebracht. Die technologisch am weitesten fortgeschrittenen Anwendungen sind organische Leuchtdioden (OLEDs) und organische Photovoltaik (OPV). Zur weiteren Steigerung von Leistungsfähigkeit und Effizienz ist die genaue Modellierung elektronischer Prozesse in den Bauteilen von grundlegender Bedeutung. Für die erfolgreiche Optimierung von Bauteilen ist eine zuverlässige Charakterisierung und Validierung der elektronischen Materialeigenschaften gleichermaßen erforderlich. Außerdem eröffnet das Verständnis der Zusammenhänge zwischen Materialstruktur und -eigenschaften einen Weg für innovative Material- und Bauteilentwicklung. Im Rahmen dieser Dissertation werden zwei Methoden für die Materialcharakterisierung entwickelt, verfeinert und angewandt: eine neuartige Methode zur Messung der Ladungsträgerbeweglichkeit μ und eine Möglichkeit zur Bestimmung der Ionisierungsenergie IE oder der Elektronenaffinität EA eines organischen Halbleiters. Für die Beweglichkeitsmessungen wird eine neue Auswertungsmethode für raumladungsbegrenzte Ströme (SCLC) in unipolaren Bauteilen entwickelt. Sie basiert auf einer Schichtdickenvariation des zu charakterisierenden Materials. In einem Ansatz zur räumlichen Abbildung des elektrischen Potentials (\"potential mapping\", POEM) wird gezeigt, dass das elektrische Potential als Funktion der Schichtdicke V(d) bei einer gegebenen Stromdichte dem räumlichen Verlauf des elektrischen Potentials V(x) im dicksten Bauteil entspricht. Daraus kann die Beweglichkeit als Funktion des elektrischen Felds F und der Ladungsträgerdichte n berechnet werden. Die Auswertung ist modellfrei, d.h. ein Modell zum Angleichen der Messdaten ist für die Berechnung von μ(F, n) nicht erforderlich. Die Messung ist außerdem unabhängig von einer möglichen Injektionsbarriere oder einer Potentialstufe an nicht-idealen Kontakten. Die gemessene Funktion μ(F, n) beschreibt die effektive durchschnittliche Beweglichkeit aller freien und in Fallenzuständen gefangenen Ladungsträger. Dieser Zugang beschreibt den Ladungstransport in energetisch ungeordneten Materialien realistisch, wo eine klare Unterscheidung zwischen freien und Fallenzuständen nicht möglich oder willkürlich ist. Die Messung von IE und EA wird mithilfe temperaturabhängiger Messungen an Solarzellen durchgeführt. In geeigneten Bauteilen mit einem Mischschicht-Heteroübergang (\"bulk heterojunction\" BHJ) ist die Leerlaufspannung Voc im gesamten Messbereich oberhalb 180K eine linear fallende Funktion der Temperatur T. Es kann bestätigt werden, dass die Extrapolation zum Temperaturnullpunkt V0 = Voc(T → 0K) mit der effektiven Energielücke Egeff , d.h. der Differenz zwischen EA des Akzeptor-Materials und IE des Donator-Materials, übereinstimmt. Die systematische schrittweise Variation einzelner Bestandteile der Solarzellen und die Überprüfung des Einflusses auf V0 bestätigen die Beziehung V0 = Egeff. Damit kann die IE oder EA eines Materials bestimmt werden, indem man es in einem BHJ mit einem Material kombiniert, dessen komplementärer Wert bekannt ist. Messungen per Ultraviolett-Photoelektronenspektroskopie (UPS) und inverser Photoelektronenspektroskopie (IPES) werden damit bestätigt, präzisiert und ergänzt. Die beiden entwickelten Messmethoden werden auf organische Halbleiter aus kleinen Molekülen einschließlich Mischschichten angewandt. In Mischschichten aus Zink-Phthalocyanin (ZnPc) und C60 wird eine Löcherbeweglichkeit gemessen, die sowohl thermisch als auch feld- und ladungsträgerdichteaktiviert ist. Wenn das Mischverhältnis variiert wird, steigt die Löcherbeweglichkeit mit zunehmendem ZnPc-Anteil, während die effektive Energielücke unverändert bleibt. Verschiedene weitere Materialien und Materialmischungen werden hinsichtlich Löcher- und Elektronenbeweglichkeit sowie ihrer Energielücke charakterisiert, einschließlich bisher wenig untersuchter hochverdünnter Donator-Systeme. In allen Materialien wird eine deutliche Feldaktivierung der Beweglichkeit beobachtet. Die Ergebnisse ermöglichen eine verbesserte Beschreibung der detaillierten Funktionsweise organischer Solarzellen und unterstützen die künftige Entwicklung hocheffizienter und optimierter Bauteile
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Žák, Jaromír. "Návrh a optimalizace senzorických systémů využívajících malovýkonových napájecích generátorů." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-234527.

