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Li, Yiming. "Determination of chargino and neutralino masses at the International Linear Collider." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:b67602fb-93c2-4986-a2a5-414f8c0dc5cd.
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A feasibility study is presented which measures the masses of the chargino X̃₁± and neutralinos X̃₁⁰ and X̃₂⁰ using the processes of e⁺e⁻→ X̃₁+X̃₁- → X̃₁⁰X̃₁⁰W⁺W⁻ and e⁺e⁻→ X̃₂⁰X̃₂⁰ → X̃₁⁰X₁⁰ZZ at the International Linear Collider. The detector simulation is based on the Silicon Detector (SiD) concept and an integrated luminosity of 500 fb⁻¹ is considered at the centre-of-mass energy of 500 GeV. A template-fitting method is employed to measure the chargino and neutralino masses, which results in uncertainties of 0.16 GeV, 0.5 GeV and 1.0 GeV for the mass of X̃₁⁰, X̃₁± and X̃₂⁰ respectively. A study on the ISIS2 sensor, a technology for the ILC vertex detector, is also presented. The characteristic of the sensors are studied for both its test structure and main array pixels. The operation conditions are optimized and the sensor successfully demonstrated its capabilities of in-situ charge storage and charge transfer. The charge transfer efficiency is measured to be better than 98%.
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El, Kosseifi Rima. "Search for chargino and neutralino pair production in final states with one lepton, two b-jets consistent with a Higgs boson and missing transverse momentum with the ATLAS detector at the LHC Run2." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0445.
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De nombreuses recherches ont été consacrées aux signatures des modèles supersymétrique depuis le Run1 du LHC qui a fourni des données à 7 et 8 TeV. Parmi ceux-ci, la recherche du chargino-neutralino (C1, N2) dans les états finals avec 1 lepton, 2 b-jets compatibles avec un boson de Higgs et une énergie transverse manquante. L'analyse des données collectées par ATLAS à 8 TeV en 2012 a permis d'exclure à 95% C.L. les modèles simplifiés pour lesquels le neutralino le plus léger (N1) est non massif et les C1, N2 sont de moins de 250 GeV. La présente analyse utilise les données collectées par ATLAS en 2015, 2016 et montre une meilleure sensibilité au signal due à l’augmentation de l'énergie des collisions au Run 2 jusqu'à 13 TeV. Cependant, les résultats sont compatibles avec les prédictions du modèle standard et ainsi les limites sur les masses de C1, N2 sont élevées et permettent d'exclure a 95% C.L. les modèles avec C1, N2 de moins de 680 GeV pour un N1 non massif. L'identification des b-jets joue un rôle important dans cette analyse. Dans cette thèse, on présente aussi des études sur la robustesse des performances du b-tagging avec diverses conditions de détection pour le détecteur a pixels, le plus important pour l'étiquetage de saveur des jets. Comme la plupart des recherches SUSY au LHC, cette analyse est effectuée en utilisant un modèle simplifié, ainsi le spectre de masse est choisi manuellement et les désintégrations SUSY considérées sont forcées. Suspect3 est l'un des outils théoriques utilisés pour interpréter les résultats de la recherche en modèles SUSY réalistes. Cette thèse présente la version SuSpect3 post-découverte du Higgs que nous développonsDuring the LHC 8 TeV Run1, many searches were dedicated to the supersymmetric models. Among those, the search for the chargino-neutralino (C1, N2) pair production in final states with 1 lepton, 2 b-jets consistent with a Higgs boson and missing transverse energy. This search had negative outcome resulting in excluding C1, N2 masses up to 250 GeV for a massless lightest neutralino (N1) at 95% C.L.. The Run1 search used the 8 TeV ATLAS data collected in 2012. In this thesis, this search with ATLAS at LHC 13 TeV Run2 is presented, it uses 36.1 fb$^{-1}$ ATLAS data collected in 2015 and 2016. This Run 2 search provides an unprecedented sensitivity to high mass C1, N2 production. However, no evidence of new physics is observed and tighter new limits are placed on the C1, N2 production, with significant improvements over previous searches: C1, N2 masses up to 680 GeV for a massless N1 are excluded at 95% C.L. The identification of b-jets plays a significant role in this analysis. In this thesis, we present studies of the robustness of b-tagging performance with various conditions of the pixel detector, being the most important sub-detector for b-tagging. As most SUSY searches at the LHC, this analysis is carried out using Simplified Model of SUSY, i.e. the mass spectrum is chosen by hand and the considered SUSY decays are forced. Suspect3 is one of the theory tools utilized to map the search result into realistic SUSY models. This thesis presents the post Higgs discovery SuSpect3 version we have been working on. This version takes advantage of the very important new Higgs boson mass input to constrain other basic model parameter currently given as an input
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Akatsuka, Shunichi. "Search for chargino and neutralino production using final states with two soft leptons in pp collisions at √s = 13 TeV." Kyoto University, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/253471.
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Nguyen, Hoang Dai Nghia. "Search for new physics in fully hadronic final states with the Atlas detector at the LHC." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0472.
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La recherche de ttH avec les deux quarks top se désintégrant hadroniquement, et le boson de Higgs se désintégrant en paire de quark b est présentée. Une stratégie d’analyse basée sur une approche multivariée est réalisée afin de discriminer le signal des bruits de fonds dominants. Cette recherche a déjà été réalisée par ATLAS au Run 1 et a conduit à une mesure de l’intensité du signal (μ) de μ=1.6+2.6-2.6. La recherche présentée dans cette thèse a été réalisée à partir des données recueillies par le détecteur ATLAS au Run 2 qui correspond à une luminosité intégrée de 139 femptobarn inverse et à une énergie au CM de 13 TeV. Utilisant les données d’Asimov, une valeur attendue de μ = 1.00 2.1−2.4 est obtenue. Une limite supérieure attendue de 4,4 fois la prédiction du SM à 95% de niveau de confiance sur la section efficace du signal ttH a été obtenue. Le deuxième travail présenté dans cette thèse se concentre sur ce scénario avec la recherche d’une paire de partenaires scalaires du quark top (stop) se désintégrant en deux quarks b et deux charginos se désintégrant ensuite en deux quarks b et un quark léger qui conduit expérimentalement à un état final avec au moins huit jets et au moins six b-jets. La stratégie d’analyse est basée sur le comptage du nombre d’événements avec une grande multiplicité en jets et en b-jets. Des limites supérieures attendues à 95% CL sont obtenues sur les sections efficaces de la grille de masses des particules supersymétriques stop et chargino produitsIn this thesis, I present the search for ttH where the two top quarks decay hadronically, and the Higgs boson decays into b-quark pair. A multivariate analysis strategy is performed in order to discriminate the signal from the dominant backgrounds. This search has been already performed by ATLAS in Run 1 and resulted in a measured signal strength (μ) of μ=1.6+2.6-2.6. The search presented in this thesis is carried out using data collected by the ATLAS detector in Run 2 which corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 139 inverse femptobarn at the CoM energy of 13 TeV. An expected value of μ = 1.00 2.1−2.4 using Asimov data is obtained. The expected upper limit at 95% Confidence Level on the ttH signal cross-section is expected to be 4.4 times the SM prediction. One of the viable scenarios proposed by the SUSY Model, the R-parity violation (RpV), is nowadays highly considered since the more striking R-parity conserving (RpC) scenario has been heavily constrained by experimental data. The second work presented in this thesis focuses on this scenario with the search of a pair of scalar top partners (stop) decaying into two b-quarks and two charginos subsequently decaying into two b-quarks and a light-quarks which experimentally result in a final state signature with at least eight jets and at least six b-jet. The analysis strategy is based on counting the number of events in high jet and b-tagged jet multiplicity. The expected upper limits at 95% CL are placed on the cross-sections of the produced stop and chargino mass grid
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Debove, Jonathan. "QCD resummations for gaugino-pair hadroproduction." Grenoble, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010GRENY030.
