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Journal articles on the topic 'Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital - Radiotherapy'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 16 February 2022

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1

Nhachissambe, F., V. Maselesele, and D. G. van der Merwe. "O6. Radiotherapy dosimetry audit: The Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital Experience." Physica Medica 32 (September 2016): 142–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmp.2016.07.014.

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Lohlun, K. N., J. A. Kotzen, and R. Lakier. "A prospective study on the impact of waiting times for radiotherapy for cervical cancer at Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital." South African Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 21, no. 1 (May 21, 2015): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.7196/sajog.985.

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3

Nana, T., M. F. de Smit, and O. Perovic. "Bacteraemic Staphylococcus aureus at Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital." International Journal of Infectious Diseases 21 (April 2014): 267–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2014.03.976.

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4

Chibabhai, V., and O. Perovic. "Epidemiology of carbapenem resistant Enterobacteriaceae at Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital." International Journal of Infectious Diseases 21 (April 2014): 410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2014.03.1265.

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5

Sepeng, Letlhogonolo, and D. E. Ballot. "Audit of feeding practices in the neonatal wards at the Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital." South African Journal of Child Health 9, no. 4 (November 6, 2015): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.7196/sajch.2015.v9i4.895.

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6

Setlhapelo, E. M., D. van der Merwe, and E. Y. Belay. "Development of an incident reporting and learning database at the Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital." Physica Medica 41 (September 2017): S13—S14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1120-1797(17)30310-1.

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7

Hira, P. G., S. Singh, J. F. Kourie, and R. E. Rikhotso. "A retrospective analysis of mandibular grafting using fibulas at the charlotte maxeke johannesburg academic hospital." International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 48 (May 2019): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijom.2019.03.430.

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8

Nyathi, T., M. L. Pule, P. Segone, D. G. Van der Merwe, and S. P. Rapoho. "A dose audit of fluoroscopy examinations at Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital: Analysis of preliminary results." South African Journal of Radiology 13, no. 2 (June 15, 2009): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajr.v13i2.541.

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Purpose: To retrospectively analyze the radiation doses delivered to patients undergoing fluoroscopy examinations in terms of the skin dose and the dose-area product (DAP). Materials and Methods: The subjects of this study were patients who underwent fluoroscopy examinations at Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital, South Africa during the period August 2007 to March 2008. The skin dose and dose-area product values were obtained from a built-in DAP-meter installed on a digital Philips Medical Systems MultiDiagnost Eleva fluoroscopy unit. The following cases were analyzed namely barium swallow, barium meal, barium enema, hexabrix swallow, gastrografin meal, voiding cystourethrogram, fistulogram, myelogram, nephrostomy and loopogram. Results: An analysis of three hundred and thirty one examinations is presented. From the recorded data the following quantities were deduced: the mean- and range of the skin doses and DAPs, mean screening time and mean fluoroscopy duration. An analysis of the screening time for the various examinations showed a weak correlation (r = 0.59) between skin dose and screening time, while a poor correlation (r = 0.42) was deduced between DAP reading and screening time. Conclusion: There is a wide spread in the radiation doses registered for any one given type of examination. The large variability in the radiation dose delivered proves that fluoroscopic examinations stand to gain from dose optimization. The usefulness and potential use of DAP meters with regards to dose optimization in radiology is shown. In line with efforts to optimize dose from diagnostic radiography examinations the authors recommend the establishment of diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) in South Africa for the most frequent examinations in general radiography, fluoroscopy, mammography and computed tomography. Keywords: patient dose, genetic risk, dose optimization, dose reference levels

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9

Harerimana, I., D. E. Ballot, and P. Cooper. "Retrospective review of neonates with persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn at Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital." South African Journal of Child Health 12, no. 1 (April 11, 2018): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.7196/sajch.2018.v12i1.1245.

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10

van Heerden, Carla, Agnes Magwete, and Dineo Mabuza. "Evaluating the need for free glycerol blanking for serum triglyceride measurements at Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital." Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM) 58, no. 8 (July 28, 2020): 1257–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cclm-2019-0991.