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Dissertation thesis is focused on using alternative energy sources called energy harvesting. This thesis offers a solution to problems with autonomous powering of sensor networks if primary power source recovery is impossible. In these cases, energy of the external power (e.g. temperature, light, motion) should be used. Proposed solution should be especially used in the field of medical applications (e.g. cochlear implants, pacemakers, insulin pumps). Long time monitoring of the personal health status is also possible when employing automated sensor systems. In this work, there is state of art review relating to the low power energy sources for an alternative powering of sensor systems. It was observed that existing systems are almost prepared for the implementation of energy harvesting power sources. The energy harvesting power sources have been developed by numerous researcher teams around the world, but there are only a few variants of power management circuits for effective energy gaining, storing and using. This area has a huge potential for the next research. The issues regarding to the distribution of gained energy are solved on the complex level in the thesis. For these purposes, a new simulation model of the whole system (fully implantable artificial cochlea) including its subcircuits was developed in the SPICE environment. It connects independent subcircuits into a single comprehensive model. Using this model, a few novel principles for energy distribution (e.g. Charge Push Through technique) was developed. In the near future, these techniques are also applicable to the design of versatile sensor systems.
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Heinrichová, Patricie. "Fotogenerace náboje v organických polovodičích." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-233406.

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The interest in the detail knowledge about elementary electronic processes during photogeneration of charge carriers, which allow achieving higher efficiency of organic solar cells, grows with advent of the commercial organic solar cells production. The thesis is focused on study of photogeneration of charge carriers in organic semiconductors, especially in -conjugated polymer materials. First part of the thesis summarized state of the art in studies of photogeneration of charge carriers in polymer solar cells. Subsequent experimental and results part are focused on study of polymeric solar cells prepared from electron donor polymers MDMO-PPV, Tg-PPV, PCDTBT and PCBTDPP and electron acceptor derivates of fullerenes PC60BM and PC70BM. Results of the thesis are divided in tree main parts: 1) study of charge transfer between electron donor and electron acceptor materials by optical methods, 2) study of charge transfer between electron donor and electron acceptor materials by optoelectrical methods and 3) development of organic solar cells on flexible substrates. The last part is focused largely on deposition methods of active materials thin layer.
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Books on the topic "Charge energie"

1

Density waves in solids. Reading, Mass: Addison-Wesley Pub. Co., Advanced Book Program, 1994.

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Tosey, Paul. Energies: A perspective on organisation and change. Guildford: Human Potential Research Group, University of Surrey, 1996.

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Atomic charges, bond properties, and molecular energies. Hoboken, N.J: Wiley, 2009.

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Fliszár, Sándor. Atomic Charges, Bond Properties, and Molecular Energies. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470405918.

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Dutton, Jane E. Energize Your Workplace. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., 2003.

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Energie und Klima: Chancen, Risiken, Mythen. Renningen: Expert Verlag, 2013.

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Renewable energy: Sustainable concepts for the energy change. 2nd ed. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH, 2013.

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Ruth, Schroeder, ed. The power of positivity: Eighty ways to energize your life. Mission, KS: SkillPath Publications, 1997.

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Cucinotta, Francis A. Energy-loss cross sections for inclusive charge-exchange reactions at intermediate energies. Hampton, Va: Langley Research Center, 1993.

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Paradox--the next strategic dimension: Using conflict to re-energize your business. London: McGraw-Hill, 1996.

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Book chapters on the topic "Charge energie"

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Gooch, Jan W. "Energy Charge." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 890. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_13657.

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Wickens, Peter. "Energised Change." In Energise Your Enterprise, 190–208. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-14920-9_13.

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Ott, Walter. "Nach-Verdichten als Chance." In GAM 05. Urbanity not Energy / Stadt statt Energie, 118–29. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-211-79204-9_10.

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Wengenmayr, Roland. "Grüne Chance und Gefahr." In Erneuerbare Energie, 69–71. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527646906.ch10.

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Wördenweber, Burkard, and Wiro Wickord. "Energie für Innovation." In Chance oder Risiko?, 33–52. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-06232-6_3.

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Bisquert, Juan. "Space-Charge-Limited Transport." In Nanostructured Energy Devices, 117–30. Title: Nanostructured energy devices : foundations of carrier transport / Juan Bisquert. Description: Boca Raton : CRC Press, 2017.: CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315117805-6.