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L’ajout de la supersymétrie au Modèle Standard (MS) de la physique des particules est très bien motivée. Reliant les bosons aux fermions dans un formalisme élégant, la super-symétrie propose une solution naturelle au problème de hiérarchie et permet l’unification des trois constantes de couplages du MS à grande échelle d’énergie. De plus, si la R-parité est conservée, elle fournit un candidat naturel pour expliquer la grande quantité de matière noire observée dans l’univers. Dans le MS supersymétrique minimal, c’est généralementle neutralino, l’un des partenaires supersymétriques des bosons électrofaibles (jauginos) et des bosons de Higgs (Higgsinos), qui se mélangent pour former quatre états propres de masses neutres (neutralinos) et deux chargés (charginos). Après une introduction sur la supersymétrie, nous présentons les formalismes de resommation au seuil et en impulsion transverse. Ensuite, nous considérons la production de paires de jauginos aux collisionneurs hadroniques actuellement en marche, i. E. RHIC, Tevatron et LHC. Nous étudions les effets dus à la polarisation des hadrons initiaux et aux corrections QCD supersymétriques complètes. Finalement, nous appliquons les resommations au seuil et en impulsion transverse à la production de paires de jauginos, et nous montrons qu’elles ont un impact important sur les distributions de masses invariantes et d’impulsion transverses. Tout au long de ces études, nous analysons en détail les erreurs théoriques venant des variations d’échelles et des fonctions de densités de partonsWeak-scale Supersymmetry (SUSY) is a very well motivated extension of the Standard Model of particle physics. Linking bosons and fermions in an elegant formalism, SUSY allows for a natural solution of the hierarchy problem and for accurate unification of the three Standard Model gauge couplings at a high unification scale. Furthermore, if R-parityis conserved, it provides a convincing candidate for the large amount of cold dark matter observed in the Universe. In the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model, this is generally the lightest neutralino, one of the spin-1/2 supersymmetric partners of the electroweak gauge bosons (gauginos) and of the Higgs bosons (Higgsinos), which mix to form four neutral (neutralino) and two charged (chargino) mass eigenstates. After an introduction to supersymmetry, we present the transverse-momentum and threshold resummation formalisms. We then consider the gaugino-pair production at current hadron colliders, i. E. At RHIC, Tevatron and LHC. We study the corresponding effects of polarised initial hadrons and full SUSY-QCD corrections. We finally apply transverse-momentum and threshold re-summations to gaugino-pair production, and show that they have important impact on the transverse-momentum and invariant-mass distributions. Throughout these studies, we also investigate the theoretical uncertainties coming from scale and parton-density function variations
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Tylmad, Maja. "Search for Weakly Produced Supersymmetric Particles in the ATLAS Experiment." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Fysikum, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-108060.
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The Large Hadron Collider located at CERN is currently the most powerful particle accelerator and ATLAS is an experiment designed to exploit the high energy proton-proton collisions provided by the LHC. It opens a unique window to search for new physics at very high energy, such as supersymmetry, a postulated symmetry between fermions and bosons. Supersymmetry can provide a solution to the hierarchy problem and a candidate for Dark Matter. It also predicts the existence of new particles with masses around 1 TeV, thus reachable with the LHC. This thesis presents a new search for supersymmetry in a previously unexplored search channel, namely the production of charginos and neutralinos directly decaying to electroweak on-shell gauge bosons, with two leptons, jets, and missing transverse momentum in the final state. The search is performed with proton-proton collision data at a center of mass energy of √s = 8 TeV recorded with the ATLAS experiment in 2012. The design of a signal region sensitive to the new signal is presented and a data driven technique to estimate the Z+jets background is developed. Precise measurements of hadronic jet energies are crucial to search for new physics with ATLAS. A precise energy measurement of hadronic jets requires detailed knowledge of the pulse-shapes from the hadron calorimeter signals. Performance of the ATLAS Tile Calorimeter in this respect is presented using both pion test-beams and proton–proton collision data.At the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 2 and Paper 4: Technical report from the ATLAS experiment.
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Muanza, Steve. "La recherche des charginos et des neutralinos avec le detecteur ATLAS au LHC." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 1996. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011022.
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Ce travail de thèse s'attache à simuler le potentiel de découverte de la supersymétrie (SUSY) au collisionneur LHC du CERN avec le détecteur ATLAS dans le canal pp->w1+z2->3l+X. Les résultats sont fournis pour les phases de basse et de haute luminosité du LHC. Dans un premier temps, nous montrons que la SUSY induit un excès à 5 écart-standards par rapport aux pédictions du Modèle Standard (MS) dans la topologie inclusive trilepton dans un grand domaine de l'espace des paramètres SUSY. Nous indiquons que les contributions des processus SUSY autres que pp->w1+z2 (fond supersymétrique) sont non négligeables. Ensuite, nous affinons l'analyse pour augmenter la pureté du signal pp->w1+z2->3l+X. Ceci nous permet d'étudier les propriétés spécifiques de ce processus. En particulier nous reconstruisons la différence de masse m(z2)-m(z1). Nous proposons une méthode originale pour reconstruire tout le secteur des gauginos à partir de cette observable expérimentale (cette méthode suppose l'unification de la masse des gauginos). Un chapitre est également consacré à l'étude de l'uniformité spatial e de la réponse des photomultiplcateurs Hamamatsu R5900 utilisés pour la lecture du calorimètre hadronique (Tilecal) d'ATLAS.
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Lesne, V. "Recherche de charginos et neutralinos dans le canal dimuon de même signe auprès de l'expérience D0-FNAL." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00113149.
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Dans le cadre du modèle mSUGRA qui décrit un mécanisme de brisure simple de la supersymétrie, des sparticules avec des masses au-delà des limites fixées par les expériences de LEPII peuvent être produites au Tevatron, collisionneur $p\overline {p}$ délivrant une énergie de 1.96 TeV dans le centre de masse. Un canal privilégié pour la découverte de la supersymétrie au Tevatron est la production associée du plus léger chargino,$\tilde {chi}_1^± $ et du second plus léger neutralino, $\tilde {chi}_2^0$. Les modes de désintégration leptoniques, $\tilde {chi}_2^0\to\tilde {chi}_1^0 $ l +l -et $\tilde {chi}_1^± \to\tilde {chi}_1^0 $ l ±\nu_l, conduisent à une signature claire avec trois leptons et une quantité significative d'énergie transverse manquante. De manière à augmenter la sensibilité au signal dans des régions de l'espace des paramètres conduisant à un troisième lepton très mou présentant une faible efficacité de reconstruction, une sélection avec deux leptons de même signe et de l'énergie transverse manquante a été développée. Le cas particulier du canal dimuon de même signe est étudié dans ce manuscrit. Aucune preuve de l'existence de la supersymétrie n'a pu être mise en évidence à partir des données acquises entre avril 2002 et février 2006 par le détecteur DØ du Tevatron et représentant une luminosité intégrée de 0.9 fb−1.Des limites sur le produit de la section efficace de production du signal fois le rapport d'embranchement en trois leptons, $\sigma (p\overline {p}\to\ tilde {chi}_1^± \tilde {chi}_2^0)$ ×BR(3ℓ), ont alors été déterminées en fonction de la masse du $\tilde {chi}_1^± $. Les résultats ainsi obtenus par la sélection dimuon de même signe ont été combinés avec les résultats de sélections trilepton. Pour des configurations de type mSUGRA avec des désintégrations leptoniques favorisées, une limite de 140 GeV/c2 est obtenue sur la masse du $\tilde {chi}_1^± $.
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Lesné, Vincent. "Recherche de charginos et neutralinos dans le canal dimuon de même signe auprès de l'expérience Dphi-FNAL." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00693958.
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Dans le cadre du modèle mSUGRA qui décrit un mécanisme de brisure simple de la supersymétrie, des sparticules avec des masses au-delà des limites fixées par les expériences de LEP II peuvent être produites au Tevatron, collisionneur pp délivrant une énergie de 1.96Tev dans le centre de masse. Un canal privilégié pour la découverte de la supersymétrie au Tevatron est la production associée du plus chargé chargino, chi-+, et du second plus léger neutralino, chi 20. Les modes de désintégrations leptoniques, chi20->chi10l+l- et chi1+-->chi10l+-nul, conduisent à une signature claire avec trois leptons et une quantité significative d'énergie transverse manquante. De manière à augmenter la sensibilité au signal dans des régions de l'espace des paramètres conduisant à un troisième lepton très mou présentant une faible éfficacité de reconstruction, une sélection avec deux leptons de même signe et de l'énergie transverse manquante a été développée. Le cas particulier du canal dimuon de même signe est étudié dans ce manuscrit
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Moghaddam, Zeinab. "Smart charging strategies for electric vehicle charging stations." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2019. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/2215.
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Although the concept of transportation electrification holds enormous prospects in addressing the global environmental pollution problem, consumer concerns over the limited availability of charging stations and long charging/waiting times are major contributors to the slow uptake of plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) in many countries. To address the consumer concerns, many countries have undertaken projects to deploy a network of both fast and slow charging stations, commonly known as electric vehicle charging networks.
While a large electric vehicle charging network will certainly be helpful in addressing PEV owners' concerns, the full potential of this network cannot be realised without the implementation of smart charging strategies. For example, the charging load distribution in an EV charging network would be expected to be skewed towards stations located in hotspot areas, instigating longer queues and waiting times in these areas, particularly during afternoon peak traffic hours. This can also lead to a major challenge for the utilities in the form of an extended PEV charging load period, which could overlap with residential evening peak load hours, increasing peak demand and causing serious issues including network instability and power outages.
This thesis presents a smart charging strategy for EV charging networks. The proposed smart charging strategy finds the optimum charging station for a PEV owner to ensure minimum charging time, travel time and charging cost. The problem is modelled as a multi-objective optimisation problem. A metaheuristic solution in the form of ant colony optimisation (ACO) is applied to solve the problem. Considering the influence of pricing on PEV owners' behaviour, the smart charging strategy is then extended to address the charging load imbalance problem in the EV network. A coordinated dynamic pricing model is presented to reduce the load imbalance, which contributes to a reduction in overlaps between residential and charging loads. A constraint optimization problem is formulated and a heuristic solution is introduced to minimize the overlap between the PEV and residential peak load periods. In the last part of this thesis, a smart management strategy for portable charging stations (PCSs) is introduced. It is shown that when smartly managed, PCSs can play an important role in the reduction of waiting times in an EV charging network. A new strategy is proposed for dispatching/allocating PCSs during various hours of the day to reduce waiting times at public charging stations. This also helps to decrease the overlap between the total PEV demand and peak residential load.
