Academic literature on the topic 'Charles B. Towns Hospital'

Charles Fulton (1905-1987) was an Australian architect who applied influences of European Modernism, particularly the civic architecture of Willem Dudok, into the design for several hospital projects in regional towns across Queensland, at the same time adapting a climatic responsive rationale to the projects. As with many remote contexts that have been overlooked by a European and American centric focus upon Modern architecture, the account of Australian Modernism has not been widely acknowledged outside its borders, despite a local momentum to effectively document and publish its achievements. Compounding this predicament, Queensland has suffered from its own exclusion relative to the southern states of New South Wales (Sydney) and Victoria (Melbourne), which have always been the dominant centers of the national profession, its conferences and publications. This paper seeks to address these schisms through the presentation of the work of Fulton, demonstrating how even in remote areas of Queensland, thousands of kilometers from major cities, the reach of Modern architecture found a place. Mobilized by the national federal body, the Office of Health and Home Affairs, drive to improve health services across the country post WWI, Fulton became a leading architect to modernize health facilities and brought about a cultural shift in the reception of Modern architecture across the regions.

Introduction The mandible is an infrequent localisation of primary osseous non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Few cases of mandibular non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL) have been reported. Case Report A rare condition of primary malignant non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the mandible in 53-year-old man, was reported at the Department of Maxillofacial and Plastic Surgery in Charles Nicolle Hospital (Tunis, Tunisia). Histologic and Immunohistochemical (IHC) examination Confirmed a B-Cell lymphoma. Discussion The purpose of this report is to describe this rare case of NHL of the mandible, explore the diagnosis and workup, and discuss treatment strategies. In this localisation, neither the clinical features nor the radiologic appearances are often pathognomonic. Conclusion Particular care must be taken to consider lymphoma in the differential diagnosis because this uncommon lesion can pose significant diagnostic problems and is frequently misdiagnosed.

Background:Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) carries a substantial burden for patients and society in terms of morbidity, enduring disability, and costs [1]. The Australian Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS) has subsidised biological disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (B-DMARDs) since 2003 [2].Objectives:We examined the impact of B-DMARDs availability on RA hospitalisation rate in the Western Australia (WA) population pre- and post- B-DMARDs introduction to the PBS (1995-2002 and 2003-2014).Methods:Population PBS dispensing data for WA of DMARD were obtained and converted to defined daily doses (DDD)/1000 population/day using the WA population census. RA inpatient records were extracted from the WA Hospital Morbidity Data Collection using ICD-9 codes 714 and ICD-10 codes M05.00–M06.99). Principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to determine the relationship between DMARDs use and RA hospital admission rates.Results:There was a total of 17,125 patients who had 50,353 admissions with a diagnostic code for RA during the study period. DMARD use for RA rose from 1.45 to 3.19 DDD/1000 population/day over 1995-2014 (Figure 1). In 1995-2002, the number of RA admissions fell from 7.9 to 2.6 per 1000 hospital separations, then dropped further from 2.9 to 1.9 per 1000 hospital separations in 2003-2014. Based on PCA analysis, conventional DMARDs (methotrexate) and B-DMARDs dispensing had an inverse association with hospital admissions for RA.Conclusion:The increased availability of conventional and biological DMARDs for RA was associated with a significant decline in hospital admissions for RA patients in WA.References:[1]Boonen A, Severens JL (2011) The burden of illness of rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Rheumatol 30:3-8.[2]Medicare Australia (2020) Pharmaceutical Benefits Schedule statistics. http://medicarestatistics.humanservices.gov.au/statistics/pbs_item.jsp.Figure 1.The hospital separations and total drugs use patterns of RA in 1995-2014 in Western Australia.Acknowledgements:Supported by an Australian Government Research Training Program PhD Scholarship at the University of Western Australia.Disclosure of Interests:Khalid Almutairi: None declared, Johannes Nossent Speakers bureau: Janssen, David Preen: None declared, Helen Keen Speakers bureau: Pfizer Australia, Abbvie Australia, Charles Inderjeeth Speakers bureau: bureau: Eli Lilly