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Heinloth, Klaus. "Wege: Herausforderung und Chance." In Energie und Umwelt, 211–36. Wiesbaden: Vieweg+Teubner Verlag, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-92688-3_3.

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Larsson, Mats. "Change Tools." In Global Energy Transformation, 135–43. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230244092_11.

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Cronshaw, Mark. "Technological Change." In Energy in Perspective, 203–15. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63541-1_10.

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Mauer, Ralf, Ian A. Howard, and Frédéric Laquai. "Energy and Charge Transfer." In Semiconducting Polymer Composites, 107–43. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527648689.ch4.

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Conference papers on the topic "Charge energie"

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Havener, C. C. "Low Energy Charge Transfer With Multi-Charged Ions Using Merged Beams." In ATOMIC PROCESSES IN PLASMAS: 14th APS Topical Conference on Atomic Processes in Plasmas. AIP, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1824874.

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Wronski, Jorrit, Carel Windt, Li Huang, Christian Dötsch, Clemens Pollerberg, and Armin Knels. "Charge State Sensor for Thermal Energy Storages Based on Phase Change Slurries." In EuroSun 2010. Freiburg, Germany: International Solar Energy Society, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.18086/eurosun.2010.16.34.

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Lin, Chang-Hua, Min-Hsuan Hung, Chien-Ming Wang, and Chien-Yeh Ho. "A Microcontroller-based fast charger with state-of-charge estimation for LiCoO2 battery." In 2013 1st International Future Energy Electronics Conference (IFEEC). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ifeec.2013.6687489.

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Rodgers, Lennon, Paul Karplus, Radu Gogoana, and Mike Nawrot. "Rapidly Charging Battery Systems." In ASME 2010 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2010-29226.

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For rapidly charging battery systems to be fully realized, there must be [i] a cell chemistry with an adequate energy density that accepts high power charging without overheating and accelerated degradation, [ii] electricity sources that can supply the necessary charging power, [iii] battery pack designs that can handle the large charging currents while not drastically decreasing the mass and volumetric energy densities, and [iv] high power chargers. This study first explores the feasibility of these elements, and presents a particular design that was demonstrated on an electric motorcycle. The final system consists of four battery modules, totaling 1.6 kWatt-hours, a 10 kWatt charger, and an integrated circuit-based Battery Management System. A single module was rapidly charged to 90% capacity in 15 minutes, and all four modules connected in series were rapidly charged to 40% capacity. Future tests will rapidly charge the 4 modules to >90% capacity.
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Fresco, Anthony N. "Solute Ion Coulomb Force Monopole Motor and Solute Ion Linear Alignment Propulsion." In ASME 2010 4th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2010-90396.

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Capacitive deionization relies on carbon aerogel or nanofoam having a surface area of 400 square meters/ gram to attract sodium and chlorine ions to the cathode and anode respectively by applying a voltage of about 1.5 VDC across the anode and cathode. By first physically isolating at least two anodes and two cathodes during charge accumulation, at least two positive monopoles and two negative monopoles are created. Positive/negative monopoles are formed by the enclosure of the cathodes/anodes by an electrically conductive material surrounding the sodium/chlorine ions. At least five or six like charged monopoles are created. At least four of the like charged monopoles (all negative or all positive) can be arranged on a disc. At least one stationary monopole of the same charge is placed adjacent to the disc and positioned so that a repulsive electric field is formed between the stationary monopole and at least one of the monopoles positioned on the disc so that the disc is then forced to rotate a shaft at the center of the disc. The Coulomb force between the monopoles is given by Coulomb’s Law, i.e., F=(k/ε)[(q1)(q2)/(r2)](1) where k = 9E+09 Newtons-meter2/coul2, q1 and q2 are the charge in coulombs, r is the distance between the charges in meters and ε = 75–81 dielectric constant assuming water between the charges (more likely air having ε = 1). Only a very small amount of charge in each monopole is required, i.e., 10 millicoulombs, (less than a milligram) to provide a force of about 44,000 Newtons (almost 10,000 lbs) if monopoles are separated by 0.5 meters (assuming this equation for Coulomb’s Law for this application is directly applicable without modification-this may not be the case). (For air, the force would be multiplied by 75–81). In a related approach, solute ions are accelerated by an electrostatic field from solute ions collected on electrodes +,-. Using an orthogonal electric field, partition electrodes are closed to capture like charged ions. Polarity is reversed via a transverse (longitudinal) electric field. Linear alignment of ions results in vector alignment of Coulomb forces to create an ion jet for propulsion or particle acceleration. The result is ionic marine propulsion and a possible ionic jet engine that obtains propulsion energy from Coulomb repulsion forces of homopolar separated charge. No combustion or jet fuel is required. Details are available in WO 2008/024927 A2 Ref. [1].
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Chambers-Wall, Graham. "Charge response and energy calibration of ProtoDUNE-." In Charge response and energy calibration of ProtoDUNE-. US DOE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1648544.

