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Journal articles on the topic 'Charmonium; particles'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 3 June 2025
Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Küßner, Meike. "Recent Highlights on Meson Spectroscopy at BESIII." EPJ Web of Conferences 291 (2024): 01002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202429101002.

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Despite mesons being one of the longest known type of particles, there are still many open questions. Besides well understood states that can be clearly attributed to meson nonets, there are many candidates which could have an exotic nature instead. Such exotic particles e.g. glueballs, hybrids and tetraquarks can be favorably studied in clean, gluon rich environments. The BE-SIII experiment, which is in operation at the BEPCII electron-positron collider in Beijing since 2009, has collected world leading high statistic data samples in the charmonium region. This allows to study rare reactions
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2

Li, Chenyu, and Baoyi Chen. "Anisotropic Flows of Charmonium in the Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions." Mathematics 10, no. 22 (2022): 4284. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math10224284.

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We review recent studies about anisotropic flows (v1,v2,v3) of charmonium in the quark-gluon plasma produced in relativistic heavy-ion collisions. Collective flows of the bulk medium are developed due to the anisotropic pressure gradient of the medium. Strongly coupled with the bulk medium, charm quarks carry collective flows from the expanding medium, which will be inherited by the regenerated charmonium via the coalescence process. In event-by-event collisions where nucleon positions fluctuate from the smooth distribution, there is triangularity in the medium initial energy density. Triangul
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3

Kuanyshbaiuly, Y., K. Baiseitov, and Т. Ramazanov. "Cornell potential in collisional quark-gluon plasma." BULLETIN of the L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University. PHYSICS. ASTRONOMY Series 142, no. 1 (2023): 16–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.32523/2616-6836-2023-142-1-16-25.

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In experimental studies of quark-gluon plasma at accelerators, charmonium and bottomonium play an important role, since their onset of dissociation is one of the few signs of a phase transition in a hot and superdense medium. These particles represent the bound states of the heavy quark and antiquark of charm and bottom flavour, respectively. One of the well-studied research methods is considered to be phenomenological models, where the interaction between quarks is described by the Cornell-type potentials, as well as its modifications. This article examines the influence of the movement of ch
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4

PALANO, ANTIMO. "CHARM AND CHARMONIUM SPECTROSCOPY AT BABAR." International Journal of Modern Physics A 24, no. 02n03 (2009): 343–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x09043663.

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We report on the most recent progress in charm and charmonium spectroscopy. Many new states have been discovered in the high statistics data sets from B -factories and CLEO experiment. Some of these particles are candidates for being exotic non [Formula: see text] states. We will concentrate on results obtained at the BABAR experiment which are based on up to ≈ 470 fb-1 of e+e- collisions at the ϒ(4S) resonance at the PEP-II linear accelerator at SLAC.
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5

UEHARA, SADAHARU. "RECENT RESULTS ON MESON SPECTROSCOPY FROM BELLE AND BABAR." International Journal of Modern Physics A 26, no. 03n04 (2011): 341–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x11051639.

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Recent experimental studies of meson spectroscopy at the B -factories are reviewed. This report covers updates of studies for exotic candidates of both charmonium-like and bottomonium-like particles as well as searches and measurements of other new or known states including conventional heavy quarkonia.
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6

SHEN, XIAOYAN. "HEAVY FLAVOR, QUARKONIUM PRODUCTION AND DECAY." International Journal of Modern Physics A 21, no. 08n09 (2006): 1710–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x06032708.

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Recent experimental results on quarkonium physics are reviewed. In particular, the new observed particles since last one or two years, such as X(1835), X(3872), X(3940), Y(3940) and Y(4260) are discussed, the latest data on double charmonium production, heavy hadron spectroscopy and quarkonia decays are presented.
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7

HARTMANN, OLAF N. "HADRON PROPERTIES IN THE NUCLEAR MEDIUM — THE PANDA PROGRAM WITH $\overline{\rm p} \rm{A}$ REACTIONS." International Journal of Modern Physics A 22, no. 02n03 (2007): 578–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x07035872.

