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1

Pequignot, D. "Charge Exchange in Laboratory and Astrophysical Plasmas." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 102 (1988): 153–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100107626.

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AbstractRecent experiments in tokamak plasmas demonstrate that charge exchanges manifest themselves in a wide variety of situations. It is now realized that charge exchanges involving excited states of hydrogen should be considered: these reactions represent a challenge for atomic physics, detailed plasma modeling, and quantitative plasma diagnostics. Charge exchanges between ions can in some cases modify the state of the gas and produce specific emission.Charge exchanges are important for the ionization balance of many ions in either warm coronal plasmas or photoionized plasmas of Astrophysic
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2

Lindholm, Einar. "Charge Exchange Phenomena." Bulletin des Sociétés Chimiques Belges 73, no. 5-6 (2010): 439–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bscb.19640730512.

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3

Jain, B. K., and A. B. Santra. "Rho exchange in charge-exchange reactions." Physical Review C 46, no. 4 (1992): 1183–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevc.46.1183.

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4

Gibbs, W. R., and B. Loiseau. "Neutron-proton charge exchange." Physical Review C 50, no. 6 (1994): 2742–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevc.50.2742.

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5

Lutostansky, Yu S. "Charge-exchange isobaric resonances." EPJ Web of Conferences 194 (2018): 02009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201819402009.

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Three types of the charge-exchange isobaric resonances - giant Gamow-Teller (GTR), the analog (AR) and pygmy (PR) ones are investigated using the microscopic theory of finite Fermi systems and its approximated version. The calculated energies of GTR, AR and three PR’s are in good agreement with the experimental data. Calculated differences ΔEG-A=EGTR-EAR go to zero in heavier nuclei indicating the restoration of Wigner SU(4)-symmetry. The average deviation for ΔEG-A is 0.30 MeV for the 33 considered nuclei where experimental data are available. The comparison of calculations with experimental
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6

Kelkar, Neelima G., and B. K. Jain. "Charge-exchange np scattering." Nuclear Physics A 612, no. 3-4 (1997): 457–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0375-9474(96)00411-3.

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7

Fortune, H. T., S. Mordechai, R. Gilman, et al. "Double charge exchange onFe56." Physical Review C 35, no. 3 (1987): 1151–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevc.35.1151.

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8

Nishimura, Yuki, Saki Imaizumi, Hajime Tanuma, et al. "Charge Exchange Spectroscopy of Multiply Charged Erbium Ions." Atoms 11, no. 2 (2023): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atoms11020040.

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The origin of heavier elements than iron is still under discussion, and recent studies suggest that the contribution of the r-process in neutron star mergers is dominant. Future modeling of such processes will require a huge amount of spectroscopic data on multiply charged ions of heavy elements. However, these experimental data are extremely scarce for heavy elements. In this work, we have performed the measurements of charge exchange spectroscopy for multiply charged Er ions in the visible light range. We report observed emission lines from multiply charged Er ions and their identification b
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9

Johnson, Mikkel B., E. Oset, H. Sarafian, E. R. Siciliano, and M. Vicente-Vacas. "Meson exchange currents in pion double charge exchange." Physical Review C 44, no. 6 (1991): 2480–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevc.44.2480.

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10

Thorman, Alex, Edward Litherland-Smith, Sheena Menmuir, et al. "Visible spectroscopy of highly charged tungsten ions with the JET charge exchange diagnostic." Physica Scripta 96, no. 12 (2021): 125631. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1402-4896/ac387b.

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Abstract Since the installation of the ITER-like wall on the JET tokamak, visible emission from a broad range of tungsten charge states has complicated plasma ion temperature and toroidal rotation measurements. A plethora of charge exchange transitions, from ions up to W56+, and 21 suspected magnetic dipole transitions have been observed. In particular W39+ and W46+ charge exchange emission contaminates the long-established carbon measurement at 529 nm. Fortunately the wavelength and relative intensity of the tungsten charge exchange lines is predictable and their influence can be mitigated wh
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11

Shevel’ko, V. P. "Charge exchange in collisions between heavy low-charged ions." Technical Physics 46, no. 10 (2001): 1225–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/1.1412055.

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12

Smith, D. A., H. T. Fortune, G. B. Lui, et al. "Pion double charge exchange onTe128,130." Physical Review C 46, no. 2 (1992): 477–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevc.46.477.