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AbstractBackgroundThe accurate and precise measurement of triglycerides is important due to the adverse effects associated with hypertriglyceridaemia. Most laboratory methods are based on enzymatic hydrolysis of triglycerides with measurement of the total glycerol. An elevated free glycerol concentration may result in overestimation of triglyceride concentrations. The removal of free glycerol by blanking may therefore be of clinical importance. The aim of this study was to compare the glycerol blanking and non-glycerol blanking triglyceride methods.MethodsThis was a method comparison study of 1518 samples from both in-patients and out-patients at Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital. Triglycerides were measured in each sample using both the blanking and the non-blanking methods. Analytical performance was assessed based on the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) goals. Clinical impact was assessed according to the NCEP Adult Treatment Program III (ATP III) risk classification.ResultsThe method median was significantly higher in the non-blanking compared to the blanking method (1.33 vs. 1.12 mmol/L, p < 0.0001) in all patients. The average bias was above the total allowable error of 15% across all groups. There was a significant change in NCEP ATP III risk classification, with fewer patients classified as normal (67.6% vs. 74.6%, p < 0.0001) with the non-blanking method compared to the blanking method.ConclusionsThere was a significant error when glycerol blanking for triglyceride determination was not performed. The non-blanking triglyceride method overestimates triglyceride concentrations. This does not only exceed analytical performance goals, but also impacts on patient categorisation and clinical decision making in all patients.

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11

Morar, R., G. A. Richards, J. Galpin, and V. Herbert. "Outcome of patients with severe abdominal sepsis in intensive care - experience at Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital." Southern African Journal of Epidemiology and Infection 25, no. 1 (January 2010): 23–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10158782.2010.11441373.

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12

Sharma, V. "P3.101. Pattern of Practice in nasopharyngeal carcinoma – A retrospective analysis at Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa." Oral Oncology Supplement 3, no. 1 (July 2009): 234. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.oos.2009.06.627.

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13

Sebetseba, Khutso N., Tanusha Ramdin, and Daynia Ballot. "The Use of Therapeutic Hypothermia in Neonates with Perinatal Asphyxia at Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital: A Retrospective Review." Therapeutic Hypothermia and Temperature Management 10, no. 3 (September 1, 2020): 135–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/ther.2017.0040.

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14

Chibabhai, Vindana, and Warren Lowman. "Epidemiology of cystic fibrosis respiratory pathogens isolated at a South African Hospital, 2006–2010." Southern African Journal of Infectious Diseases 31, no. 4 (December 31, 2016): 106–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajid.v31i4.73.

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Background: The epidemiology of cystic fibrosis (CF) associated pathogens other than Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the South African cystic fibrosis population has not been previously described.Methods: A retrospective review of respiratory cultures taken from cystic fibrosis clinic patients at the Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital from 2006 to 2010 was performed.Results: During the study period, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Burkholderia cepacia complex and Candida albicans prevalence remained stable, Aspergillus fumigatus increased from 8% to 20% (p = 0.0132); Staphylococcus aureus decreased from 66% to 50% (p = 0.0243) and Haemophilus influenzae decreased from 13% to 3% (p = 0.0136). There were significant antimicrobial susceptibility changes to meropenem (p 0.0001) amongst P. aeruginosa isolates and cloxacillin (p 0.0001) amongst S. aureus isolates. Prevalence of most bacterial pathogens appeared to increase with increasing age.Conclusion: The findings of this study illustrate the epidemiology of CF associated respiratory pathogens and the trends in prevalence and susceptibility patterns over a 5-year period.

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15

Mudahemuka, Jean Claude, and D. E. Ballot. "Birth weight recovery among very low birth weight infants surviving to discharge from Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital, Neonatal unit." South African Journal of Child Health 8, no. 4 (November 13, 2014): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.7196/sajch.709.