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The PANDA experiment at FAIR comprises the possibility to study antiproton annihilations on nuclear targets. Such reactions are ideally suited to investigate the in-medium-potential of hadrons – charmed mesons, charmonium, antikaons, antibaryons – making use of the PANDA detector system to detect the final state particles. The paper discusses connected experimental results, predictions i.a. for the so far unexplored region of the charm quark mass, and the intended experimental procedure.
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8

Alam, I. S., and S. B. Maywenson. "Revisiting the charmonium spectra within the non-relativistic framework using the Matrix Numerov method." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2498, no. 1 (2023): 012013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2498/1/012013.

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Abstract Charmonium is a composite particle composed of charm and anti-charm quark. Studying spectroscopy on charmonium is one effort to understand the strong interactions. In this study, the mass spectrum of the charmonium is modeled within a non-relativistic framework. As a result, we can use the Schrödinger equation to describe the charmonium system. The results obtained with the non-relativistic framework are reasonable for charmonium because the charm mass is relatively large compared to the quark mass from the first generation. Potential energy for charmonium is composed of phenomenologi
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9

Esposito, Angelo, Andrea L. Guerrieri, Fulvio Piccinini, Alessandro Pilloni, and Antonio D. Polosa. "Four-quark hadrons: An updated review." International Journal of Modern Physics A 30, no. 04n05 (2015): 1530002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x15300021.

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The past decade witnessed a remarkable proliferation of exotic charmonium-like resonances discovered at accelerators. In particular, the recently observed charged states are clearly not interpretable as [Formula: see text] mesons. Notwithstanding the considerable advances on the experimental side, conflicting theoretical descriptions do not seem to provide a definitive picture about the nature of the so-called XYZ particles. We present here a comprehensive review about this intriguing topic, discussing both those experimental and theoretical aspects which we consider relevant to make further p
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10

Bauer, G. "The X(3872) at CDF II." International Journal of Modern Physics A 20, no. 16 (2005): 3765–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x05027552.

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Last year's X(3872) discovery was confirmed with the CDF II detector in [Formula: see text] collisions. We measure its mass to be 3871.3±0.7±0.4 MeV/c 2. The source of X-mesons in the large CDF sample is resolved by studying their vertex displacement. We find 16.1±4.9±2.0% of our X-sample comes from decays of b-hadrons, and the remainder from prompt sources: either direct production or by decay of (unknown) short-lived particles. The mix of production sources is similar to that observed for the ψ(2S) charmonium state.
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11

Shen, Chao-Wei, Hao-Jie Jing, Feng-Kun Guo та Jia-Jun Wu. "Exploring Possible Triangle Singularities in the Ξ b − → K − J / ψ Λ Decay". Symmetry 12, № 10 (2020): 1611. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym12101611.

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We analyze possible singularities in the J/ψΛ invariant mass distribution of the Ξb−→K−J/ψΛ process via triangle loop diagrams. Triangle singularities in the physical region are found in 18 different triangle loop diagrams. Among those with Ξ*-charmonium-Λ intermediate states, the one from the χc1Ξ(2120)Λ loop, which is located around 4628 MeV, is found the most likely to cause observable effects. One needs S- and P-waves in χc1Λ and J/ψΛ systems, respectively, when the quantum numbers of these systems are 1/2+ or 3/2+. When the quantum numbers of the Ξ(2120) are JP=1/2+, 1/2− or 3/2+, the pea
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12

Chen, Dian-Yong. "The initial single chiral particle emission mechanism and its predictions of charmonium-like structures." International Journal of Modern Physics: Conference Series 29 (January 2014): 1460223. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010194514602233.

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We propose a new mechanism, named as the initial single chiral particle emission mechanism, to explain the charged Zb(10610) and Zb(10650) observed in the ϒ(5S) → π+π-ϒ(nS), π+π-hb(mP), (n = 1 ~ 3, m = 1, 2) processes. After successfully interpreting the charge Zb structures, we extend this mechanism to study the process of the dipion transitions between the higher charmonia/charmonium-like state and the lower charmonia. In these transitions process, we predict two charmonium analogs of the charged Zb. After the observations of Zc(3900) by the BESIII and the Belle Collaborations, we reproduce
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13

Luchinsky, A. V., and A. K. Likhoded. "Charmonia production in W → (cc̄)Ds(∗) decays." Modern Physics Letters A 36, no. 09 (2021): 2150058. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732321500589.