Background: Open appendectomy has been the gold standard for the treatment of acute appendicitis since its introduction by Charles Mc Burney in 1889.The introduction of laparoscopic surgery has dramatically changed the field of surgery. Various studies showed conflicting results about the superiority of laparoscopic approach over open for treatment of acute appendicitis. Present study is conducted to determine any possible benefits of the laparoscopic approach over open surgery.Methods: The study was conducted in Dr. V. M. Government Medical College and hospital located in Solapur (Maharashtra) from September 2017 to September 2019. It is a prospective comparative study. Patients were randomly divided into 2 groups alternately where group A and B were operated by conventional and laparoscopic techniques respectively and their outcomes were compared.Results: Mean age of patients in open and laparoscopic appendicectomy group was 29.67 years and 31 years respectively. Post-operative pain, wound infection and hospital stay was significantly more in open group as compared to laparoscopic group (p<0.05).Conclusions: From the results of our study we conclude that laparoscopic appendicectomy has superior results as compared to open appendicectomy.

James Thomas, whose journal is transcribed and appended to this introduction, was a ‘native agent’ of the Church Missionary Society (CMS) at Gbebe and Lokoja at the confluence of the Niger-Benue rivers between 1858 and 1879. A liberated slave who had been converted to Christianity in Sierra Leone, he enlisted in the service of the CMS Niger Mission headed by Rev. Samuel A. Crowther. Thomas was kidnapped around 1832 from Ikudon in northeast Yoruba, near the Niger-Benue confluence. He lived in Sierra Leone for twenty-five years before returning as a missionary to his homeland.Gbebe was an important mid-nineteenth-century river port on the Lower Niger. It was located on the east bank of the Niger, a mile below its confluence with the Benue, and about 300 miles from the Atlantic. Aboh, Onitsha, Ossomari, Asaba, Idah, and Lokoja were other famous mid-nineteenth century Lower Niger towns. From an 1841 estimated base of about 1,500, its population rose to about 10,000 by 1859. Contemporary exploration and trading reports by W. B. Baikie, S. Crowther, T. Hutchinson, and J. Whitford indicate that the town occupied an important place in the commercial life of the region.However, little is known about the town's sociopolitical structures and processes, and still less is known about its relationship with its neighbors. Hence the internal sociopolitical and economic basis for the settlement's economic role in the region is largely unresearched. The reports of James Thomas, Simon Benson Priddy, and Charles Paul, CMS missionaries resident in the town for several years, contain evidence that would be useful for such an endeavor.

Abstract Dr Dorothy Klenke Nash (1898-1976) became the first female neurosurgeon in the United States in 1928 and maintained her status as the country's only female neurosurgeon until 1960. She graduated with her medical degree from the Columbia College of Physicians and Surgeons in 1927 and then trained at the Neurologic Institute of New York under Dr Byron Stookey. During her training, she contributed to the advancement of neurosurgical practice through academic research. In 1931, she married Charles B. Nash, and together they had 2 children, George (1932) and Dorothy Patricia (1937). Dr Nash became a senior surgeon at St. Margaret's Hospital in Pittsburgh in 1942. Shortly thereafter, she joined the inaugural University of Pittsburgh Department of Neurosurgery led by Dr Stuart N. Rowe and became an instructor of neurosurgery at the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine. In acknowledgment of her advocacy for public access to services for mental health and cerebral palsy, Dr Nash was recognized as a Distinguished Daughter of Pennsylvania (1953) and honored by Mercy Hospital (1957), Bryn Mawr College (1960), and Columbia University (1968). She retired from neurosurgical practice in 1965, at which time she devoted herself to her grandchildren and her Catholic faith. She died on March 5, 1976 at the age of 77. With unwavering tenacity, Dr Nash paved the way for all women in neurosurgery.

