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Journal articles on the topic 'Charitable and educational Foundations'
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1
ADLOFF, FRANK. "What encourages charitable giving and philanthropy?" Ageing and Society 29, no. 8 (October 15, 2009): 1185–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x08008295.
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ABSTRACTIn recent years, increasing public attention has been paid to voluntary action, civic engagement and philanthropy. It is in this framework that the growing numbers of childless older people are regarded as a valuable source of charitable giving. In fact, by giving to philanthropic foundations – instead of consuming their wealth or leaving inheritances – childless donors may develop into pioneers in the field of post-familial civic engagement. The article explores the circumstances under which childless older people adopt this behaviour in both Germany and the United States of America. It is found that making large donations or setting up philanthropic foundations is still an elite phenomenon, but on the other hand that establishing a foundation is attractive for childless people, both as a means of ensuring that one's name lives on, and as a way of organising bequests. Educational level, ill-health, social capital and religiosity all positively reinforce the inclination of childless people to transfer resources to charities. It is also shown that the institutional framework or organised fundraising has a large role in fostering charitable giving among the childless. The framework of charity organisations and fund raising in the country of residence plays an important role in determining the expansion and democratisation of charitable giving.
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AFTYKA, LESZEK. "PHILANTHROPY IN ANCIENT TIMES: SOCIAL AND EDUCATIONAL ASPECTS." Journal of Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University 6, no. 1 (April 17, 2019): 149–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.15330/jpnu.6.1.149-154.
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The article presents the data of ancient times philanthropy that stemmed from community life and was a consequence of the social nature of man; in Rome, for the first time, social and educational activity was formalized, which resulted from moral and legal norms; in the Judaic religion, help to the needy was treated as one of the most important religious practices. The article discusses the most important forms of social aid in the Western antiquity. Charity, volunteering presented as important components of the social and educational activities of modern institutions. The author emphasizes the need for the formation and development of humanistic consciousness, spiritual and moral consciousness of citizens. Therefore, cooperation between educational institutions, families, non-governmental organizations, volunteer movements, charitable foundations for the expansion of active charitable activities, and the creation of a humanistic society is required.
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Aftyka, Leszek, and Piotr Mazur. "Charitable Work of the Church in the Polish Lands in the XIX Century and its Impact on Education." Journal of Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University 7, no. 1 (April 21, 2020): 129–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.15330/jpnu.7.1.129-133.
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The Catholic Church in the Polish lands in the XIX century has had numerous charity works. The charitable activities were seen as the task of God's commandment of love. The purpose of this activity was to support poor people in the form of satisfying basic material needs and achieving adequate personal development. The article discusses the most important forms of assistance provided by religious orders, as well as clerical and lay organizations. The author draws attention to the charity's impact on education and the formation of humanistic values in society. Many priests set up organisations that had such names as: “Star”, “Aurora”, “Fatherland”, “Rock”. Their main objective was to raise up education standards and stimulate patriotism and solidarity among young people. Therefore, cooperation between educational institutions, families, non-governmental organizations, volunteer movements, charitable foundations for the expansion of active charitable activities, and the creation of a humanistic society is required. Nowadays it is extremely important to revive philanthropy and altruism in every country. Currently, there are foundations, organizations aimed at carrying out charitable activities and attracting to the charity all who wish to serve the cause of raising Christian morality, culture, education, art, support of the poor. Thus, this is important to promote it in the educational field as well. After all, many young people are ready to help financially or spiritually those who need it; they seek to invest time, money and talent into a rapidly growing charity. Here we see an important role of the Catholic Church, which influences the development of the spirituality of the individual.
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Kanah, Ammar. "Modern ideological foundations of the Muslim Brotherhood Association." Ukrainian Religious Studies, no. 25 (December 27, 2002): 23–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.32420/2003.25.1423.
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In almost every country in the world there are Muslim communities, numbering over one billion. Much of the Muslims are concentrated in the Middle and Middle East, where there are various political and civic organizations that take an active part in the life of the Islamic world and influence the development of modern society. Among them are organizations that provide regional stability and coordinate interstate relations. These are the League of Arab States, the Organization of the Islamic Conference and several others. International non-governmental organizations, such as the League of the Islamic World, the People's Islamic Congress, and numerous non-governmental religious and political organizations, are constantly active. There are many charitable, educational, cultural or political organizations within the laws of their countries.
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Arabadzhy, Natalia, and Iryna Korniienko. "RETROSPECTIVE AND MODERN ASPECTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF CHARITY." Baltic Journal of Economic Studies 4, no. 5 (February 11, 2019): 256. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/2256-0742/2018-4-5-256-265.
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The article considers the retrospective and modern aspects of the development of charitable activity in the socio-economic sense, which is the assistance to other persons at the expense of own welfare or free time, and provided that this assistance does not harm other persons and is carried out within the law. Charity should benefit not only the immediate recipient of benefit but also society as a whole. The authors emphasize that the conducted study supports their hypothesis that under the conditions of globalization, society increasingly focuses on social issues that arise as a result of insufficient state resources and so charity becomes a factor in their successful resolution. The development of charity is a system of social, economic, and cultural factors. One of the stages of the development of charity was the creation of charitable foundations specializing in various fields: scientific, cultural, sporting, educational projects, assistance to needy families, help for orphanages, hospitals, fundraising for expensive treatment and other projects. In today’s world, the attitude towards charity as a professional occupation has become widespread, becoming a “social norm.” Charitable funds are a separate and important component of the charitable institution. The concept of “charity” came into the public consciousness as a humanistic call of a person to go to the needy, regardless of religious, national, racial, social affiliation or political or ideological beliefs. Retrospective analysis showed that forms of philanthropy in the advanced form existed already in ancient Rome and ancient Greece; in medieval Europe, they already acquired the status of state and social policy at the legislative level. In the Christian aspect of ancient Rus of the adoption of the Orthodox faith in 988, the foundations of charity are laid as socio-ethical norms of society. In the second half of the XVIII century, as a result of secularization, charitable societies, hospitals, almshouses, open by public organizations and private individuals arise, that is, there are social and state institutions of charity. And charitable funds, which are socio-economic professional activities, are beginning to develop. From ancient to modern times, charitable activity is carried out in the forms of patronage, sponsorship, volunteering, fundraising. Modern trends of charity include: increase of the non-profit sector and its internationalization; cooperation of charitable foundations, development of a social partnership with business, state bodies, and foreign funds; professionalization through the creation of network charity. In turn, charity abroad is characterized by growing professionalism, a variety of forms and programs of cooperation, the growth and expansion of the sphere itself and its importance for non-profit, in particular, socio-cultural activities. The undisputed leader in this area is the USA – the birthplace of modern sponsorship and fundraising. The authors conditionally distinguish three levels of charity. The typology and general characteristics of foreign charitable foundations, typical for the USA, European countries, and Ukraine, are presented. Features of creation and functioning of quasi-public funds are considered. On a global scale, the foreign activity of the US foundations is significant, and the expenditures exceed the official foreign aid budgets of many countries. However, their presence in Ukraine is relatively low. The volume of support is negligible compared to official support amounts: according to the OECD, the amount of grants actually received by Ukraine from other states and multilateral donors in 2011–2017 amounted to more than 5 billion USD while less than 0.1 billion USD came to Ukraine from US foundations. But this does not exclude the role of private donors in solving certain problems, in particular, in terms of supporting civil society, protecting the rights of vulnerable groups of the population, etc.