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In this paper, production of charmonium state [Formula: see text] in exclusive [Formula: see text] decays is analyzed in the framework of both leading order Non-relativistic Quantum Chromodynamics (NRQCD) and light-cone (LC) expansion models. Analytical and numerical predictions for the branching fractions of these decays in both the approaches are given. The typical value of the branching fractions is [Formula: see text][Formula: see text][Formula: see text] and it turns out that the LC results are significantly larger than NRQCD ones (approximately two or four times increase depending on the
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14

Sadek Finot, Rita. "Quarkonium production and elliptic flow in small systems measured with ALICE." EPJ Web of Conferences 276 (2023): 02010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202327602010.

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Abstract. Quarkonium production in hadronic collisions provides a unique testing ground for understanding quantum chromodynamics (QCD) since it involves both perturbative and non-perturbative regimes of this theory. A variety of experimental observables, such as the production cross-section, polarization, particle correlations, serve as insights into the phenomenology of the quarkonium production and help constrain the theoretical models. Measurements of quarkonia as a function of multiplicity probe multiple parton interactions (MPI), i.e., several parton-parton interactions occurring in a sin
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15

Rocha, Érison S., and Magno V. T. Machado. "Diffractive Production of Quarkonium in p-A Collisions at LHC." International Journal of Modern Physics: Conference Series 45 (January 2017): 1760063. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010194517600631.

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In the present work, we investigated the exclusive diffractive production of charmonium in pronton-nucleus collisions at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) energies. Such exclusive production reactions possess a cleaner experimental signal than inclusive production once it is characterized by low multiplicity of particles between final produced state and the incident protons of collider beam. The considered theoretical framework was the perturbative model of Quantum Cromodynamics (QCD) for the Pomeron exchange. In particular, we have used the resolved Pomeron model which depends on the Pomeron fl
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16

Babiarz, Izabela, Wolfgang Schäfer та Antoni Szczurek. "ηc production within light-cone approach in pp and eA collisions". EPJ Web of Conferences 291 (2024): 03007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202429103007.

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Abstract. The charmonium state ηc is a pseudoscalar meson (JPC = 0−+). We will review the proton-proton and electron-ion reactions, where ηc can be produced through the fusion of two virtual gluons in pp collision or one virtual photon-one real photon in eA collision. The main ingredient in our light-cone approach is the space-like transition form factor with dependence on two virtu-alities of the particles. The idea is to construct the form factor based on the wave function of the cc¯ state. The radial part of the wave function can be found by solving the Schrödinger equation. The transformat
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17

Mochalov, V. V., V. V. Abramov, N. A. Bazhanov, et al. "Systematic Study of Spin Effects at SPASCHARM Experiment at 70-GeV Accelerator in Protvino." International Journal of Modern Physics: Conference Series 40 (January 2016): 1660106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s201019451660106x.

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A new experiment SPASCHARM for systematic study of polarization phenomena in the inclusive and exclusive hadronic reactions in the energy range of IHEP accelerator U-70 (12–50[Formula: see text]GeV) is currently under development. The universal experimental setup will detect dozens of various resonances and stable particles produced in collisions of unpolarized beams with the polarized target, and at the next stage, using polarized proton and antiproton beams. At the beginning, the final states consisting of light quarks ([Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]) will be r
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18

Nouicer, Rachid. "Highlights from PHENIX at RHIC." EPJ Web of Conferences 171 (2018): 01003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201817101003.

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Hadrons conveying strange quarks or heavy quarks are essential probes of the hot and dense medium created in relativistic heavy-ion collisions. With hidden strangeness, ϕ meson production and its transport in the nuclear medium have attracted high interest since its discovery. Heavy quark-antiquark pairs, like charmonium and bottomonium mesons, are mainly produced in initial hard scattering processes of partons. While some of the produced pairs form bound quarkonia, the vast majority hadronize into particles carrying open heavy flavor. In this context, the PHENIX collaboration carries out a co
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19

Senger, Anna, and Peter Senger. "Probing Dense QCD Matter: Muon Measurements with the CBM Experiment at FAIR." Particles 4, no. 2 (2021): 205–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/particles4020019.