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Daina, Nicolò, Aruna Sivakumar, and John W. Polak. "Electric vehicle charging choices: Modelling and implications for smart charging services." Elsevier, 2017. https://publish.fid-move.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A72813.
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The rollout of electric vehicles (EV) occurring in parallel with the decarbonisation of the power sector can bring uncontested environmental benefits, in terms of CO2 emission reduction and air quality. This roll out, however, poses challenges to power systems, as additional power demand is injected in context of increasingly volatile supply from renewable energy sources. Smart EV charging services can provide a solution to such challenges. The development of effective smart charging services requires evaluating pre-emptively EV drivers’ response. The current practice in the appraisal of smart charging strategies largely relies on simplistic or theoretical representation of drivers’ charging and travel behaviour. We propose a random utility model for joint EV drivers’ activity-travel scheduling and charging choices. Our model easily integrates in activity-based demand modelling systems for the analyses of integrated transport and energy systems. However, unlike previous charging behaviour models used in integrated transport and energy system analyses, our model empirically captures the behavioural nuances of tactical charging choices in smart grid context, using empirically estimated charging preferences. We present model estimation results that provide insights into the value placed by individuals on the main attributes of the charging choice and draw implications charging service providers
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Du, Yunke. "PEV Charging Demand Estimation and Selection of Level 3 Charging Station." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1367243693.
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Harrison, Richard Giles. "Aerosol charging and radioactivity." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.321184.
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Huang, Yingfen. "EV Charging Station Infrastructure." Digital Commons at Loyola Marymount University and Loyola Law School, 2017. https://digitalcommons.lmu.edu/etd/397.
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Sharpe, Nathan. "Mobile phone charging station." Thesis, Sharpe, Nathan (2010) Mobile phone charging station. Other thesis, Murdoch University, 2010. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/7455/.
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This thesis project set out to design a mobile phone charging station that is Photovoltaic (PV) powered. It was to be designed so that it could be used at outdoor festivals and events such as the Southbound Music Festival. For this reason the charging station had to be portable and as it would be used at night there had to be an appropriate lighting set up. The design of the charging station had to be eye catching and could be based on a similar device called the LG Skycharger.
As this project was being designed for Murdoch Events to be used by Sunset Events, communication with the client was critical. An original design was created and then proposed to the client during a presentation, to determine if the design was appropriate. Once discussed it was decided that a few requirements needed to be modified. This original design was then customized to meet the new requirements and a second larger station design was also produced.
This resulted in two final designs, which meant that the client has two options and can select the design which is most suitable and meets their budget. The two stations that were designed were a 48 locker design and a 96 locker design. As it was assumed the stations would have access to the main power both have been configured so that if the battery bank is running low it can be charged using mains power. This makes it more versatile so that it has the ability to be used during winter, or for a number of continuous days.
The 48 locker charging station contains a PV system that has a rating of 875 W and a battery bank rated at 240 Ah. This battery bank has enough capacity to power the system for 17.4 hours assuming there is no solar power. It has been designed so that the PV system can be mounted on the back of a trailer to increase portability. The charging station is eye catching and will be constructed out of aluminium so that it is durable. For there to be appropriate lighting at night time LED lighting has been selected; this includes multi colour LED lights for decorative purposes, as well as white LED flood light which will provide a substantial amount of light surrounding the charging station. The total estimated price to construct the 48 locker version is $30,500.
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Iyer, Venkatraman 1967. "Backside charging of CCDs." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/288934.
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Backside illuminated thinned CCDs have the highest response in the UV and blue spectral region. Their use in detectors is limited due to the instability of the CCD. A low temperature oxide nearly 30 Å thick is grown on the acid thinned backside to tie up dangling bonds. The oxide carries fixed positive charges that attract and trap photogenerated electrons. A permanent and stable backside charging procedure is necessary to create a negative bias that will drive electrons to the frontside collection wells. We have shown chemisorption charging to be a novel method to permanently charge CCDs. The catalytic nature of certain metals are exploited to chemisorb oxygen as negative atomic species at the metal/oxide interface. Charging is shown to occur by depositing a thin film 10 Å of platinum on the backside. No tunneling occurs because of the thick oxide. The Passivated Platinum Film (PPtF) which utilizes a hafnium oxide antireflection coating to passivate the platinum is an effective process, but it is sensitive to the environment and discharges quickly upon hydrogen exposure. A silver catalytic coating is shown to be far superior to other charging techniques. Silver irreversibly chemisorbs oxygen and hydrogen is not dissociatively adsorbed except at temperatures < 100°K. High quantum efficiencies have been recorded for the UV-blue ranges. A slight drop is seen at cold temperatures due to interaction of water with oxygen to form hydroxyl ions. No change in QE is seen upon exposure to hydrogen or during outgassing. Silver is also one of the most transparent metals and easily deposited by evaporation. We therefore have developed a charging process which is nearly ideal for CCD imaging.
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Gong, Jindan. "Optimisation of charging strategies and energy storage operation for a solar driven charging station." Thesis, KTH, Energiteknik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-272006.
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The Swedish energy sector is undergoing transformational changes. Along with a rapid growth of renewables and a shift towards electromobility, the transformation is expected to bring challenges to the power system in terms of grid instability and capacity deficiency. Integrating distributed renewable electricity production into the electric vehicle (EV) charging infrastructure is a promising solution to overcome those challenges. The feasibility of implementing such a charging infrastructure system in northern Sweden is however uncertain, as the solar resources are scarce in the long winter period. This study aims to maximise the value of a solar powered EV charging station, placed in a workplace environment in Umeå. An integrated system model of the charging station is developed, comprising separate models of a solar PV system, a battery energy storage system (BESS), the workplace EV fleet and the building Växthuset, onto which the charging station will be installed. Three scenarios are developed to study the charging station’s system performance under different EV charging strategies and BESS dispatch strategies. Two additional scenarios are developed to study the potential grid services that the charging station can provide in the winter period. A techno-economic assessment is performed on each scenario’s simulation results, to measure their effect on the charging station’s value. It involves analysing the charging station’s profitability and how well the BESS is utilised by the end of a ten-year project period. The charging station’s grid impact is further assessed by its self-consumption of solar power, peak power demand and the grid energy exchange. The assessed charging station values indicate that the overall grid impact was reduced with dynamic EV charging strategies and that the BESS capacity utilisation was strongly influenced by its dispatch strategy. The charging station further implied a net capital loss under the explored scenarios, even while the dynamic charging strategies brought by a slightly increased economic value. Moreover, the studied winter scenarios showed a great potential for the charging station to provide ancillary services to the local distribution grid while maintaining an efficient BESS capacity utilisation. The winter period’s peak power demand was significantly reduced by optimising the BESS operation to shift peaks in the building’s load profile, and peaks caused by the additional EV charging demand and the EV heaters, to off-peak hours. On this basis, future research is recommended for improved simulations of the charging station operation and to study additional value-added features that the solar driven charging station can bring.Sveriges energisystem genomgår en omfattande omställning. Förändringar i form av en ökad andel förnybar elproduktion och elektrifieringen av transportsektorn förväntas medföra stora utmaningar för elsystemets nätstabilitet och överföringskapacitet. Att integrera in distribuerad, förnybar elproduktion som en del av laddinfrastrukturen för elfordon ställer sig som en lovande lösning för att möta de väntande utmaningarna. Möjligheterna att tillämpa en sådan lösning i norra Sverige är däremot mindre självklara, då solresurserna är knappa under vintertid. Det här examensarbetet syftar till att maximera nyttan av en soldriven laddstation för elbilar, placerad på ett arbetsplatsområde i Umeå. En integrerad energisystemmodell av laddstationen har skapats, bestående av systemmodeller av solpaneler, ett batterienergilager, arbetsplatsens elbilsflotta samt byggnaden Växthuset, som laddstationen ska anslutas till. Tre scenarier har utformats för att undersöka hur laddstationens prestanda förändras beroende på olika laddstrategier för elbilarna och batterienergilagrets styrning. Ytterligare två scenarier har utvecklats för att utforska möjliga nättjänster som laddstationen kan bistå med under vintertid. Laddstationens värde har vidare bedömts utifrån systemets prestanda i de olika scenarierna. Bedömningen grundar sig på laddstationens lönsamhet och hur välutnyttjat batterienergilagret är efter en kalkylperiod på 10 år, samt på specifika påverkansfaktorer på elnätet. Faktorerna omfattar konsumtionen av egenproducerad el, toppeffektuttaget och nätöverföringarna orsakade av laddstationen. Från värderingen av laddstationen framgår det att de dynamiska laddstrategierna ledde till en, överlag, minskad påverkan på elnätet samt att styrningen av batterienergilagret hade stor inverkan på dess utnyttjandegrad. Laddstationens nettonuvärde förblev negativt i de tre scenarierna, även om de dynamiska laddstrategierna, ökade dess ekonomiska värde till en viss del. Vidare tyder simuleringen av vinterscenarierna på att det finns en stor potential för laddstationen att erbjuda tjänster för lokalnätet och samtidigt nyttiggöra sig av batterienergilagret. Växthusets toppeffektuttag reducerades märkbart genom att optimera batteristyrningen till att flytta effekttoppar orsakade av Växthusets ellastkurva eller elbilarnas laddning och uppvärmning, till de timmar där lasten var lägre. Med detta i bakgrund föreslås vidare studier som fokuserar på den integrerade energisystemmodellen för att förbättra simuleringarna, samt att undersöka möjligheterna till att erbjuda fler nättjänster, som ökar laddstationens mervärde.