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Förster, Sarah. "Foundations in Germany: Social Welfare." American Behavioral Scientist 62, no. 12 (May 21, 2018): 1715–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002764218777286.
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The article presents the aims, approaches, and activities of German social welfare foundations and how they position themselves toward other actors in the field of social welfare provision. The field is characterized by competition and the opening up of the system to deal with the societal challenges of increased demand heterogeneity through migration and demographic changes. Differences in size and approach of the foundations are the main focus and reveal a different understanding and fit toward the challenges of changing demand between old and new subsidiarity. Besides the mutual identity of social foundations in aiming at relief, the large operating foundations more often identify with change, they act complementary and more often consider other actors as important for their work. The small foundations in the field have a charitable–substitutive self-conception.
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Mgoqi, Wallace. "The Work of the Legal Resources Centre in South Africa in the Area of Human Rights Promotion and Protection." Journal of African Law 36, no. 1 (1992): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021855300009682.
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The Legal Resources Centre (LRC) is a non-profit-making law centre. Its aims are to encourage belief in the value of law as an instrument of justice and to give practical effect to this goal by providing legal and educational services in the public interest. It is controlled and funded by the Legal Resources Trust (LRT) which is a South African charitable and educational trust registered under the Fundraising Act. It is supported by development agencies, corporations, charitable foundations and concerned individuals. The trustees include judges, senior advocates and attorneys. For the fiscal year April 1990 to March 1991 the trustees of the LRT approved a budget of R8.5 million for the work of the LRC's offices.The LRC was established after nation-wide consultations on the desirability of a legal resources centre produced positive feedback from a wide range of constituencies, and it became operational at the beginning of 1979. It seeks to fulfil the following purposes:(a) To provide legal representation for litigants in any court of law, tribunal or body before whom a party may be represented by counsel or attorney.(b) To conduct a programme in legal education and conduct seminars of educational value.(c) To engage in research in legal areas including all matters relevant to the effective administration of justice.(d) To publish the results of any research undertaken by it, and any material relevant to its objects.
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Cherepania, Mariia. "COOPERATION OF BOADINGT SCHOOLS WITH CHARITABLE ORGANIZATIONS OF TRANSCARPATHIA OF THE FIRST HALF OF THE XX CENTURY." Scientific Bulletin of Uzhhorod University. Series: «Pedagogy. Social Work», no. 1(48) (May 27, 2021): 439–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2524-0609.2021.48.439-443.
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The activities of boarding schools in Transcarpathia in the first half of the XX-th century were organized and carried out with the direct participation of the state, but the active support of such institutions was carried out by various charitable organizations. The purpose of the article is to study the areas of cooperation of boarding schools in Transcarpathia in the first half of the XX-th century with charitable organizations. Methods applied: search and bibliographic method exists for the study of archival and library catalogs, collections and descriptions; content analysis of archival materials in order to identify the retro features of the organization and the content of cooperation of boarding schools of Transcarpathia with charitable organizations; interpretation and generalization − in order to update and identify ways to implement constructive historical experience in the modern practice of institutional care, formulation of conclusions, recommendations. The formation and development of boarding schools in Transcarpathia in the first half of the twentieth century depended primarily on the educational and social policy of the states to which the Transcarpathian lands belonged. Also, the activities of boarding schools of the first half of the XX-th century were accompanied by the active support of charitable public organizations that operated during the stay of the Transcarpathian lands as part of both Austria-Hungary and Czechoslovakia, including: League for the Protection of Children (creation of boarding schools at craft schools; holding charity events; supporting families in difficult life circumstances; organization of children's rehabilitation campaigns); the union «Shkolskaia pomoch» /»School help»/ (cooperation in the field of education of pupils of boarding schools, actively carries out student actions); union «Nadiya»/»Hope»/ (guardianship of war veterans' children); union of church teachers (guardianship of orphans of parish and state teachers, assistance in teaching in pedagogical education institutions); union «Patronage» (care for single mothers); counseling center «To our children»(care for the health of vulnerable children); Masaryk League against tuberculosis (children's recovery). Coordination of the actions of this unions, charitable foundations, public organizations was established on April 31, 1923 in the town Mukachevo. This work was carried out by the regional branch of the State Committee for Youth Guardianship, which was opened in the town Mukachevo in 1923.
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Ivanyshyn, Volodymyr, and Oksana Bialkovska. "Problems and prospects of human potential development in rural areas of Ukraine." University Economic Bulletin, no. 46 (September 1, 2020): 76–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.31470/2306-546x-2020-46-76-82.
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The subject of the research is theoretical and practical aspects of the formation, development and growth of human potential in rural areas of Ukraine. The purpose of the work is to identify the problems of forming the human potential of rural areas of the country and substantiate strategic guidelines and promising areas and means of solving them to ensure its growth and sustainable development. Methodological basis of the article is the use of modern theoretical provisions of the economy of the national economy, rural territories, the reproduction of human potential; General scientific and special methods of knowledge: demographic, statistical-economic, economic-mathematical, graphic. Results of work. It is determined that the human potential of rural areas of Ukraine is formed by demographic factors, employment and employment, income level, quality and social and environmental conditions of life. However, it is the narrowed natural reproduction, high unemployment and low incomes of rural residents that cause its deterioration and degradation. It is found that these and other problems should be solved by implementing state programs to support rural fertility, developing alternative activities and increasing employment, social and environmental development of rural areas. The field of application of results. The conclusions and suggestions of the article can be used by local governments, rural communities, public organizations, charitable foundations in solving problems of human development in rural areas, educational and scientific institutions in educational and scientific activities. Conclusions. Financial sources for the implementation of proposals can be monetary and other resources of agricultural enterprises, rural residents, rural communities, targeted state programs, public organizations and charitable foundations. Public-private partnership, social responsibility, social innovation, information and digital technologies should be used as tools for achieving these goals. When determining priorities for implementing these measures in practice, it is necessary to take into account the specifics of each locality, the region where they are located, as well as the decisions of rural communities. This will contribute to the revival of rural areas, increase the prestige of rural life, preserve the rural way of life, expand the reproduction of human capital and personal growth of human potential.