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The Compressed Baryonic Matter (CBM) experiment at the future Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR) in Darmstadt is designed to investigate the properties of high-density QCD matter with multi-differential measurements of hadrons and leptons, including rare probes such as multi-strange anti-hyperons and charmed particles. The research program covers the study of the high-density equation-of-state of nuclear matter and the exploration of the QCD phase diagram at large baryon chemical potentials, including the search for quark matter and the critical endpoint of a hypothetical 1st orde
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20

MEI, ZHONG-HAO, and XIANG-QIAN LUO. "EXOTIC MESONS FROM QUANTUM CHROMODYNAMICS WITH IMPROVED GLUON AND QUARK ACTIONS ON THE ANISOTROPIC LATTICE." International Journal of Modern Physics A 18, no. 31 (2003): 5713–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x03017038.

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Hybrid (exotic) mesons, which are important predictions of quantum chromodynamics (QCD), are states of quarks and antiquarks bound by excited gluons. First principle lattice study of such states would help us understand the role of "dynamical" color in low energy QCD and provide valuable information for experimental search for these new particles. In this paper, we apply both improved gluon and quark actions to the hybrid mesons, which might be much more efficient than the previous works in reducing lattice spacing error and finite volume effect. Quenched simulations were done at β=2.6 and on
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21

Nilima, Indrani, and Vineet Kumar Agotiya. "Equation of States and Charmonium Suppression in Heavy-Ion Collisions." Advances in High Energy Physics 2019 (August 6, 2019): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/9574136.

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The present article is the follow-up of our work Bottomonium suppression in quasi-particle model, where we have extended the study for charmonium states using quasi-particle model in terms of quasi-gluons and quasi quarks/antiquarks as an equation of state. By employing medium modification to a heavy quark potential thermodynamic observables, viz., pressure, energy density, speed of sound, etc. have been calculated which nicely fit with the lattice equation of state for gluon, massless, and as well massive flavored plasma. For obtaining the thermodynamic observables we employed the debye mass
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22

BARANOV, SERGEY P. "BELL'S INEQUALITY IN CHARMONIUM DECAYS." International Journal of Modern Physics A 24, no. 02n03 (2009): 480–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x09043894.

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This note addresses the issue of checking Bell's inequalities in elementary particle physics. A new expression for the Bell's inequality is proposed in terms of experimentally measurable angular observables. As an example, the degree of violation of the Bell's inequality in the decays [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text] is studied.
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23

Ganbold, Gurjav. "Charmonium radiative transitions, meson and glueball particle properties with the effective strong coupling." EPJ Web of Conferences 204 (2019): 08002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201920408002.

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The particle properties of conventional mesons and scalar glueball, radiative transitions of charmonium excited states χcJ (J = 0, 1, 2) are studied in the framework of relativistic quark models with infrared confinement by taking into account the mass dependence of the effective strong coupling. A specific behaviour of the mass-dependent strong coupling with a freezing point αs (0) = 1.032 has been revealed. The spectrum and leptonic (weak) decay constants of conventional mesons have been calculated in good agreement with the latest experimental data. New estimates on the scalar glueball mass
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24

BHAGHYESH and K. B. VIJAYA KUMAR. "CHARMONIUM SPECTRA AND DECAYS IN A SEMIRELATIVISTIC MODEL." International Journal of Modern Physics A 27, no. 22 (2012): 1250127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x12501278.

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We investigate the spectra and decays of charmonium [Formula: see text] system in a semirelativistic potential model. The Hamiltonian of our model consists of a relativistic kinetic energy term, a vector Coulomb-like potential and a scalar confining potential. From this Hamiltonian a spinless wave equation is obtained. The wave equation is then reduced to the form of a single particle Schrödinger equation. The spin dependent potentials are introduced as a perturbation. The three-dimensional harmonic oscillator wave function is employed as a trial wave function and the [Formula: see text] mass
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25

Maurice, Émilie. "Heavy ion physics at LHCb." EPJ Web of Conferences 182 (2018): 02085. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201818202085.

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The LHCb detector, with its excellent momentum resolution and particle identification, is ideally suited for measuring heavy quark hadron and quarkonium production properties. Recent LHCb measurements of charmonium and open charm production in several configurations of proton-nucleus collisions are presented.
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26

Kiselev, V. V., O. N. Pakhomova, and V. A. Saleev. "Two-particle decays of theBCmeson into charmonium states." Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics 28, no. 4 (2002): 595–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0954-3899/28/4/301.