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Kurtansky, Pascal. "Prepaid charging for IP services /." Zürich : TIK Institut für Technische Informatik und Kommunikationsnetze, ETH Zürich, 2007. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=17364.
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Lagerbäck, Findus. "Charging Switch for two batteries." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för teknik och naturvetenskap, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-93588.
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Uppgiften är att utveckla och tillverka en prototyp till en laddningsomkopplare för 12 V. Att parallellkoppla blybatterier med olika kapacitet eller kondition kan medföra problem. Därför ska en omkopplare byggas, som kopplar om laddströmmen från regulatorn till två batterier så att de kan laddas automatiskt utan att behöva parallellkopplas. Den kopplar ihop laddningsregulatorn med det batteri som ska hållas fulladdat (hädanefter kallat primärbatteriet), så länge detta inte uppnått full spänning. När det är fulladdat kopplar omkopplaren laddningsregulatorn till det andra batteriet (hädanefter kallat sekundärbatteriet). Om primärbatteriets spänning sjunker, p.g.a. energiuttag, kopplar omkopplaren tillbaka laddningsregulatorn till det, så att det hålls fulladdat. Laddningsomkopplarens omkopplingsspänning kan ställas in med en potentiometer och spänningsskillnaden mellan till- och frånslag med en annan. Laddningsomkopplaren är avsedd att användas tillsammans med solceller, men kan även användas med andra strömkällor. Liknande anordningar för specifika laddningsregulatorer finns redan på marknaden, men den laddningsomkopplare som utvecklas i detta examensarbete kan kopplas till godtycklig laddningsregulator för 12V-blybatterier.
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Nguyen, Nhan Quy. "Electric Vehicles Charging Scheduling Optimisation." Thesis, Troyes, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TROY0024.
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Notre travail de recherche traite de la problématique de l’ordonnancement de recharge des véhicules électriques (VE). La variation de la puissance totale disponible pour charger des véhicules, les contraintes de comportement des utilisateurs et l'incertitude des demandes énergétiques journalières demandent un ordonnancement efficace et sécurisé. Nous avons défini cinq configurations industrielles : ACPF (1,2) et ACPV (1a, 1b et 2) qui correspondent chacune à un ensemble de contraintes techniques. Les études sur les formulations, dont une conjonctive et une disjonctive, reposent sur l’analyse de la force de leurs relaxation-LP. La forme matricielle de la formule mathématique est composée d’une matrice partitionnée, qui est décomposable par le principe de Dantzig-Wolfe. Cette dernière nous permets de développer un algorithme de type Branch-and-Price pour la résolution exacte du problème. Une heuristique constructive déterministe a ensuite été conçue pour l’allocation de la ressource, qui se trouve très efficace : une résolution rapide (moins d’une seconde) pour un parking d’une trentaine VEs. Finalement, pour implémenter tous les algorithmes dans le microprocesseur, et pour établir un modèle prévisionnel et un ordonnancement en temps réel, nous avons créé un planificateur autonome, qui se base sur le réordonnancement prédictif-réactif. Les recherches effectuées font partie des problèmes de raisonnement énergétique. Elles possèdent donc la capacité de se combiner avec d’autres travaux, notamment le problème de smart gridOur research deals with the problem of the charging scheduling of electric vehicles (EV). The variation in the total power available to load vehicles, user the behaviour constraints and the uncertainties of daily energy demands require an efficient and secure scheduling. We defined five industrial configurations: ACPF (1,2) and ACPV (1a, 1b and 2), each of which corresponds to a set of technical constraints. Studies on formulations, including a conjunctive and a disjunctive, are based on the analysis of the strength of their LP-relaxation. The matrix form of the mathematical formula is composed of a partitioned matrix, which is decomposable by the Dantzig-Wolfe principles. The latter allows us to develop a Branch-and-Price Algorithm for the exact solution of the problem. A deterministic constructive heuristic was then designed for the allocation of the resource, which is very efficient: a quick resolution (less than a second) for a car park with about thirty EVs. Finally, to implement all algorithms in the microprocessor, and to establish a forecasting model and an online scheduling, we have created a stand-alone scheduler, based on the predictive-reactive rescheduling. The research carried out is part of the problems of energy reasoning. They, therefore, can combine with other works, including the smart grid problems
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Gunenc, Mehmet V. "Enhanced Charging Sieving Electrostatic Precipitator." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1195594122.
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Nemeth, Amanda. "Raman Signature of Molecular Charging." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1609258734249143.
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Smith, Gregory N. "Charging colloids in nonpolar solvents." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2015. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.683919.
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Stabilizing charged species in nonpolar solvents is difficult due to their low relative permittivity (Er); therefore, surfactants that form inverse micelles are often used as charge control additives (CCAs). In this Thesis, the structural and electrokinetic properties of surfactants and surfactant-charged colloids in nonpolar solvents were studied. The aggregation of surfactants was studied using high-resolution small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) measurements. Critical micelle concentrations (CMCs) for inverse micelle formation were measured for an anionic and a nonionic surfactant, and the transition was different for the two types. However, variations to the surfactant counterion and the solvent did not influence the CMC. Contrast-variation SANS (CV-SANS) was used to study the interaction of surfactant with polymer latexes. The surfactant did not strongly interact with the steric stabilizer polymer and, rather, was located throughout the entire latex. Such a distribution of surfactant differs from other model colloids in nonaqueous solvents where the surfactant is assumed to be adsorbed at the core-solvent interface. Molecular variations to the surfactant structure resulted in differences to the charge of particles. Modifying the surfactant tail groups resulted in more effective CCAs. Triple-chain surfactants were more effective, and this may be due to the larger number of inverse micelles. Changing the surfactant counterion resulted in instability of the particles. This may be due to decreased particle charge and increased electrolyte screening. The results presented in this Thesis provide much-needed structural information and systematic variations to the field of charging in nonpolar solvents. Determining the chemical interactions between surfactants and solvents or colloids is important for understanding how surfactants form inverse micelles, stabilize particles, and generate charge.
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Sahilaushafnur, Rosyadi. "Study and Analysis of Asymmetrical Charging as A New Electrical Vehicle (EV) Smart Charging Method." Thesis, KTH, Energiteknik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-264103.