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Herzog, Patricia Snell, Chelsea Jacqueline Clark, and Una O. Osili. "American Behavioral Scientist Special Issue: The Science and Imagination of Living Generously." American Behavioral Scientist 63, no. 14 (May 20, 2019): 1835–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002764219850863.
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This special issue addresses the science and imagination of living generously. Generosity is investigated from multiple disciplinary approaches, across the seven articles included in the issue. The first article engages an economic approach to address heterogeneity and generosity for adult Americans, analyzing charitable giving before and after the great recession of 2008. The second article engages a psychological approach to investigate later life-course generosity by studying mortality salience – concerns over the end of life – and age effects on charitable donations. The third article engages sociological and management approaches to study how social science data impacts generosity, by investigating an interaction with data analytics during the life-course stages of emerging and young adulthood. The fourth article engages a psychological approach to examine earlier life-course dynamics, by studying whether and under what conditions children exhibit generosity of affection towards religious out-groups. The fifth article engages a psychological approach to investigate generosity, religion, and moral foundations for adults. The sixth article engages an economics approach to probe millennial generosity, challenging popular notions of greater selfishness in younger generations. The seventh article engages an educational approach to theorize connections between global and local ecological generosity in children’s stories, finding that creating stories together can be a tool to foster intergenerational transmission of care for the environment. Cumulatively, these seven article contribute new knowledge on generosity throughout complex and important life-course dynamics.
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Routh, Richard O. "The Strelley Community School Nyangumarta Language and Cultural Maintenance Program." Australian Journal of Indigenous Education 25, no. 2 (October 1997): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s132601110000274x.
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The Strelley Community School is an Aboriginal Independent Community School — the first one established in Western Australia in 1976 and remains the oldest continually operational school of its kind in Australia. The Nomads Charitable and Educational Foundation is the school authority responsible for articulating school policy and administration.There are now 13 Aboriginal Independent Community Schools in Western Australia and twenty three nationally (Mack,1995). They share a common philosophy of being non-government school systems created and administered by the community. Parents and students have a proactive role in determining school policies.
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Greenway, Tyler S., Joel Jin, Abigail M. Shepherd, and Sarah A. Schnitker. "Beyond the Liberal–Conservative Binary: Generosity, Religion, and a Latent Profile Analysis of Moral Foundations in a Christian Sample." American Behavioral Scientist 63, no. 14 (May 31, 2019): 1938–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002764219850867.
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This study conducted an experiment to examine the associations between moral foundations profiles, religion, and generosity ( N = 313). Previously identified profiles were replicated with latent profile analyses based on the Moral Foundations Questionnaire (MFQ). Four MFQ profiles (Neutral, High Moralist, Moderate, and Individuator) were identified in this study of Christian church attenders. Significant differences across these four profiles are associated with distinctions in generosity, some components of empathy, religiousness, and political ideology. Compared with the other three profiles, individuals with the Individuator profile donated more of their participant payment to a charitable organization run by a religious out-group (Muslims). In contrast, there were no differences between profiles on donations to the in-group, secular groups, or total donations. Religious fundamentalism was lowest among Individuators and highest among High Moralists, the latter of whom also reported higher interpersonal generosity than Moderates.
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Sribniak, Ihor. "Military Vocational and General Education of the Interned Soldiers of the UNR Army at Camp Strzałkowo in Poland (August 1921 – 1922): Realization Patterns." European Historical Studies, no. 16 (2020): 155–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2524-048x.2020.16.12.
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The article deals with the peculiarities of military-professional and general education of interned Ukrainian soldiers in the Strzałkowo camp (August 1921 – 1922). Due to this, the top political leadership and command of the Army of the Ukrainian People’s Republic hoped to lay the foundations for a conscious understanding of state needs and the priority of national interests. The task of establishing military-professional and general education of the military in the Strzałkowo camp was entrusted to the camp’s cultural and educational department, which was to interact with similar structures of individual units. Due to the total lack of any resources for these needs in the State Center of the Ukrainian People’s Republic in exile, the activities of educational centers in the Strzałkowo camp were always marked by great difficulties, as a result, the work of most educational courses and schools was irregular, which usually worsened the very quality of knowledge of the campers. But despite this situation, the initiative minority of campers managed to ensure the activities of a number of schools and educational courses, giving the rest of the internees the opportunity to fill their camp existence with constructive content. A very significant contribution to the work of most of the camp’s cultural and educational centers was made by the American Charitable Organization YМСА, which spared no expense for most of the educational needs of the campers. Camp public organizations, whose members were involved in teaching work with the rest of the camp, also contributed to the intensification of educational work in Strzałkowo, and in addition made every effort to improve their own general education level. It is thanks to this combination that a large number of camp teachers were able to prepare for admission and study in higher education institutions in Poland and the Czechoslovak Republic, adapting to the conditions of emigration.
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Shustova, Yulia. "O. S. Kyrychuk, I.V. Orlevych. Lviv Stauropegian Institute (1788–1914s). The Role in the Socio-Political, Cultural and Religious Life of Ukrainians in Galicia. Lviv: Logos, 2018. 288 p." Scientific Papers of the Vinnytsia Mykhailo Kotsyiubynskyi State Pedagogical University. Series: History, no. 35 (2021): 137–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.31652/2411-2143-2021-35-137-140.