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27

Shi, Zhaozhong. "Measurements of J/ψ Production vs. Event Multiplicity in Forward Rapidity in p + p Collisions in the PHENIX Experiment". Universe 9, № 7 (2023): 322. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/universe9070322.

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J/ψ, a charmonium bound state made of a charm and an anti-charm quark, was discovered in the 1970s and confirmed the quark model. Because the mass of charm quarks is significantly above the quantum chromodynamics (QCD) scale ΛQCD, charmonia are considered excellent probes to test perturbative quantum chromodynamics (pQCD) calculations. In recent decades, they have been studied extensively at different high-energy colliders. However, their production mechanisms, which involve multiple scales, are still not very well understood. Recently, in high-multiplicity p+p collisions at RHIC and at the LH
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28

Bali, Gunnar, Sara Collins, Daniel Mohler, et al. "Charmonium resonances on the lattice." EPJ Web of Conferences 175 (2018): 05020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201817505020.

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The nature of resonances and excited states near decay thresholds is encoded in scattering amplitudes, which can be extracted from single-particle and multiparticle correlators in finite volumes. Lattice calculations have only recently reached the precision required for a reliable study of such correlators. The distillation method represents a significant improvement insofar as it simplifies quark contractions and allows one to easily extend the operator basis used to construct interpolators. We present preliminary results on charmonium bound states and resonances on the Nf = 2+1 CLS ensembles
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29

Solanki, Siddhartha. "Charmonium Suppression in an Anisotropic Hot Qcd Medium Using Quasi-Particle Model." ECS Transactions 107, no. 1 (2022): 2127–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/10701.2127ecst.

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We have studied the properties of charmonium states through the in- medium modifications to both perturbative and non-perturbative term using the Cornell potential. The flavor dependence of the binding energies of the heavy quarkonia states in isotropic as well as anisotropic case have been obtained by employing the quasi-particle Debye mass with baryonic chemical potential at fixed value of μb =300MeV, which is computed by employing the quasi-particle picture. There is significant comparision has been made for the variation of binding energy using different Debye masses, such as quasi-particl
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30

Jenkovszky, L. L., Yu A. Kurochkin, N. D. Shaikovskaya, and V. O. Soloviev. "Nonrelativistic Quantum Mechanical Problem for the Cornell Potential in Lobachevsky Space." Universe 10, no. 2 (2024): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/universe10020076.

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In Friedmann–Lobachevsky space-time with a radius of curvature slowly varying over time, we study numerically the problem of motion of a particle moving in the Cornell potential. The mass of the particle is taken to be a reduced mass of the charmonium system. In contrast to the similar problem in flat space, in Lobachevsky space the Cornell potential has a finite depth and, as a consequence, the number of bound states of the system is finite and motion with a continuum energy spectrum is also possible. In this paper, we study the bound states as well as the scattering states of the system.
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31

Abraham, I. S., I. B. Okon, A. D. Antia, A. O. Akankpo, C. N. Isonguyo, and E. E. Ituen. "Application of extended Cornell potential with spin-spin interaction to diatomic molecules and mass spectra of heavy mesons." World Journal of Applied Science & Technology 15, no. 2 (2024): 192–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/wojast.v15i2.6.

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In this work, the study of mass spectra of mesons with extended Cornell potential coupled with spin-spin interaction has been carried out. This involves approximating the Gaussian function to harmonic term in radial Schrodinger wave equation with the help of Greene-Aldrich approximation to centrifugal term using parametric Nikiforov-Uvarov (NU) method. The addition of spin-spin interaction to the extended Cornell potential helped in determining the singlet (s = 0) and triplet (s = 1) state of mesons which cannot be determined with the absence of the spin. Using the minimization approach implem
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32

Saleev, V. A. "Production of P-wave charmonium states in two-particle decays of B c mesons." Physics of Atomic Nuclei 64, no. 11 (2001): 2027–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/1.1423752.

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33

Cahn, Robert N. "J. David Jackson (January 19, 1925–May 20, 2016): A Biographical Memoir." Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science 71, no. 1 (2021): 23–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-nucl-021621-035759.