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Currently, the proliferation of electrified vehicles (EV) has increased rapidly. Considering EV users’ point of view, the duration of charging, and the place to charge their car are essential factors. Increase of EV penetration gives also impact on the electrical network such as overloading, and power quality issues. IEC 61851 and ISO 15118 are the two primary standards to provide requirements for electric vehicle supply equipment (EVSE) to ensure the process of charging can be adequately conducted without disrupting the electric system in general. Following standards and considering the user’s preference in charging place, a new charging method that can draw higher energy than existing technique should be developed. A three-phase grid connected home system is modeled in this study to see the impact of unbalance household load to a three-phase charging. The load modeling covers the variation level of load in summer, spring/fall, and winter. Specific usages of electricity are distributed in a three-phase home system which consists of phase 1: cold appliance, cooking, standby appliances, and other loads; phase 2: heat pumps, audiovisual (Television and sound system) and computer size; and phase 3: Lightning and washing. Two methods of charging are defined in this model, which are symmetrical (existing standard) and asymmetrical (proposed). In symmetrical technique, the On-board Charger (OBC) will draw equal phase current independent of home loads connected in each phase of three phase system. The three phase system will not balanced completely in this method. Meanwhile, in asymmetrical method, the OBC will draw the leftover of current in each phase according to its real-time availability by balancing all three phase in the home. The asymmetrical method is expected to achieve faster charging duration than symmetrical charging due to higher energy availability. There three main cases defined in this study: theoretical case (the EV is charged from hour 00:00), 0-100% SOC case, and the user case (the distance targeted determines Car Demand). The result of simulation reveals that Asymmetrical charging method can provide higher energy available than asymmetrical technique. Fuse-rating level influences a lot on this result. If the higher fuse rating applied in the same load profile, the gap of energy availability between symmetrical and asymmetrical will be reduced. But still the symmetrical method never perform better energy availability than the asymmetrical method, either with 16 A fuse and 20 A fuse. This result of energy availability becomes an indication for 3 the theoretical case, in which asymmetrical method can provide more charging cycles than the symmetrical method, especially for 16 A fuse system. For all cases that have been simulated, the asymmetrical method shows benefits in terms of reduction in time and cost reduction. In a year, the saving of hours of charging duration which could be achieved by new charging method in a 16 A fuse system is as high as 8 hours and 4 hours for 0-100% SOC cases and partial charging user cases respectively (less than 50% approx.). In a three-year cost comparison, the money that could be saved by the asymmetrical method in a 16 A fuse system are as high as 35 Euro for 0-100% case and 23,405 Euro in the user case. After simulations result obtained, asymmetrical method demonstrates a promising performance of the new charging technique in terms of duration and saving. There is a need to push a new standard to realize the implementation of this charging activity. A communication scheme between energy meter, EVSE, and OBC should be established to exchange real-time current availability information. New AC information sequences could be adapted from the DC charging communication standard, IEC 61851-24.För närvarande har spridningen av elektrifierade fordon (EV) ökat snabbt. Att ta hänsyn till EVanvändarnas synvinkel, laddningstiden och platsen att ladda sin bil är väsentliga faktorer. Ökning av EVpenetration ger också inverkan på det elektriska nätverket, såsom överbelastning och problem med kraftkvalitet. IEC 61851 och ISO 15118 är de två primära standarderna för att tillhandahålla krav på elfordonsförsörjningsutrustning (EVSE) för att säkerställa att laddningsprocessen kan genomföras på ett adekvat sätt utan att störa det elektriska systemet i allmänhet. Efter standarder och med tanke på användarens preferens på laddningsplats bör en ny laddningsmetod som kan dra högre energi än befintlig teknik utvecklas. Ett tre-fas nätanslutet hemsystem modelleras i denna studie för att se effekterna av obalanserad hushållsbelastning på en trefasladdning. Lastmodelleringen täcker variationen i lasten på sommaren, våren / hösten och vintern. Specifika användningsområden för elektricitet distribueras i ett trefas hemsystem som består av fas 1: kallapparat, matlagning, standbylagare och andra laster; fas 2: värmepumpar, audiovisuella (TV- och ljudsystem) och datorstorlek; och fas 3: Blixt och tvätt. Två laddningsmetoder definieras i denna modell, som är symmetriska (befintlig standard) och asymmetriska (föreslagna). I symmetrisk teknik drar ombordladdaren (OBC) lika fasström oberoende av hembelastningar anslutna i varje fas i trefassystemet. Trefassystemet kommer inte att balansera helt i denna metod. Under tiden, i asymmetrisk metod, kommer OBC att dra återstoden av strömmen i varje fas enligt dess realtids tillgänglighet genom att balansera alla tre faserna i hemmet. Den asymmetriska metoden förväntas uppnå snabbare laddningstid än symmetrisk laddning på grund av högre energitillgänglighet. Det finns tre huvudfall definierade i denna studie: teoretiskt fall (EV debiteras från timme 00:00), 0-100% SOC-fall och användarfallet (avståndsinriktningen avgör bilfrågan). Resultatet av simulering avslöjar att asymmetrisk laddningsmetod kan ge högre tillgänglig energi än asymmetrisk teknik. Säkringsgraden påverkar mycket på detta resultat. Om den högre säkringsgraden som tillämpas i samma belastningsprofil kommer energiförbrukningen mellan symmetrisk och asymmetrisk att minska. Men fortfarande har den symmetriska metoden aldrig bättre energitillgänglighet än den asymmetriska metoden, varken med 16 A-säkring och 20 A-säkring. Detta resultat av energitillgänglighet blir en indikation för det teoretiska fallet, i vilket asymmetrisk metod kan ge fler laddningscykler än den symmetriska metoden, särskilt för 16 A-säkringssystem. För alla fall som har simulerats visar den asymmetriska metoden fördelar när det gäller minskning av tid och kostnadsminskning. På ett år är besparingen av timmar med laddningstid som kan uppnås genom en ny laddningsmetod i ett säkringssystem på 16 A så hög som 8 timmar och 4 timmar för 0-100% SOC-fall respektive partiell laddning av användarfall (mindre än 50% ungefär). I en kostnadsjämförelse på tre år är de pengar som kan sparas med den asymmetriska metoden i ett säkringssystem på 16 A så höga som 35 Euro för 0-100% fall och 23 405 Euro i användarfallet. Efter erhållna simuleringsresultat visar den asymmetriska metoden en lovande prestanda för den nya laddningstekniken när det gäller varaktighet och sparande. Det finns ett behov att driva en ny standard för att realisera genomförandet av denna avgiftsaktivitet. Ett kommunikationsschema mellan energimätare, EVSE och OBC bör inrättas för att utbyta information om aktuell tillgänglighet i realtid. Nya ACinformationssekvenser kan anpassas från DC-laddningskommunikationsstandarden, IEC 61851-24.
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Liang, Xusheng, Elvis Tanyi, and Xin Zou. "Charging electric cars from solar energy." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för tillämpad signalbehandling, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-11919.
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Before vehicles were heavily relied on coal, fossil fuels and wind for power. Now, they are rapidly being replaced by electric vehicles and or plug-in hybrid electric cars. But these electric cars are still faced with the problem of energy availability because they rely on energy from biomass, hydro power and wind turbines for power generation. The abundance of solar radiation and its use as solar energy as a power source in driving these rapidly increasing electric cars is not only an important decision but also a necessary condition for eradication of environmental pollution. This study presents a model for charging electric cars from solar energy. Little focus on detailed technologies involved from solar energy capture to battery charging but our main focus is how to provide a modified charging parking lot in Karlskrona city-Sweden. With a surface area of 2850m2, we were able to choose 1STH-350-WH as the right PV modules. Based on the latitude of our design area, a computed 71 degrees angle positioning between solar panel and roof so as to maximise the surface area and optimise the solar irradiance gathering. Based on the power output of approximately116kW these PV modules generated, we further analysed and selected SDP 30KW inverter and Monocrystalline Silicon (1SolTech 1STH-350-WH (350W) solar modules. Also we provide different car charging method by choosing the SAE J1772 standard as one of specifications for dedicated vehicle charging and Clipper Creek HSC-40 as our option of charger. With the data of the generating solar energy every day, charging time, consuming power, we can estimate how many cars the system can handle to charge. Moreover, our system provides AC power from AC power network by general socket type F. We finally concluded that, our model for charging of electric car batteries was not only supportive but efficient in terms of extracting solar energy from sunlight to charge electric cars, thus making the region an eco-friendly place.
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Starkey, Jonathan Peter. "An ultra-fast battery charging system." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/30219.
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Increased awareness of the effects of atmospheric pollution, especially in inner city areas, makes the use of electric vehicles more appealing. The lead-acid battery is one of the most viable power sources for such an application, due to its low cost. Unfortunately, it is one of the heaviest of such systems in use (in terms of energy stored per unit mass), and is traditionally slow to recharge. This can make it impractical for use in an electric vehicle as the largest usable battery only has a low capacity, yielding a short range. If electric vehicles are to become more commonplace, technological advances in the lead-acid battery system must be sought, not only to increase capacity, but also to reduce the charge time. It has been shown, using a constructed novel resonant power converter, that the overall charge time of a lead-acid battery can be reduced by a factor of five by employing a pulse charging technique, with further reductions possible, whilst evolving significantly less gas than a standard constant-current, constant-voltage technique. This increases battery life expectancy, especially in sealed cells. This method has also been proven suitable for recharging dry cells. It has also been shown that pasted plate cell performance can be improved by redesigning the grid structure. An increase in electrode current of 5%, and reduction of 25% in the lead used are both possible, without compromising cell performance. This is important for applications where portability is important. Lightweight electrodeposited lead plates are a feasible alternative to conventional pasted plates, although careful design is required to minimise cell weight.
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Algvere, Caroline. "Designing Electric Vehicle Charging Station Information." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för informationsteknologi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-415168.
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The electric vehicle industry is under rapid development and the fleet of chargeable cars in society is increasing fast. As a result, a high demand for public chargers has emerged. Simultaneous to the expansion of the electric vehicle fleet and charging infrastructure the power grid is occasionally highly strained. Additionally, factors like cities expanding and the digitization of society also have a large effect on the power grid. This master's thesis investigates the characteristics of electric vehicle users and presents a prototype of an information display for electric vehicle charging stations. The design is is based on the user studies and founded in theory about sustainable user behaviour with the goal of encouraging behaviours that minimize the strain on the local power grid of Uppsala. It concerns the research topic of how to design for sustainable behaviour and address research questions of how to design electric vehicle charging station information to communicate multiple charging alternatives to a broad variety of users. The work reveals that electric vehicle users suffer from the charging infrastructure being underdeveloped, feel frustration towards payment solutions available and lack information regarding electric vehicle use. Also, electric vehicle user's common passion for tech and environmental consciousness are revealed in the study. These facts are used as the foundation for the mobile application design prototype suggested.