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The article reviews the monograph by Alexandra Kirichuk and Irina Orlevich, which examines the activities of the Lviv Stavropigi Institute. This organization played a significant role in the socio-political, religious, cultural, educational, scientific life of the Ukrainians in Galicia. It arose as a result of the reform of the Lvov Ukspensky Stavropigian brotherhood in 1788. The chronological framework of the work covers the period from the transformation of the Lvov brotherhood into the Stavropigian Institute in 1788 until the outbreak of the First World War. More than a century of the organization's activity is considered in the broadest context of the spheres of public life in Lviv and Western Ukraine. The study was written on the basis of sources that are diverse in their species structure. Most of the sources are archival documents and are introduced into scientific circulation for the first time. The authors gave a detailed description of the legal and financial foundations of the activities of the Lviv Stavropigi Institute. The monograph provides a description of the achievements and failures of the Lviv Stavropegia in different spheres of public life in different periods. – The authors examined in detail the national-political, church-religious, cultural, educational, publishing and charitable activities of Stavropigia. The monograph by О. Kirichuk and I. Orleviy is a significant contribution to the study of the history of one of the most important institutions in the Ukrainian lands in the last quarter of the 18th – early 20th centuries.
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Mawer, Matt. "Approaches to Analyzing the Outcomes of International Scholarship Programs for Higher Education." Journal of Studies in International Education 21, no. 3 (January 11, 2017): 230–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1028315316687009.
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International scholarship programs for higher education attract a substantial body of funding each year from national governments, supranational bodies, large charitable foundations, higher education institutions, and many smaller organizations. With aims variously shaped by international development and public diplomacy considerations, international scholarships fund students at higher education institutions worldwide. As the investment in, and scope of, scholarship programs has expanded, concurrent commitment to analysis and evaluation of their outcomes—both to improve policy making and justify further funding—has increased. This article explores several of the key methodological and conceptual challenges in the evaluation of international scholarship outcomes, focusing on the relationship between aims and outcomes, difficulties with “attribution” and “contribution,” and scholarship programs in comparison with their alternatives. The relationship between evidence gathering and policy making is considered in context of international scholarship programs, and several potentially useful future developments in evaluation approaches are suggested.
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Subtelny, Maria Eva. "A Timurid Educational and Charitable Foundation: The Ikhlāṣiyya Complex of ʿAlī Shīr Navāʾī in 15th-Century Herat and Its Endowment." Journal of the American Oriental Society 111, no. 1 (January 1991): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/603748.
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Nelson, Ashlyn Aiko, and Beth Gazley. "The Rise of School-Supporting Nonprofits." Education Finance and Policy 9, no. 4 (October 2014): 541–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/edfp_a_00146.
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This paper examines voluntary contributions to public education via charitable school foundations, booster clubs, parent teacher associations, and parent teacher organizations. We use panel data on school-supporting charities with national coverage from 1995 to 2010, which we geocode and match to school districts. We document the meteoric rise of school-supporting nonprofits during this panel, and then estimate a series of regression models to examine the distributional consequences of voluntary contributions. We find relatively large districts have higher probabilities of receiving revenues from a school-supporting nonprofit but the level of per-pupil voluntary contributions declines with student enrollment. In addition, we find school districts with higher endowments have higher probabilities of being served by at least one school-supporting nonprofit and higher levels of per-pupil contributions. Finally, we find no evidence that impressive recent growth in the number and financial size of these school-supporting charities relates to reductions in the public financing of schools.
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Ispulova, S. N., and E. V. Oleynik. "Social Partnership: Main Areas of Cooperation." Social’naya politika i sociologiya 19, no. 4 (December 28, 2020): 136–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.17922/2071-3665-2020-19-4-136-144.
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the article is devoted to the mechanisms of implementation of social partnership of the state (Federal state budget educational institution of higher professional education “Nosov Magnitogorsk State Technical University”) and charitable public Association (Charitable Foundation (CF) “Metallurg”) in the social support of citizens, as well as determine ways to improve. The methodological basis of the research is the scientific statements of such scientists as A.G. Akramovskaya, E. Archambault, J. Kendall, T. Levitt, N. Smelser. The article presents the results of sociological studies conducted in 2015–2020 in the city of Magnitogorsk (Chelyabinsk region), which indicate, on the one hand, significant measures of social support for citizens by the CF “Metallurg”, and, on the other hand, the need to develop social partnership in order to increase its effectiveness. The results of the study allowed us to identify the most relevant issues that require special attention of the main subjects of the partnership under consideration: specialists of the public organization and teachers of the Department of Social Work and Psychological and Pedagogical Education of the university. These are: joint development and implementation of social projects aimed at providing social assistance and support to the most vulnerable categories of the population; development of the volunteer student movement and involvement of its best representatives in the implementation of social projects and programs; combining the theory and practice of social support for citizens.
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Andriichuk, Viktoriia. "TEACHING FINANCIAL LITERACY IN PRIMARY SCHOOL STUDENTS: INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE." Continuing Professional Education: Theory and Practice, no. 1 (2021): 81–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.28925/1609-8595.2021.1.10.
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The article is devoted to international experience in teaching financial literacy in elementary school students. The state of research is analyzed in the theory and practice of elementary education. This article reacts to the current situation in our society and the need for financial education in schools. The modern world requires financial and economic literacy. The essence of the concept and importance of financial literacy is considered. Appearances of scientists to interpret the concept of «financial literacy» are revealed. The author proposes an actual definition of financial literacy, which is understood as human skills to dispose of their own funds, possessing the basic financial knowledge, which will rationally take financial decisions. An analysis of international experience in teaching financial literacy and organization of educational process aimed at developing financial skills of elementary school students is carried out. Financial literacy and financial education are not new categories for the world experience of young education. The number of countries that implement financial literacy programs increases annually. So, in Europe there are more than 180 such programs. The study showed that it is extremely important to include financial literacy in the educational process in the elementary school an important role in learning students of the elementary school of financial literacy play relevant programs developed by ministries of finance, national banks, public organizations, charitable foundations, etc. that exist in different countries of the world (USA, Great Britain, Netherlands, Turkey and others). The author concludes that there is a need for mastering young competencies in various types of financial activity due to the peculiarities of the development of Ukrainian society. From these grounds for key competencies that should form into school students, financial literacy includes.
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Chao, Gary H., Maxwell K. Hsu, and Carol Scovotti. "Predicting Donations from a Cohort Group of Donors to Charities." International Journal of Operations Research and Information Systems 2, no. 3 (July 2011): 20–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/joris.2011070102.