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John David (“Dave”) Jackson, a Canadian-born theoretical physicist, contributed significantly to particle, nuclear, and atomic physics. He is best known, however, for his text Classical Electrodynamics, which has been a fixture in physics graduate education around the world for more than 50 years. It is generally referred to simply as “Jackson.” This textbook, which has inspired fear and wonder alike in generations of students, clearly reflects the author's fascination with physical phenomena, his renowned mathematical dexterity, and his appreciation of the elegance of physical laws. Jackson's
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34

Liu, X., D. Y. Chen, and T. Matsuki. "The Initial Single Chiral Particle Emission Mechanism and the Predictions of Charged Charmonium-like Structures." Acta Physica Polonica B Proceedings Supplement 8, no. 1 (2015): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.5506/aphyspolbsupp.8.153.

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35

Deveaux, M., A. Aduszkiewicz, Y. Ali, et al. "The Small Acceptance Vertex Detector of NA61/SHINE." EPJ Web of Conferences 171 (2018): 10003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201817110003.

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Charmonium production in heavy ion collisions is considered as an important diagnostic probe for studying the phase diagram of strongly interacting matter for potential phase transitions. The interpretation of existing data from the CERN SPS is hampered by a lack of knowledge on the properties of open charm particle production in the fireball. Moreover, open charm production in heavy ion collisions by itself is poorly understood. To overcome this obstacle, the NA61/SHINE was equipped with a Small Acceptance Vertex Detector (SAVD), which is predicted to make the experiment sensitive to open cha
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Deveaux, M., A. Aduszkiewicz, Y. Ali, et al. "The Small Acceptance Vertex Detector of NA61/SHINE." EPJ Web of Conferences 171 (2018): 21001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201817121001.

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Charmonium production in heavy ion collisions is considered as an important diagnostic probe for studying the phase diagram of strongly interacting matter for potential phase transitions. The interpretation of existing data from the CERN SPS is hampered by a lack of knowledge on the properties of open charm particle production in the fireball. Moreover, open charm production in heavy ion collisions by itself is poorly understood. To overcome this obstacle, the NA61/SHINE was equipped with a Small Acceptance Vertex Detector (SAVD), which is predicted to make the experiment sensitive to open cha
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SANCHIS-LOZANO, MIGUEL-ANGEL. "POWER SCALING RULES FOR CHARMONIA PRODUCTION AND HQEFT." International Journal of Modern Physics A 16, no. 25 (2001): 4189–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x01004852.

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We discuss the power scaling rules along the lines of a complete heavy quark effective field theory (HQEFT) for the description of heavy quarkonium production through a color-octet mechanism. To this end, we firstly derive a tree-level heavy quark effective Lagrangian keeping both particle–antiparticle mixed sectors allowing for heavy quark–antiquark pair annihilation and creation, but describing only low-energy modes around the heavy quark mass. Then we show the consistency of using HQEFT fields in constructing four-fermion local operators à la NRQCD, to be identified with standard color-octe
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38

Wu, Biaogang, Zhanduo Tang, Min He, and Ralf Rapp. "Charmonium, Bc and X(3872) Transport at the LHC." EPJ Web of Conferences 276 (2023): 02001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202327602001.

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We deploy a kinetic-rate equation to evaluate the transport of J/ψ, ψ(2S), Bc and X (3872) in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions and compare their production yields to experimental data from the Large Hadron Collider. The rate equation has two main transport parameters: the equilibrium limit and reaction rate for each state. The temperature-dependent equilibrium limits include charm- and bottom-quark fugacities based on their initial production. The reaction rates for charmonia, bottomonia and Bc rely on charm- and bottomquark masses and binding energies from a thermodynamic T-matrix appro
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39

Garzia, Isabella. "Highlights from the BESIII experiment." EPJ Web of Conferences 314 (2024): 00008. https://doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202431400008.

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Since 2009, the BESIII experiment has been collecting e+e− physics data in the energy range between 2.0 up to 4.95 GeV. This allowed the BESIII Collaboration to collect three of the largest data sets of charmonium J/ψ, ψ(2S), and ψ(3770) resonances in the world. In particular, the radiative decay of J/ψ provides a gluon-rich environment and it is therefore regarded as one of the most promising hunting grounds for glueballs, as well as a powerful tool for searching exotic states. In this proceeding, we present the first measurement of the quantum numbers of the X(2370) particle, which shows ver
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40

Chen, Ya-Hui, Fu-Hu Liu, and Roy A. Lacey. "Event Patterns Extracted from Transverse Momentum and Rapidity Spectra ofZBosons and Quarkonium States Produced in pp and Pb-Pb Collisions at LHC." Advances in High Energy Physics 2016 (2016): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/9876253.