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13

Gibbs, W. R., M. Elghossain, and W. B. Kaufmann. "Pion double-charge-exchange operator." Physical Review C 48, no. 4 (1993): 1546–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevc.48.1546.

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14

Gu, Liyi, Junjie Mao, Jelle de Plaa, A. J. J. Raassen, Chintan Shah, and Jelle S. Kaastra. "Charge exchange in galaxy clusters." Astronomy & Astrophysics 611 (March 2018): A26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201731861.

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Context. Though theoretically expected, the charge exchange emission from galaxy clusters has never been confidently detected. Accumulating hints were reported recently, including a rather marginal detection with the Hitomi data of the Perseus cluster. As previously suggested, a detection of charge exchange line emission from galaxy clusters would not only impact the interpretation of the newly discovered 3.5 keV line, but also open up a new research topic on the interaction between hot and cold matter in clusters.Aim. We aim to perform the most systematic search for the O VIII charge exchange
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15

Hui, P., H. T. Fortune, R. Gilman, et al. "Pion double charge exchange onSenat." Physical Review C 49, no. 1 (1994): 83–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevc.49.83.

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16

Won-Ha Ko, Seungtae Oh, and Myeun Kwon. "KSTAR Charge Exchange Spectroscopy System." IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science 38, no. 4 (2010): 996–1000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tps.2010.2042182.

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17

Sigmund, P., O. Osmani, and A. Schinner. "Anatomy of charge-exchange straggling." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 338 (November 2014): 101–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2014.08.006.

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18

Sigmund, P., O. Osmani, and A. Schinner. "Charge-exchange straggling in equilibrium." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 269, no. 9 (2011): 804–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2010.11.094.

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19

Clement, H. "Pionic charge exchange in nuclei." Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics 29 (January 1992): 175–250. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0146-6410(92)90005-m.

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20

Bassi, Davide, Stefano Falcinelli, Fernando Pirani, et al. "The charge-excitation exchange process: ()+()→()+()." International Journal of Mass Spectrometry 223-224 (January 2003): 327–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1387-3806(02)00868-0.

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21

Helmer, R. "The TRIUMF charge-exchange facility." Canadian Journal of Physics 65, no. 6 (1987): 588–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p87-083.

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A facility for studying charge–exchange reactions at TRIUMF is described. Essentially, the same facility can be used for either (p, n) or (n, p) reactions. The design considerations on which the facility is based are discussed, and the results of some early experiments are presented.
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22

Eichler, Jörg. "Charge exchange at relativistic velocities." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 23, no. 1-2 (1987): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-583x(87)90408-3.

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23

Fifield, L. K., W. N. Catford, N. A. Orr, T. R. Ophel, A. Etchegoyen, and M. C. Etchegoyen. "Charge-exchange reactions on 36S." Nuclear Physics A 552, no. 1 (1993): 125–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0375-9474(93)90335-u.

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24

Habibi-Goudarzi, Sohrab, Tapio Kotiaho, R. G. Cooks, and T. Ast. "Dissociative charge exchange of C3F6." Organic Mass Spectrometry 26, no. 11 (1991): 1008–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/oms.1210261119.

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25

Li, Zifeng. "Physics Essay: The Nature of Charge, Principle of Charge Interaction and Coulomb's Law." Applied Physics Research 7, no. 6 (2015): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/apr.v7n6p52.

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<p class="1Body">What is “electronic charge”? Why there are two kinds of charges? Why do the same charges repel, and dissimilar charges attract each other? Why does their behavior agree with Coulomb's Law? These are among the most basic questions of physics. Let us assume the existence of a kind of microparticle in the universe, which we can call an electon for our purposes here. Three situations are possible: if an object contains a surplus of electons, it will be positively charged; if a deficit of electons, it will be negatively charged; if an object contains electons equal to its exp
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26

Kezerashvili, R. Ya. "Meson exchange currents in pion double charge exchange reaction." Nuclear Physics A 790, no. 1-4 (2007): 336c—339c. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2007.03.061.

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27

Senba, Masayoshi. "Muon charge exchange and muonium spin exchange in gases." Hyperfine Interactions 65, no. 1-4 (1991): 779–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02397729.

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28

Alves, M. E., and A. Lavorenti. "Potassium - calcium exchange in electropositive oxisols: description of exchange sites." Soil Research 41, no. 8 (2003): 1423. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr03010.