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Charity fundraising organizers increasingly attempt to predict the donations to their causes to maximize the effectiveness of their expenditures and achieve their “social good” objectives. Much of the scholarly work in cause-related fundraising uses organization-specific demographic, geographic, psychographic and behavioral information about its donors to forecast donation amounts. Instead of distinguishing the potential donors, this study focuses on the prediction of the donations from existing donors. Specifically, a large dataset containing four years worth of transactional, appeals, source, and donor data related to a leading U.S. charitable organization was made available to the authors by the Direct Marketing Educational Foundation. The current paper contributes to the literature on donor lifetime value by documenting, in the context of a case study, the results of seven models for predicting future contributions using historic data over four years related to the cohort group of acquired donors.
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Jacko, Virginia A., Carol Brady-Simmons, Nihusa Dias, Raquel Van Der Biest, Alma Abdel-Moty, and Lynne Richard. "Bringing low-vision assessments and interventions to underserved seniors affected by age-related eye disease." British Journal of Visual Impairment 38, no. 1 (December 4, 2019): 15–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0264619619890899.
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General knowledge of eye health and low-vision services is poorly understood by the public, particularly those in underserved and minority communities. A program, funded by the Florida Blue Foundation with leveraged funding from the Peacock Foundation, Inc. and the James Deering Charitable Trust primarily for functional assessment and intervention services, was implemented by the Miami Lighthouse for the Blind and Visually Impaired (MLB) over a 3-year period (2016, 2017, and 2018) with three goals: (1) educate community-dwelling seniors about low vision; (2) provide assessment and intervention services to identified seniors living with low vision; and (3) educate healthcare professionals about best practices in serving this population. In this program, community sites serving seniors were identified and educational and screening programs implemented by a low-vision-certified occupational therapist. Seniors with an identified need received low-vision intervention. Pre- and post-program evaluation determined outcomes of educational and interventional services with the seniors. Professional education workshops were implemented annually and evaluated professional learning from low-vision services. This program served 1552 community-dwelling seniors who attended educational sessions on vision health. Participants averaged 76 years and were primarily identified as Hispanic (64%). The Low Vision Independence Measure and the Visual Function Index were used to measure functional performance outcomes. All scores indicated improved performance of functional tasks following the interventions. Three years of annual “Engaging the Low Vision Community Through Education, Research, and Service” workshops (attended by 108 healthcare professionals and students) demonstrated an interest in and improved knowledge of low vision among healthcare professionals and students. The MLB community-based program demonstrated success in increasing knowledge among community-dwelling seniors and healthcare professionals about low vision and the provision of effective low-vision services.
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Orlova, Vera, Vyacheslav Goiko, Yulia Alexandrova, and Evgeny Petrov. "Analysis of approaches to study identification in social media." E3S Web of Conferences 210 (2020): 16034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202021016034.
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The nature of the social influence of media on social processes, the production of virtual information practices, to study these processes currently actualizes the need to use modern new tools for collecting, processing and data analysis methods. The purpose of this work is to analyze the activity of university graduates in communities, their identification through the collection of data from social networks. Assessment of the activity of graduates in social networks was carried out by “downloading” messages and news from online university communities. For each message, activity labels (“likes”, reposts, comments) were collected and graduates of these universities were identified (reconciliation with the register of graduates was carried out). The focus of the analysis is on identifying the actions of graduates - loyalty in the media space and the dissemination of information about the university community. The main methodological guideline was the approach within the framework of the microsociological paradigm, in particular, the idea of symbolic interactionism. The heuristic potential of using big data to analyze the activity of university graduates in communities allows us to expand our methodological arsenal and overcome the limitations of existing traditional methods of collection and analysis. The main research methods: interface programming, social network analysis of user interaction in social media, Web-crawling using a search engine, statistical data processing. Results: the main digital strategies of university graduates are characterized by the expansion of the audience, the promotion of content caused by the interest of users depending on the focus of the group. Four types of alumni communities have been distinguished: groups that identify with social development, with charity, with scientific research, and education. The high average value of the activity index belongs to charitable foundations, followed by the community of culture and science. The lowest average value of the activity index is recorded in educational communities.
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Prais, S. J. "Reform of Mathematical Education in Primary Schools: the Experiment in Barking & Dagenham." National Institute Economic Review 157 (July 1996): 3–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002795019615700101.
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Experimental reforms in the teaching of mathematics incorporating Continental teaching methods were begun in January 1995 in fifteen classes in six primary schools in the London Borough of Barking and Dagenham. The classes were visited in June 1996 by the Secretary of State for Education Mrs Gillian Shephard, by HM Chief Inspector of Schools Mr Chris Woodhead, and by the Opposition spokesman for education Mr David Blunkett; the media, including the BBC television programme, Panorama, provided accounts for the wider public. The reforms resulted from a wider research programme—comparing Continental and British productivity, education and vocational training—that has been under way at the National Institute for over a decade, by a research team led by SJ Prais; in recent years the research has benefited from close co-operation with the inspectorate and schools in Barking and Dagenham; this phase was funded by the Gatsby Charitable Foundation, to the Trustees of which—and especially Mr David Sainsbury for his personal encouragement—the Institute is much indebted. The commentary below outlines the background to these educational reforms, explains what has been done so far, and sets out for discussion some proposed next steps.
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Manase, Wilson T. "Grassroots Education in Zimbabwe: Successes and Problems Encountered in Implementation by the Legal Resources Foundation of Zimbabwe." Journal of African Law 36, no. 1 (1992): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021855300009694.
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Zimbabwe has a population of almost ten million people of which approximately 80 per cent, are poor and live in the rural areas. The majority of the rural population lack formal education and are ignorant of their rights. They have no access to legal services as most of the country's lawyers are based in the urban areas. Even if legal practitioners were accessible to them, they would not be able to pay for their services. Thus, they are liable to exploitation.Since independence, the changes in Zimbabwe law have been rapid, farreaching and progressive. In the absence of any co-ordinated mass education campaign on their meaning and implications, or consultation with those to be affected before enactment, there has been a great deal of adverse reaction to new legislation, especially where it has safeguarded or equalised the rights of women. For the community, the effect has been chaos. Traditional structures, known and well-understood means of communication, and culturally entrenched roles have been transformed and replaced by a new order.The Legal Resources Foundation (LRF), an autonomous charitable and educational Trust, was established to meet the need to improve the accessibility of legal and information services to all sections of the population. It was formed following a regional workshop on legal aid which was held at the University of Zimbabwe in February 1984 and against the background of there being just 400 lawyers in Zimbabwe at the time, all of whom were urban based.