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Transverse momentum (pT) and rapidity (y) spectra ofZbosons and quarkonium states (some charmoniumcc¯mesons such asJ/ψandψ(2S)and some bottomoniumbb¯mesons such asΥ(1S),Υ(2S), andΥ(3S)) produced in proton-proton (pp) and lead-lead (Pb-Pb) collisions at the large hadron collider (LHC) are uniformly described by a hybrid model of two-component Erlang distribution forpTspectrum and two-component Gaussian distribution foryspectrum. The former distribution results from a multisource thermal model, and the latter one results from the revised Landau hydrodynamic model. The modelling results are in ag
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41

Kiselev, Yu T. "Universality test of short range nucleon-nucleon correlations in nuclei with strange and charmed probes." Chinese Physics C 46, no. 1 (2022): 014004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1674-1137/ac2ff9.

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Abstract Understanding the EMC effect and its relation to the short-range nucleon-nucleon correlations (SRC) in nuclei is a major challenge for modern nuclear physics. One of the key aspects of the connection between these phenomena is the universality. The universality states that the SRC is responsible for the EMC effect and that the modification of the partonic structure of the SRC is the same in different nuclei. The flavor dependence of the universality is one of the unanswered questions. The investigations conducted to date have demonstrated the existence and universality of the SRC for
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42

WAYTE, RICHARD. "A Model of Charmonium." June 19, 2017. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.811005.

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A geometrical/mechanical model of charmonium has been developed, based on the logarithmic confinement potential. The quark and antiquark pair orbit around the centre of mass, with their gluon and colour fields contained within a torus structure of characteristic radius. This record was migrated from the OpenDepot repository service in June, 2017 before shutting down.
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43

Oei, Naomi, Nadja Krenz, Hendrik van Hees, Carsten Greiner, and Juan M. Torres-Rincon. "Formation, dissociation, and regeneration of charmonia within microscopic Langevin simulations." Physical Review D 111, no. 7 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.111.074012.

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We present a microscopic dynamical model to study the formation, dissociation, and recombination processes of charmonium states in a heat bath at constant temperature and volume. Within this classical approach, heavy quarks are described as Brownian particles in a background medium of light constituents and can therefore be modeled by a Fokker-Planck equation with constant transport coefficients, which is then implemented through relativistic Langevin simulations. The heavy quarks interact classically via a Coulomb-like screened potential to form a bound state if the relative energy of the pai
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44

Fabbrichesi, M., R. Floreanini, E. Gabrielli, and L. Marzola. "Bell inequality is violated in charmonium decays." Physical Review D 110, no. 5 (2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.110.053008.

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The experimental data on the helicity amplitudes of charmonium decays allow us to measure entanglement in final state spin correlations and test possible violations of the Bell inequality. We find that the Bell inequality is violated with a significance of 5σ or more in the decays ηc,χc0,J/ψ→Λ+Λ¯, J/ψ→Ξ−+Ξ¯+,Ξ0+Ξ¯0,Σ−+Σ¯+,Σ0+Σ¯0, ψ(3686)→Ξ−+Ξ¯+,Σ−+Σ¯+,Σ0+Σ¯0, χc0,χc1→ϕ+ϕ. The decays ψ(3686)→Λ+Λ¯ and Ξ0+Ξ¯0 show the same violation but with less significance. The decay ψ(3686)→Ω−+Ω¯+ displays entanglement. These results firmly establish the presence of entanglement and quantum nonseparability at
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45

Thampi, Ashish. "Charmonium and bottomonium spectroscopy at Belle II." SciPost Physics Proceedings, no. 8 (July 11, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.21468/scipostphysproc.8.019.

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The Belle II experiment at the SuperKEKB energy-asymmetric e^{+}e^{-}e+e− collider is an upgrade of the BB factory facility at KEK in Tsukuba, Japan. The experiment began operation in 2019 and aims to record a factor of 50 times more data than its predecessor. Belle II is uniquely capable of studying the so-called “XYZ” particles: heavy exotic hadrons consisting of more than three quarks. First discovered by Belle, these now number in the dozens, and represent the emergence of a new category within quantum chromodynamics. We present recent results obtained from Belle II data, and the future pr
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46

Braga, Nelson, William S. Cunha, and Yan F. Ferreira. "Holography and the internal structure of charmonium." Chinese Physics C, May 9, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1088/1674-1137/add674.