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16

Paget, G., and S. Naicker. "PROPHYLAXIS FOR CYTOMEGALOVIRUS DISEASE IN ADULT D+/R+ RENAL TANSPLANT RECIPIENTS AT THE CHARLOTTE MAXEKE JOHANNESBURG ACADEMIC HOSPITAL, SOUTH AFRICA." Transplantation Journal 90 (July 2010): 664. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00007890-201007272-01271.

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17

Mopeli, Refiloe Keketso, Debbie White, and Daynia Ballot. "An audit of primary medical conditions in children admitted to the paediatric intensive care unit of Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital." South African Journal of Child Health 10, no. 4 (December 14, 2016): 221. http://dx.doi.org/10.7196/sajch.2016.v10i4.1187.

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18

Ghoor, A., G. Scher, and D. E. Ballot. "Prevalence of and risk factors for cranial ultrasound abnormalities in very-low-birth-weight infants at Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital." South African Journal of Child Health 11, no. 2 (July 5, 2017): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.7196/sajch.2017.v11i2.1167.

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19

Botha, S., MR Maphayi, N. Cassim, and JA George. "Vitamin D [25(OH)D] and 1,25(OH)2D serum concentrations in patients tested at the Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital." Journal of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes of South Africa 26, no. 2 (March 8, 2021): 52–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/16089677.2021.1886724.

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20

Mphaphuli, Aripfani Veronica, and D. E. Ballot. "A review of chronic lung disease in neonates at Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital from 1 January 2013 to 31 December 2014." South African Journal of Child Health 10, no. 3 (October 3, 2016): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.7196/sajch.2016.v10i3.1060.

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21

Benade, E. L., B. F. Jacobson, S. Louw, and E. Schapkaitz. "Validation of the CoaguChek XS international normalised ratio point-of-care analyser in patients at Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital, South Africa." South African Medical Journal 106, no. 3 (February 3, 2016): 280. http://dx.doi.org/10.7196/samj.2016.v106i3.9422.

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22

Sukha, Kamal, and Mzubanzi Mabongo. "Audit of the workload in a maxillofacial and oral surgical unit in Johannesburg." South African Dental Journal 76, no. 04 (May 31, 2021): 194–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/10.17159/2519-0105/2021/v76no4a3.

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Maxillofacial and oral surgical (MFOS) audits are able to provide data to both current and prospective patients regarding the quality of care an institution is capable of providing. The more frequently performed MFOS procedures can be determined and the allocation of funding and resources can therefore be achieved more appropriately. To conduct an audit to evaluate the workload and scopeof practice of the MFOS unit of the Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital (CMJAH) for the year 2015 by quantifying MFOS conditions and the respective treatment modalities. The study was retrospective and cross-sectional. Data was retrieved from the patient logbook of the unit which was then entered into a Microsoft Excel Spreadsheet. Pie graphs and bar charts representing the data were then generated. A total of 1 750 patients were treated in the unit. The male to female ratio was 1.3:1 and the majority of these patients were in their 3rd and 4th age decade. Most patients required a tooth extraction mainly for an impacted 3rd molar. Dentoalveolar surgery was the most commonly performed procedure followed by the treatment of facial fractures. Pathological and other MFOS conditions were less commonly encountered. The CMJAH MFOS unit treats a high volume of patients according to comparisons with global studies.

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23

Law, T., V. Chibabhai, and T. Nana. "Analysis and comparison of cumulative antibiograms for the Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital adult intensive care and high-care units, 2013 and 2017." South African Medical Journal 110, no. 1 (December 12, 2019): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.7196/samj.2019.v110i1.13841.

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24

Perumal, Nalini Sindy, and Mboyo-Di-Tamba Heben Willy Vangu. "Radioiodine therapy in skeletal metastases from well-differentiated thyroid cancer: a Johannesburg experience." South African Journal of Radiology 14, no. 1 (March 11, 2010): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajr.v14i1.436.