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Potassium–calcium exchange was studied in batch experiments carried out with 2 oxisols exhibiting positive charge balance. The experimental data were quantitatively described with the Rothmund–Kornfeld formulation of the Gaines–Thomas approach, and the permanent and variable surface negative charges were measured using the caesium-adsorption method. For both soils, no appreciable involvement of permanent negative charges was observed in the potassium–calcium exchange, which, in turn, seemed to occur solely on the variable negative charges. The preference for potassium over calcium exhibited by
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29

Pozas-Tormo, Rafaela, Laureano Moreno-Real, María Martínez-Lara, and Enrique Rodríguez-Castellón. "Ion exchange reactions of n-butylamine intercalates of tin(IV) hydrogen phosphate and hydrogen uranyl phosphate with cobalt(III) complexes." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 64, no. 1 (1986): 35–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v86-008.

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The ion exchange reactions of n-butylamine intercalates of tin(IV) hydrogen phosphate and hydrogen uranyl phosphate towards carbonatotetraamminecobalt(III), chloropentaamminecobalt(III), and hexaamminecobalt(III) have been investigated. Independent of the complex cation charges, the amounts of Co(III) complex exchanged by the n-butylamine intercalate of tin(IV) hydrogen phosphate are practically the same. With the n-butylamine intercalate of hydrogen uranyl phosphate, the ionic exchange was completed and the composition was fixed by the exchanged Co(III) complex. The layer charge densities of
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30

Sufardi, Sufardi, Teti Arabia, Khairullah Khairullah, Karnilawati Karnilawati, Sahbudin Sahbudin, and Zainabun Zainabun. "Charge Characteristics and Cation Exchanges Properties of Hilly Dryland Soils Aceh Besar, Indonesia." Aceh International Journal of Science and Technology 9, no. 2 (2020): 90–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.13170/aijst.9.2.17565.

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Soil surface charge and cation exchange are important parameters of soil fertility in tropical soils. This study was conducted to investigate characteristics of surface charges and cation exchanges on four soil orders of the dryland in Aceh Besar district. The soil order includes Entisols Jantho (05o16’58.41” N; 95o37’51.82” E), Andisols Saree (05o27'15.6" N; 95o44'09,1" E), Inceptisols Cucum (05º18’18,37” N; 95º32’48,04” E), dan Oxisols Lembah Seulawah (05o27’19,4” N; 95o46’19,2” E). The charge characteristics of surface charge are evaluated from the parameter of DpH (pHH2O-pHKCl), variable c
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31

Lubian, J., J. L. Ferreira, R. Linares, F. Cappuzzello, M. Cavallaro, and D. Carbone. "The role of the transfer of nucleons in driving double charge exchange reactions." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2340, no. 1 (2022): 012035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2340/1/012035.

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Abstract Transfer is an excellent tool to get insights into the short-range correlations on nucleons in a nuclear state. Within the context of direct reactions, the double charge exchange reactions have recently gained attention once their matrix elements might be associated with the double-beta decay rates. This class of reaction can occur from two completely distinctive mechanisms. They can take place by nucleons exchange or driven by mesons exchange between the projectile and target nuclei. Once the double charge exchange driven by multi-nucleon or mesons exchanges can compete with each oth
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32

Devdariani, A., E. Dalimier, and P. Sauvan. "Optical Transitions and Charge-Exchange in Highly Charged Quasi-Molecules." International Journal of Spectroscopy 2010 (September 22, 2010): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/812471.

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The interaction between quasimolecular states produces not only nonadiabatic transitions but also some exotic features in the wings of the spectral profiles emitted by the ions in collision. Although this concept has been fruitfully used for neutral species, some new highlighted experimental data on quasimolecular optical transitions in hot dense plasma have renewed the interest to the concept in the recent years. The present review deals with highly charged quasimolecules and it is dedicated specifically to quasimolecules formed by two bare nuclei and one bound electron. The reason for this c
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33

Saunders, Winston A. "Charge exchange and metastability of small multiply charged gold clusters." Physical Review Letters 62, no. 9 (1989): 1037–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.62.1037.

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34

Mabud, M. D. A., Michael J. Dekrey, R. G. Cooks, and T. Ast. "Charge exchange of doubly charged organic ions at metal surfaces." International Journal of Mass Spectrometry and Ion Processes 69, no. 3 (1986): 277–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-1176(86)87019-7.

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35

Meyer, F. W., C. C. Havener, S. H. Overbury, et al. "Charge exchange processes between highly charged ions and metal surfaces." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 23, no. 1-2 (1987): 234–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-583x(87)90452-6.