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Hickey, Ryan, and Thomas M. Jahns. "Measuring Individual Battery Dimensional Changes for State-of-Charge Estimation using Strain Gauge Sensors." In 2019 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ecce.2019.8912578.

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Yoo, Kisoo, Prashanta Dutta, and Soumik Banerjee. "A Mathematical Model for Li-Air Battery Considering Volume Change Phenomena." In ASME 2014 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2014-37627.

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Li-air battery has the potential to be the next generation energy storage device because of its much higher energy density and power density. However, the development of Li-air battery has been hindered by a number of technical challenges such as passivation of cathode, change in effective reaction area, volume change during charge and discharge, etc. In a lithium-air cell, the volume change can take place due to Li metal oxidation in anode during charge as well as due to the solubility of reaction product (lithium peroxide) in the electrolyte at cathode. In this study, a mathematical model is developed to study the performance of lithium-air batteries considering the significant volume changes at the anode and cathode sides using moving boundary technique. A numerical method was introduced to solve moving boundary problem using finite volume method. Using this model, the electric performance of lithium-air battery is obtained for various load conditions. Numerical results indicate that cell voltage drops faster with increase in load which is consistent with experimental observations. Also, the volume changes significantly affect the electric performance of lithium-air cell.
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Igonin, Nadine, James P. Verdon, and David W. Eaton. "Change in microseismic anisotropy lag time reveals stress changes around a fault." In First International Meeting for Applied Geoscience & Energy. Society of Exploration Geophysicists, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/segam2021-3583081.1.

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Asmatulu, R., and M. Ghaddar. "Surface Free Energy Change of UV Exposed Composites and Coatings via Acid-Base Interactions." In ASME 2011 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2011-62756.

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Surface free energy of composite and coatings are critically important for the performance of the materials since the change in surface free energies can drastically affect the physical, chemical and physicochemical properties, and hence the service life of them. The characterization of the surface free energy is the key issue to understand the mechanisms of the surface degradation. Acid-base interaction is one way of determining the surface free energy change on these surfaces. In the present study, we exposed composite and coating surfaces to UV light, and then measured the contact angle values using various liquids (e.g., DI water, diiodomethane and glycerol). Using the van Oss approach, we calculated the surface energy changes of the surfaces exposed to the UV light. We found that the surface energy, acidity and basicity of the composite and coating materials were drastically changed as a function of UV exposure time. This study can be useful for the moisture uptake of composites, composite degradation, aging and service life of these products.
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Reports on the topic "Charge energie"

1

Andersson, Göran, and Daniel Meierhans. Synthèse thématique «Réseaux d’énergie» du PNR «Energie». Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF), December 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.46446/publication_pnr70_pnr71.2019.2.fr.

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Les réseaux énergétiques de la Suisse sont fiables et stables, mais ils sont aussi confrontés à des défis inédits. L’un d’entre eux tient au fait que les nouvelles sources d’énergie renouvelables – installations photovoltaïques et éoliennes – produisent de l’électricité de manière irrégulière. Le réseau énergétique doit par conséquent faire preuve de plus de flexibilité : du côté de l’offre avec des solutions de stockage de l’électricité et de la chaleur et du côté de la demande avec une gestion automatisée de la charge. Par ailleurs, le potentiel de synergie entre les différentes sources d’énergie doit être mis à profit.
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Hadley, Stanton W., David J. Erickson III, and Jose L. Hernandez Figueroa. Modeling U.S. Energy Use Changes with Global Climate Change. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/974607.

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Milinazzo, Jared Joseph. Energy Transfer of a Shaped Charge. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1334941.

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Meyer, F. W., L. Folkerts, and S. Schippers. Angular and charge state distributions of highly charged ions scattered during low energy surface-channeling interactions with Au(110). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10189531.

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Kinsey, James L., and Raphael D. Levine. Energy and Chemical Change. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, December 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada399925.

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Kinsey, James L., and Raphael D. Levine. Energy and Chemical Change. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada262359.

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Hassler, John, Per Krusell, and Conny Olovsson. Energy-Saving Technical Change. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, October 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w18456.

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Fishburn, Barry. Energy Deposition from a Shaped Charge Jet. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada256717.

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Parzen, G. Space Charge Effects in the Low Energy Booster. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1118927.

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Dowell, Marla L. Pion single charge exchange in three body nuclei at intermediate energies. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10116806.

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