Epidemiological features of esophageal cancer (EC), as well as their associations with potential influencing factors in a city, have seldom been seldom explored on a fine scale. The EC death cases in Guangzhou city during 2012−2017 were collected to describe the epidemiological characteristics such as EC mortality rate (ECMR) and health-seeking behaviors of deaths. Potential influencing factors, including socioeconomic conditions (population density, gross domestic product density), medical resources, and ageing degree were also gathered for exploring their relationships with the epidemiological characteristics of EC. A total of 2,409 EC deaths were reported during 2012−2017 in Guangzhou with an age-standardized ECMR of 3.18/105. The prevalence of EC in Guangzhou was spatially featured and was divided into three regions with obvious differentiated ECMR (ECMR of 6.41/105 in region A, ECMR of 5.51/105 in region B, ECMR of 2.56/105 in region C). The street/town-level ECMR was spatially clustered in Guangzhou city, especially two clusters of streets/towns with high ECMR were highlighted in region A and B respectively. Meanwhile, demographic features including gender gap, death age, temporal interval between diagnosis and death, health-seeking behaviors were remarkably different among the three regions. Moreover, health-seeking behaviors (e.g., the proportion of hospital deaths) of the EC deaths were obviously influenced by medical institution occupancy rate and socioeconomic conditions at street/town level. In addition, the street/town-level ECMR was significantly associated with ageing degree across Guangzhou city (r = 0.466, p < 0.01), especially in region A (r = 0.565, p < 0.01). In contrast, the ECMR in region B was closely related to population density (r = −0.524, p < 0.01) and gross domestic product density (r = −0.511, p < 0.01) when the ageing degree was controlled, while these associations were weak in region C. The epidemiological characteristics of EC in Guangzhou city were spatially featured and potentially associated with socioeconomic conditions, medical resources and ageing degree on a fine scale across Guangzhou city. This study could provide scientific basis for local authorities to implement more targeted EC interventions.

Before the extensive use of anaesthesia, great surgeons were measured by how little pain could be caused to patients in the shortest possible time. Simple operations, such as the extraction of rotting teeth, were terrible nightmares to patients. Some people compared surgery to the Spanish inquisition and there are many accounts in the literature of yells, screams, panicking, and resistance in the operating room. Because of this, before anaesthesia, surgery was mainly restricted to amputations and external growth removals and little advancements could be made over hundreds of years. Five men make the claim to have conquered the horror of surgery in the operating room by discovering ether as an anaesthetic agent: William T.G. Morton, Charles T. Jackson, Crawford W. Long, Horace Wells, and William Clarke. However, only William T.G. Morton is credited with discovering ether as an anaesthetic agent. Mr. Morton publicly used ether during the excision of a tumour from a patient’s neck on October 16, 1846 at the Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston. But William T.G. Morton was not the saint that he portrayed himself to be. There is no doubt that he made the first public discovery of anaesthesia but there is doubt as to whether it was because of his great knowledge and research in the field, or because he took advantage of an opportunity to display this borrowed method to the public. Keys TE. The History of Surgical Anaesthesia. New York: Dover Publications, 1963. Smith HM, Bacon DR. The History of Anesthesia. Clinical Anaesthesia. (PG Barash, B. Cullen, RK Stoeling, eds.) Philadelphia: Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins, 2006. Wolffe RJ. Tarnished Idol. California: Norman Publishing Company, 2001.

All European languages have a word for God, and this word means exactly the same in all of them. However, speakers of different European languages tend to relate to God in different ways. Each group has its own characteristic ways of addressing God, encoded in certain words, phrases and grammatical forms, which both reflect and shape the speakers’ habitual ways of thinking about God and relating to God. Often, they also reflect some other aspects of their cultural memory and historical experience. In this paper I will compare the meanings of the vocative expressions used for addressing God in several European languages, including “Gospodi” in Russian, “O God” in English, “Mon Dieu” in French, “Herr” in German, and “Boże” in Polish. But to compare those meanings, we need a common measure. I believe such a common measure is available in the “NSM” framework, from Natural Semantic Metalanguage (see e.g. Goddard and Wierzbicka, 2014; Wierzbicka 2014a and 2018a; Gladkova and Larina 2018a, b). The data is taken mainly from well-known works of literature, such as Lev Tolstoy’s Anna Karenina and Boris Pasternak’s poem “V bol’nice” (“In Hospital”) for Russian, Charles Peguy’s Le mystère de la charité de Jeanne d’Arc and its English translation by Julien Green for French and English, and Dietrich Bonhoeffer’s prison poems and Heinrich Böll’s novel Billard um halbzehn for German. The results have shown that each European language offers its users a range of options for addressing God. Some of these options are shared, others appear to be unique to the language. All are underpinned by broader historical phenomena. The exact nature of all these links remains to be investigated.