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Sörme, Jacob. "Intelligent Charging Algorithm for Electric Vehicles." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-280808.
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Electric vehicles play an important role in creating a fossil free transport sector. Making the vehicles efficient involves many new areas outside the manufacturing process, such as chargers, power grids and electricity markets. This thesis models the charging of electric vehicles using a Markov Decision Process and uses Reinforcement Learning solution models to derive an intelligent charging algorithm. This algorithm can take concepts such as electricity price, battery degradation and electrical losses into account in order to minimise the overall operational costs, and add more value to the use of electric vehicles. Models of how voltage varies in a battery is used and data on causes of battery degradation are derived from modern papers within battery technology. The intelligent charging algorithm is compared to baseline charging algorithms, one of which correspond to how charging is regularly performed today. Vehicle-to Grid is a promising future technology where electric vehicles can discharge some of their energy back to the grid in order to alleviate the stress of a power grid constrained by increasing demand as well an increasing penetration of intermittent sustainable sources of electricity such as wind and solar. Simulations are performed over scenarios with different electricity prices and the implications of being able to utilise Vehicle-to-Grid is studied. Results from simulations show that the intelligent charging algorithm effectively can reduce costs by approximately 30% on average compared to regular charging when the charging sessions last for 7 hours. Vehicle-to-Grid was seen to only be able to reduce costs in simulations with inexpensive batteries on days when there was a large difference in electricity price. The intelligent charging was able to save as much as 500 SEK for long charging sessions with expensive batteries, and powerful chargers. Results show a promising future for an intelligent charging algorithm to be used in order to improve the efficiency of electric vehicle charging.Elektriska fordon spelar en viktig roll för målet att skapa en tranportindustri som inte förlitar sig på fossila bränslen. Utmaningen att göra elektriska fordon så effektiva som möjligt innefattar många nya områden som ligger utanför det faktiska tillverkandet, som laddinfrastruktur, elnät och marknader för elektricitetshandel. Detta examensarbete modellerar laddning av elektriska fordon med Markov-beslutsprocesser och använder algoritmer från förstärkt inlärning för att ta fram en intelligent laddalgoritm. Denna algoritm kan ta indata från koncept som elpris och batteridegradering samt räkna med elektriska förluster, allt för att minska driftkostnad och göra det mer värdefullt att använda elfordon. Modeller för hur spänning varierar används och data för hur batterier degraderas används från moderna rapporter inom batteriteknologi. Den intelligenta laddalgoritmen jämförs med andra tillvägagångssätt att ladda, bland annat ett som motsvarar hur laddning ofta utförs idag. Vehicle-to-Grid är en lovande framtida teknologi som innebär att elektriska fordon kan ladda ur energi ur sina batterier och sälja tillbaka till elnätet för att reducera belastningar i nätet, dels på grund av ökad efterfrågan men också på grund av att elnätet i framtiden kan bestå av mindre pålitliga men förnyelsebara energikällor som solceller och vindkraft. Simuleringar körs över situationer med olika elpris och effekterna av att kunna använda Vehicle-to-Grid studeras. Resultat visar på att intelligent laddning kan spara ungefär 30% av kostnaderna i snitt. Simuleringarna visar att Vehicle-to-Grid endast kan spara kostnader då batterierna är billiga och då elpriset uppvisar stora variationer. Den intelligenta laddningsalgoritmen kun de spara upp till 500 SEK vid laddsessioner som varade en lång tid, med dyra batterier och med kraftfulla laddare. Resultaten visar på en lovande framtid för intelligenta laddalgorimer att användas för att öka effektiviteten inom laddning av elektriska fordon.
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Ferguson, Josephus. "Local Charging Behavior on GaN Surfaces." VCU Scholars Compass, 2010. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/82.
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Gallium nitride is an important III-V semiconductor which is used in many optoelectronic and high-frequency devices. The nature of the GaN surface and its electrical characteristics can impact the performance of such devices. In this study, several GaN surfaces are locally charged using an atomic force microscope, and then subsequently studied by measuring the surface potential with scanning Kelvin probe microscopy (SKPM). The charging and discharging behavior of the surface appears to be strongly influenced by surface preparation and the presence of a surface oxide layer. If a substantial oxide layer exists, then both positive and negative charging is possible on n-type and p-type samples. Surface treatments and photoemission spectroscopy (XPS) data confirm the presence and influence of the oxide layer on surface charging behavior. In the case of forward-bias charging, a small change in surface contact potential (0.1 – 0.3 eV) is observed that is primarily due to a small voltage drop across the surface oxide. Reverse-bias charging produces a substantially larger change in surface potential (~1 – 3 eV) that must be explained by a large increase in surface band bending. Temperature-dependent SKPM measurements also indicate that the decay behavior of deposited surface charge in dark involves a thermionic mechanism.
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Ahlqvist, Stina. "Charging the Void : (Perception Odd Logic)." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Arkitekthögskolan vid Umeå universitet, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-138799.
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As a concern for how new city developments invest in commercial public space of economic activity rather than cultural activity and inclusion, part of a global trend and also the case of Umeå’s ambition to reach the population growth of 200 000 inhabitants by the year of 2050. The question to be asked in this regard is what kind of effect does this produce on the way we as local inhabitants can take control and be part of the creation of our own living environment? Or are we just victims of a life consumed by slow decay due to the capital dominance? In relation to this main concern, the project has been developing through the aspect of acknowledging inferior space and abandoned objects as a method and typology to analyze alternative ways to perceive the city off based the logic of clear function and use, but in terms of human interaction and subjective perception of space. The point of departure and important key element for this development derived from the early stages of research and influential work by Robert Smithson’s Monuments of Passaic New Jersey, (1967) with a main quote on the description of Smithson’s work and the term of monuments, here defined by Ann Reynolds as: “how something plot out and charge a space with meaning” Learning from memory traces of an abandoned set of futures evoked the idea and strive towards creating space not tied to a specific use or function, but as a collaboration and juxtaposition between form and the viewer’s experience. In add to an understanding of a presence which ties together the past and the present as an indirect translation of the developed concept for contemporary Ruins, as the perception of void. The ruins association to object defined through the observer became a guideline towards the aim of designing nonhierarchical space, free of us and interpreted by the visitor within the city scape. Based on this foundation this thesis aims to examine the possibilities of architectural structures which can encourage and create conditions for new cultural and social meetings. The abstract concept of space and deliberate openness to interpretation can allow the visitor to take co-authorship of their own living environment based on their personal understanding and imagination of that space. The action is by deliberate disjunction between form and viewer’s experience forced by a superimposition plan as a design strategy for redeveloping the current Döbelns Park into a new culture park in the city context of Umeå, Västerbotten, Sweden. Fragments of the park will in add create a system of integrated monumental sculpture scapes, as a network of in-between small scale interventions adapting to specific site conditions together with implemented greenery. To secure areas within the city scape with access to greenery and social interactive meeting points, part of the Urban strategy.
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Jaensirisak, Sittha. "Road user charging: acceptability and effectiveness." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2002. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/667/.
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One of the major barriers to implementation of road user charging is how to design a scheme that is simultaneously acceptable to the public and effective in achieving its objective. The aim of this research was to study how road user charging can be designed to achieve acceptability and effectiveness. Acceptability was reflected by voting behaviour, in which individuals were asked whether they were willing to vote for charging schemes. Effectiveness in reducing congestion was evaluated by mode switching of commuters. The research demonstrated the effects of the system benefits (car and bus travel time reduction, environmental improvement and revenue use) and the system features (charging levels, charging methods, charged times and charged areas). It also investigated the impacts of personal characteristics and perceptions. The research also examined the effect of selfish and social perspectives, reflected by the perceptions of benefits to self and to society, on acceptability. Paper based SP questionnaires were distributed to residents and employees in Leeds and London between November 2000 and March 2001. A total of 830 responses were received. The analysis technique was based on random utility theory, which was used to formulate the multinomial-logit based models. The standard logit model was used to demonstrate the overall effects of variables for the whole sample. The segmentation model, based on the incremental factors, was used to identify the different effects for different groups of people. The random parameters logit model was used to examine taste variations (heterogeneity) among individuals frorn unobserved factors, which were unable to be captured by the segmentation model. The study found that although more highly effective charging schemes (with higher levels of charge) were less acceptable, while more highly acceptable schemes (with lower levels of charge) were not substantially less effective. In other words, effective charging schemes were not always unacceptable. Acceptability varies substantially across system characteristics. Acceptable road user charging schemes can be designed by limiting the area of charge to within the city centre and having a fixed charge per day. Support would be increased significantly if the scheme was expected to bring substantial environmental improvement. Over 50% of people would vote for this scheme, if the charging level is less than £3 per day in Leeds, and less than £7 per day in London. Effectiveness in reducing car use had a small variation across the factors. Overall, any charging system is relatively effective in reducing car commuting. Even at £l per day, over 20% of car commuters in Leeds and about 30% in London would switch to non-car modes or uncharged times. When the charge rises to £7 per day, the reductions would increase to around 40%. A small number of non-car users would change to use cars because of car delayed-time reductions. The acceptability and effectiveness can be improved by provision of clear information on the principles and objectives of charging, on the severity of congestion and pollution, on the adverse effects of car use, and on the effectiveness of road user charging in reducing the problems. In addition, individuals need to be convinced that road user charging will provide benefits both to themselves and to society as a whole. In brief, this research suggests that the relationship between acceptability and effectiveness of road user charging schemes is not high. It is not simply the case that highly effective schemes are less acceptable. Road user charging can be designed to achieve high acceptability and effectiveness.