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Voevodina, E. V. "Formation of Russian magistracy: implementation of the digital economy requests in the educational process." Digital Sociology 2, no. 3 (February 25, 2020): 16–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.26425/2658-347x-2019-3-16-24.
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The state of Russian magistracy in the transition to a digital economy has been studied. Some aspects of Russia’s accession to the Bologna process have been affected – problems of transition associated with a lack of understanding of the essence of transformations by the main stakeholders have been noted. The issues of socialization of students of the «digital» generation have been analyzed, the most characteristic of them – the desire for constant change, intolerance of the same type of problems, good knowledge of information technology. It has been noticed, that Russian magistracy is faced with the need to adapt to the needs of the digital economy, as well as the «generational» characteristics of representatives of generation Z.The results of an empirical sociological study “Birth of a Russian magistracy”, carried out as part of the project of the Higher School of Economics Institute of Education, have been presented. The purpose of this study is to analyze the state of modern Russian magistracy and define key processes in which the main Acknowlegements. The article reflects the results of the research in the framework of the project “Birth of the Russian master’s degree”, implemented by the HSE Institute of education, the winner of the Vladimir Potanin Scholarship program of The V. Potanin Charitable Foundation. © The Author(s), 2019. This is an open access article under the CC BY 4.0 license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). stakeholders (students, teachers and employers) are involved. The results of a survey of teachers of magistracy (713) in Russian regions, as well as undergraduates (1 140), have been reflected in the article. As the main results, information on the use of modern educational technologies in the preparation of Russian undergraduates has been given – a conclusion has been made about the small distribution of on-line education and network programs in universities.The research data characterizing the degree of digital competencies of Russian graduate students have been adduced: information search and processing, use of IT technologies, information security, ability to work with «big» data. It has been noted, that these skills are well developed among modern students, but the participation of universities in their development is low. It has been concluded, that Russian magistracy is characterized by a «transitional» period in solving the problems of the digital economy.
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Syamsuri, Syamsuri. "ALKHAIRAAT POLITICAL KHARISMA." HUNAFA: Jurnal Studia Islamika 16, no. 1 (September 3, 2019): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.24239/jsi.v16i1.537.1-18.
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Abstract.Alkhairaat, founded in 1930, is the largest social organization (CSO) in Central Sulawesi Province, which has regional and branch managers in various provinces in Eastern Indonesia. Charitable business is engaged in education, preaching, social, cultural, media, economic and health. The educational institutions managed by this mass organization number 1,596, starting from the level of Early Childhood Education to Higher Education. Existing in Dutch and Japanese colonial times, Alkhairaat has a heroic history that gave birth to organizational charisma. The foundation of organizational ideology comes from the charism of Sayyid Idrus bin Salim Aldjufri as the founder of Alkhairaat. The scientific heritage of the Muslim community has led to massive sympathy for Alkhairaat. Alkhairaat's massification has become a political momentum since the opening of Indonesia's democratic reform taps in 1998. Several political parties have come to the Alkhairaat organization to recruit political cadres in the face of general election events.Alkahiraat's political charisma in the frame of political communication includes the participation, consolidation, and partnership of Alkhairaat politicians who spread in various political parties to win the election contestation. Election of members of parliament, regional heads, to the President and Vice President of the Republic of Indonesia. Alkhairaat’s charisma becomes an image commodity (popularity) to get elective support in every political contestation.
Keywords: participation, popularity, and electability.
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Paltzer, E. H., and P. Schmutz. "Switzerland: are charitable trusts an alternative to charitable foundations?" Trusts & Trustees 14, no. 5 (April 22, 2008): 357–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tandt/ttn032.
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van Steensel, Martijn, and Rick van der Velden. "Dutch foundations for charitable purposes." Trusts & Trustees 24, no. 6 (June 28, 2018): 601–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tandt/tty079.
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Nazarov, Mikhail V. "Promoting Information Products and Services in Special Libraries for the Blind." Bibliotekovedenie [Russian Journal of Library Science] 70, no. 3 (July 21, 2021): 266–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.25281/0869-608x-2021-70-3-266-277.
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Special libraries for the blind have become the unique information and cultural centres, key organizations in the formation of the inclusive society in Russia. Their activities are carried out within the framework of the inclusive paradigm, which assumes that a person with any needs can be included in public relations. New areas of interaction with users are being developed: diversity of special and inclusive programs and projects are being implemented, and innovative services are being introduced. Libraries act as focal points for working with blind people and users with other categories of disabilities, provide methodological and consulting assistance for cultural institutions of various profiles, conduct various professional development activities and provide information support to educational institutions in the field of defectology. The relevance of the article is due to the need for comprehensive promotion of unique information products and services created by libraries for the blind for people with different physical and mental special health characteristics: those suffering from dyslexia; who has suffered from severe diseases, with disabilities, etc. The promotion of information products and services becomes possible when implementing communication strategy based on integrated marketing communications, which are focused on establishing long-term relationships with various user groups.The article presents the results of the study conducted in January — February 2020 and aimed at identifying and evaluating the promotion channels used by special libraries for the blind and other organizations that provide services to people with disabilities and special needs for the purpose of socio-cultural rehabilitation. During the research, there were used the methods of expert survey and comparative analysis. There were analyzed the promotion channels of 47 Russian and foreign institutions (public and special libraries, museums, theatres, charitable foundations and public organizations). The results of the study make the basis for creating the universal model of communication strategy of special library for the blind, aimed at promoting activities among various target audiences: increasing the loyalty of the real contingent of users, expanding the contingent of users among people with disabilities of different nosologies and special needs, the contingent of partners among institutions in the area of culture, education and social services. The author proposes recommendations aimed at improving the efficiency of various promotion channels.
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NISTOR, Polixenia. "The Charitable Foundations of Social Assistance." Eastern-European Journal of Medical Humanities and Bioethics 2, no. 2 (January 29, 2019): 15–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.18662/eejmhb/12.
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Reithner, N. "Charitable trusts and foundations in Liechtenstein." Trusts & Trustees 9, no. 10 (October 1, 2003): 24–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tandt/9.10.24.
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Bancone, Avv V. "Italy: charitable trusts and private foundations." Trusts & Trustees 15, no. 5 (May 14, 2009): 354–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tandt/ttp034.
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Syahbudin, Akhmad. "KONSEP PENDIDIKAN HATI AHMAD FAHMI ZAMZAM." Khazanah: Jurnal Studi Islam dan Humaniora 15, no. 1 (September 4, 2017): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.18592/khazanah.v15i1.1132.