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Aim.The purpose of this study was to examine the outcome of patients with skeletal metastases from well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma and analyse the effect of variables that influence the prognosis of this disease. Method. We retrospectively reviewed 352 patients treated and followed-up at the Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital’s thyroid cancer clinic from 1982 - 1999. Findings. Skeletal metastases were diagnosed in 24 (6.8%), 17 at presentation to the thyroid clinic, and 7 at follow-up. Patients’ ages ranged from 30 - 77 years (mean 53.9 years) and the female:male ratio was 3.8:1. Based on the original pathology reports from resected tumours, 9 were papillary and 15 were follicular cancers. Twenty-three of the 24 patients underwent thyroid surgery as the initial management – total thyroidectomy in 18, subtotal thyroidectomy in 3, and lobectomy plus neck dissection in one. The diagnosis of thyroid cancer was based on lobectomy in a single subject. Radioactive iodine (RAI) was used as part of the original treatment; external radiation therapy (XRT) was mainly used to alleviate severe symptoms. Twenty-one patients (87.5%) were treated with RAI; 11 (45.8%) received radiotherapy. Seven patients died – 4 from neurological disease directly associated with bone metastases. Of the 17 surviving patients, 2 appeared to be disease-free, 8 were asymptomatic despite overt bony disease, and 7 had persistent symptoms which much improved in 5. Bone metastases were uncommon, and follicular cancer predominated in this survey. Conclusion. RAI therapy improves quality of life in most patients. There is a place for XRT.

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25

Johnston, Deanne, Razeeya Khan, Jacqui Miot, Shirra Moch, Yolande Van Deventer, and Guy Richards. "Usage of antibiotics in the intensive care units of an academic tertiary-level hospital." Southern African Journal of Infectious Diseases 33, no. 4 (October 22, 2018): 106–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajid.v33i4.158.

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Background: The post-antibiotic era is approaching fast as multidrug-resistant bacteria emerge and the antibiotic pipeline slows to a trickle. Antibiotic stewardship requires that antibiotics be used appropriately and as such this study reviewed the utilisation of antibiotics in five adult intensive care units (ICUs) at Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital.Methods: A retrospective, cross-sectional record review of admissions to the Coronary, Cardiothoracic, Multidisciplinary, Neurology and Trauma ICUs was conducted over one month. Information from the ICU chart was captured on a modified version of the South African Antibiotic Stewardship Programme, Antibiotic Prescription Chart.Results: A total of 204 files were reviewed with 55.2% of patients receiving antibiotics during admission. The three most frequently prescribed were amoxicillin clavulanate (n = 46), piperacillin/tazobactam (n = 32) and cefazolin (n = 28), while colistin was used on one occasion. The majority of antibiotics (84.9%) were given for five days or less. Of concern however, of 35 instances where concurrent administration of antibiotics occurred, 8 had a similar spectrum and on 7 occasions the duration of antibiotic treatment was longer than 7 days. Cultures were ordered on 228 occasions. In patients receiving antibiotics 61.6% had cultures ordered; however, only 56.3% of these were taken before or on the day that antibiotics were started.Conclusion: This study showed that generally the duration of antibiotic treatment was short, concurrent use of antibiotics was minimal and the use of a restricted formulary limited the use of specific antibiotics such as colistin. However, implementation of stewardship principles and ordering of appropriate cultures would assist in further improving appropriate use of antibiotics in the ICU setting.

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Laher, Abdullah E., Fathima Paruk, Guy A. Richards, and Willem D. F. Venter. "Predictors of prolonged hospital stay in HIV-positive patients presenting to the emergency department." PLOS ONE 16, no. 4 (April 21, 2021): e0249706. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0249706.