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Johansson, Hjort Kim, and Johan Virtanen. "Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructures In Cities : - A case study of Uppsala." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för teknikvetenskaper, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-253710.
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The thesis develops a model for deployment of public charging stations for electric vehicles and hybrids in the city of Uppsala in relation to the electricity demand. Areas for deployment of public charging stations has been determined through traffic flow analysis and is displayed in a map over the city of Uppsala. The model was constructed using three different prognoses for an increase of electric vehicles and hybrids. Through the prognoses the electricity demand has been determined and the number of public charging stations in relation to the electricity demand. It could be concluded that future public charging stations is difficult to predict due to uncertainties concerning the future electric vehicle market. In this study it is concluded that the number of public charging stations would not have a significant impact on the total electricity use in the city of Uppsala.
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Hart, Andrew Evan. "Search for disappearing tracks in proton-proton collisions at √s = 13 TeV." The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1517587469347379.
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Wang, Andrew Eric. "Driving Forces for the Triboelectric Charging of Well-Defined Insulating Material Surfaces." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1588612948239934.
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Ingvarsson, Emelie, and David Hansson. "Adaptive Charging System : Anpassningsbart laddningssystem för elbilar." Thesis, Halmstad University, School of Business and Engineering (SET), 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-4992.
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Bjerre, Johan. "Load management for a telecom charging system." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Computer and Information Science, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-15220.
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There are a huge number of customers using Ericsson’s prepaid telecom charging system. This means that even the smallest optimization done in its management of load results in a big win when considering time and CPU usage. Ericsson wishes therefore to learn about how the load management can be improved considering speed, i.e. faster response to load changes.
In this thesis work two subsystems of the prepaid telecom system are modeled. The first subsystem treats and prepares the telecom activity before it enters the second subsystem which checks if there is coverage for the action that the telecom activity asks for to be performed. A model which is an emulation of the subsystems is built using c++. It captures the timing of the real system not the logic or function. The c++ approach is compared to a Matlab approach which runs much slower in simulation. In addition, the model enables full view of the queue sizes and the rejects made by the regulator.
Verification has been performed with self generated data based on synthetic test cases. Verification and analysis show that the model captures the intended behavior of load management. Information about different software parameters and its influence on the output is obtained. Different scenarios are tested and the outcome discussed.
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Cederlöf, Mikael. "Inductive Charging of Electrical Vehicles - System Study." Thesis, KTH, Elektroteknisk teori och konstruktion, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-105417.
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A prerequisite of a fast increasing market of the electrical vehicles is the access to charging and reliability/accessibility of the charging systems. Wireless charging i.e. charging without a cord, is an interesting alternative that has been put forward during recent years. In this work a system study of topologies for inductively coupled power transfer over an air gap oftens of centimetres has been investigated. In order to obtain an effective power transfer compensation capacitors are used to achieve resonance circuits. In the thesis four different compensation topologies for inductively coupled power transfer are examined. Expressions for the compensation capacitances and the output voltage or current are derived. An example design for each of the four topologies capable of handling a transfer of 3 kW of power over an air gap of 20 cm with an efficiency of at least 96% is examined. These designs use an outer radius for both coils of 30 cm, and an operating frequency of 20 kHz. The efficiency only encompasses the windings, and does not take into account the efficiency of any power electronics before or after the coils. Prototype housing for the primary coil has been designed and built using basalt fibre reinforced high performance concrete, and magnetic measurements on the materials used are included in the report.
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Al-Tubuly, Abdulnasir. "Roaming Interoperability for Electric Vehicle Charging Networks." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/35157.
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The purpose of this thesis is to analyze the maturity and the performance of the currently available roaming solutions that provide interoperability and roaming services to Electrical Vehicle Charging Networks.
At least three different entities are involved in an Electrical Vehicle (EV) charging roaming scenario, namely the EV, the home charging network and the visited charging network. All of these entities have to interface and interact with each other on the physical and the communication protocols level.
The Open Clearing House Protocol (OCHP) roaming protocol is implemented and its performance is evaluated against the e-Clearing.net test platform. The protocol functionality for billing and its suitability for different scenarios is also evaluated. Furthermore, an extension to the protocol is proposed to support prepaid subscription, and its performance is also estimated.
The findings of this study have verified the performance and the maturity of the OCHP protocol, and strongly recommends the implementation of roaming protocols and clearing houses. The estimated performance of the proposed extension confirmed that both prepaid and postpaid billing can be realized using the tested roaming protocol and clearing house implementations.
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Hassan, Mohammad Yusri. "MW-mile charging methodology for wheeling transaction." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2004. http://digitool.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=28860.
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Deregulation of the electric utility industry has taken place in many countries. This resulted in the unbundling of the vertically integrated utilities into separate generation, transmission and distribution businesses. Since then, the pricing of the use of transmission system has become one of the major issues. The issue concerns the way the cost of transmission services is satisfactorily allocated among the involved parties. In the context of the transmission utilities, the issue is how the cost of transmission service can be recovered while in the customers of transmission services point of view, the issue is how such services can be offered at the most reasonable price. Several strategies for pricing the use of transmission services have been proposed but there is no clear evidence on which one is better in providing adequate economic signal to the different parties. This thesis introduces a new approach called Negative Flow Sharing Approach to allocate the wheeling transaction charges among the users in transmission services. The proposed approach was developed using the properties of MW-mile method but taking into consideration the economic benefits of both trading parties through analysing their shares in negative power flow or counter flow. This approach is incorporated with the Justified Distribution Factor and an Incremental Absolute Approach to form a better wheeling charge allocation scheme that can overcome the problem that arises due to the allocation method, identification of counterflow users and revenue reconciliation of transmission services. Four case studies which are based on the 5 bus system, 9 bus system, IEEE-14 bus system and the 6 bus system were used in order to evaluate its concept and application. This thesis concludes with discussions on the case studies results by highlighting the merit of the proposed approach over the existing MW-mile approaches in providing sufficient return revenue to the transmission owner as well as a fair charge to the transmission user regardless of transaction arrangements and locations.
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陳兆和 and Siu-wo Chan. "Coordination of group charging for electric vehicles." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B3122569X.
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Hexeberg, Line Fiskum. "Strategies for Smart Charging of Electric Vehicles." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for elkraftteknikk, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-26583.
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The electrification of the transport sector is put on the agenda as an important means to reduce the greenhouse gas emissions in Norway, EU and other parts of the world. Chargeable vehicles have the potential to reduce the greenhouse gas emissions both because they are four to five times more energy effective than today’s petrol-powered vehicles, and because the electricity they use can come from renewable production. Questions regarding sufficient access of conventional oil and increasing challenges with local emissions will also contribute in the electrification of the transport sector [1].The electrification of the transport sector brings with it some challenges. The charging of the electric vehicles leads to an increase in demand. If no sort of smart control of the charging is put in place, it could be safe to assume that many vehicle owners would plug-in their vehicles when they come home from their last journey of the day, leading to an increase in power demand at the time when there already might be a peak in demand. This charging regime is often referred to as “dumb charging”.This thesis focuses on “smart strategies” for charging of electric vehicles and presents two “smart strategies” for charging of the electric vehicles, the profit maximization scenario and the power factor control scenario. In these scenarios it is assumed that a control system is put in place so that specific chargers can be instructed to change the power factor and to begin and stop charging. The technical specifications of this control system has not been studied, it is simply assumed that such a control system is put in place. In the profit maximization scenario, it is assumed that technology facilitating the electric vehicles to discharge energy back to the grid is put in place. The electric vehicles are then instructed to charge when the electricity prices are low and discharge back to the grid when the electricity prices are high. Since the demand and electricity price pattern follows a similar pattern (high prices when the demand is high, and low prices when the demand is low), this procedure should have a smoothing effect on the demand pattern with the right choice of parameters.In the power factor control scenario, all electric vehicles are assumed to be plugged-in and start charging as soon as they return from the last journey of the day. When there are voltages in the grid below a certain value, electric vehicles charging at that time is instructed to reduce the charging power factor. By reducing the power factor, reactive power can be injected into the grid.To demonstrate the principles, algorithms have been developed and implemented in MATLAB for both the dumb charging scenario and the two smart charging scenarios. A model of the IEEE 13 node test feeder has been modelled in MATPOWER, and power flow simulations of the three charging scenarios have been run, assuming a vehicle adoption of 50%. The algorithms’ success has then been rated according to their capability to avoid low voltages on the demand nodes in this test case. For the purpose of this thesis it is assumed that the designed model is a distribution network in Norway. Therefore the base demand pattern used in the simulations follows the actual base demand pattern for a chosen 24-hour period in Norway.The results from the simulations showed that the when all vehicles were charged as soon as they return from their last journey of the day, it resulted in a major peak in demand, and thus a reduction of the voltage between 18:00 and 21:00.Both smart strategies presented in this thesis improved the voltage profile. While the lowest node voltage in the simulations of the dumb charging scenario was 0.915 pu, the lowest node voltage in the profit maximization scenario was 0.932, and the lowest voltage in the power factor control scenario was 0.934 pu.In the profit maximization scenario, the demand profile, and thus the voltage profile, did however not smooth out as much as expected. Since the electricity prices changes when there is a change in demand, the algorithm is designed to find the charging schedule for one vehicle at the time, changing the electricity prices in between. A further study on this scenario should focus on finding a better relationship between changes in demand and electricity prices.In the power factor control scenario, the minimum voltage allowed was not avoided at all nodes in the designed test case. The simulations showed that one of the nodes experienced a voltage violation. This scenario did however only assume that the vehicles were only available for grid services the first eight hours after the return of the last journey of the day. If the vehicles were available at other times too, this voltage violation could however been avoided.