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This study belongs to library study and is also an intellectual biography study. The nature of the study is qualitative which highlights the contributions of thought in the field of Islamic education. The Islamic education approach was applied in order to identify the contribution of thinking to the character of Islamic education, especially on the material aspects. The data were obtained from Ahmad Fahmi Zamzam's work; Empat Puluh Hadis Penawar Hati, Empat Puluh Hadis Akhlak Mulia, Empat Puluh Hadis Kelebihan Ilmu dan Ulama, Empat Puluh Hadis Peristiwa Akhir Zaman, as well as his audio visual lectures or grand recitation related to the research. The Data are grouped according to the theme of Islamic education further in the analysis. Research findings: (1) Heart education is a conscious effort to cultivate the potential of the heart to achieve perfection into a healthy heart (qalbun salîm) to justify our relationship to Allah swt and fellow human beings. (2) The importance of correcting, changing, and maintaining the heart is one of the foundations for the conduct of heart education. (3) The purpose of the heart education is directed to make the students' hearts become good and right. (4) The approach that can be done in the education of the heart is to pay attention and keep the actions of all the potential of the body from acts that can make the heart becomes dirty, by exploiting the potential of the body, the potential of eye, ear, and the potential of lathîfah ar-Rabbâniyyah. (5) The method of the heart education is grouped into two parts; First, the method of the heart education with charitable deeds, such as; prayer, zakat and alms, fasting, reciting al-Qur'an, dhikr, seeking halal rizki, having social awareness, 'amar ma'rûf and nahî munkar, and ittiba'. Second, the method of the heart education with the spiritual charities, such as; repentance, khauf, zuhud, being patient, gratitude, sincerity, mahabbah, and remembering death. (6) The curriculum of the heart education must be integrated with lathîfah ar-Rabbāniyyah i.e al-Qalbu, al-'Aql, ar-Rûh, and an-Nafs. So the educational content given should be directed to meet the spiritual and emotional material needs. (7) Evaluation of the heart education can only be measured by self-protégé children whose measure is the tranquility within the students themselves and generate noble morality.
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Leigh, S. "Charitable foundations in the Isle of Man." Trusts & Trustees 19, no. 6 (June 11, 2013): 597–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tandt/ttt093.
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Rimmer, J. "Charitable foundations in the Isle of Man." Trusts & Trustees 16, no. 6 (June 10, 2010): 451–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tandt/ttq056.
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WONG, H. K. "The Foundations for Charitable Organization and Giving." Asia Pacific Journal of Social Work and Development 17, no. 1 (June 2007): 35–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21650993.2007.9756010.
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Liu, Zuji, Shuwei Sun, Xun Hu, and Xianjie He. "Socialized charitable foundations and accounting information quality." China Journal of Accounting Studies 7, no. 4 (October 2, 2019): 467–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21697213.2019.1755945.
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Besserer, F., M. Hogan, T. Oliver, and J. Froh. "LO094: Mass casualty incident training for rural Canadian municipalities: a mobile education unit initiative." CJEM 18, S1 (May 2016): S62—S63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cem.2016.131.
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Introduction / Innovation Concept: The Shock Trauma Air Rescue Society (STARS®) is a charitable, non-profit organization that is dedicated to providing a safe, rapid, highly specialized emergency medical transport system for the critically ill and injured. The STARS® Mobile Education Unit (MEU) is comprised of a high fidelity simulation suite that mimics a hospital emergency room, installed in a specially equipped motorhome (SEM) that can wirelessly operate a high fidelity human mannequin. The MEU provides an excellent opportunity to combine continuing medical education for resuscitation and MCI management. At present, no formal MCI education process exists in Saskatchewan. Curriculum, Tool, or Material: The Saskatchewan STARS® MEU delivers a phased MCI education initiative to rural and regional centers within the province. The educational initiative is sub-divided into three stages: 1. pre-exercise knowledge translation using a flipped classroom approach, 2. on-site tabletop exercise (TTX) and, 3. high-fidelity simulation session with a review of MCI management principles . Sites perform a Hazard Vulnerability Analysis (HVA) following stage 2 and the highest identified site-specific risks are utilized during the development of the simulated scenarios for stage 3. During stage 2, participants also complete a pre and post-exercise survey. The survey evaluates the educational component, the tabletop exercise component and the perceived pre and post tabletop exercise competencies for the management of MCI. In the pilot project, two regional sites completed the tabletop exercise. The pre-exercise survey evaluated perceived MCI and disaster preparedness for the region. Only 8% and 25% of participants at each site respectively, reported that their disaster plan had been trialed in tabletop, full exercise or real activation within the past three years. Participants strongly agreed that the tabletop exercise was a valuable experience (86% and 88% respectively). More robust data will become available as the initiative transitions out of the pilot stage to formal operations. Conclusion: A formal MCI training program implemented through the STARS® MEU for rural Saskatchewan municipalities enables participants and their organizations to both review and enhance their current emergency management plans. This initiative will aim to establish a foundation for future collaboration at the provincial and national level for rural MCI training and preparedness.
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Li, Zhenghui. "The Typological Legitimacy of Nonpublic Fundraising Foundations." China Nonprofit Review 6, no. 2 (September 25, 2014): 213–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18765149-12341278.
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As an emergent type of charitable organizations, nonpublic fundraising foundations (非公募基金会) are questioned on its legal entity – on whether nonpublic fundraising foundations qualify as a valid type of charitable organizations. In terms of its origin, nonpublic fundraising foundations emerged in China as a product of the mixture of history, reality and imported elements. Fundraising, a key word in the term, is not a right but a duty. The problem with nonpublic fundraising foundations is the overstress on the concept on the one hand and the ignorance of the institution on the other. The solution lies in setting up a sound and clear institution, so as to form an organic system of charitable organizations. The fact that nonpublic fundraising foundations are hardly supported in the existing theories of legal personality reflects the need to reform relevant aspects in the legal system.
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Kolyperas, Dimitrios, Christos Anagnostopoulos, Simon Chadwick, and Leigh Sparks. "Applying a Communicating Vessels Framework to CSR Value Co-creation: Empirical Evidence From Professional Team Sport Organizations." Journal of Sport Management 30, no. 6 (November 2016): 702–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsm.2016-0032.