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Background Prolonged hospitalization places a significant burden on healthcare resources. Compared to the general population, hospital length of stay (LOS) is generally longer in HIV-positive patients. We identified predictors of prolonged hospital length of stay (LOS) in HIV-positive patients presenting to an emergency department (ED). Methods In this cross-sectional study, HIV-positive patients presenting to the Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital adult ED were prospectively enrolled between 07 July 2017 and 18 October 2018. Data was subjected to univariate and multivariate logistic regression to determine parameters associated with a higher likelihood of prolonged hospital LOS, defined as ≥7 days. Results Among the 1224 participants that were enrolled, the median (IQR) LOS was 4.6 (2.6–8.2) days, while the mean (SD) LOS was 6.9 (8.2) days. On multivariate analysis of the data, hemoglobin <11 g/dL (OR 1.37, p = 0.032), Glasgow coma scale (GCS) <15 (OR 1.80, p = 0.001), creatinine >120 μmol/L (OR 1.85, p = 0.000), cryptococcal meningitis (OR 2.45, p = 0.015) and bacterial meningitis (OR 4.83, p = 0.002) were significantly associated with a higher likelihood of LOS ≥7 days, while bacterial pneumonia (OR 0.35, p = 0.000) and acute gastroenteritis (OR 0.40, p = 0.025) were significantly associated with a lower likelihood of LOS ≥7 days. Conclusion Various clinical and laboratory parameters are useful in predicting prolonged hospitalization among HIV-positive patients presenting to the ED. These parameters may be useful in guiding clinical decision making and directing the allocation of resources.

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27

Sabo, U. A., P. Buttner, and G. Scher. "Impact of caregiver burden on health-related quality of life and family functioning of carers of children with epilepsy at the Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital, South Africa." South African Journal of Child Health 14, no. 2 (July 7, 2020): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.7196/sajch.2020.v14i2.1603.

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28

Mothibi, Lesego M., Norma N. Bosman, and Trusha Nana. "Fosfomycin susceptibility of uropathogens at Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital." Southern African Journal of Infectious Diseases 35, no. 1 (October 26, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajid.v35i1.173.

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29

Letlotlo, Bokang L., Lavinia D. Lumu, Mahomed Y. H. Moosa, and Fatima Y. Jeenah. "Clinical use of neuro-imaging in psychiatric patients at the Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital." South African Journal of Psychiatry 27 (May 28, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v27i0.1614.

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30

"Outcomes of Major Trauma Patients Receiving Pre-Hospital Adrenaline for Haemodynamic Instability at Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital." Journal of Medical Emergency, Surgery and Traumatic Stress 2020, no. 01 (October 23, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.33513/mest/2001-03.

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31

Benali, Ghad, Tanusha Ramdin, and Daynia Ballot. "An audit of mother to child HIV transmission rates and neonatal outcomes at a tertiary hospital in South Africa." BMC Research Notes 12, no. 1 (September 18, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13104-019-4617-1.

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Abstract Objective The aim of this study was to explore the prevalence of congenital HIV infection of neonates at Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital (CMJAH) between 2015 and 2017, as well as compare the HIV PCR positive and HIV PCR negative neonates. Results A total number of 1443 HIV exposed neonates was examined for the study period out of a total of 5029 admissions (HIV exposure 28.6%) The study found that the rate of HIV transmission at birth was 2.52%. The majority of infants had low birth weight and were also born prematurely. These results show that, despite the introduction of the extended mother to child transmission programme, HIV transmission is high.

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32

Rattray, D., BP Phakathi, and A. Mannell. "The spectrum of male breast disease at Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital - a 3-year retrospective review." South African Journal of Surgery 59, no. 1 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2078-5151/2021/v59n1a3263.

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33

Guidozzi, Deanna Francesca, Susan Branch, and Lawrence Chauke. "An assessment of the caesarean section rate at Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital according to the Robson classification." South African Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 24, no. 3 (June 14, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.7196/sajog.1396.

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34

Mampa, Eshely, Mohamed Haffejee, and Pascaline Fru. "The correlation between obesity and prostate volume in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia at Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital." African Journal of Urology 27, no. 1 (April 9, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12301-021-00160-y.