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Abstract Holographic models that consider classical vector fields in a 5-d background provide successful effective descriptions for heavy vector meson spectra. This holds both in the vacuum and in a thermal medium, like the quark gluon plasma. However, it is somehow mysterious the way that these phenomenological models work. In particular, what is the role of the fifth dimension and what is the relation between the holographic 5-d background and the physical (4-d) heavy mesons. Hadrons, in contrast to leptons, are composite particles with some internal structure, that depends on the energy at
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47

Sanctis, Maurizio. "A relativistic wave equation with a local kinetic operator and an energy-dependent effective interaction for the study of hadronic systems." Open Physics 12, no. 4 (2014). http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11534-014-0444-0.

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AbstractWe study a fully relativistic, two-body, quadratic wave equation for equal mass interacting particles. With this equation the difficulties related to the use of the square roots in the kinetic energy operators are avoided. An energy-dependent effective interaction, also containing quadratic potential operators, is introduced. For pedagogical reasons, it is previously shown that a similar procedure can be also applied to the well-known case of a one-particle Dirac equation. The relationships of our model with other relativistic approaches are briefly discussed. We show that it is possib
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48

Ablikim, M., M. N. Achasov, P. Adlarson та ін. "Strong and Weak CP Tests in Sequential Decays of Polarized Σ0 Hyperons". Physical Review Letters 133, № 10 (2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.133.101902.

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The J/ψ, ψ(3686)→Σ0Σ¯0 processes and subsequent decays are studied using the world’s largest J/ψ and ψ(3686) data samples collected with the BESIII detector. The parity-violating decay parameters of the decays Σ0→Λγ and Σ¯0→Λ¯γ, αΣ0=−0.0017±0.0021±0.0018 and α¯Σ0=0.0021±0.0020±0.0022, are measured for the first time. The strong CP symmetry is tested in the decays of the Σ0 hyperons for the first time by measuring the asymmetry ACPΣ=αΣ0+α¯Σ0=(0.4±2.9±1.3)×10−3. The weak CP test is performed in the subsequent decays of their daughter particles Λ and Λ¯. Also for the first time, the transverse po
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49

Wen, Liuyuan, Xiaojian Du, Shuzhe Shi, and baoyi chen. "Probe the color screening in proton-nucleus collisions with complex potentials." Chinese Physics C, July 11, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1674-1137/ac7fe6.

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Abstract Color screening and parton inelastic scattering modify the heavy-quark antiquark potential in the medium that consists of particles from quantum chromodynamics (QCD), leading to suppression of quarkonium production in relativistic heavy-ion collisions. Due to small charm/anti-charm ($c\bar{c}$) pair production number in proton-nucleus (pA) collisions, the correlation between different $c\bar{c}$ pairs is negligible, which makes the Schr\"odinger equation viable for tracking the evolution of only one $c\bar{c}$ pair. We employ the time-dependent Schr\"odinger equation with in-medium $c
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50

Acharya, S., D. Adamová, A. Adler та ін. "Measurement of ψ (2S) production as a function of charged-particle pseudorapidity density in pp collisions at $$ \sqrt{s} $$ = 13 TeV and p–Pb collisions at $$ \sqrt{s_{\textrm{NN}}} $$ = 8.16 TeV with ALICE at the LHC". Journal of High Energy Physics 2023, № 6 (2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/jhep06(2023)147.

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Abstract Production of inclusive charmonia in pp collisions at center-of-mass energy of $$ \sqrt{s} $$ s = 13 TeV and p–Pb collisions at center-of-mass energy per nucleon pair of $$ \sqrt{s_{\textrm{NN}}} $$ s NN = 8.16 TeV is studied as a function of charged-particle pseudorapidity density with ALICE. Ground and excited charmonium states (J/ψ, ψ(2S)) are measured from their dimuon decays in the interval of rapidity in the center-of-mass frame 2.5 < ycms< 4.0 for pp collisions, and 2.03 < ycms< 3.53 and −4.46 < ycms< −2.96 for p–Pb collisions. The charged-particle pseudorapid
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