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Despite the increasing number and significance of charitable foundations in various business sectors, their role in cocreating corporate social responsibility (CSR) value remains unclear. This paper identifies CSR value cocreation in professional team sport organizations (PTSOs) and answers three key research questions: (a) Why have PTSOs developed charitable foundations as their means toward CSR value cocreation? (b) What CSR-related resources do PTSOs and their charitable foundations integrate? and (c) How do they manage, share, and transfer such resources to cocreate CSR value? Drawing theoretical insights from service dominant logic and consumer culture theory—and using empirical data from 47 semistructured interviews of UK-based professional football (soccer) clubs—this study develops a communicating vessels framework to illustrate the role of charitable foundations in the CSR value cocreation process. Through four tentative CSR value cocreation levels of relationship (bolt-on, cooperative, controlled, and strategic) the study suggests several internal strategies that can enhance the level of collaboration between founders and foundations. These include information sharing through customer relationship management (CRM) systems and social media platforms; staff sharing or flexible movement across the organizations; quality assurance agreements; flexible team cooperation; partnership protocols with social, media, cultural, and commercial stakeholders; and cotraining of personnel.
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Specht, Keno. "Foundations for perpetuity? Keep the idea—breaking new grounds for charitable foundations." Trusts & Trustees 24, no. 6 (June 28, 2018): 489–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tandt/tty078.
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Xiaoming, Feng. "China’s Charitable Foundations: Development and Policy-Related Issues." Chinese Economy 48, no. 2 (March 4, 2015): 130–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10971475.2014.993221.
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di Salvatore, S., and A. Zappia. "Italian foundations and charitable trusts compared and contrasted." Trusts & Trustees 12, no. 5 (April 1, 2006): 22–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tandt/12.5.22.
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Tainsky, Scott, and Kathy Babiak. "Professional athletes and charitable foundations: an exploratory investigation." International Journal of Sport Management and Marketing 9, no. 3/4 (2011): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijsmm.2011.041568.
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Duquette, Nicolas J., and Eric C. Ohrn. "Corporate charitable foundations, executive entrenchment, and shareholder distributions." Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization 152 (August 2018): 235–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2018.04.006.
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SALYAKHOVA, A. Sh. "FOUNDATIONS OF ORGANIZATION OF THE CHARITABLE PENSION FUND." EKONOMIKA I UPRAVLENIE: PROBLEMY, RESHENIYA 1, no. 5 (2021): 143–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.36871/ek.up.p.r.2021.05.01.019.
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Levine, Carolyn B., and Richard C. Sansing. "The Private Foundation Minimum Distribution Requirement and Public Policy." Journal of the American Taxation Association 36, no. 1 (September 1, 2013): 165–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/atax-50619.
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ABSTRACT This study examines the public policy rationale for the minimum distribution requirement that requires private foundations to spend at least 5 percent of their assets on charitable purposes. The study explicitly models an objective function that the government tries to maximize and a population of heterogeneous contributors that care about both distributions to charity and assets under their control. An increase in the minimum distribution requirement increases the rate of charitable distributions from some foundations, but deters other contributors from forming foundations. The level of the minimum distribution requirement reflects a trade-off between these two effects.
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Hayes, John T., and Roy M. Adams. "Taxation and Statutory Considerations in the Formation of Family Foundations." Family Business Review 3, no. 4 (December 1990): 383–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-6248.1990.00383.x.
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Because of strict and complex federal regulations and costly penalties, individuals who are contemplating establishing a family foundation need expert legal and financial advice. However, all family and family business leaders who want to engage in philanthropy can dramatically increase their range of options if they are familiar with the basics of taxation law. This article discusses the benefits and drawbacks of various charitable alternatives and offers suggestions for reducing the cost of charitable giving.
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Anagnostopoulos, Christos, Terri Byers, and Dimitrios Kolyperas. "Understanding strategic decision-making through a multi-paradigm perspective." Sport, Business and Management: An International Journal 7, no. 1 (March 13, 2017): 2–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sbm-02-2016-0005.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to illustrate the efficacy of using a multi-paradigm perspective to examine the relationship between corporate social responsibility (CSR) and strategic decision-making processes in the context of charitable foundations. Design/methodology/approach This paper integrates and synthesizes the micro-social processes of “assessable transcendence” (Anagnostopoulos et al., 2014) with Whittington’s (2001) perspectives on strategy. “Assessable transcendence” was achieved from the constant comparison of categories developed through an early iterative process in which data collection and analysis occurred during the same period. In all, 32 interviews were conducted among a sample of key managers in the charitable foundations for the first two divisions of English football. Findings The present study illustrates empirically that strategic decision making in charitable foundations does not “seat” neatly in any one of Whittington’s perspectives. On the contrary, this study indicates a great deal of overlap within these perspectives, and suggests that conflicting paradigms should be celebrated rather than viewed as signs of theoretical immaturity. Multi-paradigm approaches can potentially reveal insights into the “mechanics” of managerial decision making that are not easily discernible from a mono-paradigmatic perspective. Originality/value This is the first empirical work that examines CSR in relation to strategy within the context of the English football clubs’ charitable foundations, and does so by employing a multi-paradigm perspective on strategy formulation and implementation.
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Orbay, Kayhan. "Coping with Institutional and Financial Crises in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries: Ensuring the Survival of Ottoman Royal Waqfs." Medieval History Journal 22, no. 2 (November 2019): 229–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0971945819890444.
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The Ottoman Empire had inherited the waqf (charitable foundation) as an institutionalized form of charity from the Near Eastern Islamic states, which had preceded it. Over time, new forms of charitable foundations emerged, while with the expansion of the Empire, waqfs grew in number and spread geographically. Donors created over fifty thousand charitable foundations, making them into the most widespread institution in Ottoman history. Some waqfs, the largest ones in particular, survived for many centuries. However, sometimes continued functioning was under severe threat, due to wars, epidemics, natural disasters, and rebellions. To overcome financial straits, the waqfs resorted to a variety of measures. Occasionally, a royal waqf in difficulty received assistance from other foundations established by sultans and/or their relatives. Administrators reduced current expenditures, sometimes even suspending salaries and charitable services. Moreover, through long-term lease contracts involving substantial down payments by the lessees, waqf administrators often raised the money needed to restore damaged properties. In the present paper, we study Ottoman royal waqfs when exposed to adversities and financial hardships. As administrators reacted with considerable flexibility, the claim that the waqfs were rigid institutions is in obvious need of revision.