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Abstract Background Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is on the increase placing a substantial burden on health care systems. Recent studies have shown that men with high body mass index (BMI) and central obesity, as denoted by waist circumference (WC) have bigger prostate volumes (PV) with subsequent increase in lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) than men with normal BMI. The purpose of this research was to investigate the correlation between Obesity and PV in patients with BPH. Methods The study included 178 men aged between 50 and 75 years with BPH seen at Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg academic hospital (CMJAH) Urology Outpatient Department between September 2018 and February 2019. Weight and height measurements were obtained to calculate BMI. Furthermore, WC was measured using a measuring tape, while a transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) was used to measure PV. Patient demographics, clinical characteristics such as hypertension, diabetes, smoking and prostate specific antigen (PSA) were also noted. Results Patients in the study had a mean age of 64.87 ± 6.526 years and the mean BMI was 27.31 ± 3.933 kg/m2. The mean PV of each BMI group were 52.92 ± 38.49, 61.00 ± 33.10 and 64.86 ± 37.46 cm3 for normal, overweight and obese groups, respectively, and the average PV score was 59.36 ± 36.507 cm3. The mean PSA score was 4.30 ± 3.126 with a range of 1.3–6.4, while the mean WC was 98.67 cm. There was no correlation between BMI and PV (p value = 0.195) as well as between PV and WC, hypertension, diabetes or smoking. The results revealed that the relationship between PV with PSA level as well as age was significant (p value = 0.001, p value = 0.009, respectively). Conclusion The results showed no correlation between BMI and PV. Diabetes and hypertension as well had no positive correlation with PV. A follow-up study may be indicated to look at the correlation between obesity, LUTS and urinary flow rates to establish whether aggressive management of obesity would have significant impact on the management of BPH.

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Pillay, Lusela, and Reubina Wadee. "A retrospective study of the epidemiology and histological subtypes of ovarian epithelial neoplasms at Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital." Southern African Journal of Gynaecological Oncology, August 12, 2021, 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/20742835.2021.1962084.

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36

Van Wyk, Bronwin, Dumela K, and van der Merwe DG. "Analysis of Set-up Parameters in Head and Neck Patients at the Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital (A Review of Current Clinical Practice)." Journal of Brain Tumors & Neurooncology 06, no. 01 (2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2329-6771.1000182.

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Van Wyk, Bronwin P., Leo P. Masamba, Vinay Sharma, and Thulani Nyathi. "Commissioning of Virtual Simulation and its Role in the Treatment Planning of Head and Neck Cancers at Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital (CMJAH)." Journal of Health Education Research & Development 04, no. 04 (2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2380-5439.1000198.

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38

McCabe, M., Y. Perner, R. Magobo, P. Magangane, S. Mirza, and C. Penny. "Microsatellite Instability assessment in Black South African Colorectal Cancer patients reveal an increased incidence of suspected Lynch syndrome." Scientific Reports 9, no. 1 (October 21, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-51316-4.

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Abstract Microsatellite Instability (MSI) is a hallmark of colorectal cancer (CRC) and occurs in 15–16% of CRC. Molecular biological information of CRC in South Africa (SA) is largely unrecorded. This study was undertaken to determine the frequency of MSI, with particular reference to Lynch syndrome (LS) with a view to improve surveillance and prevention strategies. This was a retrospective study on CRC samples diagnosed between 2011–2015 at Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital (CMJAH). Samples diagnosed between 2011–2012 were screened for MSI by PCR and mismatch repair (MMR) immunohistochemistry (IHC), and additional BRAFV600E mutational analysis performed. T-tests, Fischer’s exact and Chi square statistical tests were applied. Twelve percent of patients displayed MSI, with increased frequency in black (15%) versus other ethnic group (OEG) (8%) patients. MSI patients were significantly younger than microsatellite stable (MSS) patients, however when stratified by ethnicity, black patients were predominantly younger (median age: 47), with increased MSH2/6 loss, and no BRAF mutations. These findings suggest a large proportion of young black SA CRC patients develop via the LS pathway due to earlier age onset and predominant MSH2/6 protein loss. SA patients of other ethnicities appear to follow the more well established sporadic MSI pathway.