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Schultz, Aaron M. "Digital control of contactless battery charging system." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/37031.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1995.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 230-234).
by Aaron M. Schultz.
Ph.D.
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Brodsky, Misha (Misha G. ). 1968. "Charging of small two-dimensional electron puddles." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/8829.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Physics, 2000.Includes bibliographical references (p. 138-147).
We study electron additions in 2D quantum dots of varying sizes and over a wide range of electron densities using Single Electron Capacitance Spectroscopy For high electron densities in dots of any size, we observe a conventional pattern of nearly periodic Coulomb blockade However, the addition spectra of electron droplets larger than 0.2 [mu]m diameter and below a critical electron density (no = 1 x 1011cm-2 in all of our dots) are highly nonperiodic and contain pairs and bunches two or more successive electrons can enter the dot at nearly the same energy; they show almost no sign of repelling each other Application of high perpendicular magnetic field increases n0 , creating a sharp boundary between periodic and "paired" parts of the addition spectrum Previously, we hypothesized that disorder and electron interactions within the low-density dot split it into two spatially separate droplets, and pairing arises once this localization occurs. We have produced experiments to study this transition in a controlled fashion. One probes the spatial extent of electronic wave functions by investing the dependence of these energies on changes in the dot confirming potential We find that for low electron densities, electrons occupy distinct spatial sites localized within the dot At higher densities, the electrons become delocalized, and all wavefuncions are spread over the full dot area The transition occurs around the critical electron density n0 = 1 x 1011cm-2 For densities Just below the critical density our data establish the existence of electronic states localized at the dot's periphery We also create a dot with a potential profile containing two minimal separated by a barrier. Our studies conclusively demonstrate that under precisely the same conditions for observation of the paired electron additions, a low-density electron droplet inside the dot indeed splits up into smaller fragments, each resigning a disorder minimum We find that the two electrons added as a pair actually enter into spatially-distinct regions within a dot and we measure the remnant residual interact between the fragments Surprisingly, it displays nearly complete independence on the strength of the applied field for fields larger than required for the localization transition.
by Misha Brodsky.
Ph.D.
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Yeh, Theresa (Theresa I. ). "Efficient wireless charging with gallium nitride FETs." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/91881.
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Thesis: M. Eng., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2014.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 74-77).
Though wireless charging is more convenient than traditional wired charging methods, it is currently less efficient. This not only wastes power but can also result in a longer charging time. Improving the efficiency of wireless charging systems is equivalent to reducing the sources of loss in the system. In this work, we focus on losses originating from the transistor. Resonant inductive wireless charging systems were designed and implemented for efficiency comparisons. We show in our experiments that replacing the traditional Silicon MOSFET with a Gallium Nitride FET can increase the overall system efficiency by 5%.
by Theresa Yeh.
M. Eng.
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Smith, Richard Andrew. "Single electron charging in nanoscale silicon wires." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.624967.
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Li, Tianjun. "Chargino and neutralino studies for future colliders." 2000. http://www.library.wisc.edu/databases/connect/dissertations.html.
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Chian-Shu, Chen, and 陳堅旭. "Some lepton EDM contribution from chargino and neutrilino two-loop." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/78151275198270819133.
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碩士國立清華大學
物理學系
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We calculate the lepton EDM from two-loop with chargino and neutrilino in minimal supersymmetriy standard model (MSSM). We derive an equation which can also be used in other cases involving different fermions. Besides three gauge bosons coupling is also investigated, in on-shell cases there are seven form factors. And we calculate three of them with CP odd property.
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Glatzer, Julian. "Probing mSUGRA with a search for chargino-neutralino production using trileptons." 2008. http://hdl.rutgers.edu/1782.2/rucore10001600001.ETD.17479.
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Saif, Harith N. "Chargino-neutralino production in pp̄-collisions for the left-right supersymmetric model." Thesis, 1992. http://spectrum.library.concordia.ca/6093/1/NN84666.pdf.
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An extension of the supersymmetric standard model to the supersymmetric SU(2)$\sb{\rm L}$ x SU(2)$\sb{\rm R}$ x U(1)$\sb{\rm B-L}$ model is considered. The gauge group contains bi-doublet and triplet Higgs fields. In this work we have considered chargino (charged gauginos mixed with higgsinos) and neutralino (neutral gauginos mixed with higgsinos) eigenstates for the left-right supersymmetric (L-R SUSY) model. After mixing, in the minimal supersymmetric model (MSSM), there are two charginos and four neutralinos. In the L-R supersymmetric model, in addition to four charginos there are three neutralinos generated from the first symmetry breaking, and four neutralinos generates from the second symmetry breaking. The mixings are in general model dependent. In the minimal SUSY and L-R SUSY models, these mixings can be parameterized in terms of a few parameters. We find analytical expressions and numerical solutions for the mass eigenstates with some restrictions on the L-R parameters. We also investigate the possibility of detecting chargino and neutralino production in pp-collisions at CDF, namely $\rm p\bar{p}\to W\sbsp{L,R}{-} + X\to\ \sbsp{\chi\sb{j}}{\sim\sb-}\sbsp{\chi\sb{i}}{\sim0} + X.$ The expressions for these inclusive cross-sections are solved numerically, using parton model distributions. We have used $\rm \tilde{M}\sb\chi -= 45\ GeV,$ tan$\beta$ = 1 and a lower bound on the lightest supersymmetric particle (LSP) mass, $\tilde\chi$ = 14 GeV. Finally we take $\rm M\sb{WR}\ge 300$ GeV for $\rm g\simeq g\sb{L}\simeq g\sb{R}.$ In the pp-center of mass frame we find the cross sections are: $\rm \sigma\sb{L}(p\bar{p}\to W\sbsp{L}{-} + X\to\sbsp{\chi\sb{j}}{\sim\sb-}\sbsp{\chi\sb{i}}{\sim0} + X)\approx0.11$ nb, and $\rm \sigma\sb{R}(p\bar{p}\to W\sbsp{R}{-} + X\to\sbsp{\chi\sb{j}}{\sim\sb-}\sbsp{\chi\sb{i}}{\sim0} + X)\approx4.6$ pb, and thus $\rm \sigma\sb{L}\ge24\sigma\sb{R}$ at $\sqrt{\rm s}$ = 1.8 TeV. Cross sections are also given for larger values of the center of mass energy $\sqrt{\rm s}$ up to those available at the SSC. The results are compared with the prompt-lepton background of the $\rm W\sbsp{L,R}{-}$ decays from $\rm p\bar{p}\to W\sbsp{L,R}{-} + X\to\ell\sp-\nu\sb{\ell L,R} + X.$ Both decays for $\rm W\sbsp{L,R}{-}$-bosons show Jacobian peaks for $\rm p\sb{T} = \sqrt{\{s}}/2\simeq M\sb{WL}/2\simeq40$ GeV $\rm (p\sb{T}\simeq 150$ GeV for M$\sb{\rm WR})$ at $\theta=90\sp\circ.$ Furthermore the chargino signature unlike the prompt-lepton background is symmetric under the Jacobian peak. We also exhibit the dependence of the angular distribution of the chargino on the c.m angle $\theta$ for $\rm p\sb{T} = 40$ GeV, 150 GeV at $\sqrt{\rm s} = 1.8$ TeV.
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De, la Cruz de Oña Artorix. "CP phases in the chargino sector of the left right supersymmetric model." Thesis, 2005. http://spectrum.library.concordia.ca/8538/1/MR10210.pdf.
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We investigate the chargino sector of the left-right supersymmetric model. We consider the most general mass and mixing parameters, including all CP-violating phase. We present a consistent procedure for the calculation of the analytical expressions for the chargino mass eigenstates and eigenvectors. We then follow with the analysis of the cross section for chargino pair production e+e- {602} c&d5;+i c&d5;-j and its dependence of the CP-violating phases was done. We explore also different possible experimental scenarios and signatures.