Abstract Abstract 3664 Background: Positron Emission Tomography scans performed during chemotherapy (Interim-PET) have been used prognostically in patients with Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma (DLBCL) and as a tool in response-adapted therapy trials. However, evidence on the predictive role of interim-PET in DLBCL has been limited by study heterogeneity in lymphoma subtypes and treatment regimens. Although earlier studies reported positive interim-PET predicted poorer outcome, a systematic review (Terasawa et al. J Clin Oncol 2009; 27(11):1906–14) could not draw reliable conclusions due to heterogeneity. Recent studies, which maintained a homogeneous patient group with regards to lymphoma subtype (DLBCL) and treatment (Rituximab-CHOP), showed conflicting results (Vitolo et al, Blood 2010; 116: Abs. 2819. Yang et al, Blood 2010; 116: 1799. Gonzalez-Barca et al Blood 2010; 116: Abs. 2793.) Aim: To evaluate the prognostic value of interim-PET in DLBCL patients receiving R-CHOP, without the confounding effect of therapy change based on interim-PET result. We seek to improve our prognostic ability by combining the International Prognostic Index (IPI) with Interim-PET results. Methods: We reviewed retrospectively consecutive DLBCL patients treated with R-CHOP as frontline therapy from 2005 to 2010 at a single institution. Interim-PET images were re-examined by a nuclear medicine physician blinded to the IPI and clinical outcomes. The PET results were classified as Negative or Positive, based on qualitative assessment of the relative intensity of FDG uptake of the area of disease compared to the adjacent mediastinal blood pool or aorta/IVC. Interim-PET was categorised as positive if the uptake was more than mildly above the blood pool intensity. One hundred patients commenced R-CHOP (14 or 21) therapy for DLBCL; 24 patients did not receive interim-PET for logistics reasons and were excluded. Progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were analysed by the Cox proportional hazards model and prognostic accuracy was assessed using Harrell's C statistics. Results: In 76 patients analysed, the median age was 61 years (range 16–87); 59% were males. The IPI distribution was: IPI 0 (n=10), 1 (19), 2 (21), 3 (13), 4 (12), 5 (1). The median time of the interim-PET was after cycle 3. Eleven patients (14%) were positive and 65 patients (86%) were negative at Interim-PET. With a median follow-up of 32.5 months, 2-year OS and 2-year PFS (figures 1 and 2) were 70.8% and 60.0% respectively in the PET-negative group, 36.4% and 36.4% for the PET-positive group (log-rank p-value 0.003 for OS, 0.011 for PFS). Correlation analysis showed that the IPI and Interim-PET were minimally associated (rho=0.0873) and were both independent prognostic factors for survival. Cox regression analysis showed that interim PET and IPI were both significant indicators of PFS (p < 0.001 and p=0.002 respectively). The PET result makes a significant contribution to prognostication if IPI is greater than 2 (p<0.0001) and we found the contribution to vary by IPI when the score was greater than 2 (data not shown). In isolation, the prognostic accuracy of a negative PET result is poor (C = 0.63) as it is for IPI (C = 0.75), but when the two indicators are combined the predictive accuracy is improved (C = 0.81). A nomogram utilising the IPI and interim-PET results in the prediction of the 24 month relapse-free survival was created (Figure 3). Conclusion: In our hands, IPI and PET provide independent prognostic information; we found interim PET to have a negative predictive value that varies according to the IPI at diagnosis. By combining the two, a more powerful predictive model may be created as a nomogram. This should be readily testable in larger patient populations where PET data is available, and then ideally prospectively in randomised clinical trials. Example of using the Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital Nomogram: a patient with an IPI of 2 will receive a score of 33; if their interim-PET result is positive, this will produce a score of 70, resulting in a total score of 103. On the lower 2 panels, a total of 103 points is estimated to give rise to a 40% probability of Relapse-free survival at 24 months. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

Charles Skinner Hallpike was born in 1900 in Muree, a small hill station and health resort in the northernmost part of India (now a part of Pakistan). He was baptized at the Church of St. James in Delhi. This was one of the three places of worship—a Hindu temple, a mosque, and a Christian church—built by Hallpike’s great-grandfather, James Skinner. Hallpike began his medical training at Guy’s Hospital in 1919. After graduating from medical school, he was appointed House Surgeon to T. B. Layton in the Ear, Nose and Throat Department at Guy’s Hospital. He took his Membership of the Royal College of Physicians of London and followed with his Fellowship of the Royal College of Surgeons. Hallpike had a reputation of being rather unapproachable, but he was comfortable with his clinical peers and had a protective attitude to the people who worked for him.