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Von Knorring, Nina, Trusha Nana, and Vindana Chibabhai. "Cumulative antimicrobial susceptibility data for a tertiary-level paediatric oncology unit in Johannesburg, South Africa." South African Journal of Oncology 3 (May 27, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajo.v3i0.65.

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Background: There is global concern regarding the spread of antimicrobial resistance in bacteria and fungi. Oncology patients are at particular risk of infections with multidrug resistant organisms. These patients require urgent initiation of empiric antimicrobial therapy when presenting with neutropenic fever. Currently, piperacillin-tazobactam and amikacin with or without vancomycin is the treatment of choice in the unit.Aim: The purpose of this study was to develop a cumulative antibiogram for the paediatric oncology unit at Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital (CMJAH) to guide empiric treatment recommendations for patients presenting with suspected bacterial or fungal infection.Setting: Tertiary-level paediatric oncology unit.Methods: A retrospective observational analysis was performed of bacterial and fungal antimicrobial susceptibility data extracted from the microbiology laboratory information system for clinical specimens submitted from the paediatric oncology unit at CMJAH. Data was analysed for the period January 2015 to May 2018. In addition, analysis and comparison of two 17-month time periods was performed in order to elicit any changes over time.Results: Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli were the most common gram-negative organisms isolated. Twenty-one percent of Enterobacteriaceae showed resistance to third generation cephalosporins and 9% to carbapenems. Rates of carbapenem-resistant isolates decreased significantly over time. Adding amikacin to piperacillin-tazobactam significantly increased bacterial coverage. Coagulase-negative staphylococci and Candida parapsilosis were the most common gram-positive and fungal isolates recovered during the study.Conclusion: The results support the continued use of piperacillin-tazobactam and amikacin for paediatric oncology patients presenting with neutropenic fever in this unit. Antibiograms are an important component of antimicrobial stewardship in conjunction with efficient infection prevention and control measures.

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Diana, Nina E., and Charles Feldman. "Measles in adults: A comparison of hospitalised HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected patients." Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine 20, no. 1 (August 13, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajhivmed.v20i1.877.

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Background: Although measles is traditionally a childhood illness, there are an increasing number of adult cases. Despite both measles and HIV infection being endemic in sub-Saharan Africa, there are little data regarding outcomes in co-infected patients.Objectives: Compare demographic, clinical, laboratory and radiographic features, as well as outcome (length of hospital stay, complications and mortality) between HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected adult patients admitted with confirmed measles.Methods: We conducted a retrospective record review of adult patients with confirmed measles who were admitted to the Infectious Diseases Unit at the Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital during the peak of the 2009 and 2010 South African measles outbreak. The data collected included demographic, clinical and laboratory parameters, as well as outcomes.Results: Of the 33 confirmed measles cases admitted, 24 patients were tested for HIV infection and 18 tested seropositive. There were no significant differences in the demographics, clinical findings or laboratory data when comparing the HIV-positive and HIV-negative cases. Serious clinical manifestations were seen more frequently in HIV-positive patients (odds ratio [OR] 5, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.48–51.8, p = 0.34). One of the six patients testing HIV-negative developed pneumonia, while six of the 18 HIV-positive patients had a course complicated by pneumonia. Five of these HIV-positive patients required admission to the intensive care unit, three developing respiratory failure necessitating mechanical ventilation. HIV-positive patients had several other manifestations, including acute kidney injury, purulent conjunctivitis, pancreatitis and encephalitis. HIV-positive patients had a significantly longer hospital stay (p = 0.03). There were three deaths in the HIV-positive group, but none in the HIV-negative group (OR 2.9, 95% CI 0.13–65.3, p = 0.55).Conclusion: Our study provides data on the largest series of hospitalised adults infected with HIV and co-infected with measles. More severe consequences seemed to occur in hospitalised HIV-positive patients.

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