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36

Zakusin, Sergey V., Boris V. Pokidko, and Viktoriya V. Krupskaya. "Adsorption study of the charge distribution features of highly charged smectites." Сорбционные и хроматографические процессы 23, no. 6 (2024): 1080–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.17308/sorpchrom.2023.23/11869.

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The study examines the results of assessing the charge density distribution of smectite layers from the bentonite province of the Republic. Kazakhstan (Taganskoye and Dinosaurovoye fields) by alkylammonium method. The method is based on the study of the interaction of a homologous series of fatty amines with the surface of smectites. Organic cations form monomolecular and bimolecular adsorption layers on the basal surfaces. This allows the analysis of the dependence of the position of the diffraction maximum in the small-angle region on the bounding area of the organic cation and to obtain the
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37

Buchmann, Alfons J. "Exchange Currents in Baryons." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 52, no. 12 (1997): 877–940. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-1997-1208.

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This paper reviews calculations of the electromagnetic properties of baryons using the constituent quark model. We start with a short discussion of spontaneous chiral symmetry breaking, which is essential in understanding the transition from QCD to the constituent quark model. We then discuss a chiral version of the constituent quark model, which simulates the symmetries and dynamical content of the underlying field theory in terms of gluon, pion and sigma exchange between constituent quarks. We show that the electromagnetic current charge and current operators, usually approximated by one-bod
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38

Pointon, T. D. "Charge exchange effects in ion diodes." Journal of Applied Physics 66, no. 7 (1989): 2879–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.344193.

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39

Vaida, M., and C. N. Avram. "Exchange Charge Model for Fe3+:LiAl5O8." Acta Physica Polonica A 116, no. 4 (2009): 541–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.12693/aphyspola.116.541.

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40

Johnson, M. B., and C. L. Morris. "Pion Double Charge Exchange in Nuclei." Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science 43, no. 1 (1993): 165–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ns.43.120193.001121.

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41

Gombosi, Tamas I. "Charge exchange avalanche at the cometopause." Geophysical Research Letters 14, no. 11 (1987): 1174–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/gl014i011p01174.

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42

Kinney, E. R., J. L. Matthews, P. A. M. Gram, et al. "Inclusive pion double charge exchange inHe4." Physical Review Letters 57, no. 25 (1986): 3152–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.57.3152.

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43

Niskanen, J. A. "Charge symmetry breaking two-pion exchange." Physical Review C 45, no. 6 (1992): 2648–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevc.45.2648.

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44

Garcilazo, Humberto. "Pion charge exchange in the deuteron." Physical Review C 53, no. 1 (1996): R20—R21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevc.53.r20.

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45

Nose-Togawa, Naoko, and Kenji Kume. "Pion single-charge-exchange reaction on7Li." Physical Review C 59, no. 4 (1999): 2162–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevc.59.2162.

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46

Wood, S. A., J. L. Matthews, G. A. Rebka, P. A. M. Gram, H. J. Ziock, and D. A. Clark. "Inclusive Pion Double Charge Exchange inO16andCa40." Physical Review Letters 54, no. 24 (1985): 2647. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.54.2647.

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47

Wood, S. A., J. L. Matthews, G. A. Rebka, P. A. M. Gram, H. J. Ziock, and D. A. Clark. "Inclusive Pion Double Charge Exchange inO16andCa40." Physical Review Letters 54, no. 7 (1985): 635–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.54.635.

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48

Dzhioev, A. A., A. I. Vdovin, V. Yu Ponomarev, and J. Wambach. "Charge-exchange transitions in hot nuclei." Physics of Atomic Nuclei 72, no. 8 (2009): 1320–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1063778809080079.

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49

Demetriou, P., A. Marcinkowski, and B. Mariański. "Multistep processes in charge-exchange reactions." Nuclear Physics A 697, no. 1-2 (2002): 171–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0375-9474(01)01243-x.

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50

Levy, B., J. Provost, and E. Roueff. "Effective Operators in Charge Exchange Studies." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 120 (1987): 25–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900153720.

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The rate coefficient for the charge transfer reaction C+2po + H → C 3p+ H+ is calculated with the introduction of the radial coupling between the two 3π states arising from both asymptotic atomic states. the derived rate coefficient at a temperature of 104K is 2 10−15 cm3s−1 which is two orders of magnitude larger than the value previously estimated by Butler and Dalgarno (1980) from a weak spin orbit coupling between the 3Σ− and 3Σ+ molecular states of CH+.
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